presentation image reference

How-To Geek

How to cite pictures in powerpoint.

If you're using a third-party image or photo in PowerPoint, you'll probably need to cite the author or source underneath. Here's how.

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How to cite pictures and images in powerpoint, grouping citation text and images together in powerpoint.

Billions of images are on the internet---but not all of them are free to use. When you add licensed photos to PowerPoint documents, you'll probably need to cite where it's from and who made it. Here's how.

Before we begin, it's important to remember that how you cite pictures may vary. Formal citation is required in an academic setting, where formal styles like APA are used for documents. Alternatively, copyright licensing may require you to cite images in a different way, depending on the license used.

The process for citing pictures and images in PowerPoint is actually quite simple. Unlike citations in Microsoft Word or other Office software, PowerPoint isn't really designed with referencing in mind. That doesn't mean you shouldn't cite pictures in PowerPoint---it may still be a requirement for academic and licensing reasons.

To cite an image or photo in PowerPoint, you'll need to first open a PowerPoint presentation and  insert a picture or image.

Related: How to Insert a Picture or Other Object in Microsoft Office

To add a citation to the image, you'll need to add a text box. To do this, click Insert > Text Box on the ribbon bar.

Next, draw your text box using your mouse or trackpad---place this under your image or in a suitable position close by to it.

Once the text box is created, you can add the citation.

Refer to the relevant image licensing guide or academic style guide on how to do this. For academic referencing, you can use the Cite This For Me service to create a citation which you can copy into your text box.

Once your citation is in place, you can then format the text using the formatting options in the ribbon bar under the "Home" tab.

It's probably a good idea, once your citation is in place, to anchor it to your image  using the PowerPoint grouping feature.

Related: How to Anchor Pictures to Text in PowerPoint

To do this, select both your citation text box and image using your mouse and then right-click. In the options menu that appears, select Group > Group to bind the image and text box together.

By grouping your citation text box and image together, any changes you make to your image (for instance, resizing or moving it) will now be applied to both simultaneously.

To ungroup them later, simply repeat the steps above by right-clicking your image or text box and then clicking Group > Ungroup instead.

• Ask a Librarian

Locating and Using Images for Presentations and Coursework

• Free & Open Source Images
• How to Cite Images
• Alt Text Image Descriptions

Copyright Resources

• Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States from Cornell University Library
• Copyright Overview from Purdue University
• U.S. Copyright Office
• Fair Use Evaluator
• Visual Resources Association's Statement of Fair Use of Images for Teaching, Research, and Study
• Creative Commons Licenses

Attribution

Again, the majority of images you find are under copyright and cannot be used without permission from the creator. There are exceptions with Fair Use, but this Libguide is intended to help you locate images you can use with attribution (and in some case, the images are free to use without attribution when stated, such as with stock images from pixabay). ***Please read about public domain . These images aren't under copyright, but it's still good practice to include attribution if the information is available. Attribution : the act of attributing something, especially the ascribing of a work (as of literature or art) to a particular author or artist. When you have given proper attribution, it means you have given the information necessary for people to know who the creator of the work is.

Citation General Guidelines

Include as much of the information below when citing images in a paper and formal presentations. Apply the appropriate citation style (see below for APA, MLA examples).

• Image creator's name (artist, photographer, etc.)
• Title of the image
• Date the image (or work represented by the image) was created
• Date the image was posted online
• Date of access (the date you accessed the online image)
• Institution (gallery, museum) where the image is located/owned (if applicable)
• Website and/or Database name

Citing Images in MLA, APA, Chicago, and IEEE

• Directions for citing in MLA, APA, and Chicago MLA: Citing images in-text, incorporating images into the text of your paper, works cited APA 6th ed.: Citing images in-text and reference list Chicago 17th ed.: Citing images footnotes and endnotes and bibliography from Simon Fraser University
• How to Cite Images Using IEEE from the SAIT Reg Erhardt Library
• Image, Photograph, or Related Artwork (IEEE) from the Rochester Institute of Technology Library

Citing Images in Your PPT

Currently, citing images in PPT is a bit of the Wild West. If details aren't provided by an instructor, there are a number of ways to cite. What's most important is that if the image is not a free stock image, you give credit to the author for the work. Here are some options:

1. Some sites, such as Creative Commons and Wikimedia, include the citation information with the image. Use that citation when available. Copy the citation and add under the image. For example, an image of a lake from Creative Commons has this citation next to it:  "lake"  by  barnyz  is licensed under  CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 .

2. Include a marker, such as Image 1. or Figure 1., and in the reference section, include full citation information with the corresponding number

3. Include a complete citation (whatever the required format, such as APA) below the image

4. Below the image, include the link to the online image location

5. Hyperlink the title of the image with the online image location

• << Previous: Free & Open Source Images
• Next: Alt Text Image Descriptions >>
• Last Edited: Jun 8, 2023 3:28 PM
• URL: https://guides.lib.purdue.edu/images

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How to Cite Images in PowerPoint

Last Updated: March 12, 2024

This article was co-authored by wikiHow staff writer, Jennifer Mueller, JD . Jennifer Mueller is a wikiHow Content Creator. She specializes in reviewing, fact-checking, and evaluating wikiHow's content to ensure thoroughness and accuracy. Jennifer holds a JD from Indiana University Maurer School of Law in 2006. This article has been viewed 311,639 times. Learn more...

When you're preparing a presentation using PowerPoint, you need to cite all images used that you didn't create yourself. This includes graphs or tables that you may have copied from a book, website, or other source. Unlike a text citation, an image caption in a slide presentation also includes a copyright or license statement. While this may sound complex, it's usually pretty simple if you know where to look . Beyond that, the format for your caption varies depending on whether you're using Modern Language Association (MLA), American Psychological Association (APA) , or Chicago citation style. [1] X Research source

Template and Examples

• Example: Fig. 1.

• Example: Fig. 1. Pedestrians walking by street art graffiti of the word love from:

• Example: Fig. 1. Pedestrians walking by street art graffiti of the word love from: "Pedestrian Street Art Protest," 26 Dec. 2016, pxhere.com/en/photo/10722. Accessed 29 Oct. 2018.
• If the image is available online, include a direct URL to the web page where the image can be found, instead of a page number.

• Example: Fig. 1. Pedestrians walking by street art graffiti of the word love from: "Pedestrian Street Art Protest," 26 Dec. 2016, pxhere.com/en/photo/10722. Accessed 29 Oct. 2018. Creative Commons CC0.

MLA Caption Format

Fig. x. Description of image from: Last Name, First Name. "Title of Original Image." Publication , Day Month Year, p. x. Copyright or CC License.

• Example: Figure 1 .

• Example: Figure 1 . Cat watching World of Warcraft on a laptop.

• Example: Figure 1 . Cat watching World of Warcraft on a laptop. Adapted from "World of Warcraft Obsession," by Stacina, 2004, retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/photos/staci/14430768.

• Example: Figure 1 . Cat watching World of Warcraft on a laptop. Adapted from "World of Warcraft Obsession," by Stacina, 2004, retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/photos/staci/14430768. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.

APA Caption Format

Figure 1 . Description of image in sentence case. Adapted from "Title of Original Image," by Artist, Year, retrieved from URL.

• Example: Stacina. (2004). World of Warcraft Obsession [photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/photos/staci/14430768.

APA Reference List Citation Format

Artist Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year). Title of image in sentence case [Description of format]. Retrieved from URL.

• Example: Figure 1.

• Example: Figure 1. The Banquet of Cleopatra by Giambattista Tiepolo depicts a contest between Cleopatra and Mark Antony.

• Example: Giambattista Tiepolo, The Banquet of Cleopatra , 1743-44, oil on canvas, 250.3 x 357.0 cm, accessed 24 May 2018, http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/col/work/4409.
• For slide presentations, you may use endnotes instead of footnotes, to keep your slides clean. The format remains the same.

Chicago Footnote Format

Artist First Name, Last Name, Title of Image , Year, materials, dimensions, accessed Day Month Year, URL.

