The NECO Agricultural Science exam is divided into two sections with papers 1 and 2 being in the first section and paper 3 in the second section as stated above.
The total hours for the Agricultural Science exam is 4 hours and 30 minutes. Paper 1 questions should be answered within 50 minutes, while paper 2 questions should be answered within 2 hours and 10 minutes and paper 3 questions should be answered in 1 hour 30 minutes
Paper 1 is 50 multiple-choice questions to be answered within 50 minutes for 50 marks, paper 2 consists of six essay questions, with candidates required to answer five within 2 hours and 10 minutes for 9- marks, and paper 3 consists of four practical questions, to be completed within 1 Β½ hours for 60 marks.
You should focus on topics such as crop cultivation, animal husbandry, agricultural economics, soil science, pest and disease management, and sustainable agricultural practices. It is essential to cover all areas outlined in the NECO Agricultural Science syllabus.
Β The objectives of the NECO Agricultural Science syllabus are equipping students with practical skills and knowledge in Agriculture, fostering an appreciation for the importance of Agriculture in national development, promoting sustainable Agricultural practices, and preparing students for further studies or careers in Agricultural Science .
Yes, practical components are an essential part of the syllabus. You are expected to engage in practical activities such as crop cultivation, livestock management, soil analysis, pest control measures etc. To enhance your understanding and application of agricultural principles.
Β To balance theory and practical study, you must allocate time for both aspects of the subjects. Ensure you understand theoretical concepts by studying textbooks and notes and then apply these concepts through practical activities like field trips, laboratory experiments, and farm visits.
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These NECO Agricultural Science Syllabus is a material which you see where possible questions and answers would come from during your 2024 NECO Agric Science OBJ & Theory questions and answers. All you need to do is to follow his guide and see all the areas of concentration.
If you think it is too late for you to cover these topics, I got you covered. Simply follow this guide and see how to cover all your topics at a go.
Download NECO syllabus for Agric Science 2024/2025 for SS1,SS2 and SS3 for free . This syllabus will show you the area of concentration for this year’s NECO SSCE Agricultural science examination . In other words, it gives you all the Agric topics, recommended textbooks and authors which you need to read in preparation for the examination.
NOTE: This syllabus is for both NECO SSCE and GCE examinations . Therefore, both GCE and secondary school students can make use of it.
One thing you should note about the NECO syllabus is that all the Agricultural science questions in your examination will come out from there. So, it is real.
The National Examination Council has officially released areas of concentration which is geared towards helping agric students pass their agricultural science examination. The examination Council understands how difficult some students find agric. For this reason, it has decided to give topic from which all NECO SSCE questions and answers will come out from.
Others are searching: NECO scheme of work for Agric science, latest syllabus for agriculture, waec agric topics to read, NECO SSCE agricultural science area of concentration .
Table of Contents
1. Meaning and importance of agriculture (a) Definition and branches of agricultural science. (b) Importance of agriculture to the individual, community and nation. 2. Problems of agricultural development and possible solutions (a) Problems related to: (i) land tenure; (ii) basic amenities; (iii) finance; (iv) transportation; (v) storage and processing facilities; (vi) agricultural education and extension; (vii) tools and machinery; (viii) farm inputs; (ix) marketing system; (x) environmental degradation. (b) Possible solutions to identified problems 3. Meaning and differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture (a) Meaning of subsistence and commercial agriculture. (b) Differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture based on their characteristics. | Assessment would include incidence of pests and diseases, vagaries of weather, labour and government policy.
