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Your Guide on How to Become a Special Education Teacher

In the 2021-2022 school year, 7.3 million students—representing 15% of all public school students—received services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). 1 Special education teachers enrich the lives of students who face cognitive, physical, or emotional challenges by helping them access the general curriculum or develop essential life skills. Because of the unique needs of these students, it takes tremendous dedication and energy to be a special education teacher.

As highly-trained professionals, special education teachers balance meeting the needs of students in the classroom with managing the administrative work of creating and complying with multiple individualized education plans (IEPs). 2

Keep reading to learn more about what a special education teacher does and how you can obtain the education needed to become one.

What does a special education teacher do?

A special education teacher usually works in an elementary, middle, or high school to support students with dis/abilities. While special education teachers have many of the same duties as traditional teachers, because their students have additional needs, they also have additional responsibilities. 3 Some of the specific job requirements of a special education teacher are discussed below.

Develop Individualized Education Plans (IEPs)

An IEP is a legally-binding document outlining the educational goals, accommodations, and services a student with special needs requires to succeed academically. IDEA mandates that public schools offer a “free appropriate public education” to eligible students with dis/abilities. Schools must develop an IEP for each student who qualifies for special education services. Special education teachers work with parents, caregivers, and other professionals to develop an effective IEP for each student. 4

Plan lessons and adapt curriculum

Like other teachers, special education teachers plan lessons for the students in their classes. However, they have to adapt the curriculum to meet the needs of their students and comply with the IEP accommodations and goals.

Before adapting the curriculum, the special education teacher first identifies each student's unique needs—ranging from cognitive and learning challenges to sensory impairments and behavioral issues—covered in the IEP. The special education teacher then sets achievable learning objectives tailored to each student, providing a roadmap for what the adapted lessons should achieve.

Textbooks, worksheets, and other educational resources may need modification. For example, a student with reading difficulties might require audio books or simplified text, while a visually impaired student may need Braille materials. Special education teachers often work with professionals, such as speech therapists or occupational therapists, to incorporate their expertise into lesson plans. 5

Manage behavior

Special education students often face behavioral challenges that can interfere with their learning and social development. Special education teachers typically approach behavioral management by assessing the root causes of a student’s behavior. This may be done in conjunction with the student’s academic assessment.

They may consult psychologists or behavioral therapists to identify triggers, patterns, and underlying issues contributing to specific behaviors. As with academic goals, behavioral goals are often incorporated into a student’s IEP. 6

To help students meet their behavioral goals, a special education teacher may use techniques such as positive reinforcement, visual or auditory cueing, and social skills training. 7 They continuously assess the effectiveness of their strategies and make adjustments as needed, often revisiting and revising the behavioral goals set in the IEP.

Education requirements to teach special education

Becoming a special education teacher requires specialized training to develop the skills and knowledge needed to meet the needs of students with dis/abilities. The general process typically includes a combination of formal education and practical experience.

Bachelor’s degree

You can obtain a four-year bachelor of special education that offers general and special education coursework. A bachelor’s degree will generally cover not only general education, but also topics such as assessing students, modifying the curriculum and learning environment to meet their needs, and special education law. 8

Practical experience

As part of your bachelor’s degree, you’ll complete a practicum or internship for 16 weeks. 8 Through this experience, you’ll gain hands-on practice working with children with special needs with the supervision of an experienced special education teacher. The practicum usually begins with a period of observation, followed by a period of co-teaching or teaching small groups in the mentor teacher’s classroom. 9

State exams and certification

Each state has its own guidelines, and you can check with your state Board of Education to find the licensing requirements for your state. Many states use the Praxis II exams, which test your knowledge in specific areas. The special education Praxis II exam tests core knowledge and applications. The test includes 120 questions, and you have two hours to take it. It covers the following content categories: 10

• Development and Characteristics of Learners
• Planning and the Learning Environment
• Instruction
• Foundations and Professional Responsibilities

Graduate degree

If your undergraduate degree isn’t in special education, or you want to advance your career, pursuing a master’s degree can be an excellent option. A master’s in special education can open doors to specialized and higher-paying positions. 11

Board certification

National Board Certification is a voluntary process which establishes national standards for what teachers should know and be able to do. Teachers who want to pursue National Board Certification can apply to the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS). The certification process is demanding, but challenges teachers to grow and improve even further. 12

Exploring the opportunities and challenges for special education teachers today

Being a special education teacher is both rewarding and challenging. Most special education teachers work in public schools, but there are also ample opportunities in private schools. Private schools typically have different hiring requirements, and some might offer smaller class sizes or more specialized programs.

Job growth and salary for special education teaching careers

The demand for specialized educators remains high due to persistent shortages in the special education teaching field. 13 According to the U.S. Department of Education, 42 states and Washington, D.C. face a shortage of special education teachers. 13 Denise Marshall of The Council of Parent Attorneys and Advocates (COPAA) points out the repercussions, such as schools limiting crucial services in students' IEPs. 13

With an increase of 800,000 special education students over a decade and anticipated teacher retirements, there's an urgent call for more investment in special education training. 13

While the special education teacher salary varies based on location, experience, and education level, having advanced degrees or additional certifications can potentially increase earning potential and helps to ensure special education teachers are fully prepared for diverse classroom settings and the field’s unique challenges.

Collaborative efforts: How special education teachers work with general education teachers

A special education teacher works not only in traditional classroom settings but also in resource centers, residential facilities, and inclusive learning environments. They often collaborate with other teachers, especially general education teachers, to ensure that students with dis/abilities have access to the general education curriculum.

This collaboration is critical, as it allows for the integration of specialized techniques into the mainstream classroom, benefitting all students.

Additional training and endorsements

Beyond a bachelor's degree and state-required certification, many special education teachers opt for continuing education courses to stay updated on teaching methods, classroom management, and special education law. Some also pursue a special education endorsement, which further qualifies them to work with students with specific conditions like autism spectrum disorders.

The reward of teaching special education

Teaching special education is not just about following the education requirements; it's a profound commitment to shaping the futures of exceptional students. Special education teachers provide valuable resources and tailored support, ensuring that their students not only grasp the general education curriculum but also develop essential basic life skills.

Understanding the range of learning dis/abilities and conditions, from autism spectrum disorders to physical impairments, is paramount. This understanding allows these educators to craft individualized strategies, fostering environments where students develop both academically and personally.

Moreover, many special education teachers work collaboratively with other staff members and professionals. By teaming up with general education teachers, they ensure that special education students are integrated and have equitable access to learning opportunities in mainstream classrooms. Their role often extends beyond traditional classroom teaching, delving into areas of counseling, mentorship, and life coaching.

For those pondering on how to become a special education teacher, it's crucial to appreciate that the profession demands immense patience, empathy, and continuous learning. From navigating special education law to staying updated with innovative teaching methods, it's a career that calls for dedication and passion.

However, the rewards are immeasurable. Whether it's witnessing a student overcome a learning obstacle or being a pillar of support for families navigating the challenges of dis/abilities, the impact of a special education teacher is profound and lasting.

In this noble profession, educators don't just teach; they transform lives, ensuring that every student, irrespective of their challenges, has the tools and encouragement to succeed in the classroom and the broader world.

In conclusion, with the right training, passion, and dedication, you can truly make an impact in the lives of students as an exceptional special education teacher.

Advance your teaching career with KU, the leader in special education

If you’re ready to take the next step in becoming a special education teacher, the University of Kansas School of Education and Human Sciences offers the #1 Online Master's in Special Education program . 14 KU's experienced faculty members will help you develop the skills you need to become a leader in special education.

You can customize your learning path by choosing from one of four specialties, including:

• Autism spectrum disorder
• Leadership in inclusive and special education
• High incidence disabilities
• Secondary special education and transition

Contact one of our admissions outreach advisors today to learn more.

• Retrieved on September 25, 2023, from nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/cgg/students-with-disabilities#:~:text=In%202021%E2%80%9322%2C%20the%20number,of%20all%20public%20school%20students
• Retrieved on September 25, 2023, from careerexplorer.com/careers/special-education-teacher
• Retrieved on September 25, 2023, from bls.gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/special-education-teachers.htm#tab-2
• Retrieved on September 25, 2023, from www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/edlite-FAPE504.html
• Retrieved on September 25, 2023, from fullspedahead.com/9-ways-to-adapt-curriculum-in-special-education/
• Retrieved on September 25, 2023, from behaviorist.com/what-is-a-functional-behavior-assessment-fba-in-special-education
• Retrieved on September 25, 2023, from insightstobehavior.com/blog/special-education-classroom-behavior-management-strategies-k12
• Retrieved on September 25, 2023, from indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/how-to-become-a-special-education-teacher
• Retrieved on September 25, 2023, from files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ937171.pdf
• Retrieved on September 25, 2023, from ets.org/content/dam/ets-org/pdfs/praxis/5354.pdf
• Retrieved on September 25, 2023, from epicspecialeducationstaffing.com/how-to-become-a-special-education-teacher-in-4-steps
• Retrieved on September 25, 2023, from nea.org/professional-excellence/professional-learning/teacher-licensure/national-board-certification
• Retrived on September 25, 2023, from disabilityscoop.com/2023/08/17/special-education-teacher-shortage-persists-nationally/30500/
• Retrieved on September 25, 2023, from usnews.com/education/online-education/education/online-special-education-rankings

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Teacher Certification Degrees » Teaching Career Center » Special Education Teacher Career Guide

Special Education Teacher Career Guide

• Author: Audrey Stoffle
• Expert Reviewer: Jacquelyn King
• Editorial Process

A special education (sometimes called SPED or shortened to special ed) teacher works with children of different ages who have a range of learning, cognitive, emotional, or physical challenges. This guide provides information on what special education teachers do, how to become one, and special education teacher salary and job outlook.

Table of Contents

• How to Become
• Schools and Certification by State
• Job Description
• Salary & Job Outlook

Additional Resources

Frequently asked questions, related pages, how to become a special education teacher.

Special education requirements in all states call for licensure to teach at a public school. Depending on the school, some employers require a master’s degree for special needs teachers, though others only require a bachelor’s degree . Teachers who are already certified and want to add a special education endorsement to their license, or people who already have an undergraduate degree in something else, may pursue a master’s degree in special education. While private schools usually require a bachelor’s degree to teach, they do not always require certification. To qualify for licensure to teach in public schools, the degree must typically include a teacher preparation program approved by the state in which it is located. The most common pathway toward a career in teaching special education is:

• Earn a state-approved bachelor’s degree or master’s degree in special education.
• Complete a student teaching internship in a special education classroom.
• Take your state’s required tests for special education teachers.
• Apply for your teaching license.
• Begin applying to open special education positions.

Traditional and online bachelor’s degree programs in special education require coursework in methods, foundations of education, assessment, assistive technology, special education law, and planning and curriculum focused on special needs. Most states require student teaching placement in a classroom for teacher licensure in this area. Certification in special education also requires tests in general content and special education, though exam requirements vary depending on the certifying state.

Some states offer alternative licensure programs for prospective teachers, though in many cases special education is not an approved career track through alternative certification due to the intensive preparation required to work with children with differing needs. To find out how to get your master’s in special education online, see our online master’s in special education guide .

Education Schools and Certification by State

Each state has its own process for becoming a teacher. Below, you will find schools in your state that offer teacher preparation programs, as well as information on traditional and alternative certification pathways specific to your state.

Special Education Teacher Job Description

The role of a special education teacher includes assisting general education teachers in identifying and assessing children who may have disabilities or special needs. They then adjust lessons to fit the needs of each child as part of Individualized Education Programs (IEPs). Since they are responsible for instructing students with a broad range of disabilities, developing IEPs is important for these teachers. One child may require flashcards for sharpening math skills or focused attention on reading, while another may require a teacher to help with basic life skills, such as how to answer questions or follow instructions.

They may teach at the elementary, middle, or secondary school level at public or private schools, and their students range in ability. Some have their own classrooms where they teach one or more groups of students while others work in general classrooms, with special needs children learning alongside other students (“mainstreaming”). In some cases, the special education teacher may co-teach the class, or they may teach in support or breakout roles.

Common Tasks

Similar to teachers of other subjects, special education teachers plan lessons, instruct children, and assign activities to children. They also grade assignments and tests, track students’ progress, and meet with parents to discuss students’ abilities and challenges they may be facing.

Helpful Skills and Experience

Special education teachers need to be patient, calm, organized, inspiring, and accepting. The job requires interactions with children who differ in abilities and come from all types of backgrounds. Students who receive special education services have various needs that require special attention and understanding. Organizational skills, excellent communication and presentation skills, and sound decision-making skills are important for any prospective teacher. Teachers with prior experience in teaching, especially of children with disabilities, will stand out from others.

Special Education Teacher Salary and Job Outlook

There are 498,040 special education teachers in the US, and the special education teaching profession is expected to see no job growth through 2032. 1 . Most public elementary, middle, and high schools, along with some preschools, hire special education teachers. The general national trend is that special needs children enrollment is increasing and qualified special education teachers with the right qualifications are in short supply. 1 According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual salary for a special education teacher was $62,950. Following is an employment, salary, and outlook breakdown of special education teachers:

• The National Association of Special Education Teachers (NASET) : NASET provides support for special education teachers, job listings, important news, and resources.
• The Council for Exceptional Children : An advocacy association for special education, this website provides information about professional development, policies and standards in the field, and other helpful resources for special education teachers.
• Special Education Blogs : Our list of special education blogs addressing issues in and methods of teaching learners with special needs.