Expert Q&A

• All visual elements in your presentation that are not either tables or musical scores are labeled with "Fig." or "Figure" and a number. [5] X Trustworthy Source Purdue Online Writing Lab Trusted resource for writing and citation guidelines Go to source Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

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• ↑ http://writeanswers.royalroads.ca/faq/199200
• ↑ https://guides.lib.monash.edu/c.php?g=219786&p=1454474
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_tables_figures_and_examples.html

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APA Citation Guide (7th edition) : Powerpoint Presentations

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Powerpoint presentations - what do i need to cite, powerpoint presentations - where do my citations go, other digital assignments - where do my citations go, quick rules for an apa reference list.

Your research paper ends with a list of all the sources cited in the text of the paper. Here are nine quick rules for this Reference list.

• Start a new page for your Reference list. Centre the title, References, at the top of the page.
• Double-space the list.
• Start the first line of each reference at the left margin; indent each subsequent line five spaces (a hanging indent).
• Put your list in alphabetical order. Alphabetize the list by the first word in the reference. In most cases, the first word will be the author’s last name. Where the author is unknown, alphabetize by the first word in the title, ignoring the words a, an, the.
• For each author, give the last name followed by a comma and the first (and middle, if listed) initials followed by periods.
• Italicize the titles of these works: books, audiovisual material, internet documents and newspapers, and the title and volume number of journals and magazines.
• Do not italicize titles of most parts of works, such as: articles from newspapers, magazines, or journals / essays, poems, short stories or chapter titles from a book / chapters or sections of an Internet document.
• In titles of non-periodicals (books, videotapes, websites, reports, poems, essays, chapters, etc), capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, and all proper nouns (names of people, places, organizations, nationalities).
• If a web source (not from the library) is not a stable archived version, or you are unsure whether it is stable, include a statement of the accessed date before the link.

What am I legally required to cite in my digital assignment?

According to the Copyright Act, you must cite the sources (images, videos, books, websites, etc.) that you used in your digital assignment ( 29.21(1)(b) ). You must cite the source (where you got the information from) and the creator of the content (if available). You must also make sure that any copyrighted materials you used in your assignment meet the conditions set out in section  29.21  of the Copyright Act. For a list of conditions and more information, please visit:  http://studentcopyright.wordpress.com/mashups/

What citation style do I use for the sources in my digital assignment?

There is no one required citation style, so please defer to your instructor's directions and citation style preference.

List your sources in a slide at the end of the Powerpoint presentation, with footnotes throughout your presentation as applicable.

You could also provide a print copy of the sources you used to those attending your presentation.

Seneca Libraries has the following recommendations for how to organize your list of sources for digital assignments. Please check with your instructor first:

Videos you create: 

List your sources in a credits screen at the end of the video.

Websites you create:

• For images, include a citation under each image using this format “From: XXXX” and then make the image a link back to the original image ( example  - picture of little girl). Or list the citation at the bottom of the web page.
• For quotes or material from other sources, include an in-text citation that links back to the original material ( example  – second paragraph).

Images you create: 

If possible list your sources at the bottom or side of the image ( example ). Otherwise, include a list of citations alongside the image wherever it’s uploaded (e.g. Flickr, Blackboard).

**Please note that the above are recommendations only and your instructor may have a preference and directions for how and where you list your sources for your assignment.**

If you don't receive specific instructions from your instructor, try to include your citations in a way that doesn't impact the design of your digital assignment.

For more information please contact Seneca Libraries copyright team at  [email protected]

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• Last Updated: Apr 15, 2024 11:26 AM
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How to Cite Images in a PowerPoint: APA Style Guide

Citing images in a PowerPoint presentation according to the APA format might seem tricky, but it’s quite straightforward once you know the steps. Essentially, you need to provide enough information for your audience to be able to locate the image themselves, including the creator’s name, the year the image was created, a title or description, and the source URL if applicable.

After you complete the citation action, the image in your PowerPoint will have a proper reference that follows APA guidelines. This enables your audience to track down the image source if they need to, and it ensures you are not infringing on copyright laws.

Introduction

When you’re whipping up a PowerPoint presentation, whether it’s for a class project, a business meeting, or a conference, using images can make your slides more engaging and informative. However, using images comes with the responsibility of proper citation. You can’t just pluck images from the depths of the internet without giving credit to the creators—it wouldn’t be ethical or legal.

Understandably, you might scratch your head thinking about the proper way to cite images according to the American Psychological Association (APA) format. Fear not, it’s not rocket science, and it’s crucial for academic integrity and respecting intellectual property rights. Remember, citing sources is not just a tedious task; it’s a way to lend credibility to your work and avoid the pitfalls of plagiarism.

Citing images according to APA is relevant not only to students but also to professionals and researchers who use visual aids to support their presentations. It’s a skill that, once mastered, will serve you well throughout your academic and professional career. So, let’s dive in and figure out how to get those citations picture-perfect!

The step-by-step tutorial to cite images in a PowerPoint according to the APA

The following steps will lead you through the process of citing images in your PowerPoint presentation according to APA guidelines.

Step 1: Find the necessary information for the citation

Identify the creator’s name, the year the image was created, a title or description, and the URL if the image is from an online source.

When you find an image you want to use, make sure to note down all the required information for the citation. If you’re using an image from a book or a magazine, the same rules apply—note the publication details.

Step 2: Place the citation on the slide with the image

Add a text box on the slide and input the citation information underneath or beside the image.

Make sure your text is readable against the slide background and is in a font and size that is consistent with the rest of your presentation. The citation should be discreet but still legible.

Step 3: Format the citation according to APA style

In the text box, format your citation as follows: (Creator’s Last Name, Year). If there’s a title, include it in italics, followed by the URL if applicable.

The APA style is pretty particular about formatting, so double-check you’ve got the right punctuation and italicization.

Additional Information

Citing images in your PowerPoint presentations is not just about avoiding plagiarism; it’s about building a presentation that is credible and professional. When you include citations, you show that you have done your research and you value the work of others. Additionally, APA citations are not set in stone; they are periodically updated, so make sure you’re using the most current guidelines.

Remember, when in doubt, provide more information rather than less. If you can’t find a date for an image, use “n.d.” for no date. If you can’t find the creator’s name, use “Anon” for anonymous. And if the image title is not available, provide a brief description in square brackets. Lastly, always check your institution’s or publisher’s citation policy, as they may have specific requirements.

• Find the creator’s name, year, title/description, and URL.
• Add a text box for the citation on the slide.
• Format citation in APA style: (Creator’s Last Name, Year).

Frequently Asked Questions

What if i can’t find the image’s creation date.

If the date is not available, use “n.d.” which stands for “no date” in your citation.

Do I need to cite images that are common knowledge or in the public domain?

Yes, you should still cite these images to acknowledge the source, even if they don’t require permission to use.

Can I place the image citations on a separate slide at the end of the presentation?

While it’s more common to place citations directly on the slide with the image, you can include a separate reference slide at the end if you prefer.

How should I cite an image that I created myself?

If you created the image, simply note that it is your own work. You can use the caption “Image created by the author” or something similar.

What if the image is from a print source, not online?

Follow the same steps, but instead of a URL, include the publication information in your citation (e.g., book title, magazine name, page number).

Citing images in a PowerPoint presentation according to the APA guidelines is an essential skill that upholds academic integrity and respects the work of creators. Proper citations not only prevent plagiarism but also support your credibility as a presenter. Remember, whether the images are from the web, a book, or created by you, they deserve to be cited correctly.

By taking the time to include accurate citations, you enhance the quality and professionalism of your presentation. As we continue to rely on visual aids to communicate complex ideas, let’s give credit where credit is due and cite images diligently.

Matthew Burleigh has been writing tech tutorials since 2008. His writing has appeared on dozens of different websites and been read over 50 million times.

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How to Cite Pictures in PowerPoint

Make sure creators get their due credit

What to Know

• macOS: Select Insert > Text Box > click and drag beneath image to create box, double-click inside box, enter text .
• Windows: Select Insert > Text Box > create box beneath image, double-click inside box, enter text .

This article explains how to properly cite pictures and graphic images taken or created by someone in PowerPoint. Instructions apply to PowerPoint 2019, 2016, 2013, PowerPoint for Mac, PowerPoint 365, and PowerPoint Online.

How to Cite Images in PowerPoint for macOS

To get started, navigate to the slide containing the image or images that need to be credited.

Failing to properly cite photos or other original images is not only unprofessional, but can also be a violation of copyright and trademark laws in some instances.