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(c) Advantages and disadvantages of subsistence and commercial agriculture. (d) Problems of subsistence and commercial agriculture. 4. Roles of government in agricultural development (a) Agricultural finance: (i) credit; (ii) subsidy. (b) Agricultural education (c) Agricultural extension services. (d) Agricultural policies and programmes 5. Role of non-governmental organizations in agricultural development (a) Meaning of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). (b) Roles of NGOs in agricultural development. 6. 7. Agricultural laws and reforms (a) Land tenure systems in West Africa. (b) Government laws on land use in West Africa. (c) Advantages and disadvantages of the land use Act (Decree) and reforms in West Africa. | Assessment would cover past and present programmes e.g. OFN, ADP, Farm Settlement, Agricultural Sector Rehabilitation Project (ASRP) and National Aids Coordination Secretariat. Examples of NGOs West African Rice Development Association (WARDA), International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA), International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) would be assessed. Assessment would include land use Act (Decree), Land Reforms in West Africa. |
1. Meaning and importance of agricultural ecology (a) Meaning of agricultural ecology and ecosystem. (b) Components of farm ecosystem e.g. biotic and abiotic (c) Interactions of the components in the terrestrial and aquatic agro-ecosystem. 2. Land and its uses (a) Meaning of land. (b) Characteristics of land β free gift of nature, immobile, limited in supply etc. (c) Uses of land: (i) agricultural purposes: β crop production; β wild life conservation/game reserve; β livestock production etc. (ii) non-agricultural purposes: β industry; β housing; β transport etc. 3. Factors affecting land availability for agricultural purpose (a) Physical factors: (i) soil type; (ii) topography; (iii) land degradation; (iv) soil pollution.
| Interaction of farm crops/animals with other components of the ecosystem in farm settings such as mono or sole cropping system, mixed cropping system, mixed farming system, fish ponds and forest (rain or savannah) would be assessed. Assessment would include of uses of land for aquaculture, forestry and apiculture. Non-agricultural uses of land such as health centres, church/mosque, mining, recreational centres, schools and markets would be assessed.
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(b) Economic factors: (i) population pressure; (ii) expansion of industries; (iii) mining/mineral exploitation; (iv) recreation/tourism. (c) Socio-cultural factors: (i) land tenure system; (ii) religious purpose (church, mosque and shrine) etc. 4. Agro-allied industries and relationship between agriculture and industry (a) Agro-based industries and raw materials: (i) paper industry β pulp wood; (ii) beverage industry β cocoa, tea etc; (iii) textile industry β cotton; (iv) soap industry β oil, seeds etc. (b) Relationship between agriculture and industries: (i) Agriculture provides market for industrial products e.g. farm machinery, chemicals; (ii) Agriculture provides food for industrial workers. 5. Environmental factors affecting crop and animal distribution and production (a) Climatic factors e.g. rainfall, temperature, light, wind, relative humidity.
| Assessment would include other agro-based industries and raw materials e.g. leather industry β hides and skin, canning industry β meat and fish. Assessment would include other relationship between agriculture and industries. |
(b) Biotic factors e.g. predators, parasites, soil micro-organisms, pests, pathogens and weeds; interrelationship such as competition, parasitism, mutualism (symbiosis). (c) Edaphic factors: soil pH, soil texture, soil structure, soil type etc. 6. Rock formation (a) Types of rock: (i) igneous; (ii) sedimentary; (iii) metamorphic. (b) Processes of rock formation. 7. Soil formation and profile development (a) Factors of soil formation: the parent rock, organisms, climate, topography and time. (b) Processes of soil formation: (i) physical weathering; (ii) chemical weathering. (c) Soil profile development. 8. Types, composition and properties of soil (a) Types of soil. (b) Chemical and biological composition of soil: (i) soil macro and micro nutrients; (ii) soil water; (iii) soil macro-organisms; (iv) soil microbes; (v) soil air. (c) Soil pH. (d) Physical properties of soil: (i) soil texture; (ii) soil structure; | Assessment would cover identification, description and examples of rock types. Assessment would cover how igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks are formed. The role played by each factor in soil formation would be assessed. The meaning, importance, identification and description of each horizon of the soil profile would be assessed. Assessment would cover types of soil and their separation into sand, silt and clay fractions, water holding capacity, porosity, capillarity, consistency etc. Determination of soil pH, causes and correction of soil acidity/alkalinity would be assessed. |
9. Plant nutrients and nutrient cycle (a) Macro and micro nutrients; their functions and deficiency symptoms in crops. (b) Factors affecting availability of nutrients in soil such as pH, excess of other nutrients, leaching, crop removal, oxidation and burning. (c) Methods of replenishing lost nutrients, e.g. crop rotation, organic manuring, fertilizer application, fallowing, liming, cover-cropping. (d) Nitrogen, carbon, water and phosphorus cycles. (e) Organic agriculture β meaning and importance. 10. Irrigation (a) Meaning of irrigation system. (b) Types of irrigation systems: (i) overhead e.g. sprinkler; (ii) surface e.g. flooding, furrow/channel, basin, border; (iii) underground e.g. perforated pipes, drips. (c) Advantages and disadvantages of irrigation systems. (d) Importance of irrigation. (e) Problems associated with irrigation. 11. Drainage (a) Meaning of drainage. (b) Importance of drainage. (c) Types of drainage systems: (i) surface drainage e.g. channel, furrow; (ii) subsurface/underground drainage.
| Macro-nutrients such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Microβnutrients such as Zn, Fe, Mo, Co, Bo, Cu would be assessed. Types of fertilizers and methods of fertilizer application would be assessed. Assessment would include the description and importance of nitrogen, carbon and water cycles.