Question : Do special education teachers get paid more than general teachers?

Answer : Nationally the average pay for special education teachers tends to be around the same as elementary, middle, and secondary school teachers focused on teaching the standard curriculum. 1,2,3,4 However, salary differences can vary greatly in different regions.

Question: Why do gifted students need special education?

Answer: Special education can be defined as education that is different from the norm, which can also extend to above-average learners such as gifted and talented students. These students are sometimes classified with disabled students under the larger umbrella of exceptional learners. Exceptional learners may require or benefit from exceptional education, or education that is approached differently than that which takes place in the regular classroom. While most degree programs prepare traditional special education teachers differently than teachers of gifted students, there can be some overlap in coursework among these programs due to this correlation. See our Gifted and Talented Teacher Career Guide if you are interested in this type of career.

Question : Do special education teachers get summers off?

Answer : Like general education teachers, special education teachers typically work a 10-month school year, with two months off during the summer. Teachers’ schedules will vary according to their school’s schedules, but some also use those months to prepare lessons for the coming school year or to teach summer courses if they would like supplemental income.

Question : Can special education teachers teach regular classes?

Answer : That depends on the state and the school. Many states do not allow special education teachers to teach general education students, but others do. Also, private schools tend to have different standards. It is best to check with your state board of education.

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References: 1. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Special Education Teachers: https://www.bls.gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/special-education-teachers.htm 2. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2022, 25-2051 Special Education Teachers, Preschool: https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes252051.htm 3. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2022, 25-2052 Special Education Teachers, Kindergarten and Elementary School: https://www.bls.gov/Oes/current/oes252052.htm 4. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2022, 25-2053 Special Education Teachers, Middle School: https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes252057.htm 5. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2022, 25-2054 Special Education Teachers, Secondary School: https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes252058.htm 6. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2022, 25-2059 Special Education Teachers, All Other: https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes252059.htm

How to become a special education teacher

Is becoming a special education teacher right for me.

The first step to choosing a career is to make sure you are actually willing to commit to pursuing the career. You don’t want to waste your time doing something you don’t want to do. If you’re new here, you should read about:

Still unsure if becoming a special education teacher is the right career path? Take the free CareerExplorer career test to find out if this career is right for you. Perhaps you are well-suited to become a special education teacher or another similar career!

Described by our users as being “shockingly accurate”, you might discover careers you haven’t thought of before.

How to become a Special Education Teacher

Becoming a special education teacher involves specific education, certification, and experience requirements. Here are the general steps to become a special education teacher:

• Earn a Bachelor's Degree: Obtain a Bachelor's Degree in Special Education Teaching or a related field. Some states may accept a bachelor's degree in another subject along with additional coursework in special education.
• Complete a Teacher Preparation Program: Enroll in a state-approved teacher preparation program that focuses on special education. This program will include both coursework and a supervised student teaching experience in a special education setting.
• Gain Special Education Endorsement: Some states require special education teachers to earn an endorsement or additional certification specifically in special education. This may involve passing additional exams or completing specific coursework beyond the general teacher preparation program.
• Obtain State Certification or Licensure: After completing the teacher preparation program and any additional requirements, apply for state certification or licensure through the education department in the state where you plan to teach. Check the specific requirements for special education certification in that state.
• Complete Student Teaching in Special Education: During your teacher preparation program, participate in student teaching experiences in special education settings. This hands-on experience is essential for developing practical teaching skills.
• Pass Required Exams: Many states require teachers to pass standardized exams, such as the Praxis series, to demonstrate their knowledge of general education principles and, in the case of special education teachers, their understanding of special education concepts.
• Consider a Master's Degree (Optional): While a master's degree is not always required, some special education teachers choose to pursue advanced degrees for career advancement or to specialize in a specific area of special education.
• Participate in Professional Development: Engage in ongoing professional development opportunities to stay current with best practices in special education. Many states require teachers to accumulate continuing education credits to maintain their certification.
• Apply for Special Education Teaching Positions: Once you have obtained your certification, start applying for special education teaching positions. Look for job openings in school districts that align with your career goals and preferences.
• Prepare for Interviews: Be prepared for interviews where you may be asked about your experience working with students with disabilities, your understanding of special education laws, and your approach to individualized instruction.
• Build a Professional Network: Connect with other special education teachers, attend conferences, and join professional organizations to build a network of support and stay informed about developments in the field.

Certification In the United States, special education teachers are required to hold a state-issued teaching certification, which is granted after completing a specific set of requirements. Certification requirements can vary widely by state. It's important for individuals who are interested in pursuing a career in special education to research the requirements in their state to ensure that they meet all of the necessary qualifications.

Certification requirements typically include the following:

• Education Requirements: Most states require special education teachers to hold at least a Bachelor's Degree in Special Education or a related field. Some states may also require a master's degree.
• Teacher Preparation Program: Most states require that special education teachers complete a teacher preparation program that includes a combination of coursework and fieldwork. These programs typically cover topics such as assessment, curriculum development, instructional strategies, and classroom management.
• State Exams: Most states require that special education teachers pass state exams, such as the Praxis series, which assess their knowledge of teaching methods and content areas.
• Student Teaching: Most states require that special education teachers complete a student teaching or practicum experience, where they work under the supervision of an experienced teacher to gain hands-on experience in the classroom.
• Background Check: Most states require that special education teachers undergo a background check, which includes fingerprinting and a criminal history check.

In addition to these requirements, some states may also require special education teachers to complete ongoing professional development to maintain their certification. This may include attending conferences, workshops, or other training opportunities.

Online Resources There are a variety of online resources available for special education teachers that can be helpful for lesson planning, professional development, and staying up-to-date on the latest research and trends in the field. Some of the most popular online resources for special education teachers include:

• Council for Exceptional Children: The Council for Exceptional Children is a professional organization for special education teachers and provides a variety of resources, including webinars, articles, and discussion forums.
• National Center for Learning Disabilities: The National Center for Learning Disabilities provides resources for teachers, parents, and students with learning disabilities. Their website includes articles, webinars, and tools for creating individualized education plans.
• LD Online: LD Online is a website that provides resources for teachers and parents of students with learning disabilities. Their website includes articles, webinars, and a community forum.
• The Autism Society: The Autism Society provides resources for teachers and parents of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Their website includes articles, webinars, and a community forum.
• Teaching Tolerance: Teaching Tolerance is a project of the Southern Poverty Law Center and provides resources for teachers on diversity, equity, and inclusion. Their website includes lesson plans, articles, and professional development opportunities.
• Special Education Guide: Special Education Guide provides resources and information for special education teachers, including articles on classroom management, lesson planning, and teaching strategies.

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Online Master of Science in Education in Special Education

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Taking Giant Leaps to Improved Life-Long Outcomes

Exceptional children require highly skilled educators that can plan and administer special education curricula while facilitating a safe and effective classroom. Whether you are a licensed teacher, looking to become a teacher or licensed in Special Education we have a pathway for you.

Six learning pathways to meet your professional goals

1:1 Academic and Career Support

#13 best Online Master's in Special Education Program  U.S. News & World Report 2024 

20 months to complete 

Meet Your Career Goals Through Licensure and Non-Licensure Pathways

Expand your expertise and position yourself as a leader in the field. This advanced special education degree is for passionate educators who value all students and want to help them achieve their academic and behavioral potential.

You’ll learn to use the latest instructional, behavioral, and communication strategies with the latest technology and research to meet the unique needs of students with learning disabilities, mild developmental disabilities, emotional behavioral disorders and high functioning autism. Find more information on the licensure-only programs here .

Learning Pathways and Interventions

• Convenient online classes
• Interact with peers across the state and beyond in engaging online courses that are aligned to CEC 2020 Standards
• Add a Blended and Online Teaching License without additional courses
• Alignment with edTPA measures
• 1-on-1 support through a dedicated licensure office
• Assistance with field placement for student teaching and/or practicum

Click to see Program Roadmap for each Learning Concentration:

The programs listed below are for candidates seeking a Master's degree in special education with licensure and non-licensure options. Candidates looking for licensure only can learn more about the Special Education Licensure Only Program .

Master's Only:

• MSEd in Special Education — Non-Licensure

Initial Licensure (for teachers not currently licensed):

• MSEd in Special Education — Initial Mild Only Licensure
• MSEd in Special Education — Initial Mild & Intense Licensure

Additional Licensure (for teachers already licensed looking to add special education licensure):

• MSEd in Special Education — Additional Mild Only Licensure
• MSEd in Special Education — Additional Mild & Intense Licensure
• MSEd in Special Education — Additional Intense Only Licensure

Licensure Only:

• Special Education — Licensure Only

See the  courses page  for details.

Unsure of which path to choose? Access our pathway resource to determine which program and/or licensure is best for you.

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Hear directly from our directors of admissions, program directors and faculty to learn more about the program’s objectives, what it’s like to learn online, the resources we have to assist you throughout your education, and career paths after graduation.

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Complete Your edTPA

Purdue’s online special education programs incorporate the Education Teacher Performance Assessment (edTPA) measures. You’ll complete your program ready for this multi-measure assessment that requires new teachers to demonstrate the knowledge and skills needed to teach according to state and national standards – including:

• Common Core State Standards
• Interstate Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (InTASC)

As a graduate of Purdue's online special education program, you will be empowered to teach students effectively.

Attention Indiana Teachers!

Purdue’s Special Education program has been selected to receive funding by the Indiana Department of Education Indiana Special Education Assisted Licensure (I-SEAL) program for 2024. With documentation from your school district and the program director, candidates can apply to receive the ISEAL funds to pay program tuition costs after they begin the program. Request information to learn more.

Earn Additional Credentials as You Work Towards Your Degree

Purdue's Online Special Education Program offers candidates the opportunity to earn additional credentials while completing their advanced degree or licensure. Learn more about our Blended and Online Teaching State Licensure, Google and Apple Certification, and the Orton Gilligham Credential below. 

When you complete a non-intense intervention special education program online with Purdue, you'll graduate with the requirements to earn an Indiana licensure in Blended and Online Teaching. While not a stand-alone content area or exclusive to a specific age group, the online Blended and Online Teaching licensure prepares teachers for online and blended classrooms.

Purdue's non-intensive intervention online programs utilize Blended and Online Teaching standards along with International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) standards to develop specific competencies that students will master upon completing their programs. With this approach, additional courses or field experiences are not required beyond those in their current plan of study. Instead, these experiences will be modified to emphasize diverse learning environments.

The Apple Teacher certification and the Google Workspace for Education Certification material is integrated into the coursework of the program. Candidates are required to obtain the necessary technology to complete the material. In EDPS 57701, candidates will develop a portfolio that will showcase their certificates and competencies they collect throughout the program.

Learn more about Apple Teacher

Learn more about the Google Workspace for Education – Basic

The Orton Gillingham Online Academy is partnering with Purdue University to bring the OG Approach to pre-service teachers as a Master's degree requirement. The course ( EDPS 52400 - Effective Instruction For Students with Significant Reading Difficulties ) will explore significant reading difficulties, such a dyslexia, and essential components of effective reading instruction. This course will investigate scientifically-based reading research (SBRR), evidence-based and developmentally appropriate reading instruction and interventions to support students with exceptionalities.

Candidates completing this course will obtain an Orton Gillingham Certificate of Completion. This certificate may result in a candidate’s ability to secure an additional reading credential within his/her state.  Please contact your state’s Dept of Education or speak with your school district officials to see how this additional certificate will be viewed within their district/state.

We Build A Resourceful Community of Teachers

The online MSED in Special Education Faculty and Staff are committed to providing essential support to each candidate as they complete the program and move into a full-time role as a special education instructor. With a variety of resources and events offered through this program, candidates will be able to step confidently into a special education teacher role and provide an impactful learning experience to students with exceptional needs.

Mentor & Induction Program

Purdue's Mentor and Induction Program provides a series of seminars to help you connect content from course to course, integrate technology tools and provide networking opportunities beyond the classroom with alumni, guest speakers from the field, faculty members and course instructors and university supervisors.

Practicum & Licensure Support

Collaborate one on one with the Clinical Practice Coordinator to help you and your administration design a clinical practice experience(s) that works for your licensure area.

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Application Requirements

Admissions Requirements

Admissions decisions are based on individual experience and the applicant’s fit with the program.

To be considered for admission, students must complete a phone interview with an admissions advisor and submit a completed application as well as the following items:

• A bachelor’s degree from a regionally accredited institution with a 3.0 GPA
• An updated resume
• (3) letters of recommendation from individuals familiar with your abilities
• Two Statements
• Academic Statement of Purpose - View Prompts & Requirements
• Personal History Statement - View Prompts & Requirements
• Official transcripts from all universities attended, including transfer credits*
• Transcript Evaluation & Credential Review (TECR) – For All Licensure Track Applicants
• An application fee of $60 ($75 for international students)

*Coursework used to satisfy the requirements of a conferred master’s degree from an institution other than Purdue may not be used as transfer credit.

Licensing Info

Currently on an Alternative Special Education Licensure? As of July 1, 2022, many states, including the State of Indiana, are requiring permit holders to enter a professional license preparation program. Come see what Purdue can offer you!

Purdue’s special education online degree program is designed to give you the skills and training needed for licensure in the state of Indiana. The State of Indiana has a compact agreement with most states, meaning a student with a valid Indiana teaching license can obtain a license in another state. Specific coursework, testing, or grade point averages may be required.