Select Insert , located towards the top of the PowerPoint interface.

Select Text Box .

Your mouse cursor should now be modified to contain the letter A inside of a black box. Click and drag directly under the image in question to draw a text box, which will contain your citation text. 

Don’t be too concerned with the specific dimensions of your text box at this point, as it can be easily resized after you’ve entered your citation details.

Double-click your new text box so a blinking cursor is displayed inside of it, signaling that you can begin typing.

To start, enter Figure 1.

If this example, we’ve typed Figure 1. since it’s our first citation in the document. For citing subsequent images, simply increase the number by one each time.

Highlight the text you just typed, then select Home , located in the upper left-hand corner of the PowerPoint window. 

Select Italic , located in the Font section of the PowerPoint ribbon, so your text is now formatted in italics.

Next, type a valid description of your image. 

To meet APA standards, your description should be typed in the form of a sentence.

Enter the following text after your description: Adapted from “,” . In most cases you should be able to obtain the image’s title from its source. If not, it can be replaced with the image’s subject and type of work.

For more details on AP Style, refer to the APA Style’s official website . 

Following the title, type " by , year the image was created, retrieved from ."

If your image was not obtained from the internet or you can't link to a direct web address, replace the URL value with an accurate source (i.e., Getty Images). 

If you’ve been granted permission to use the image in question, you may also want to include licensing or copyright information at the end of your citation. 

How to Cite Images in PowerPoint for Windows

You can also add citations to your slides in the web-based version of PowerPoint, which runs in any major web browser. The instructions are identical to the Windows version.

Go to the slide containing the pictures or images that need to be credited.

Select Text Box , located in the PowerPoint toolbar ribbon.

The appearance of your mouse cursor should now be modified. Select and drag directly under the image in question to draw a text box, which will contain your citation text. 

Your text box can be resized after you’ve entered your citation details.

Double-click your new text box so a blinking cursor is displayed inside of it, signaling you can begin typing.

For citing subsequent images, simply increase the number by one each time.

Highlight the text you just entered.

In Format , in the Font section, select Italic .

If your image was not obtained from the internet or you cannot link to a direct web address, replace the URL value with an accurate source (i.e., Getty Images). 

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How to Cite an Image in PowerPoint

Images can be a powerful tool in PowerPoint presentations, but it’s important to remember that using someone else’s images without permission or proper attribution can be a violation of copyright law. In this article, we will explore the importance of citing images in PowerPoint presentations and the different citation styles you can use. We will also provide step-by-step guides for citing images in APA, MLA, and Chicago styles, as well as offer tips for finding and using free and royalty-free images.

Table of Contents

Understanding Image Attribution and Why it Matters

Image attribution refers to giving credit to the original creator or source of an image. It’s important to understand the importance of image attribution because it helps to avoid copyright infringement. If you use someone else’s image without proper attribution, you could be violating their intellectual property rights. Proper attribution not only protects the creator’s rights but also demonstrates ethical and professional conduct on your part.

Additionally, providing proper image attribution can also help to build trust and credibility with your audience. By acknowledging the original source of the image, you show that you have done your research and are committed to providing accurate and reliable information. This can help to establish your reputation as a trustworthy source of content and can lead to increased engagement and loyalty from your audience.

The Importance of Citing Images in PowerPoint Presentations

Citing images in PowerPoint presentations is critical to give credit to the original creator. When you include images in your presentation, you are using someone else’s work, and it’s crucial to acknowledge that work properly. Proper attribution can also help you avoid plagiarism allegations and legal liabilities.

Additionally, citing images can also enhance the credibility of your presentation. By providing sources for your images, you are demonstrating that you have conducted thorough research and are presenting accurate information. This can help to build trust with your audience and increase the effectiveness of your presentation.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Citing Images in PowerPoint

When citing images in PowerPoint, there are several common mistakes to avoid. One such mistake is not providing enough information about the image source. Another common mistake is not citing the image at all. If you fail to cite the image, you may be at risk of violating copyright laws and facing legal consequences.

Another mistake to avoid when citing images in PowerPoint is using low-quality or pixelated images. Using such images can make your presentation look unprofessional and can also affect the clarity of your message. It is important to use high-quality images that are relevant to your presentation and add value to your content.

Additionally, it is important to ensure that the images you use are not subject to any licensing restrictions. Some images may require attribution or may only be available for non-commercial use. It is important to read and understand the licensing terms before using any image in your presentation to avoid any legal issues.

How to Find the Source of an Image in PowerPoint

Finding the source of an image in PowerPoint is essential for proper attribution. One way to find the source of an image is to reverse image search using tools like Google Images. You can upload the image you want to use, and the tool will provide information about its source and creator. If you cannot find the original source of an image, it’s best to avoid using it.

Another way to find the source of an image is to use the “Properties” feature in PowerPoint. Right-click on the image and select “Format Picture.” Then, click on the “Alt Text” tab and look for the “Description” field. This field may contain information about the image’s source or creator.

It’s important to note that even if you find the source of an image, you may still need to obtain permission to use it. Some images may be protected by copyright laws, and using them without permission could result in legal consequences. Always make sure to properly attribute and obtain permission for any images you use in your PowerPoint presentations.

Different Citation Styles for Images in PowerPoint Presentations

There are different citation styles you can use to cite images in PowerPoint presentations. Three of the most common citation styles are APA, MLA, and Chicago. These citation styles have specific guidelines for citing images, and it’s important to follow them carefully.

When citing images in PowerPoint presentations, it’s also important to consider the source of the image. If the image is from a website, you should include the URL and the date you accessed the image. If the image is from a database, you should include the name of the database and the date you accessed the image. Additionally, if the image is your own creation, you should include a caption or title for the image to provide context for your audience.

Step-by-Step Guide to Citing an Image in PowerPoint with APA Style

Citing an image in PowerPoint using the APA style requires specific formatting. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

• Include the image in your presentation slide.
• Provide a brief title for the image and include it in brackets.
• List the creator’s name(s), year of creation, and title of the work in italics. If the image is from a website, include the URL.
• Include the type of image in square brackets, such as [Photograph], [Illustration], etc.
• Provide the source of the image in parentheses, including publication information and the rights holder’s name.
• Example: [Title of image] ([Type of image]). [Creator’s name(s)]. ([Year]). [Title of work in italics]. [Publication information]. [Rights holder].

It’s important to note that if you are using an image that you did not create, you must obtain permission from the creator or rights holder before using it in your presentation. Failure to do so could result in copyright infringement.

Additionally, if you are using multiple images in your presentation, it’s a good idea to create a separate slide at the end of your presentation that lists all of your sources. This slide should include the full citation for each image, as well as any other sources you used in your presentation.

Step-by-Step Guide to Citing an Image in PowerPoint with MLA Style

Citing an image in PowerPoint using the MLA style requires different formatting. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

• List the creator’s name(s), name of the image, date of creation, and medium. If the image is from a website, include the URL.
• Provide the title of the website, name of the publisher/sponsor, and the publication date. If the image has no title, provide a brief description of the image.
• Example: [Creator’s name(s)]. [Name of the image]. [Date of creation]. [Medium]. [Title of website]. [Publisher/sponsor]. [Publication date]. [URL].

It’s important to note that if you are using an image that you did not create, you must obtain permission from the creator or owner of the image before using it in your presentation. Failure to do so could result in copyright infringement. Additionally, it’s a good practice to provide a citation for any image you use, even if it is in the public domain or under a Creative Commons license.

Step-by-Step Guide to Citing an Image in PowerPoint with Chicago Style

Citing an image in PowerPoint using the Chicago style also requires specific formatting. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

• Provide the creator’s name(s), title of the image, medium, and date of creation.
• Include the title of the work, the publication date, and the URL if the image is from a website.
• Example: [Creator’s name(s)]. [Title of the image]. [Medium]. [Date of creation]. [Title of the work]. [Publication date]. [URL].

It’s important to note that if you are using an image that you did not create, you must obtain permission from the creator or owner of the image before using it in your presentation. Failure to do so could result in copyright infringement. Additionally, it’s a good practice to provide a citation for any image you use, even if it is in the public domain or you have obtained permission to use it.

How to Cite Multiple Images in a Single Slide in PowerPoint

If you need to cite multiple images on a single slide, you can use either a single reference or a separate reference for each image. If using a single reference, list the images’ titles in a bullet-point list, with the creator’s name(s), year of creation, and the image type. If using separate references, list each image below its corresponding reference according to the citation style you’re using.

It’s important to note that when citing multiple images on a single slide, you should also include a caption or description for each image. This helps to provide context for the image and allows your audience to better understand its relevance to your presentation.

Additionally, if you’re using images that are not your own, it’s crucial to obtain permission from the creator or owner of the image before using it in your presentation. This can usually be done by contacting the creator directly or by using a website that provides royalty-free images for commercial use.

Understanding Fair Use and When You Don’t Need to Cite an Image in PowerPoint

Fair use is a legal doctrine that allows for the limited use of copyrighted material without obtaining permission from the rights holder. However, the fair use exception is subjective and context-dependent, and there’s no guarantee that your use will be considered fair. In general, it’s best to avoid using copyrighted images without permission or proper attribution. If you are unsure whether your use of an image falls under the fair use exception, consult a legal professional.

How to Create Captions for Images in PowerPoint and Why It’s Important

Creating captions for images in PowerPoint is important because it helps to contextualize the image and provide information about its source. Captions should include essential information, such as the creator’s name(s), date of the image, and a brief description or explanation of the image’s relevance to your presentation topic.

Tips for Creating Better Presentations with Properly Cited Images

When creating presentations, it’s essential to use images effectively to support your message and keep your audience engaged. Here are some tips for creating better presentations with properly cited images:

• Choose high-quality images that are relevant to your topic.
• Include only essential information in the image caption.
• Avoid cluttering your slides with too many images, as this can be overwhelming and distracting for your audience.
• Use consistent formatting and citation style throughout your presentation.

Resources for Finding Free and Royalty-Free Images for Your Presentations

Finding free and royalty-free images for your presentations can be challenging, but several online resources offer a wide selection of high-quality images. Some popular resources include Pexels, Shutterstock, Unsplash, and Pixabay. Always check the terms of use before using an image, and provide proper attribution if required.

In conclusion, citing images in PowerPoint presentations is essential to avoid copyright infringement, give credit to the original creator, and demonstrate professional and ethical conduct. By following the guidelines and tips outlined in this article, you can create engaging and informative presentations that properly cite all images used.

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Referencing style - APA 7th: Images, tables and figures

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APA examples: Images, tables and figures

All images, figures and tables referred to in the text or reproduced in an essay, assignment or presentation, must be cited and included in your reference list. 

See this guides images, figures and tables tab to view how the attribution of these examples below are treated within the text. 

See  APA Style examples, Clip Art Image and  Artwork References  for general notes and more examples. 

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APA 7th Edition Guide

• Citing Sources in PowerPoint Presentations
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Citing Sources in PowerPoint Slides

• PowerPoint - In-text Citations
• PowerPoint - References List

Note:  APA does not have specific rules about the format of PowerPoint slides.  Rasmussen University does have recommended guidelines outlined below and in the attached PPT presentation.

PowerPoint slides  may   need citations, depending on what type of information is included on the slide.

If the text on a slide is a quote (someone else's words, verbatim) or someone else's ideas in the presenter's own words, then a citation is needed.

If the text placed on a slide is simply a word or phrase that represents a topic that the presenter will be discussing in greater detail, then a citation is not needed.

The table below includes two PowerPoint slides (left side). The column on the right tells whether or not the information would need to be cited and why.

Speaker Notes:  Some assignments require text in the Speaker Notes area of the PowerPoint slide. If information from a source is quoted, summarized, or paraphrased in that area, an in-text citation and reference will likely be required. Ask your instructor for clarification.

• Presentations & APA Citation Style at Rasmussen University Great resource to share with students if they are having struggles with APA in PPTs.

PowerPoint Slides - References

There are two ways to include the Reference list in your presentation:

• Coordinating reference lists are typically handed out during or after the presentation either in print if presenting in person, or electronically if presenting online. This is the preferred method of including a Reference list of the sources cited in your slide deck.
• Include a Reference list in the last slide of the presentation. This is an acceptable method if there are not many resources to include. Avoid adding so many resources to the list that the type is not legible to those attending the presentation

Creating the Reference List Slide

• If you use outside sources in your presentation (noted in your in-text citations), you must cite those sources on a References page/slide.
• Your Reference page can be created in NoodleTools, exported to Microsoft Word, and distributed or submitted with your slides to those who attend your presentation. Ask your instructor if they would like a Reference slide as the last slide of your presentation. Note that you may need more than one slide depending on how many references are needed.

See the slide deck below for more information.

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• Last Updated: May 31, 2024 11:23 AM
• URL: https://guides.rasmussen.edu/apa

TODAY'S HOURS:

Using Images in Research and Presentations

• Finding Images
• Using Images

Why Do I Need to Cite Images?

Creative commons attribution.

Citing all your sources of information and creative work you use is part of academic integrity. You are giving credit where credit is due.

In academic work, images should be followed by and attribution or in text citation whether that be in a note or caption immediately following the image or at the bottom of a presentation slide. A full citation should be found in your Works Cited or Reference List, though you might separate them out into an Image Credit List, depending on the style of citation you are using.

The 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association expended their explanations and examples of how to cite multimedia sources including multimedia materials. Examples of reference are found in Chapter 10 of the Manual and the following sections focus on multimedia sources

• 10.12 Audiovisual works (films, streaming videos, television series, etc.)
• 10.13 Audio works (music, podcast, radio broadcast, etc.)
• 10.14 Visual works (fine art, clip art, infographics, photographs, maps, etc.)
• 10.15 Social media (including Instagram posts).

A related section of the Manual is Chapter 7 which deals with the presentation of tables and figures, so the Manual shows you how images should be incorporated into your work in addition to how they should be cited; see Sample Figure 7.3 for how to include an attribution in the figure note.

Here is an example of how the following photograph (found through Pixabay) should be cited using the APA style.

stokpic. (2015, February 10). Blonde Girl Taking Photo [Photograph]. Pixabay. https://pixabay.com/photos/blonde-girl-taking-photo-629726/

Remember, the library has a copy of the Manual at the Reference Desk if you need to use it.

The 9th edition of the MLA Handbook Appendix 2 has several examples of works-cited-list entries and the examples of citing fine art and still images can be found on pages 331 - 333. The online  MLA Style Center  also has examples of image citations.

• Citations by Format | MLA Style Center Are you using any other types of information sources in your project? Find more examples of MLA citation styles here.

Here is an example of how the following photograph (found through Pixabay) should be cited using the MLA style.

stokpic. Blonde Girl Taking Photo. 10 February 2015.  Pixabay . pixabay.com/photos/blonde-girl-taking-photo-629726/

Remember, the library has a copy of the Handbook at the Reference Desk if you need to use it.

• Use & Remix - Creative Commons The "Use & remix" section of the Creative Commons website details how to properly attribute content licensed under a CC license. Attribution is a condition of all CC licenses. more info... less info... Creative Commons is a nonprofit organization dedicated to building a globally-accessible public commons of knowledge and culture. They provide Creative Commons licenses and public domain tools that give every person and organization in the world a free, simple, and standardized way to grant copyright permissions for creative and academic works; ensure proper attribution; and allow others to copy, distribute, and make use of those works.
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• Last Updated: May 28, 2024 5:45 PM
• URL: https://libguides.umflint.edu/images

APA Referencing 7th Edition

• In-text citations
• Journals, newspapers & magazines
• Books & eBooks
• Video & audio

Referencing tables & figures

Referencing images.

• Internet & social media
• Religious & classical works
• Interviews & personal communications
• Other sources

Reference list

• Printable quick reference guides

There are a few key things to remember when referencing images: Terminology - figures, images, tables [7]: Tables usually show numerical values or text arranged in columns or rows. Any type of illustration other than a table is referred to as a figure, for instance: charts, graphs, photographs or drawings. The terms figure and image are used interchangeably on this page. Copyright attribution [7.7]: For university coursework, you do not need to add a copyright statement to your reference. If you are publishing your work, please consult the APA's Publication Manual for guidance. Permissions [7.7]: For university coursework, you generally do not need to ask the author for permission to use the image - only a reference is needed. If you are publishing your work, or using images for non-educational purposes, see our Copyright Guide page on using images.