For current information regarding out-of-state licensing, please visit the  National Association of State Directors of Teacher Education and Certification  (NASDTEC) website.

To learn more about each state’s requirements for licensing, please contact the Department of Education in your desired state or visit the  United States Department of Education website for license requirements and application procedures.

View additional information regarding licensing .

View additional information regarding accreditation, standards, and program recognition .

In addition to the admission requirements noted on the first tab, international students must also provide the following information.

• Official transcripts from all universities attended in the original language as well as English translation for transcripts and diplomas not in English.
• Minimum Overall: 80
• Writing: 18
• Speaking: 18
• Listening: 14
• Reading: 19
• Minimum Overall: 6.5
• Writing: 6.5
• Speaking: 6.0
• Listening: 6.0
• Reading: 5.5
• Duolingo test scores that are less than two years old and meet the following requirements:
• Total score of 115 and 115 on each subscore 

How to Apply

Prior to starting your online application, you must first complete a phone interview with an admissions advisor. To schedule your phone interview, call 877-497-5851 .

Once you have completed your phone interview, you are ready to complete the  online application .

If you have any questions about filling out the application, contact us  online or call us at 877-497-5851 to speak with an admissions advisor.

Send All Other Application Materials To: Purdue University Online Programs Admissions Processing Center 851 Trafalgar Court, Suite 420  West Maitland, FL 32751

Tuition and Fees* for MS in Education in Special Education

Tuition and fees* (licensure).

*Additional program costs related to licensure, testing, course materials and books may apply depending on program track. Estimated additional costs over the course of the whole program ranges from $500–$2200 depending on the track and preference of book format, paper (higher end) or electronic (lower end). Tuition and fees are charged on a per credit hour basis and are subject to annual increases. Annual increases may change the total program cost. Purdue faculty and staff fee remissions may not be available to the online MSEd in Special Education program.

Career Outlook

Advance today.

If you would like to advance your teaching career and gain the skills necessary to become an effective special educator, discover the possibilities of distance learning through Purdue University online.

To learn more about the program, request more information or call 877-497-5851 to speak to an admissions advisor.

Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) in Special Education Combining Compassion With Your Passion

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100% online,* 8-week courses

Transfer in up to 75% of the degree total

Help Students with Special Needs with Liberty’s Online Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) in Special Education Degree

Are you looking for a career that combines your compassion and your professional drive to make a difference? Impact lives every day as a special education teacher. You can make in the lives of children and their parents while joining a fast-growing, in-demand field that improves the futures of students with special needs.

Liberty’s 100% online Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) in Special Education degree can prepare you to help special needs students learn and grow — all while taking steps to earn your teacher’s license after graduation. You can get hands-on training in your own community while you study learning disabilities, benefit from essential education theory, and learn adaptation techniques you can apply to your work in the classroom.

With Liberty’s 100% online bachelor’s in special education degree, you can meet licensure requirements and gain real-life experience without traveling to a traditional university campus.

Liberty University’s School of Education meets rigorous national standards for educator preparation set by the Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation ( CAEP ) . Additionally, our B.Ed. in Special Education program is one of the only 100% online programs preparing students for teaching licensure in the country — and the first one approved by the Virginia Department of Education (VDOE). By earning this degree, you will complete the content competencies, student teaching, and practicum requirements for special education licensure in the state of Virginia**.

*Some exclusions apply. Please refer to our exclusions page for more information.

**Upon successful completion of Liberty University’s Virginia state-approved Bachelor of Education program, you may apply for your teaching license in another state through reciprocity, which may or may not result in additional requirements based on your state’s Department of Education regulations .

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Why Choose Liberty’s Online Special Education B.Ed. Degree?

At Liberty University, our mission is Training Champions for Christ , and in keeping with that mission, we strive for excellence in everything we do. Our unique licensure-track special education program provides 100% online courses that are VDOE approved. With hands-on experience in a classroom near you, you can learn to apply teaching theory to real-world situations.

In our special education bachelor’s degree program, you will be immersed in a curriculum focused on the practical application of essential learning theories. Our professors have real-world special education experience and are passionate about helping you integrate biblical principles into your profession. Designed to give you maximum flexibility and convenience in a 100% online format, our online bachelor’s of special education degree can help give you the foundation you need to teach with excellence and integrity.

What Will You Study in Our Online B.Ed. in Special Education Degree Program?

Throughout your online bachelor’s in special education program, you will study current, research-based education theories and best practices that can equip you to work effectively with children who have special needs. You will explore philosophical, legal, and sociological principles of special education as well as essential learning theories, which can equip you to engage in research and scholarship. Based on this foundation of theory, the classroom practices you learn can help you manage your own classroom effectively and reach your students where they are.

Through this licensure track’s practicum and internship, you will work in a school in your area to get hands-on classroom experience that can help you apply theory to practice. This experience can help you meet Virginia licensure requirements and pursue reciprocity in your state.

Potential Career Opportunities

Liberty’s Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) in Special Education degree provides the possibility of obtaining a variety of education-related jobs, such as:

• Homeschool teacher
• Licensed special education teacher
• Private school teacher
• Special education curriculum coordinator

Featured Courses

• EDSP 323 – Special Education Law & Characteristics
• EDSP 363 – Behavior Management
• EDSP 413 – Inclusive Planning for Diverse Learners
• EDSP 473 – Assessment and Transition Planning for Diverse Learners

Degree Information

• This online bachelor’s degree program falls under the School of Education .
• View the Undergraduate Education Course Guides (login required) .
• This degree has required practicum and student teaching hours.
• A background check is required to obtain licensure in this program.
• Review our licensure information and resources .

Degree Completion Plan (PDF)

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• Tuition & Aid

Your success is our success, which is why we are committed to providing quality academics at an affordable tuition rate. While other colleges are increasing their tuition, we have frozen tuition rates for the majority of our undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs for the past 9 years – and counting.

To continue our mission of providing affordable education,  electronic textbooks are provided for all undergraduate courses at no cost to you. As a full-time student, this could save you an estimated $800-2,000 per year on textbooks!

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Admission Information for Online Undergraduate Degrees

Admission requirements.

• A non-refundable, non-transferable $50 application fee will be posted on the current application upon enrollment (waived for qualifying service members, veterans, and military spouses – documentation verifying military status is required) .
• Students may be allowed to enroll in up to 12 credit hours with Liberty with the submission of our High School Self-Certification Form (login required – you will first need to claim your Liberty Account ) .
• Unofficial transcripts can be used for acceptance purposes with the submission of a Transcript Request Form .

Applicants whose native language is other than English must submit official scores for the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or an approved alternative assessment. For information on alternative assessments or TOEFL waivers, please call Admissions or view the official International Admissions policy .

*Official high school transcript requirement may be waived with college transcripts from an accredited college/university showing at least 12 earned credit hours with an acceptable GPA.

Note: A 2.0 or above cumulative GPA is required for admission in good standing.

Transcript Policies

High school transcript policy.

Applicants may submit a High School Self-Certification Form in lieu of a final official high school transcript in order to enroll in up to 12 credit hours at Liberty University.

• Applicants may submit a college transcript showing 12 or more credits from an accredited institution and a High School Self-Certification Form in lieu of high school transcripts.

Students must submit official high school transcripts, or official college transcripts showing at least 12 credit hours earned with an acceptable grade point average (GPA) from an accredited institution, in order to register for additional courses.

The official high school transcript, GED requirement, and High School Self-Certification Form can be waived if the applicant has earned an associate degree or higher.

Final transcripts must reflect all coursework and final grades received for grades 9-12, a graduation date, and an overall GPA. (Mailed transcripts must be in a sealed and unopened envelope.)

Unofficial College Transcript Policy

Unofficial transcripts combined with a Transcript Request Form can be used for admission. Official transcripts are required within 60 days of the admissions decision or before non-attendance drops for the first set of matriculated classes, whichever comes first, and will prevent enrollment into future terms until all official transcripts have been received.

Before sending unofficial college transcripts, please make sure they include the following:

• Your previous school’s name or logo printed on the document
• Cumulative GPA
• A list of completed courses and earned credit broken down by semester
• Degree and date conferred (if applicable)

Official College Transcript Policy

An acceptable official college transcript is one that has been issued directly from the institution and is in a sealed envelope. If you have one in your possession, it must meet the same requirements. If your previous institution offers electronic official transcript processing, they can send the document directly to [email protected] .

If the student uses unofficial transcripts with a Transcript Request Form to gain acceptance, all official transcripts must be received within 60 days of the admissions decision or before non-attendance drops for the first set of matriculated classes, whichever comes first. Failure to send all official transcripts within the 60-day period will prevent enrollment into future terms until all official transcripts have been received.

Military Transfers

If you have military-only transfer credits (completed basic training and enlistment), you must request an official military transcript. Please go to the Military Transfer Credit webpage to request your military transcript.

International Applicants

If you are an international applicant, you may be required to have your international transcripts reviewed. Information regarding the transcript evaluation process for international students can be found by visiting NACES .

Admissions Office Contact Information

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Liberty University is dedicated to providing world-class educational experiences to military students across the globe.

Who May Qualify?

• Active Duty
• Reserve/National Guard
• Veterans/Retirees
• Spouses of Service Members and Veterans/Retirees
• Current Department of Defense Employees

Available Benefits:

• Tuition discounts – $250 per credit hour for undergraduate courses
• Additional discount for veterans who service in a civilian capacity as a First Responder (less than $565 per course) *
• 8-week courses, 8 different start dates each year, and no set login times (may exclude certain courses such as practicums, internships, or field experiences)
• Potential college credit for military training

*Not applicable to certificates.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does this program have any additional accreditation.

Liberty University’s School of Education meets rigorous national standards for educator preparation set by the Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation ( CAEP ) .

What kind of licensure might I be able to get with this program?

With our unique 100% online licensure track, you can complete your teaching licensure requirements and apply for licensure through the state of Virginia. You can then apply for reciprocity for equivalent licensure in other states.

Are there any special education grants for teachers?

Pursuing our online Bachelor of Education licensure-tracks may make you eligible for the Federal TEACH Grant .

Are there any requirements outside of the online classes for this program?

You will be required to receive hands-on experience with 90 required practicum hours and 1 semester of student teaching.

What kind of resources will I have access to as an online student?

Students enrolled in our online Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) in Special Education degree will have access to a wide variety of resources through Liberty’s research portal and extensive amount of electronic and print resources through the Jerry Falwell Library.

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Best Special Education and Teaching colleges in the U.S. 2024

Did you know that there’s a shortage of special education teachers in the U.S.? According to  American University , more than half of U.S. school districts struggle to find appropriately trained special education teachers, and this disproportionately affects high-poverty districts. 

If you’re thinking about a career working with the country’s most vulnerable student population, a job in special education teaching is both  rewarding  and very much in-demand today. These jobs can also pay reasonably well. Special education middle school teachers in California, for example, make a  median annual wage of $76,420 . The top 10% of earners in that demographic make about $106,130 per year. 

The first step toward a valuable job in teaching is finding the right  degree program .

Best Special Education and Teaching colleges in the U.S. for 2024

The special education program at Boston College provides a foundation for undergraduate students that want to become involved in helping children and adults with special needs in a classroom setting. Students interested in exploring this major learn how to communicate with and structure lesson plans for those with specific learning or physical disabilities. Undergraduates usually complete an on or off-campus internship at an elementary or middle school locally, which helps BC students develop professional relationships and references for when they graduate.

For students interested in pursuing a special education degree in Florida, the University of Florida offers a competitive track with ample professional observation opportunities at local middle and high schools in the Gainesville metro area. Undergraduates are advised to apply to internships during the special education program and in summer breaks to gain hands-on experience that will be invaluable when they apply for professional roles post-graduation.

Lipscomb University offers 3 Special Education and Teaching, General degree programs. It's a small, private not-for-profit, four-year university in a large city. In 2022, 56 Special Education and Teaching, General students graduated with students earning 50 Master's degrees, 4 Certificates, and 2 Bachelor's degrees.

The University of Georgia offers an undergraduate program in special education, which is the first step for students interested in teaching children with developmental limitations. It is common for students to take classes in psychology and early childhood development as an introduction to the broader field, along with hands-on classes to familiarize themselves with student interaction and communication. UGA offers a four-year path with opportunities to apply to internships at schools locally in Clarke County to gain real-world experience.

University of Maryland-College Park offers 4 Special Education and Teaching, General degree programs. It's a very large, public, four-year university in a large suburb. In 2022, 31 Special Education and Teaching, General students graduated with students earning 18 Master's degrees, 9 Bachelor's degrees, and 4 Doctoral degrees.

The University of Hawaii at Manoa’s special education program is a top destination for students interested in pursuing a career working with children and young adults with mental and physical disabilities. The university’s program offers classes on subjects like autism, severe disabilities, and applied behavior analysis. Students should expect a rigorous workload, extensive practicum observation time, and professional internships to further their experience. After graduation, learners are prepared to begin a special education teaching role in Hawaii.

For New York City residents with aspirations of pursuing a degree in special education, New York University (NYU) offers a four-year program designed to prepare students for jobs working directly with children with developmental difficulties and physical disabilities after graduation. Along with special education courses, students complete classes in psychology and literacy, as well as in-person internships at public schools in New York City to gain experience working in a classroom setting with students and practicing professionals.