• Basic components
• Set up guides
• Sample papers
• Referencing in Powerpoint presentations

Basic components of tables and figures  

In-text referencing

In-text 

Hubbard et al. (2018, Table 1) show the effects of varying amount of managerial power on the role of board of directors...

As shown in Table 1, zone 3 and 4 are low population density regions...

Figure 2 shows the market share of the mining industry remained stable ....

.......the results of the survey (see Table 3).

.......after market comparison (see Figures 4 and 5).

In-text This romantic view of chivalry is also present in The Accolade (De La Sizeranne, 2012, p. 25), a prominent pre-Raphaelite painting.

The University Library has adapted an example research paper (more are available on the APA website - see link below) for the purpose of demonstrating how to display figures and tables within a document according to APA style. Please note that your course might have different formatting requirements than those presented here. Please check with your course coordinator for more information. This sample paper is not intended for those who are publishing their work (e.g. PhD candidates).

• Student paper example - APA 7th - Figures and Tables

• From a website
• Social media
• From a book
• From an eBook
• From a journal
• From a government doc
• Cip art or stock images

Table or figure - from a website

In-text (above displayed image)

Quokka, Western Australia's World Famous Wallaby

Note . From  Meet the quokka: Western Australia's world famous wallaby [Photograph] ,  by The Nature Conservancy Australia, 2020 ( https://www.natureaustralia.org.au/what-we-do/our-priorities/wildlife/wildlife-stories/meet-the-quokka/ ).

In-text (below displayed image)

The Nature Conservancy Australia. (2020).  Quokka, Western Australia's world famous wallaby ,  [Photograph].   https://www.natureaustralia.org.au/what-we-do/our-priorities/wildlife/wildlife-stories/meet-the-quokka/

Image from Flickr & Stock Images

Port of Fremantle

Note . From  Port of Fremantle  [Photograph] ,  by A.Chuan, 2011, Flickr ( https://www.flickr.com/photos/yevon/5459700844 ).

Chuan, A. (2010).  Port of Fremantle  [Photograph]. Flickr.  https://www.flickr.com/photos/yevon/5459700844

Image from Instagram, Facebook,Twitter, Reddit & TikTok

One Day in Fremantle festival poster

City of Fremantle. [@cityoffremantle] (2018, December 20). One Day returns for 2019, featuring Sydney-based singer-songwriter @actualmontaigne and soul singer @a.eagle with more to be announced soon [Poster] .  Instagram.  https://www.instagram.com/p/Brl65FOlbrH/

Table or figure - from a book

In-text (above displayed table)

Note.  From  Post-Truth Public Relations: Communication in an Era of Digital Disinformation  ( p. 5) by G. Thompson , 2020,

Routledge .

In-text (below displayed table)

Thompson, G. (2020). Post-truth public relations: Communication in an era of digital disinformation . Routledge.

Table or figure - from a chapter in an edited book

Global Perspectives ,  (2nd ed.,  p. 245 ),  2019,  Cam bridge University Press.

In-text (below displayed figure)

Wark, S. (2019). Public health: Planning and evaluation . In P. Liamputtong (Ed.). Public health : Local and global perspectives  (2nd ed., pp. 241-260) . Cambridge University Press.

Table or figure - from an eBook

Into the Storm: Ragnarok, End of Days  by Abraham  Anghik   Ruben

( https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dxh3 ) .

Lees, C. A. & Overing, G. R. (2019).  The contemporary medieval in practice . UCL Press.  https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dxh3

Table or figure - from a chapter in an edited eBook

Note . From "A Pilot Study of Mobile Learning in Higher Education in Samoa", by S. Ozawa and E. T. Ualesi, in A. Murphy, H. Farley, L. E. Dyson  and H. Jones (Eds.), Mobile learning in higher education in the Asia-Pacific Region:  Harnessing trends and challenging orthodoxies , (p. 562), 2017, Springer ( https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dxh3 ).

Osawa, S. & Ualesi, E. T. (2019). A pilot study of mobile learning in higher education in Samoa . In A. Murphy, H. Farley, L. E. Dyson  and H. Jones (E ds.) .  Mobile learning in higher education in the Asia-Pacific Region:  Harnessing trends and challenging orthodoxies   (2nd ed., pp. 241-260). Springer.  https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dxh3

Table or figure - from a journal article with a DOI

In-text (under displayed image)

Number of Indigenous Paintings Sold at Auction and Number of Artists with Who Generated the Work

Note. From “ Pre‐sale Information and Hammer Prices for Australian Indigenous Art ”, by L. Farrell and T. R.L  Fry, 2017 , J ournal of Political Economy ,  64 (5), p. 492 ( https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12136 ).

Farrell, L., & Fry, T. R. L. (2017). Pre‐sale information and hammer prices for Australian Indigenous art. Scottish Journal of Political Economy , 64 (5) , 483-500. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12136

Table or figure - from a government document

In-text (above displayed table)

Australia's Population by Country of Birth, 2018(a)

Note. (a) Estimates are preliminary. (b) Top 10 overseas-born countries listed for 2018. (c) Proportion of the total population of Australia. From  Migration , Australia  2017-2018  (No. 3412.0) by Australian Bureau of Statistics.

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2018). Migration, Australia  2017-2018  (No. 3412.0).  https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Latestproducts/3412.0Main%20Features22017-18

Photograph taken by you In-text (above displayed image)

Food Truck Businesses at South Beach, Fremantle.

Image created by you In-text (above displayed image)

Nursing Undergraduate Students by Age.

Table created by you In-text (above displayed table)

Please click on the link below for examples on referencing artwork

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• Next: Internet & social media >>
• Last Updated: May 29, 2024 12:27 PM
• URL: https://library.nd.edu.au/instruction/referencing/apa7

• Research Guides

Citing Business Sources in APA Style

7. citing sources in presentations.

• 1. About this guide
• 2. Citing references in-text
• 3. Citing sources in your reference list
• 4. Reference List Examples: Brock Library Business Databases
• 5. Reference List Examples: Statistical Sources
• 6. Reference List Examples: Audiovisual Sources

7.3: Using Reference Lists in Presentations

7.4: apa style powerpoint help.

• The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA Style) was designed to assist writers in preparing research papers (such as journal articles) and therefore does not actually contain any guidelines on preparing powerpoint presentations according to APA Style.
• Typically, if you are required to create a presentation according to APA Style, you should clarify with your professor if he/she actually just expects you to put your in-text citations and references in APA Style.

7.1: In-text citations in Presentations

• You can cite references within the text of your presentation slide using the same APA format for in-text citations (Author, Date) as in a written essay.
• Remember to cite sources for direct quotations, paraphrased materials, and sources of facts (such as market share data in the example slide).
• Your Reference List must include the sources cited on your presentation slides.

7.2: Using Images on Slides

If you use images, such as photographs or clipart, on your slides, you should also credit the source of the image. Do not reproduce images without permission. There are sources for clipart and images that are "public use" according to Creative Commons licensing such as:

• Flickr: https://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/
• Google Advanced Image Search allows you so filter results by usage rights (e.g., free to use or share):  https://www.google.com/advanced_image_search
• ClipSafari:  https://www.clipsafari.com
• Openclipart.org:  https://openclipart.org/
• Noun Project:  https://thenounproject.com   (free membership, must give credit to creator of icon following a specific format)

Photographs are treated as figures in APA Style. Therefore, the citation for the source of the image is included as a footnote in the figure caption underneath the photograph which includes the figure number and a description. The source of the image obtained is attributed using the following model:

Figure 1. Blah blah blah. From Title of Image , by Author, Year. Retrieved from URL.

Figure 1. Photograph of a sculpture in Cupertino, California. From Infinite Loop II by Kurafire (2007, January 3).  Retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/photos/kurafire/343629962/.

Another option for citing image sources is to create a separate slide titled "Photo credits" or "Image Sources". For more assistance on the various ways to cite images in presentations (but not necessarily in APA format), see:

• Image Citation Guide (UBC Copyright Office)
• How to credit photos (Photoshare.org). Provides examples of various ways to credit image sources in Powerpoint, on webpages, and in print materials.
• How to cite clip art or stock image references (APA Style website) Consult the APA Style site for the latest guidance on how to cite images according to the 7th edition.

Option 1: Create a References handout (recommended)

Option 2: Create a References slide (if you only have a few items in your list)

• use a large enough font (e.g., 24 points)
• limit to 12 lines of text on each slide

• Power up your PowerPoint (gradPSYCH at APA.org) Seven research-backed tips for effective presentations. Includes links to digital extras: "the worst PowerPoint presentation ever made" and "Comedian Don McMillan's PowerPoint pet peeves".
• << Previous: 6. Reference List Examples: Audiovisual Sources
• Last Updated: Apr 17, 2024 8:34 AM
• URL: https://researchguides.library.brocku.ca/APABusiness

Home / Guides / Citation Guides / Harvard Referencing / Harvard Referencing Style Examples / How to reference an image in Harvard style

How to reference an image in Harvard style

Referencing images can be confusing. Do you reference the photographer or the subject of the image itself? Do you include where you saw or found the image? What if you took the photograph yourself? This guide will help clear up the confusion!  

Below, the guide will cover how to cite images in different scenarios, both as an in-text citation and a reference. For each scenario, you will be given a citation structure, along with examples to illustrate each case.

Online images/photographs  

Today, finding and citing a digital or online image is simple. You’ll need the following information:

• Photographer’s name
• (Year published)  
• Title of the photograph, italizised
• Available at: URL (Accessed: the date you sourced the image)  

In-text citation structure and example:

(Photographer’s name, Year published)

Photographer’s name (Year published)

B.B. King’s beautiful Gibson semi-hollow body ES-355 guitar (Joseph, 2001) ……

Reference list structure and example:

Photographer’s Last Name, Initial. (Year published) Title of the photograph. Available at: URL (Accessed: the date you sourced the image)  

Joseph, J. (2001) Lucille. Available at: http://www.jackjoseph.co.uk/photo_23456.html (Accessed: 22 August 2016)

Online images/photographs from a curated collection  

As we know, the Internet has a vast repository of curated image collections, especially on sites like Tumblr, Pinterest and Instagram, to name just a few. The rules stay pretty much unchanged in this case, as well.  

You will just need to direct the viewer/reader to the source where you viewed or uploaded the image. You may cite relevant information about images sourced from such Internet collections as follows:

• (Year published)
• Title of the photograph/collection, italicized

Photographs by Gustavo Grandissimo (2015) …

Grandissimo, G. (2015) The heights of abstraction. Available at: https://instagram.com/theheightsofabstraction (Accessed: 10 August 2012)

Images without a listed photographer or artist  

You may cite information about images without a listed creator. You’ll need the following information:

• Title of the photograph, italicized

As you can see in the image of the controversial protest rally ( Up in arms , 2019) …

Title of the photograph (Year published) Available at: URL (Accessed: the date you sourced the image)  

Up in arms (2019) Available at: http://www.therevolutionbeat.com/protests/2019/image_34567.html (Accessed: 10 March 2019)

Prints or slides

A print refers to a printed reproduction of a popular work of art or image. A slide, on the other hand, is a transparent photograph that consists of chromogenic dyes mounted inside a plastic frame to be projected onto a large screen.  

Information needed:

• [Photograph]
• Place of publication: Publisher’s name, if available

The expanding mushroom cloud from the resulting blast was captured on that fateful day (Tanaka, 1945)

Tanaka, N. (1945) The day Fat Boy fell to Earth [Photograph]. Hokkaido: Kurosawa Publishers  

Images photographed by you

It is not necessary to provide a reference to a photograph or image if you are the creator. However, check with your tutor about the most appropriate way to present original images or photographs in your work.

If you need to reference an original image, you can use the following citation structure:

• Your name (Year published or taken)

…lays emphasis on the fact that the sun doesn’t need to be the focus of a picture (Koenig, 2019)

Your Last Name, Initial. (Year published) Title of the photograph [Photograph]  

Koenig, K. (2019) The sunset [Photograph]  

Published October 29, 2020.

Harvard Formatting Guide

Harvard Formatting

• et al Usage
• Direct Quotes
• In-text Citations
• Multiple Authors
• Page Numbers
• Writing an Outline
• View Harvard Guide

Reference Examples

• View all Harvard Examples

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APA 7th referencing style

• About APA 7th
• Printing this guide
• In-text references
• Direct quotations
• Reference list
• Author information
• Additional referencing information
• Using headings
• Book chapter
• Brochure and pamphlets
• ChatGPT and other generative AI tools
• Conferences
• Dictionary or encyclopaedia
• Government legislation

Images - from a website

Infographic, photographs, stock image or clip art, instagram photo.

• Journal article
• Lecture notes and slides
• Legal sources
• Newspaper or magazine article
• Other web sources
• Patents and standards
• Personal communication
• Press (media) release
• Secondary source (indirect citation)
• Social media
• Software and mobile apps
• Specialised health information
• Television program
• Works in non-English languages
• Works in non-English scripts, such as Arabic or Chinese
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• Last Updated: May 8, 2024 1:31 PM
• URL: https://guides.library.uq.edu.au/referencing/apa7

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• Acquisition of Marathon Oil Corporation is expected to be immediately accretive to earnings, cash flows and return of capital per share.
• ConocoPhillips expects to achieve at least $500 million of run rate cost and capital savings within the first full year following the closing of the transaction.
• Independent of the transaction, ConocoPhillips expects to increase its ordinary base dividend by 34% to 78 cents per share starting in the fourth quarter of 2024.
• Upon closing of the transaction, ConocoPhillips expects share buybacks to be over $20 billion in the first three years, with over $7 billion in the first full year, at recent commodity prices.

HOUSTON – ConocoPhillips (NYSE: COP) and Marathon Oil Corporation (NYSE: MRO) announced today that they have entered into a definitive agreement pursuant to which ConocoPhillips will acquire Marathon Oil in an all-stock transaction with an enterprise value of $22.5 billion, inclusive of $5.4 billion of net debt. Under the terms of the agreement, Marathon Oil shareholders will receive 0.2550 shares of ConocoPhillips common stock for each share of Marathon Oil common stock, representing a 14.7% premium to the closing share price of Marathon Oil on May 28, 2024, and a 16.0% premium to the prior 10-day volume-weighted average price.

“This acquisition of Marathon Oil further deepens our portfolio and fits within our financial framework, adding high-quality, low cost of supply inventory adjacent to our leading U.S. unconventional position,” said Ryan Lance, ConocoPhillips chairman and chief executive officer. “Importantly, we share similar values and cultures with a focus on operating safely and responsibly to create long-term value for our shareholders. The transaction is immediately accretive to earnings, cash flows and distributions per share, and we see significant synergy potential.”

“This is a proud moment to look back on what we achieved at Marathon Oil. Powered by our dedicated employees and contractors, we built a top performing portfolio with a multi-year track record of peer-leading operational execution, strong financial results and compelling return of capital to our shareholders - all while holding true to our core values of safety and environmental excellence. ConocoPhillips is the right home to build on that legacy, offering a truly unique combination of added scale, resilience and long-term durability. With its premier global asset base, strong balance sheet and laser focus on operational excellence, ConocoPhillips’ track record of long-term investments, differentiated shareholder distributions and active portfolio management are unmatched. When combined with the global ConocoPhillips portfolio, I’m confident our assets and people will deliver significant shareholder value over the long term,” said Lee Tillman, Marathon Oil chairman, president and chief executive officer.

Transaction benefits

• Immediately accretive: This acquisition is immediately accretive to ConocoPhillips on earnings, cash from operations, free cash flow and return of capital per share to shareholders.
• Delivers significant cost and capital synergies: Given the adjacent nature of the acquired assets and a common operating philosophy, ConocoPhillips expects to achieve the full $500 million of cost and capital synergy run rate within the first full year following the closing of the transaction. The identified savings will come from reduced general and administrative costs, lower operating costs and improved capital efficiencies.
• Further enhances premier Lower 48 portfolio: This acquisition will add highly complementary acreage to ConocoPhillips’ existing U.S. onshore portfolio, adding over 2 billion barrels of resource with an estimated average point forward cost of supply of less than $30 per barrel WTI.