The special education program at Towson University offers classes geared towards students preparing to enter into the field as a teacher, private tutor, or school resource officer. In the classroom, students have opportunities to study Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and can choose an early childhood education or elementary education track, depending on their preferences. Learners can also complete off-campus internships at public schools in the Baltimore metro to gain professional experience.

The University of Washington has a special education program that emphasizes courses in psychology and early childhood development and is structured to prepare students for classroom roles immediately upon completion of their bachelor’s degree. This program takes four years to complete and provides students with a range of local internship opportunities in the Seattle metro, along with seminars to provide professional observation and guidance before entering the workforce.

Texas Christian University’s special education program prepares students interested in working with children and adults with special needs including developmental and physical disabilities. This program requires courses that teach students how to assess student needs, communicate with learners, and structure lesson plans in a classroom environment. Classes are available both in-person and remote, though some courses may include in-person instruction at grade schools in the Fort Worth metro. Students at TCU typically attend practicum during their junior or senior year to further their professional experience before graduation.

Find local colleges with Special Education and Teaching majors in the U.S.

What is special education and teaching.

Special education teachers work directly with learners who possess a wide range of emotional, mental, learning, or physical disabilities. These professionals work in both public and private schools and utilize specialized assessment and instructional skills to meet the needs of their specific student population.

Special education refers to teaching students using methodologies that are tailored to their challenges, exceptional needs or learning disabilities. Special education professionals provide early intervention to infants and toddlers identified as having disabilities or developmental delays and also work with eligible school age. The most effective instructional strategies require training and expertise that most general education teachers are unequipped to provide.

Though every program is different, a master’s degree in special education generally addresses the most effective methods of teaching to the abilities of children with learning disabilities or cognitive or emotional delays. The programs are offered in-person, online, and as hybrids between the two. A master’s degree in special education generally takes two years to complete and arms teachers with the expertise, skills, and training they need to help special needs students learn and thrive. It also expands their opportunities for advancement, careers outside of the classroom, and higher compensation.

Special Education and Teaching Degree Overview

A special education teaching degree program prepares you with the hard and soft skills teachers need today. These skills include the critical thinking and assessment skills that special education teachers need to offer the best educational support for each learner. Excellent degree programs also help bring out and harness your best qualities, including creativity, patience, and a sense of humor, which helps foster a successful and comfortable learning environment for students with special needs.

Courses in Special Education Programs

Though each special education program will have its own curriculum based upon the priorities of its administration and its particular concentration, students considering a degree in special education can anticipate taking classes similar to those listed below:

• Introduction to the Exceptional Child
• Specific Learning Disabilities: Identification, Instruction and Assessment (LD)
• Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
• Emotional and Behavioral Disorder Identification, Management, and Assessment (EBD)
• Understanding and Teaching Students with Intellectual Disabilities (ID)
• Assessment/Program Planning and Evaluation for Children with Special Needs    
• Special Education Law          
• Reading Disorders: Assessment, Planning, and Instruction
• Research in Special Education
• Educating Young Children with Special Needs        
• Working with Gifted and Talented Students 
• Designing & Utilizing Assistive Learning Technologies

Skills Learned in a Special Education Program

Special education programs prepare graduates to help students with special needs achieve and succeed. This is learned through both coursework and research and results in graduates attaining invaluable skills, including:

• Recognizing and addressing challenging behaviors in applied settings and situations
• Lesson delivery across the autism spectrum
• Behavior modification in special needs students
• Help children develop social, emotional and behavioral wellness skills
• Deliver multi-sensory reading education to students with language-based learning disabilities
• Working collaboratively and creatively with others to deliver quality education to special education students

Master's Degree in Special Education and Teaching

Making the decision to become a special education teacher is a commitment to helping students realize their fullest potential. For the many students who receive special education services, fulfilling that commitment requires expertise in the instructional strategies tailored to their unique needs, and that is what a master’s degree in special education provides. 

Special education teachers with master’s degrees are in increasingly high demand and can earn significantly higher salaries than their colleagues with bachelor’s degrees. They are also positioned to easily transition into positions outside of the school setting. Potential non-education roles include diagnosticians and testers, counselors, case managers, and policymakers.

Master of Science or Arts in Teaching (MST or MAT) vs Master of Education (M.Ed.)

When investigating the various special education master’s programs available, you will find that each curriculum has its own particular focus. In addition to differences in concentration/specialization, students must also pick  between a master of science or arts in teaching (MAT or MST) degree or a master of education (MEd) degree . Though the distinction may sound like a matter of semantics, each has its own focus and facilitates a different career outcome. 

While both programs take approximately two years to complete, they diverge significantly when it comes to the content of the material presented. Students who choose to pursue a master of science or arts in teaching often plan on becoming better, more effective teachers. They want to learn new methods to educate their students and better understand their students’ needs and how best they can learn. These degrees make graduates better teachers.

By contrast, graduate degree candidates who opt for a  master’s in education  learn more about leadership and how the educational system works to serve students. Their work focuses as much on issues of ethics and collaboration as on understanding the learning differences of students requiring special education. This knowledge certainly serves to make them better teachers should they chose to remain in the classroom, but also prepares them for careers outside of the classroom.

What Can I Do with A Master’s in Special Education Degree?

After graduating with a master’s degree in special education, you will not only be eligible for higher compensation as a teacher but will also find yourself qualified to move outside of the classroom into other  meaningful, rewarding career paths . Special education teachers with master’s degrees provide invaluable guidance to countless agencies and organizations that are dedicated to meeting the needs of individuals with disabilities, including:

• School boards
• Government agencies
• Nonprofit organizations
• Private corporations

Having a master’s degree in special education can open the door to becoming a diagnostician or case manager, a consultant or program coordinator. Graduates also work in early childhood education, elementary education, and secondary education.

How Long Does A Special Education Graduate Program Take?

Students who pursue a master’s degree in special education should expect to spend 1-2 years on coursework completing roughly 30-to-36 credit hours made up of both classwork and, in some cases, a capstone project, practicum, or thesis. Specific program lengths vary upon whether students choose a full time or part time program, whether they opt for an online degree or in-person setting, and their educational background prior to the master’s program.

If an applicant to a program has not previously taught and/or does not have an undergraduate degree in education or a  teaching certification , they may also be required to complete prerequisite classes. Alternatively, those who have already attained a certain level of experience and have teaching certifications may be able to accelerate their degree completion, particularly if they select an online program.

Applying to Master’s in Special Education Degree Programs

Whether you’ve already been teaching students or you’ve decided to go straight from undergraduate school to a graduate program, applying for admission to a master’s in special education program requires meticulous attention to the selection of the program that most closely matches your goals and needs, the collection of required application material, and the submission of all needed documents to meet each school’s deadlines.

Admission Requirements for Special Education Master’s Programs

Each of the accredited programs that offer master’s degrees in special education has its own specific admission requirements, but there are commonalities among all of them that candidates for admission can expect. These include:

• Completed application form with associated fees
• Bachelor’s degree from a regionally accredited institution of higher learning with a minimum GPA of 3.0
• Official transcripts of undergraduate work
• A record of teaching
• Satisfactory writing skills demonstrated through a personal essay
• Valid teaching certificate
• Current resume

How Much Does a Master’s in Special Education Degree Cost?

The cost to attend a graduate program in special education varies greatly, with tuition costs ranging from under $10,000 to almost $70,000. Tuition is based on factors including:

• The program’s reputation
• The quality of the faculty
• Whether the curriculum is taught online or in-person
• Whether the student is pursuing the degree on a full-time basis or part-time basis
• Whether the degree is offered by a private college or public university
• Whether the student is from in-state or from out-of-state

When choosing a program to attend, students should weigh their priorities against the elements that add or subtract to costs. Keep in mind that by choosing an online program, students avoid the additional fees attributable to room and board.

Certification and Licensure in Special Education and Teaching

Master of special education licensure and certification.

There are several different types of credentials required to teach. Every state requires that educators have at least bachelor’s degree and hold a teaching license from their state, and some states now require that teachers pursue and attain a master’s degree within five years of starting their teaching career.

Any graduate of a master’s in special education program who has not previously been licensed will be well prepared to meet the student teaching standards their state requires. In addition to licensure, certifications are awarded following completion of both an educational curriculum and a certain level of hands-on teaching practice. These certifications may be for:

• Specific grade levels such as elementary or high school
• Secondary education
• Special education
• Specific subject areas

There is also a national certification board, the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, that awards certifications to teachers that meet their standards. Certification is voluntary but ensure that an individual teacher has met the high and rigorous standards set by the organization. The agency offers a special  “Exceptional Needs Standard” ideal for those who have earned a master’s degree in special education.

What Can I Do with a Degree in Special Education and Teaching?

There are many job opportunities in the public and private sectors for students interested in pursuing a career in special education, and a degree in this field can provide the foundation for the exciting opportunity to help special education students to learn and grow. 

A degree in special education includes classes like early childhood development, mental and physical disabilities, and lesson planning. Special education teachers must possess strong communication skills and an ability to structure lesson plans that provide stimulating and educational opportunities for their students with ranging cognitive abilities. 

To become a special education instructor, you typically need a four-year bachelor’s degree with on-the-job training to get familiarized with working with students in a classroom setting. Special education programs usually offer in-person coursework due to the personal nature of the job, but there are online options for those interested in pursuing an associate’s degree. The  Bureau of Labor Statistics  projects that opportunities in this field will grow by 8 percent in the next decade, a much higher growth rate than other professions.

Earning an Online Special Education and Teaching Degree

Online master of special education vs. on-campus degrees.

Just a few years ago, the idea of earning a graduate degree online was unheard of. But today, accredited colleges and universities offer high-quality programs in both online and in-person formats, and some of the best programs in the country are exclusively available online.

Because online education has progressed to the point where academic quality meets that of in-person classes, potential students can now make their decision based on what is best for them as individuals. When choosing, you should consider the following factors:

• Online education offers more flexibility and the ability to continue your personal and career responsibilities.
• In-person education offers more hands-on opportunities and more face-to-face engagement with your cohort.
• Online education is frequently less expensive, especially because you can learn at home rather than having to pay to commute, park, eat on or near campus, and potentially have to live on or near campus.

Many master’s in special education programs require that their students who are not currently teaching fulfill a minimum number of hours of in-person teaching experience in a special needs setting. If you are not currently a teacher and you’re considering an online program, make sure you understand each program’s requirements for in-person study and experience.

Special Education and Teaching Career and Salary Overview

How much do special education master’s graduates make.

According to the  National Council on Teacher Quality , earning a master’s degree provides first-year teachers with $2,760 more in than teachers who have only earned a bachelor’s degree. This pay differential grows with experience, topping out at an average of $7,358 more per year by the time a teacher reaches the maximum number of years of experience within their district’s pay scale.

Some school districts offer incentives that recognize a master’s degree as equivalent to several years of experience, while others offer compensation for higher education credits earned, whether they result in a degree or not. The larger the school district, the greater the difference tends to be. For example, the most experienced teachers with master’s degrees earn $36,716 more than bachelors-degreed teachers with the same level of experience in the Montgomery County Public School District in Maryland. 

Master’s in Special Education Degree Salaries and Career Outlook

A master’s in special education program provides graduates with the skills and knowledge needed to reach the children who require the most attention and help. That need goes far beyond the classroom, and so do the career opportunities. Here are a few of the positions that this degree makes possible, along with salary and job projections provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS):

Special Education Career Resources

If you are considering pursuing a degree in special education or would like more information on the support and resources available to those who have chosen a career in educating those with special needs, the following organizations offer a wealth of assistance.

• The National Association of Special Education Teachers
• The Council for Exceptional Children
• The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps
• National Organization on Disability
• National Center for Learning Disabilities
• The Office of Special Education Programs
• Special Education News

Special Education and Teaching FAQ

Should I get a Master’s in Special Education if I have a Bachelor’s in Special Education?

Many high-quality undergraduate teaching programs allow special education majors to focus on students with special needs. Though having a bachelor’s degree in special education opens the door to teaching this specific demographic, a master’s degree offers higher-level education focused on research, skill development, and leadership.

What can you do with a master’s in special education?

With a master’s degree in special education, you will be qualified to teach special education students as well as to be a leader in the creation, implementation and management of their education.

Is a master’s in special education worth it?

Earning your master’s degree in special education will not only add to your earning potential, it will also provide you with advanced leadership skills and improve your opportunities for advancement.

How much can you make with a master’s in special education?

The average income for a teacher with a master’s in special education is over $61,500, and other positions for which you will be qualified pay even higher salaries.

How long does it take to earn a master’s in special education?

It takes approximately two years to complete a master’s in special education program.

List of all Special Education and Teaching colleges in the U.S.

How to Become a Special Education Teacher

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Great teachers empathize with children, respect them, and believe that each one has something special that can be built on. Ann Lieberman

A career as a special education teacher will involve instructing students with emotional, physical and learning disabilities. Special education teachers may work with individuals of all ages from infants to adults. Their job will consist of helping their students develop problem solving, motor and social skills needed to complete their education and live independent lives. They may work with their students on personal and life skills in addition to academic curriculum and advancement.

Qualities of a Special Education Teacher

Special education teacher requirements include fantastic communication skills since they will be working with students, parents, and educators. They must be able to work in a one-on-one setting with students as well as in a group setting. Being able to meet the individual needs of their students is very important. Good computer skills and organization skills are important due to needing to keep detailed records of each student's progress. Being familiar with assistive technology devices in a classroom is a plus. An encouraging personality as well as the ability to be creative and flexible are all great qualities for a special education teacher.

Job Growth for Special Education Teachers

The employment growth for special education teachers is 3% at the national level for the 10-year period ending in 2029, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. This will vary according to which state you live in, however, and be driven by increased demand for special education services, and the need to replace teachers leaving their occupations.

All certified special education teachers in the United States must have at least a bachelor's degree and hold a state-issued license or certificate specific to teaching special education students. However, each state has their own specific licensing requirements.

Education Requirements for Special Education Teachers

Many universities and colleges offer special education degrees at the bachelor's, master's and doctoral levels.

Special education teacher degree classes will include gaining knowledge of disabilities like autism, downs syndrome, visual impairment and more. Students will also learn practical procedures for teaching science, math and reading skills to students who have special needs.

Specialized classes could examine topics like technology for differentiated instruction, low incidence disabilities and more. Special education teacher training will also include curriculum development courses and supervised classroom student teaching. Most special education teachers earn a degree in Special Education or Education .

Special Education Teacher Preparation Program

If your school does not offer a degree in special education, you can enroll in a special education teacher preparation program after receiving your degree. This type of program will lead you toward becoming a certified special education teacher. Licensure/certification can be attained through the completion of a teacher education program that is accredited by CAEP (Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation). Due to the high level of specialization among special education teachers, many states may require additional training before you can get a professional license.

Tests to Pass if you Want to Become a Special Education Teacher

Prospective special education teachers are also required to take and pass all special education content area assessments in order to obtain certification at the special education level. These standardized tests vary from state to state. Licensing and competency exams should be taken in the state where you wish to teach.

Find Information About Becoming a Teacher In Your State

Each state has different requirements for becoming a certified teacher. To find out specific requirements, click on your state.

• Connecticut
• Massachusetts
• Mississippi
• New Hampshire
• North Carolina
• North Dakota
• Pennsylvania
• Rhode Island
• South Carolina
• South Dakota
• Washington, DC
• West Virginia

Special Education Teacher by Degree Level

The tables and charts below break down the education level obtained as averaged across the U.S.

Data taken from BLS Educational attainment for workers 25 years and older by detailed occupation, 2010-11 (http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_table_111.htm)

Special education teachers will have students with learning, physical and emotional disabilities. Many special education students may have delayed motor and social skills and will need to be worked with in these areas on a daily basis. Special education students can range from pre-k to 12th grade, depending on your area of specialty.

Special education teachers will work with students who have a wide range of disabilities ranging from learning, physical, mental and emotional. They are responsible for adapting general education lessons to meet the needs of their students. Subjects taught include reading, writing and math as well as basic skills like literacy and communication techniques. Their students may have disabilities ranging from mild to moderate to severe.

Job Duty Requirements for Special Education Teachers

Special education teachers must be able to meet their students' needs to ensure that each individual student receives proper attention and the assistance needed to succeed in school and life. This may include providing one-on-one assistance in the setting of a general classroom, adapting materials, providing appropriate testing opportunities and more.

Special education teachers provide the families of their students the tools they need to grow as independent individuals in their communities. These teachers work with parents, other teachers and paraprofessionals to create individual education plans (IEP) for their students in order to help meet the individual needs of each child.

A complex and demanding career path, the role of the special education teacher is difficult to encapsulate briefly, given that every teacher's caseload of students looks very different from the next. While there are similarities between elementary to secondary, there are differences as well.

Becoming an Elementary Special Education Teacher

Often considered a generalist (though perhaps with special interest or training in one or two areas of need) elementary special education teachers work hard to ensure that students with special needs are able to achieve all their abilities dictate that they can. Elementary special education teachers:

• Work with students who have Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), autism, Asperger's syndrome, those who are blind, low-vision, deaf or hard-of-hearing, who have Central Auditory Processing Delays (CAP-D), physical disabilities, cognitive impairments or developmental delays.
• Spearhead the development of an Individual Education Plan each year as a working document for teachers, support staff, administrators, guardians/parents, and other professionals to contribute to in order to ensure best outcomes for students
• Outline accommodation and/or modification and/or alternate programming to classroom tasks
• Meet with parents/guardians and internal and external stakeholders for an annual review of IEP particulars and program goals, known as Identification, Placement, and Review Committee (IPRC) meetings
• Mentor and advise professional support staff such as speech pathology, audiology, interpreting, psychological assessment, occupational therapy, social work and medical services
• Ensure that accommodations or modifications during instructional time are also in place during assessments
• Create a transition plan from year to year, and from elementary to high school with post-secondary planning being a relevant goal and timeline
• Set academic and developmental goals for students to strive for - ensure that metrics are in place so that every success is measurable
• Communicate proactively and professionally about student assessment and behavior with teaching and non-teaching staff, individual students, their families and associated professionals, bearing in mind the impact of confidentiality regarding vulnerable persons
• Support the school's culture and practices for inclusion through extracurricular and co-curricular activities and staff leadership

Becoming a High School Special Education Teacher

Often considered a specialist (though perhaps a generalist due to diversity of need or size of school population) high school special education teachers work hard to ensure that students with special needs are able to achieve all their abilities dictate that they can, and then some. High school special education teachers:

• Assess student learning needs in the classroom on a holistic basis, taking into account the students current and past achievements, current cultural and familial framework, and future goals
• Spearhead the continuation of an accurate and effective Individual Education Plan each year as an editable working document for teachers, support staff, administrators, guardians/parents, and other professionals to contribute to in order to ensure best outcomes for student growth
• Act as a daily point of contact for internal and external stakeholders, including the student themselves as their individual need dictates
• Act as a friendly face and advocate, helping students learn the valuable skill of self-advocacy as they approach the end of high school
• Function as a resource for school to work transitioning
• Advocate for and promote students for extensive co-operative education placements both in and outside of the school
• Outline accommodation and/or modification and/or alternate programming to classroom tasks; keep rigorous metrics
• Proactively meet with parents/guardians and internal and external stakeholders for an annual review of IEP particulars and program goals, known as Identification, Placement, and Review Committee (IPRC) meetings
• Suggest beneficial reductions in support for the student to foster self-reliance, reduction in vulnerability, and independence
• Understand theories of adolescent development and how special needs may alter these developmental arcs
• Advocate on behalf of the student's needs to classroom teachers and administration, either individually and on an ad-hoc basis or in a more formal setting
• In-service teaching staff, support staff and administration on student behavior and general best practices for interaction and engagement
• Create a transition plan from year to year, and from high school to post-secondary education or job training. Ensure timelines are accurate; work backward from end-goal.
• Set academic and developmental goals for students to strive for - ensure that metrics are in place so that every small success is measurable

Certified special education teachers have many employment avenues open to them, including consultation, policy development, advocacy and administration.

Special education teachers can work in elementary schools, charter schools and private schools.

Public Schools

Public schools are required to admit any student who lives within the district, regardless of ability, ethnicity or socioeconomic backgrounds. In public schools, special education teachers tend to work with a diverse group of children with varying needs. Prospective public special education teachers are often required to apply directly to the district prior to seeking employment at a specific school.

Private Schools

Since private schools charge tuition for a child to attend, special education services are generally not free. Many smaller private schools do not even offer special education services. With that said, families of students with special needs may be required to hire a private one-on-one aide to assist the child. These schools are generally governed by a private school board or organization and may have religious affiliations.

If a prospective special education teacher is interested in teaching at a private school, they should check with the school in which they wish to teach to find out specific criteria. Many private schools do not have the same requirements for special education teachers as their public school counterparts. In some cases, relevant experience or a bachelor's degree will suffice.

Charter Schools

Charter schools are independent schools that do not require tuition. They have more flexibility than public schools, but are expected to perform better and have a greater accountability. Charter schools are typically smaller and more selective. They may have additional requirements for their education teachers. However, some charter schools may not have dedicated special education services. To inquire, contact the charter school of your interest.

NASET - National Association of Special Education Teachers: NASET is a national membership organization dedicated to providing support and assistance to those preparing for or teaching in the field of special education.

CEC - Council for Exception Children: The Council for Exceptional Children is the largest international professional organization dedicated to improving the educational success of children and youth with disabilities and/or gifts and talents.

IASE - International Association of Special Education: The IASE works to improve the quality of life and service delivery for all individuals with special needs.

NAPSEC - National Association of Private Special Education Centers: NAPSEC is a nonprofit association that supports access to appropriate special education programs with more than 200 programs nationally and over 400 at the state level through the Council of Affiliated State Associations.

The median annual wage for special education teachers was $61,030 in 2019, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, with entry-level teachers earning less than $40,730, and the highest 10% of experienced teachers earning more than $98,530 per year.

In addition to the salary, educators get great health and retirement benefits. Given the degree of specialty training that a special education teacher receives, he or she has an average salary that is somewhat higher than their mainstream counterparts, although private school teachers do earn less than public school teachers. Like other teaching roles, salaries are based mostly on experience and education.

Visit our Teacher Salary-What to Expect? page to find out more.

(Salary data for special education teachers reported by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics in May 2019. Figures represent state data, not school-specific information. Conditions in your area may vary. Information accessed March 2021.)

Special Education Teachers (Preschool)

Salary (2022) and job outlook (2012 to 2020) by state.

According to the published BLS data from 2022, the national average salary for Special Education Teachers (Preschool) is $69,620, with an estimated 22,970 being employed nationwide. Also, the job outlook growth projection from 2012 to 2020 is expected to increase by 16.2%.

Data taken from BLS Occupational Employment Statistics (http://www.bls.gov/oes/) for Special Education Teachers (Preschool) (SOC Code: 25-2051)

Salary (2022) By Largest Metropolitan Areas

Special education teachers (kindergarten and elementary school).

According to the published BLS data from 2022, the national average salary for Special Education Teachers (Kindergarten and Elementary School) is $68,580, with an estimated 195,010 being employed nationwide. Also, the job outlook growth projection from 2012 to 2020 is expected to increase by 6.2%.

Data taken from BLS Occupational Employment Statistics (http://www.bls.gov/oes/) for Special Education Teachers (Kindergarten and Elementary School) (SOC Code: 25-2052)

Free master's degree entices dozens of special ed teachers, but Florida needs thousands

Every special education teacher makes a big impact — but Florida public schools will need an extra 2,500 of them for the upcoming academic year. WLRN looks at a federally funded program at the University of Central Florida that offers a free master's degree in special education in exchange for a teaching commitment.

Walkers and wheelchairs line the hallways at UCP Bailes Community Academy, a K-8 charter school in Orlando where half of the students have disabilities.

UCP stands for "unlocking children's potential." The nonprofit UCP Central Florida runs this and seven other inclusion schools, where students with physical, behavioral or learning disabilities are integrated into general education classrooms as much as possible. They are also given the support and accommodations they need to succeed alongside their peers.

On this Wednesday morning in January, a class of nine students starts the school day with Haley Thrift. She delivers specialized instruction in core academic subjects, before sending them back to their inclusion classrooms at noon.

During her morning lessons, the class sang a song to help them learn the days of the week, and then they practiced yoga, all with the help of an occupational therapist and a speech therapist.

"There is still a need for those kiddos who have those higher intensity needs and behavioral needs to come into a smaller classroom," said Thrift, who has been teaching at the school for three years. Then, “they still get that social and emotional aspect with their typical gen-ed peers.”

While working full time and taking classes at night, Thrift earned her master’s in exceptional student education from the University of Central Florida as part of a federally funded program called Project Bridges. In return, she will teach students with disabilities for at least four years.

The U.S. Department of Education spends $115 million annually on programs similar to UCF's Project Bridges around the country. Federal data show more than 90% of recent scholarship recipients nationally are working in their field until they’ve met their service obligation. That's either two or four years later, depending on the student.

Project Bridges is one of the initiatives WLRN is reporting on in our series Role Call, examining taxpayer-funded programs that aim to reverse the ongoing and pervasive teacher shortage. Special education teachers represent the biggest need.

Many students with disabilities are taught by unqualified teachers

Across the country, there are more than 7 million K-12 students who require special education, and 15% of Florida students fall into that category.

State projections show Florida public schools are short 2,500 special education teachers for the upcoming academic year.

State data show during the 2022-23 school year, nearly 16% of courses for students with special needs were taught by teachers not certified in that field.

Since Project Bridges launched at UCF in 2015, 56 people have graduated from the program with special education degrees.

While the need for special education teachers is much higher than the program is able to meet, Oliver Edwards, chair of UCF’s Department of Counselor Education and School Psychology, argued every bit of progress counts.

“Our project may be somewhat small in the grand scope of things, but I think it really adds to what’s happening here in Florida in terms of increasing the quantity and quality of teachers and school psychologists in our schools," he said. "And if they only impact one, two, 10, 20 students, and change their lives for the better, that is a tremendous benefit for our state and for our nation.”

While the federal government reports high success rates from this and programs like it, officials do not track these teachers beyond their two- or four-year service obligation.

Kansas State University education researcher Tuan Nguyen told WLRN that’s a problem. In order to measure the effectiveness of these programs, he said we need to collect long-term data.

“In terms of keeping track of how much money do we spend, how long do they stay in the profession, where is the need the greatest…we have to be able to know these things in order to come up with solutions.”

Thrift, the Orlando teacher, knew as early as middle school that she wanted to work with students with disabilities.