Return of capital update

Independent of the transaction, ConocoPhillips expects to increase its ordinary base dividend by 34% to 78 cents per share starting in the fourth quarter of 2024. Upon closing of the transaction and assuming recent commodity prices, ConocoPhillips plans to:

• Repurchase over $7 billion in shares in the first full year, up from over $5 billion standalone.
• Repurchase over $20 billion in shares in the first three years.

“We remain committed to our differentiated cash from operations distribution framework of returning greater than 30% to our shareholders, with a track record of returning over 40% since our 2016 strategy reset,” added Lance. “We plan to raise our ordinary dividend by 34% in the fourth quarter and we will continue to target top-quartile dividend growth relative to the S&P 500 going forward. Additionally, we intend to prioritize share repurchases following the close of the transaction, with a plan to retire the equivalent amount of newly issued equity in the transaction in two to three years at recent commodity prices.”

Transaction details

The transaction is subject to the approval of Marathon Oil stockholders, regulatory clearance and other customary closing conditions. The transaction is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2024.

ConocoPhillips will host a conference call today at 10 a.m. Eastern time to discuss this announcement. To listen to the call and view related presentation materials, go to  www.conocophillips.com/investor .

Advisors Evercore is serving as ConocoPhillips’ financial advisor and Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz is serving as ConocoPhillips’ legal advisor for the transaction. Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC is serving as Marathon Oil’s financial advisor and Kirkland & Ellis LLP is serving as Marathon Oil’s legal advisor for the transaction.

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About ConocoPhillips

ConocoPhillips is one of the world’s leading exploration and production companies based on both production and reserves, with a globally diversified asset portfolio. Headquartered in Houston, Texas, ConocoPhillips had operations and activities in 13 countries, $95 billion of total assets, and approximately 10,000 employees at March 31, 2024. Production averaged 1,902 MBOED for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and proved reserves were 6.8 BBOE as of Dec. 31, 2023. For more information, go to www.conocophillips.com .

Dennis Nuss (media) 281-293-1149 [email protected]

Investor Relations 281-293-5000 [email protected]

About Marathon Oil

Marathon Oil (NYSE: MRO) is an independent oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) company focused on four of the most competitive resource plays in the U.S. - Eagle Ford, Texas; Bakken, North Dakota; Permian in New Mexico and Texas, and STACK and SCOOP in Oklahoma, complemented by a world-class integrated gas business in Equatorial Guinea. The Company's Framework for Success is founded in a strong balance sheet, ESG excellence and the competitive advantages of a high-quality multi-basin portfolio. For more information, please visit  www.marathonoil.com .

Karina Brooks (media) 713-296-2191

Investor Relations Guy Baber: 713-296-1892 John Reid: 713-296-4380

Forward-Looking Statements

This news release includes “forward-looking statements” as defined under the federal securities laws. All statements other than statements of historical fact included or incorporated by reference in this news release, including, among other things, statements regarding the proposed business combination transaction between ConocoPhillips (“ConocoPhillips”) and Marathon Oil Corporation (“Marathon”), future events, plans and anticipated results of operations, business strategies, the anticipated benefits of the proposed transaction, the anticipated impact of the proposed transaction on the combined company’s business and future financial and operating results, the expected amount and timing of synergies from the proposed transaction, the anticipated closing date for the proposed transaction and other aspects of ConocoPhillips’ or Marathon’s operations or operating results are forward-looking statements. Words and phrases such as “ambition,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “budget,” “continue,” “could,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “seek,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “expect,” “objective,” “projection,” “forecast,” “goal,” “guidance,” “outlook,” “effort,” “target” and other similar words can be used to identify forward-looking statements. However, the absence of these words does not mean that the statements are not forward-looking. Where, in any forward-looking statement, ConocoPhillips or Marathon expresses an expectation or belief as to future results, such expectation or belief is expressed in good faith and believed to be reasonable at the time such forward-looking statement is made. However, these statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and other factors beyond ConocoPhillips’ or Marathon’s control. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecast in the forward-looking statements.

The following important factors and uncertainties, among others, could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements: ConocoPhillips’ ability to successfully integrate Marathon’s businesses and technologies, which may result in the combined company not operating as effectively and efficiently as expected; the risk that the expected benefits and synergies of the proposed transaction may not be fully achieved in a timely manner, or at all; the risk that ConocoPhillips or Marathon will be unable to retain and hire key personnel; the risk associated with Marathon’s ability to obtain the approval of its stockholders required to consummate the proposed transaction and the timing of the closing of the proposed transaction, including the risk that the conditions to the transaction are not satisfied on a timely basis or at all or the failure of the transaction to close for any other reason or to close on the anticipated terms, including the anticipated tax treatment (and with respect to increases in ConocoPhillips’ share repurchase program, such increases are not intended to exceed shares issued in the transaction); the risk that any regulatory approval, consent or authorization that may be required for the proposed transaction is not obtained or is obtained subject to conditions that are not anticipated; the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstance that could give rise to the termination of the proposed transaction; unanticipated difficulties, liabilities or expenditures relating to the transaction; the effect of the announcement, pendency or completion of the proposed transaction on the parties’ business relationships and business operations generally; the effect of the announcement or pendency of the proposed transaction on the parties’ common stock prices and uncertainty as to the long-term value of ConocoPhillips’ or Marathon’s common stock; risks that the proposed transaction disrupts current plans and operations of ConocoPhillips or Marathon and their respective management teams and potential difficulties in hiring or retaining employees as a result of the proposed transaction; rating agency actions and ConocoPhillips’ and Marathon’s ability to access short- and long-term debt markets on a timely and affordable basis; changes in commodity prices, including a prolonged decline in these prices relative to historical or future expected levels; global and regional changes in the demand, supply, prices, differentials or other market conditions affecting oil and gas, including changes resulting from any ongoing military conflict, including the conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, and the global response to such conflict, security threats on facilities and infrastructure, or from a public health crisis or from the imposition or lifting of crude oil production quotas or other actions that might be imposed by Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and other producing countries and the resulting company or third-party actions in response to such changes; insufficient liquidity or other factors that could impact ConocoPhillips’ ability to repurchase shares and declare and pay dividends such that ConocoPhillips suspends its share repurchase program and reduces, suspends or totally eliminates dividend payments in the future, whether variable or fixed; changes in expected levels of oil and gas reserves or production; potential failures or delays in achieving expected reserve or production levels from existing and future oil and gas developments, including due to operating hazards, drilling risks or unsuccessful exploratory activities; unexpected cost increases, inflationary pressures or technical difficulties in constructing, maintaining or modifying company facilities; legislative and regulatory initiatives addressing global climate change or other environmental concerns; public health crises, including pandemics (such as COVID-19) and epidemics and any impacts or related company or government policies or actions; investment in and development of competing or alternative energy sources; potential failures or delays in delivering on ConocoPhillips’ current or future low-carbon strategy, including ConocoPhillips’ inability to develop new technologies; disruptions or interruptions impacting the transportation for ConocoPhillips’ or Marathon’s oil and gas production; international monetary conditions and exchange rate fluctuations; changes in international trade relationships or governmental policies, including the imposition of price caps, or the imposition of trade restrictions or tariffs on any materials or products (such as aluminum and steel) used in the operation of ConocoPhillips’ or Marathon’s business, including any sanctions imposed as a result of any ongoing military conflict, including the conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East; ConocoPhillips’ ability to collect payments when due, including ConocoPhillips’ ability to collect payments from the government of Venezuela or PDVSA; ConocoPhillips’ ability to complete any other announced or any other future dispositions or acquisitions on time, if at all; the possibility that regulatory approvals for any other announced or any future dispositions or any other acquisitions will not be received on a timely basis, if at all, or that such approvals may require modification to the terms of those transactions or ConocoPhillips’ remaining business; business disruptions following any announced or future dispositions or other acquisitions, including the diversion of management time and attention; the ability to deploy net proceeds from ConocoPhillips’ announced or any future dispositions in the manner and timeframe anticipated, if at all; potential liability for remedial actions under existing or future environmental regulations; potential liability resulting from pending or future litigation; the impact of competition and consolidation in the oil and gas industry; limited access to capital or insurance or significantly higher cost of capital or insurance related to illiquidity or uncertainty in the domestic or international financial markets or investor sentiment; general domestic and international economic and political conditions or developments, including as a result of any ongoing military conflict, including the conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East; changes in fiscal regime or tax, environmental and other laws applicable to ConocoPhillips’ or Marathon’s businesses; disruptions resulting from accidents, extraordinary weather events, civil unrest, political events, war, terrorism, cybersecurity threats or information technology failures, constraints or disruptions; and other economic, business, competitive and/or regulatory factors affecting ConocoPhillips’ or Marathon’s businesses generally as set forth in their filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The registration statement on Form S-4 and proxy statement/prospectus that will be filed with the SEC will describe additional risks in connection with the proposed transaction. While the list of factors presented here is, and the list of factors to be presented in the registration statement on Form S-4 and proxy statement/prospectus are considered representative, no such list should be considered to be a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties. For additional information about other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements, please refer to ConocoPhillips’ and Marathon’s respective periodic reports and other filings with the SEC, including the risk factors contained in ConocoPhillips’ and Marathon’s most recent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Annual Reports on Form 10-K.  Forward-looking statements represent current expectations and are inherently uncertain and are made only as of the date hereof (or, if applicable, the dates indicated in such statement).  Except as required by law, neither ConocoPhillips nor Marathon undertakes or assumes any obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information or to reflect subsequent events or circumstances or otherwise.