“I took an elective course called 'future teachers,' and I was placed in the school’s autism unit, and from there, I just fell in love with working with individuals with special needs,” she said.

Earning a master's degree didn’t give her a huge jump in her salary — only 4% — from $50,500 to $52,500. But she said it made a big difference in her classroom performance.

“It changed my life in this field," she said. "It’s made a huge impact on my students and the way that I teach, so it’s definitely worthwhile.”

This story is part of Role Call, a WLRN project produced with support from the Education Writers Association.

Copyright 2024 WLRN 91.3 FM

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Free master's degree entices dozens of special ed teachers, but Florida needs thousands

Walkers and wheelchairs line the hallways at UCP Bailes Community Academy, a K-8 charter school in Orlando where half of the students have disabilities.

UCP stands for "unlocking children's potential." The nonprofit UCP Central Florida runs this and seven other inclusion schools, where students with physical, behavioral or learning disabilities are integrated into general education classrooms as much as possible. They are also given the support and accommodations they need to succeed alongside their peers.

On this Wednesday morning in January, a class of nine students starts the school day with Haley Thrift. She delivers specialized instruction in core academic subjects, before sending them back to their inclusion classrooms at noon.

During her morning lessons, the class sang a song to help them learn the days of the week, and then they practiced yoga, all with the help of an occupational therapist and a speech therapist.

"There is still a need for those kiddos who have those higher intensity needs and behavioral needs to come into a smaller classroom," said Thrift, who has been teaching at the school for three years. Then, “they still get that social and emotional aspect with their typical gen-ed peers.”

While working full time and taking classes at night, Thrift earned her master’s in exceptional student education from the University of Central Florida as part of a federally funded program called Project Bridges. In return, she will teach students with disabilities for at least four years.

The U.S. Department of Education spends $115 million annually on programs similar to UCF's Project Bridges around the country. Federal data show more than 90% of recent scholarship recipients nationally are working in their field until they’ve met their service obligation. That's either two or four years later, depending on the student.

Project Bridges is one of the initiatives WLRN is reporting on in our series Role Call, examining taxpayer-funded programs that aim to reverse the ongoing and pervasive teacher shortage. Special education teachers represent the biggest need.

Many students with disabilities are taught by unqualified teachers

Across the country, there are more than 7 million K-12 students who require special education, and 15% of Florida students fall into that category.

State projections show Florida public schools are short 2,500 special education teachers for the upcoming academic year.

State data show during the 2022-23 school year, nearly 16% of courses for students with special needs were taught by teachers not certified in that field.

Since Project Bridges launched at UCF in 2015, 56 people have graduated from the program with special education degrees.

While the need for special education teachers is much higher than the program is able to meet, Oliver Edwards, chair of UCF’s Department of Counselor Education and School Psychology, argued every bit of progress counts.

“Our project may be somewhat small in the grand scope of things, but I think it really adds to what’s happening here in Florida in terms of increasing the quantity and quality of teachers and school psychologists in our schools," he said. "And if they only impact one, two, 10, 20 students, and change their lives for the better, that is a tremendous benefit for our state and for our nation.”

While the federal government reports high success rates from this and programs like it, officials do not track these teachers beyond their two- or four-year service obligation.

Kansas State University education researcher Tuan Nguyen told WLRN that’s a problem. In order to measure the effectiveness of these programs, he said we need to collect long-term data.

“In terms of keeping track of how much money do we spend, how long do they stay in the profession, where is the need the greatest…we have to be able to know these things in order to come up with solutions.”

Thrift, the Orlando teacher, knew as early as middle school that she wanted to work with students with disabilities.

“I took an elective course called 'future teachers,' and I was placed in the school’s autism unit, and from there, I just fell in love with working with individuals with special needs,” she said.

Earning a master's degree didn’t give her a huge jump in her salary — only 4% — from $50,500 to $52,500. But she said it made a big difference in her classroom performance.

“It changed my life in this field," she said. "It’s made a huge impact on my students and the way that I teach, so it’s definitely worthwhile.”

This story is part of  Role Call , a WLRN project produced with support from the Education Writers Association.

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While our master’s degree programs incorporate various specializations, we also offer non-degree specialization and certification-preparation programs that are designed to satisfy the State Board for Educator Certification’s requirements in specific educational areas. The additional specialization training prepares teachers for the respective certification exams; all SBEC certifications require that a candidate pass a state test.

These advanced credentials are attached to the standard teaching certificate, so as a prerequisite to earning a graduate certification, a candidate must already hold a bachelor's degree and the initial teaching certificate. This degree program is designed for completion within two years. All program requirements for the graduate degree must be completed within six years.

The Urban Education program is designed for teachers of diverse student populations who wish to cultivate more culturally responsive classrooms. Educators explore the historical context of urban education and learn how culturally responsive curricula increase student outcomes, reduce student behavioral infractions, and enhance teacher-student relationships. The 4-course sequence can be taken as standalone professional development. The program's coursework can be applied toward SMU's M.Ed. degree.

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The Bilingual specialization is designed for teachers who work with students who do not speak English as their native language. Students who succeed in this four-course sequence are qualified to take the TExES (Texas Examination for Educator Standards) supplemental certification exam in bilingual education, a passing score on which qualifies them to work with students who do not speak English as their native language. The program's coursework can be applied toward SMU's M.Ed. degree.

The Special Education specialization is for practicing educators interested in working with students with special needs. Content mastery equips graduates to work with special-needs students; they are able to employ evidence-based practices, monitor response to intervention, individualize intervention based on assessed needs, understand special education law and policy, deliver positive-behavior support, and collaborate with the colleagues and families of special-needs individuals. The program's coursework can be applied toward SMU's M.Ed. degree.

The Mathematics specialization is for practicing educators who wish to advance their content knowledge or pedagogical skills for the purpose of teaching mathematics. Those who successfully complete the 4-course sequence will have to the skills and knowledge to model effective mathematics instruction, translate evidence-based research into classroom teaching, differentiate with diverse learners, and instill creative problem solving. The program’s coursework can be applied to SMU’s M.Ed. degree.

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Master of Arts

Teaching – Special Education Master's (K-12)

Leads to Teacher Licensure

Become a Special Education Teacher and Create an Inclusive Classroom

Teachers are vital for the future, and this is especially true for special education. Students in special ed programs need teachers who are well trained and who care about their success. This online special education master's degree program prepares you to become a teacher who can make a difference in the lives of your students. This degree program is perfect for current teachers who already have their license and want to add special education certification, and for those with a bachelor's degree who want to become a licensed teacher. Whatever your current career, this degree program can prepare you to become licensed in special education and get started in the classroom.

In this online master's degree program you will be trained in special education and prepared for teacher licensure in your state. In this cross-categorical program, you’ll be trained to teach students with varying disabilities (from mild to moderate) and learning needs, with ages ranging from grades K–12.

The special education program includes coursework, carefully designed assessments, and completion of clinical experiences. While you’ll study and submit your coursework online, you’ll also complete Student Teaching.

64% of graduates finish within 

WGU lets you move more quickly through material you already know and advance as soon as you're ready. The result: You may finish your teaching degree online faster.

*WGU Internal Data

Tuition per six-month term is

Tuition charged per term—rather than per credit—helps you control the ultimate cost of earning your teaching degree online. Finish faster, pay less!

Average salary increase

School of Education graduates report an average salary increase of $10,916 after completing their WGU degree.

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Special Education Courses

Curriculum that ensures you’ve mastered the skills you’ll need as a special ed teacher..

Program consists of 24 courses

At WGU, we design our curriculum to be timely, relevant, and practical—all to help you show that you know your stuff.

This online master's degree in special education provides you with the essential skills, knowledge, and field experience needed to become a special education instructor for students with mild to moderate disabilities. This degree program is also AAQEP and CAEP accredited and recognized.

The WGU special education master’s degree program was designed (and is regularly updated) with input from the experts on our  Education Program Council . These experts know exactly what it takes for a graduate to qualify for a successful career teaching elementary school students with diverse learning abilities and styles.

The M.A. Teaching–Special Education program at WGU is a mostly online degree program that you will complete by working and studying independently with support and instruction from WGU faculty.

This program comprises the following courses. You will typically complete them one at a time as you make your way through your program, working with your Program Mentor each term to build your personalized Degree Plan. You’ll work through each course as quickly as you can study and learn the material. As soon as you’re ready, you’ll pass the assessment, complete the course, and move on. This means that you can finish as many courses as you're able in a term at no additional cost.

Special Education Practices: Professional, Ethical and Legal Guidelines prepares candidates to apply practice within ethical and legal guidelines in day-to-day teaching, stakeholder interactions, and other complex situations. This course provides an overview of the professional ethics and standards from the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC), which guide candidates to act in a professionally conscientious manner. This course also explores the transition planning requirements in IDEA, which include development of an individualized transition plan and ensures that planning is initiated in elementary (such as from K to elementary), middle school and continued through high school and post-secondary education. Candidates will explore the legal foundations and case laws related to special education to gain understanding of how legislation influences teaching and learning. Candidates will advocate for improved outcomes for students with exceptionalities and their families while addressing the unique needs of those with diverse social, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds. Candidates will engage in three hours of preclinical experiences, which include an interview with a special educator to gain insight on how these topics affect and inform teaching practice. This course is designed to be taken after successful completion of Essential Practices for Supporting Diverse Learners.

Management Strategies for Academic and Social Behavior prepares candidates to work effectively with students exhibiting behavior in the classroom that is below age and cultural norms. This course provides an overview of behavior disorders and their causes, and appropriate research-based intervention strategies, including positive behavior intervention and supports, multitiered systems of support (MTSS), applied behavior analysis, replacement behavior and reward strategies, culturally responsive practices, and data collection and assessment methods. Candidates emerge prepared to strategize and recommend adjustments to the learning environment that support positive behavior and student success in the classroom and beyond. This course also examines behavioral assessment and analysis, including the creation of a functional behavior assessment (FBA) and the creation and monitoring of behavioral improvement plans (BIPs) in an authentic learning environment. The candidates will determine effective strategies to promote active student engagement, increase student motivation and opportunities to respond, and enhance self-regulation of student learning. This course is designed to be taken after successful completion of Creating and Managing Engaging Learning Environments.

Assessment and Evaluation Procedures in Special Education prepares candidates to use multiple methods of assessment and data sources in making educational decisions about the student and the learning environment. This course is designed to help provide an understanding of how assessment data is used during screening in multitiered systems of support (MTSS), the eligibility process, the evaluation process, progress monitoring, and data-based instructional decision making. Candidates analyze informal assessments to determine how students access and demonstrate knowledge in the core curriculum. This course is designed to be taken by candidates after they have completed Special Education Practices: Professional, Ethical, and Legal Guidelines.

Collaborative Techniques with Partners for Effective IEPs prepares candidates to apply team processes and communication strategies to collaborate in a culturally responsive manner with families, paraeducators, and other professionals (within the school, other educational settings, and the community) to plan programs and access services for students with exceptionalities and their families. The course introduces ways to enhance parental involvement and family engagement while teaching families and students advocacy throughout the Individualized Education Program (IEP) and transition planning processes. Candidates will develop plans for transition services that focus on a coordinated set of student-centered activities designed to facilitate the student's movement from school to post-school activities, including post-secondary education. This course also focuses on the components of the IEP and how the practice of effective communication and collaboration skills is key to the program's development and implementation. The candidates will actively seek information from and about families and take primary responsibility for maintaining respectful, ongoing, open communication to jointly identify and meet learning goals that are informed by assessment data. Candidates will engage in three hours of preclinical experiences that includes a simulated collaborative experience in which skills learned can be applied. This course is designed to be taken after successful completion of Special Education Practices: Professional, Ethical and Legal Guidelines.

Special Education Methods of Instruction and Intervention introduces candidates to a repertoire of evidence-based instructional strategies to advance the learning of students with exceptionalities. The course focuses specifically on strategies for intensifying and individualizing instructional interventions; making instructional decisions based on progress-monitoring data; collaborating with general education teachers and paraeducators; teaching to mastery; promoting generalization of learning; and teaching students with exceptionalities how to use self-assessment, problem solving, and other cognitive strategies to organize critical content and meet their needs. This course will also focus on the interrelationship between curriculum, instruction, and assessment, with emphasis on the role of assessment and student data in planning, designing, delivering, and modifying instruction in accordance with diverse learner needs. Candidates will know and understand how learning occurs, how students construct knowledge, acquire skills, and develop disciplined thinking processes. This course is designed to be taken after successful completion of Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment, Mathematics Methods and Instruction for Students with Mild/Moderate Disabilities, and Language Arts Instruction and Interventions.

Designing Instruction for Elementary Learners with Mild to Moderate Exceptionalities prepares candidates to use evidence-based instructional practices appropriate for elementary students receiving special education services. The course includes cognitive and metacognitive strategies that elementary students can use to acquire new content knowledge and generalize skills across learning environments. It also provides opportunities for candidates to incorporate intensive instructional strategies and practice making accommodations to elementary math, reading, and language arts lesson plans based on learner characteristics, performance data, and individualized education program (IEP) goals. In addition to discussing how to make appropriate accommodations, the course teaches candidates how to assess student learning through progress monitoring and apply intensive interventions when warranted. Candidates apply their understanding of academic subject content specifically focusing on reading, writing, and math curricula of the general curriculum to inform instructional decisions for individual with exceptionalities. Candidates design appropriate learning and performance accommodations and modifications for individuals with exceptional learning needs in academic subject matter content of the general curriculum curricula. This course is designed to be taken after successful completion of Special Education Methods of Instruction and Intervention.

Educational Psychology and Human Development of Children and Adolescents is a key component of WGU’s Professional Core and is a required course for all Master of Arts in Teaching candidates. This course introduces candidates to research-validated theories of human development and psychology, spanning from early childhood through adolescence, and their applications in teaching practice. Candidates will explore how linguistic, physical, cognitive, and social development influence the learning process and inform educational approaches. This course will also cover appropriate instructional and assessment strategies that can be used to support learning for developmentally diverse student populations. The course will culminate in analysis of learning theories related to educational psychology in order to develop a personal educational philosophy. Candidates will engage in four hours of preclinical experiences, which include virtual classroom observations from the perspective of educational psychology and learner development. Cross-cutting themes of technology and diversity are interwoven for further development.

Mathematics Methods and Instruction for Students with Mild/Moderate Exceptionalities helps candidates learn how to implement effective math instruction in today’s diverse classrooms in both the elementary and secondary settings. Topics include differentiated math instruction, mathematical communication, mathematical tools for instruction, assessing math understanding, integrating math across the curriculum, critical thinking development, standards-based mathematics instruction, and mathematical models and representation for students with mild to moderate exceptionalities.

Language Arts Instruction and Intervention helps students learn how to implement effective language arts instruction and intervention in the elementary classroom. Topics include written and spoken English, expanding students' knowledge, literature-rich environments, differentiated instruction, technology for reading and writing, assessment strategies for reading and writing, and strategies for developing academic language. There are no prerequisites for this course.

Elementary Reading Methods and Interventions provides candidates with an in-depth look at best practices for developing reading and writing skills. Course content examines the science of reading, the stages of and approaches to literacy development, differentiation, technology integration, literacy assessment, and Multitiered Systems of Supports (MTSS), including the comprehensive response to intervention (RTI) model used to identify and address the needs of learners who struggle with reading comprehension. This course is designed to be taken after successful completion of Introduction to Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment.

Schools as Communities of Care is a key component of WGU's Professional Core and is a required course for all Master of Arts in Teaching candidates. This course introduces candidates to strategies for providing a culturally inclusive learning environment that meets the social and emotional needs of learners while taking into account theories and philosophical perspectives on child and adolescent development and learning. Emphasis is placed on fostering a collaborative relationship with families, caregivers, and community stakeholders, and on leveraging community resources to support each learner’s growth and well-being to build a strong foundation for their academic and personal success. Topics addressed include culturally responsive practice, social and emotional learning (SEL), youth mental health, substance abuse, suicide awareness and prevention, abuse within families, and professional responsibilities to ensure student wellbeing. The course will culminate in evidence-based, practical application of strategies that support the whole child in a community of care. Candidates will engage in seven hours of preclinical experiences, include virtual observations of learning environments that involve parents and families in their children's education and an interview with an educational professional. Cross-cutting themes of technology and diversity are interwoven for further development.

Fundamentals of Diverse Learners is a key component of WGU's Professional Core and is a required course for all initial licensure candidates. This course prepares candidates to consider and address the wide range of learning needs in the classrooms of today. This course teaches candidates to identify and support the needs of diverse populations of learners, including, for example, students with disabilities (Including Dyslexia), students who are English language learners, and students who are gifted and talented. Practical strategies for differentiating instruction while creating a safe, inclusive, and culturally responsive learning environment are explored. This course helps candidates develop skills for partnering with parents and advocating for all students, particularly those impacted by provisions of IDEA and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Multitiered systems of support are addressed to prepare candidates for their future classrooms as they seek to select appropriate instructional practices and interventions to best serve their students. Candidates will engage in four hours of preclinical experiences that include a simulated teaching experience in which skills learned can be applied. Cross-cutting themes of technology and diversity are interwoven for further development.

Creating and Managing Engaging Learning Environments is a key component of WGU's Professional Core and is a required course for all Master of Arts in Teaching candidates. This course provides candidates with research-based strategies and approaches to establishing and maintaining a safe and productive learning environment that supports the success and well-being of all P-12 learners. Topics addressed include consistent routines and expectations, student engagement, positive behavior support, motivation and its effect on student achievement, active learning and self-direction, and fostering a sense of community through collaboration. Candidates will design a classroom management plan for their future classroom based on theory and high-leverage practices for meeting the diverse needs of learners in a productive and collaborative learning environment. The course will culminate in evidence-based, practical application of current strategies to motivate and engage students in specific content areas. Candidates will engage in seven hours of preclinical experiences that include both virtual observations of classroom settings and time in a simulated classroom environment where theory can be put into practice. Cross-cutting themes of technology and diversity are interwoven for further development.

Curriculum, Instruction, & Assessment is a key component of WGU's Professional Core and is a required course for all Master of Arts in Teaching candidates. This course provides candidates with theoretical foundations and strategies for creating engaging and standards-aligned lessons that meet the needs of all learners in the P-12 classroom. This course focuses on the interrelationship between curriculum, instruction, and assessment, with emphasis on the role of assessment and student data in planning, designing, delivering, and modifying instruction in accordance with diverse learner needs. This course will culminate in the application of evidence-based strategies related to the interdependence of and alignment among curriculum, instruction, and assessment in student-centered P-12 teaching and learning. Candidates will engage in three hours of preclinical experiences, which include conducting virtual classroom observations and recording a short teaching segment. Cross-cutting themes of technology and diversity are interwoven for continued development.

Using Educational Technology for Teaching and Learning is a key component of WGU's professional core and is a required course for all Master of Arts in Teaching candidates. This course presents strategies for integrating technology into classroom practices to improve instruction and student learning according to the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) standards. Candidates will evaluate digital tools and their potential classroom applications such as enhancing curriculum, enabling communication with students and families, and increasing student engagement. Topics covered include ethics, equity and access to technology, and appropriate use of technology by P–12 students. Assistive technologies to meet the needs of a diverse learner population also will be addressed. The course will culminate in evidence-based, practical application of current standards, strategies, theories, or philosophical perspectives related to the use of technology in teaching and learning. Candidates will engage in three hours of preclinical experience that include virtual observations of classroom practices incorporating technology to support educational goals. Cross-cutting themes of technology and diversity are interwoven for further development.

Secondary Reading Instruction and Intervention explores the comprehensive, student-centered Response to Intervention (RTI) assessment and intervention model used to identify and address the needs of learners in middle school and high school who struggle with reading comprehension and/or information retention. Course content provides educators with effective strategies designed to scaffold instruction and help learners develop increased skill in the following areas: reading, vocabulary, text structures and genres, and logical reasoning related to the academic disciplines. This course has no prerequisites.

Disciplinary Literacy examines teaching strategies designed to help candidates to develop the literacy skills necessary to read, write, and think critically while engaging content in different academic disciplines. Course content highlights strategies to help candidates distinguish between the unique characteristics of informational texts while improving comprehension and writing proficiency across the curriculum. Strategies to encourage inquiry and cultivate skills in critical thinking, collaboration, and creativity also are addressed. This course is designed to be taken after successful completion of the Introduction to Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment course OR Introduction to Instructional Planning and Presentation AND Instructional Planning and Presentation in Special Education.

Pre-Clinical Experiences in Special Education provides candidates the opportunity to observe and participate in a wide range of in-classroom teaching experiences in order to develop the skills and confidence necessary to be an effective teacher. Candidates will reflect on and document the 75 hours of in-classroom observation and experience in their performance assessments. Prior to entering the classroom for the observations, candidates will be required to include a cleared background check, passing scores on the state or WGU required basic skills exam and a completed resume.

Teacher Performance Assessment in Special Education course is a culmination of the wide variety of skills learned during your time in the Teachers College at WGU. In order to be a competent and independent classroom teacher, you will showcase a collection of your content, planning, instructional, and reflective skills. This course is eligible for an In Progress grade. Please see the Grading Scale Policy for more information.

Professional Portfolio requires candidates to create an online teaching portfolio that demonstrates professional beliefs, growth, and effective teaching practices from the Demonstration Teaching experience. The portfolio includes reflective essays (educational beliefs, professional growth, and collaboration with stakeholders) and professional artifacts (resume and artifacts with commentary on academic language, systems of student support, education technology, and professional communication with families) developed and acquired during Demonstration Teaching. This course is eligible for an In Progress grade. Please see the Grading Scale Policy for more information.

Cohort Seminar in Special Education provides mentoring and supports teacher candidates during their demonstration teaching period by providing weekly collaboration and instruction related to the demonstration teaching experience. It facilitates their demonstration of competence in becoming reflective practitioners, adhering to ethical standards, practicing inclusion in a diverse classroom, exploring community resources, building collegial and collaborative relationships with teachers, and considering leadership and supervisory skills. This course is eligible for an In Progress grade. Please see the Grading Scale Policy for more information.

Program consists of 24 courses

Professional Portfolio

Special requirements for this program

Your portfolio will include your résumé and Philosophy of Teaching Statement and serve as a way to showcase the skills you have acquired throughout your degree program and Student Teaching.

Skills For Your Résumé

As part of this program, you will develop a range of valuable skills that employers are looking for. 

• Lesson Planning: Successfully designed mastery-focused lessons for students with exceptionalities, fostering an inclusive and supportive classroom environment.
• Special Education: Successfully implemented personalized accommodations for students with exceptionalities, tailored to their individual characteristics and circumstances, leading to an inclusive and supportive learning environment.
• Classroom Management: Created a safe and caring classroom environment to promote optimal learning experiences.
• Teaching: Implement diverse learning opportunities for students to demonstrate their comprehension of subject matter.
• Professionalism: Engage in professional activities while adhering to relevant federal and state special education laws and regulations.
• Writing: Communicated ideas with clarity and precision through written communication techniques.

“I am SO much more marketable since I am officially licensed and have the degrees to back me up. I already had years of life experience. The official papers have given my more credibility.”

—Jessica McFarland M.A. Teaching, Elementary Ed & M.S. Special Education

WGU vs. Traditional Universities Compare the Difference

Traditional Universities

TUITION STRUCTURE

Per credit hour

Flat rate per 6-month term

Schedule and wait days or even weeks to meet with one of many counselors

Simply email or call to connect with your designated Program Mentor who supports you from day one

Scheduled time

Whenever you feel ready

Professor led lectures at a certain time and place

Courses available anytime, from anywhere

TIME TO FINISH

Approximately 2 years, minimal acceleration options

As quickly as you can master the material, can finish programs in under 2 years

You Aren't On Your Own

WGU has Program Mentors who work with you from the day you start, all the way through graduation. They help you chart your courses, answer your questions, and ensure you can go through your program. You're not alone when you choose an online degree at WGU.

Flexibility You Need

Students choose WGU for their online degree program because of its flexibility. Whether you already have a full-time job, have responsibilities as a parent, or just have a busy schedule, WGU can work for you.

Strong Alumni Network

When you enroll in an online master's degree program at WGU, you join an impressive network of teachers. Over 13,000 students graduated from the Teachers College in 2021 alone, taking their skills and impacting the educational system all around the United States.

Accredited, Respected, Recognized™

One important measure of a degree’s value is the reputation of the university where it was earned. When employers, industry leaders, and academic experts hold your alma mater in high esteem, you reap the benefits of that respect. WGU is a pioneer in reinventing higher education for the 21st century, and our quality has been recognized.

COST & TIME

When We Say Affordable We Mean It

By charging per six-month term rather than per credit—and empowering students to accelerate through material they know well or learn quickly—WGU helps students control the ultimate cost of their degrees. The faster you complete your program, the less you pay for your degree.

A Master's Degree Within Reach

There is help available to make paying for school possible for you:

The average student loan debt of WGU graduates in 2022 (among those who borrowed) was less than half* the national average.

Most WGU students qualify for financial aid, and WGU is approved for federal financial aid and U.S. veterans benefits. 

Many scholarship opportunities are available. Find out what you might be eligible for.

* WGU undergraduate students have approximately half the debt at graduation compared to the national average, according to the Institute for College Access and Success (2022).

FLEXIBLE SCHEDULE

A Different Way to Learn: Degree Programs Designed to Fit Your Life—and All the Demands on Your Time

Professional responsibilities. Family obligations. Personal commitments. At WGU, we understand schedules are tight and often unpredictable for adult students. That’s why we offer a flexible, personalized approach to how education should be. No rigid class schedules. Just a solid, career-focused principal preparation program that meshes with your current lifestyle. You'll be challenged. You'll work hard. But if you commit yourself and put in the hours needed, WGU makes it possible for you to earn a highly respected degree as a busy working adult.

"The BEST online school! The registration process is easy. There are numerous people there to help you. You are never alone and are supported every step of the way. If you are an independent achiever, this is the route to go!”

—Jacie Sambola M.A. Teaching, Special Education

CAREER OUTLOOK

With a Master’s in Special Education, You’ll Be a Vital Resource for Students with Disabilities

Find a rewarding career teaching students with diverse challenges. You’ll gain expertise in instructional design, IEP development, and behavioral management. Graduates of this program work in a variety of school settings, including inclusionary K–12 classrooms or resource rooms. Grade-level eligibility will depend on your state’s requirements.