No Offer or Solicitation

This news release is not intended to and shall not constitute an offer to buy or sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any securities, or a solicitation of any vote or approval, nor shall there be any sale of securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such jurisdiction.  No offering of securities shall be made, except by means of a prospectus meeting the requirements of Section 10 of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.  

Additional Information about the Merger and Where to Find It

In connection with the proposed transaction, ConocoPhillips intends to file with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-4, which will include a proxy statement of Marathon that also constitutes a prospectus of ConocoPhillips common shares to be offered in the proposed transaction.  Each of ConocoPhillips and Marathon may also file other relevant documents with the SEC regarding the proposed transaction. This news release is not a substitute for the proxy statement/prospectus or registration statement or any other document that ConocoPhillips or Marathon may file with the SEC.  The definitive proxy statement/prospectus (if and when available) will be mailed to stockholders of Marathon.  INVESTORS AND SECURITY HOLDERS ARE URGED TO READ THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT, PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS AND ANY OTHER RELEVANT DOCUMENTS THAT MAY BE FILED WITH THE SEC, AS WELL AS ANY AMENDMENTS OR SUPPLEMENTS TO THESE DOCUMENTS, CAREFULLY AND IN THEIR ENTIRETY IF AND WHEN THEY BECOME AVAILABLE BECAUSE THEY CONTAIN OR WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THE PROPOSED TRANSACTION.  Investors and security holders will be able to obtain free copies of the registration statement and proxy statement/prospectus (if and when available) and other documents containing important information about ConocoPhillips, Marathon and the proposed transaction, once such documents are filed with the SEC through the website maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov .  Copies of the documents filed with the SEC by ConocoPhillips will be available free of charge on ConocoPhillips’ website at www.conocophillips.com or by contacting ConocoPhillips’ Investor Relations Department by email at [email protected] or by phone at 281-293-5000.  Copies of the documents filed with the SEC by Marathon will be available free of charge on Marathon’s website at ir.marathonoil.com or by contacting Marathon at 713-629-6600.

Participants in the Solicitation

ConocoPhillips, Marathon and certain of their respective directors and executive officers may be deemed to be participants in the solicitation of proxies in respect of the proposed transaction.  Information about the directors and executive officers of ConocoPhillips is set forth in (i) ConocoPhillips’ proxy statement for its 2024 annual meeting of stockholders under the headings “Executive Compensation”, “Item 1: Election of Directors and Director Biographies” (including “Related Party Transactions” and “Director Compensation”), “Compensation Discussion and Analysis”, “Executive Compensation Tables” and “Stock Ownership”, which was filed with the SEC on April 1, 2024 and is available at https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1163165/000130817924000384/cop4258041-def14a.htm , (ii) ConocoPhillips’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, including under the headings “Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance”, “Item 11. Executive Compensation”, “Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” and “Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence”, which was filed with the SEC on February 15, 2024 and is available at https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1163165/000116316524000010/cop-20231231.htm and (iii) to the extent holdings of ConocoPhillips securities by its directors or executive officers have changed since the amounts set forth in ConocoPhillips’ proxy statement for its 2024 annual meeting of stockholders, such changes have been or will be reflected on Initial Statement of Beneficial Ownership of Securities on Form 3, Statement of Changes in Beneficial Ownership on Form 4 or Annual Statement of Changes in Beneficial Ownership of Securities on Form 5, filed with the SEC (which are available at EDGAR Search Results https://www.sec.gov/edgar/search/#/category=form-cat2&ciks=0001163165&entityName=CONOCOPHILLIPS%2520(COP)%2520(CIK%25200001163165)) . Information about the directors and executive officers of Marathon is set forth in (i) Marathon’s proxy statement for its 2024 annual meeting of stockholders under the headings “Proposal 1: Election of Directors”, “Director Compensation”, “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management”, “Compensation Discussion and Analysis”, “Executive Compensation” and “Transactions with Related Persons”, which was filed with the SEC on April 10, 2024 and is available at https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/101778/000010177824000082/mro-20240405.htm , (ii) Marathon’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, including under the headings “Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance”, “Item 11. Executive Compensation”, “Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” and “Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence”, which was filed with the SEC on February 22, 2024 and is available at https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/101778/000010177824000023/mro-20231231.htm and (iii) to the extent holdings of Marathon securities by its directors or executive officers have changed since the amounts set forth in Marathon’s proxy statement for its 2024 annual meeting of stockholders, such changes have been or will be reflected on Initial Statement of Beneficial Ownership of Securities on Form 3, Statement of Changes in Beneficial Ownership on Form 4, or Annual Statement of Changes in Beneficial Ownership of Securities on Form 5, filed with the SEC (which are available at EDGAR Search Results https://www.sec.gov/edgar/search/#/category=form-cat2&ciks=0000101778&entityName=MARATHON%2520OIL%2520CORP%2520(MRO)%2520(CIK%25200000101778)) .

Other information regarding the participants in the proxy solicitations and a description of their direct and indirect interests, by security holdings or otherwise, will be contained in the proxy statement/prospectus and other relevant materials to be filed with the SEC regarding the proposed transaction when such materials become available.  Investors should read the proxy statement/prospectus carefully when it becomes available before making any voting or investment decisions.  Copies of the documents filed with the SEC by ConocoPhillips and Marathon will be available free of charge through the website maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov . Additionally, copies of documents filed with the SEC by ConocoPhillips will be available free of charge on ConocoPhillips’ website at www.conocophillips.com/ and those filed by Marathon will be available free of charge on Marathon’s website at ir.marathonoil.com/ .

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Information and Other Terms – This news release contains certain financial measures that are not prepared in accordance with GAAP, including cash from operations (CFO), free cash flow and net debt. CFO is calculated by removing the impact from operating working capital from cash provided by operating activities. Free cash flow is CFO net of capital expenditures and investments. Net debt is total balance sheet debt less cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. This news release also contains the terms enterprise value, cost of supply and return of capital. Enterprise value included in this release is calculated based on the sum of net debt as of March 31, 2024, and anticipated shares to be issued at the fixed exchange ratio of 0.2550 measured at ConocoPhillips' closing share price on May 28, 2024. Cost of supply is the WTI equivalent price that generates a 10 percent after-tax return on a point-forward and fully burdened basis. Fully burdened includes capital infrastructure, foreign exchange, price-related inflation, G&A and carbon tax (if currently assessed). If no carbon tax exists for the asset, carbon pricing aligned with internal energy scenarios are applied. All barrels of resource are discounted at 10 percent. Return of capital is defined as the total of the ordinary dividend, share repurchases and variable return of cash (VROC).

Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors – The SEC permits oil and gas companies, in their filings with the SEC, to disclose only proved, probable and possible reserves. We may use the term “resource” in this release that the SEC’s guidelines prohibit us from including in filings with the SEC. U.S. investors are urged to consider closely the oil and gas disclosures in our Form 10-K and other reports and filings with the SEC. Copies are available from the SEC and from the ConocoPhillips website.

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