The courses in M.A. Teaching–Special Education—based on effective instruction and national and state standards—are designed to help you efficiently teach kids from diverse backgrounds with a variety of learning disabilities. A special education teacher should be patient, engaging, supportive, and bright. If you possess these qualities, the next step is a proper education. You've come to the right place. You're on the fast track to the gratifying job of your dreams. 

Return on Your Investment

On average, wgu graduates see an increase in income post-graduation.

Average income increase from all degrees in annual salary vs. pre-enrollment salary. Source:  2023 Harris Poll Survey  of 1,655 WGU graduates.

Survey was sent to a representative sample of WGU graduates from all colleges. Respondents received at least one WGU degree since 2017.

Job demand for special education teachers is predicted to increase 4% through the year 2031.

—U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

WGU Has Alumni Teaching Across the Country

Graduates of WGU's online Teachers College have found meaningful, rewarding teaching careers in classrooms at:

• Inclusionary K–12 classrooms
• Middle/junior high schools
• High schools
• Private and charter schools

Impressive Class of Graduates

Graduates of the WGU Teachers College include recipients of many professional honors, including:

• Gates Millennium Scholars
• Intel Grant for Mathematics and Technology
• Claes Nobel Educator of Distinction Award
• Milken Family Foundation National Educator Award
• Association of Public Charter Schools Educator of the Year Award

Master of Teaching, Special Education Admission Requirements

To be considered eligible for enrollment into this M.A. in Teaching, Special Education (K-12) degree program, you must provide official transcripts that demonstrate you have earned a bachelor’s degree from a recognized, institutionally accredited (also known as regionally accredited) university and earned a GPA of at least 2.5 (or higher, depending upon your state), or the competency-based equivalent, in that program. Applicants with a GPA lower than a 2.5 but a 2.0 or above may seek admission by submitting passing scores from the WGU program required basic skills test (e.g. Praxis CORE). 

Students who are seeking initial teacher licensure in a bachelor’s, post-baccalaureate, or master’s program must also pass a state-specific basic skills test for the state in which they live as a prerequisite to Student Teaching . (Registering and paying for the test is the student’s responsibility.) This requirement can be met either prior to admission or before beginning the Foundations of Teaching subject area once you are in your WGU program.

WGU’s teacher licensure programs also include Student Teaching. You must be at least 18 years of age before you may begin the application process or participate in Preclinical Experiences and Student Teaching. You must also submit to a criminal background check prior to entering the classroom for this component of your program.

Get Your Enrollment Checklist

Download your step-by-step guide to enrollment.

Get Your Questions Answered

Talk to an WGU Enrollment Counselor.

Transfer Credits

MORE DETAILS

Becoming a Licensed Teacher

State-specific licensure requirements : Each state in the U.S. has specific testing requirements that must be met or completed in addition to completing your teaching degree program at WGU. Teacher licensure requirements vary depending on state laws and may include a number of factors, such as:

• Completion of a bachelor’s degree program
• Submission of transcripts
• Completion and clearance of a background check
• Passing of required entrance exams and basic skills tests

Preclinical Experiences    

As part of this program, you'll participate in a wide range of in-classroom teaching experiences through at least 75 hours of in-classroom observation.

Student Teaching

To help you prepare to work in classrooms, this program includes a student teaching component. Student Teaching is a full-time, supervised, in-classroom experience of a minimum of 12–20 weeks during which you will be hosted by an experienced teacher and observed by a Clinical Supervisor. Your host teacher will evaluate your performance based on accepted professional standards. Learn more about teacher licensure.

More About the M.A. in Teaching, Special Education

• More About Teacher Licensure
• More About Paying for School

What grades will I be able to teach?

It depends on your state and which Teachers College program you complete, so it is best to ask your Enrollment Counselor. Typically, teachers with an elementary education license can teach anywhere from kindergarten through 8th grade, and secondary teachers in math, English, or science can teach anywhere from 5th to 12th grades. K–12 special education licenses typically enable teachers to work with students from kindergarten through 12th grade.

How long is Student Teaching?

It depends on your state and your program, but for most Teachers College programs, Student Teaching is typically about the length of one full traditional school semester. Student teaching is a minimum of 12–16 weeks, but it can be longer in other programs.

How do I set up my Student Teaching?

WGU has a team that works with you to connect you with schools in your area, and with host teachers that will support you through your Student Teaching.

Can I use my own classroom for the Student Teaching placement?

Your Enrollment Counselor can provide more details about your specific situation. While you can provide recommendations of a school you want to be placed in, generally, our Field Placement Office will be selecting and setting up the placement in the end.

Will this program lead to a teaching license in my state?

Your Enrollment Counselor has access to an up-to-date database that tracks requirements and eligibility for all WGU programs and all US states and territories, so a conversation with your Enrollment Counselor can quickly verify this for you based on where you live and your desired program.

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Special education.

Our online M.Ed. degrees in special education are for education or human services professionals looking to enhance their ability to assess and teach individuals with disabilities. These programs cover critical knowledge and skills over behavior assessment, intervention techniques, programming, transition methods, and special education laws.

Official degree plan will need to be completed with your Faculty Advisor and Educator Preparation Office (EPO) staff. All required signatures must be recorded before it is official.

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Well, where would you like to go? Special education professionals can be found in many organizations—for example:

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There’s a lot ahead of you. You can go anywhere and do anything—follow a path or forge a brand new one. It’s all up to you, and we’re here to help prepare you for whatever journey lies ahead.

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Why Special Education Teachers Quit—and What Schools Are Doing About It

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Solutions to the perennial crisis of special education staffing must extend beyond training and recruiting more teachers to the more complex work of retaining educators who’ve already entered the field, experts say.

Twenty-one percent of public schools reported that they were not fully staffed in special education at the start of the 2023-24 school year, higher levels of reported shortages than for any other teaching specialty, federal data show. And about 8 percent of teachers who work with children who qualify for services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act are not fully certified .

All teachers juggle layers of practical and pedagogical responsibilities, but special education teachers carry an unusually complex workload that involves case management, teaching students in multiple grades and subjects, and cooperating with fellow teachers to help students meet educational goals.

“I just felt like I couldn’t meet all of my students’ needs with the resources and support that I had, no matter how hard I worked,” said Elizabeth Bettini, an associate professor of special education at Boston University who previously taught special education in K-12 schools.

Here are three ways states and districts are trying to keep current special education teachers on the job—and to improve their chances of retaining new recruits.

1. Districts experiment with higher pay for special education teachers

When special education teachers leave their roles, they aren’t always leaving teaching altogether, said Roddy Theobold, the deputy director of the National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research. Rather, special education teachers with multiple teaching endorsements often shift into another position, like elementary education, he said.

To quantify the trend, Theobold and other researchers analyzed 10 years of Washington state data collected from 2009 to 2019. They found that, in every year studied, the number of certified special education teachers in the state exceeded the number of teachers actually working in special education positions by more than 50 percent. They also found that dual-certified teachers were less likely to remain in special education placements than their peers who only carried special education credentials, according to a 2021 study published in the journal Exceptional Children .

Districts like Detroit have sought to recognize the challenges of the special education role by providing annual incentive pay of up to $15,000 for special education teachers.

But it can be politically challenging to pay teachers different salaries depending on their role, and it can require changing teacher contracts. Plus, researchers are still identifying what incentive structures could best move the needle on staffing challenges.

Starting in 2020, Hawaii’s statewide school district offered a $10,000 bonus for special education teachers, with larger bonuses for those who teach in schools deemed hard to staff. That’s on top of a base salary of $50,000.

Theobold and fellow researchers studied that state’s 2022 data. They found that, after the bonuses started, special education vacancies continued to increase alongside teacher vacancies in general, but they made up a lower proportion of total unfilled positions than they had before. They largely attributed the shift to teachers who were motivated by the incentive to move from general education classrooms to special education placements, not by increased retention of existing special education teachers.

While Hawaii’s special education teacher shortage hasn’t been erased, students within special education programs are now more likely to be taught by qualified teachers because of the bonuses, they concluded.

2. States and districts prepare new special education teachers with retention in mind

Advocates for grow-your-own programs and teacher apprenticeships—which allow candidates to earn teaching credentials while learning on the job—say the approach may allow new special education teachers to enter the role with a greater awareness of the challenges they will face. And that may help schools retain them longer.

Many participants in the University of North Dakota’s Special Education Resident Teacher Program complete their training at schools where they will later work full time, director Amy Jacobson said. The program allows candidates to earn a master’s degree in special education while working with a mentor in a partner district as well as a mentor at the university to learn the ropes.

Organizers recently developed an option that allows candidates without four-year degrees to get a bachelor’s and a master’s degree simultaneously. That opened the door for paraprofessionals, who often have years of hands-on experience in special education, to become full-time teachers.

“They are already vetted by the school districts, and they have an interest and a passion to work in special education,” Jacobson said.

Similarly, a unique teacher residency program led by the Washington Education Association draws former paraprofessionals and emergency substitute teachers with experience in special education classrooms, organizers recently told Education Week.

The program rotates participants through four different special education settings, including teaching alongside general education teachers, to better prepare them for a variety of potential roles.

“When you become a special ed. teacher, there’s so much variety within that, and you don’t know what you don’t know,” Annie Lamberto, the special populations coordinator for WEA, told Education Week. “We wanted our residents to be able to find not just what they’re good at and what their strengths are, but what they’re passionate about.”

3. Administrators combat special education teachers’ workplace isolation and burnout

Special education teachers are usually stressed because they lack the support and resources to do their jobs well, not because of the students they serve, Bettini said.

They have fewer in-school peers than their general education colleagues, and they are often led by principals without experience in special education, she said. That can lead to a feeling of isolation.

A lack of special education funding, inadequate support staff and school psychologists, and other systemic problems can lead teachers to feel like they are failing the very students they want to help, Bettini said.

Administrators can address these stressors by seeking their own professional development on how to support special education teachers and by inviting regular feedback about how to include special education teachers in curriculum purchasing decisions, planning schedules, and schoolwide policy conversations, she said.

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A free master's degree entices future special ed teachers in Florida

Walkers and wheelchairs line the hallways at UCP Bailes Community Academy, a K-8 charter school in Orlando where half of the students have disabilities.

UCP stands for "unlocking children's potential."

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The nonprofit UCP Central Florida runs this and seven other inclusion schools, where students with physical, behavioral or learning disabilities are integrated into general education classrooms as much as possible. They are also given the support and accommodations they need to succeed alongside their peers.

On this Wednesday morning in January, a class of nine students starts the school day with Haley Thrift. She delivers specialized instruction in core academic subjects, before sending them back to their inclusion classrooms at noon.

During her morning lessons, the class sang a song to help them learn the days of the week, and then they practiced yoga, all with the help of an occupational therapist and a speech therapist.

"There is still a need for those kiddos who have those higher intensity needs and behavioral needs to come into a smaller classroom," said Thrift, who has been teaching at the school for three years. Then, “they still get that social and emotional aspect with their typical gen-ed peers.”

While working full time and taking classes at night, Thrift earned her master’s in exceptional student education from the University of Central Florida as part of a federally funded program called Project Bridges. In return, she will teach students with disabilities for at least four years.

The U.S. Department of Education spends $115 million annually on programs similar to UCF's Project Bridges around the country. Federal data show more than 90% of recent scholarship recipients nationally are working in their field until they’ve met their service obligation. That's either two or four years later, depending on the student.

Project Bridges is one of the initiatives WLRN is reporting on in our series Role Call, examining taxpayer-funded programs that aim to reverse the ongoing and pervasive teacher shortage. Special education teachers represent the biggest need.

Many students with disabilities are taught by unqualified teachers

Across the country, there are more than 7 million K-12 students who require special education, and 15% of Florida students fall into that category.

State projections show Florida public schools are short 2,500 special education teachers for the upcoming academic year.

State data show during the 2022-23 school year, nearly 16% of courses for students with special needs were taught by teachers not certified in that field.

Since Project Bridges launched at UCF in 2015, 56 people have graduated from the program with special education degrees.

While the need for special education teachers is much higher than the program is able to meet, Oliver Edwards, chair of UCF’s Department of Counselor Education and School Psychology, argued every bit of progress counts.

“Our project may be somewhat small in the grand scope of things, but I think it really adds to what’s happening here in Florida in terms of increasing the quantity and quality of teachers and school psychologists in our schools," he said. "And if they only impact one, two, 10, 20 students, and change their lives for the better, that is a tremendous benefit for our state and for our nation.”

While the federal government reports high success rates from this and programs like it, officials do not track these teachers beyond their two- or four-year service obligation.

Kansas State University education researcher Tuan Nguyen told WLRN that’s a problem. In order to measure the effectiveness of these programs, he said we need to collect long-term data.

“In terms of keeping track of how much money do we spend, how long do they stay in the profession, where is the need the greatest…we have to be able to know these things in order to come up with solutions.”

Thrift, the Orlando teacher, knew as early as middle school that she wanted to work with students with disabilities.

“I took an elective course called 'future teachers,' and I was placed in the school’s autism unit, and from there, I just fell in love with working with individuals with special needs,” she said.

Earning a master's degree didn’t give her a huge jump in her salary — only 4% — from $50,500 to $52,500. But she said it made a big difference in her classroom performance.

“It changed my life in this field," she said. "It’s made a huge impact on my students and the way that I teach, so it’s definitely worthwhile.”

This story is part of Role Call, a WLRN project produced with support from the Education Writers Association.

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