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(d) Advantages and disadvantages of drainage systems. 12. Agricultural pollution (a) Meaning of agricultural pollution. (b) Causes/sources of pollution of agricultural lands and fish ponds: (i) excessive application of agricultural chemicals; (ii) marine and oil spillage; (iii) livestock waste and dung disposal etc. (c) Effects of land/pond pollution on farmers and agricultural productivity.
1. Simple farm tools (a) Meaning of simple farm tools. (b) Types of simple farm tools β cutlass, hoe, spade, shovel etc. (c) General maintenance of simple farm tools. 2. Farm machinery and implements (a) Farm machinery: (i) tractor; (ii) bulldozer; (iii) shellers; (iv) dryers; (v) incubators; (vi) milking machines; (vii) combine harvester etc. (b) Tractor-coupled implements: (i) ploughs; (ii) harrows; (iii) ridgers; (iv) planters; (v) harvesters; (vi) sprayers etc.
| Ways of minimizing land/pond pollution would be assessed. Assessment would include identification, description and uses of each of the tools. Assessment would include the meaning, uses/functions and identification of different parts of each of the farm machinery and implements. Engineering details are however not required.
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3. Maintenance practices and precautionary measures (a) Reasons for maintaining farm machines. (b) Maintenance of farm machinery: (i) check water and oil levels regularly; (ii) carry out routine service; (iii) keep machines clean etc. 4. Agricultural mechanization (a) Meaning of agricultural mechanization. (b) Mechanized agricultural operations. (c) Advantages and disadvantages of agricultural mechanization. (d) Limitations of agricultural mechanization. 5. Prospects of agricultural mechanization 6. Farm power (a) Sources of farm power. (b) Advantages and disadvantages of different sources of farm power. 7. Farm surveying (a) Meaning of farm surveying. (b) Common survey equipment. (c) Uses of farm survey equipment. (d) Maintenance of farm survey equipment. (e) Importance of farm surveying. 8. Farm planning (a) Meaning of farm planning. (b) Factors to be considered in farm planning. (c) Importance of farm planning.
| Assessment would include precautionary measures in the use of farm machinery. Mechanized agricultural operations: ploughing, harrowing, planting, harvesting, milking etc would be assessed. Possible ways of improving agricultural mechanization such as developing less expensive machines and establishing agricultural engineering schools for personnel would be assessed. Engineering details are not required.
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9. Principles of farmstead planning (a) Meaning of farmstead. (b) Importance of farmstead planning. (c) Factors to be considered in the design of a farmstead. (d) Farmstead layout.
1. Classification of crops (a) Classification of crops based on their uses e.g. cereals, pulses, roots and tubers, vegetables. (b) Classification based on their life cycle e.g. annual, biennial, perennial, ephemeral. (c) Classification based on their morphology e.g. monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous crops. 2. Husbandry of selected crops:- botanical names and common names of the crop, varieties/types, climatic and soil requirements, land preparation, methods of propagation, planting date, seed rate, spacing, sowing depth and nursery requirements, cultural practices: supplying, thinning, manuring and fertilizer requirement and application, weeding, pests and disease control, harvesting, processing and storage of at least one representative crop from each of the following crop groupings: (a) Cereals e.g. maize, rice, guinea corn, millet; (b) Pulses (grain legumes) e.g. cowpea, soya bean, pigeon pea.
| Assessment would cover site selection, location of structures and sketching of farm layout. A general knowledge of husbandry of all the crops listed is presumed. | |
(c) Roots and tubers e.g. cassava, yam, potatoes; (d) Vegetables e.g. tomatoes, onion, amaranthus, okro, cauliflower, spinach; (e) Fruits e.g. citrus, banana, pineapple; (f) Beverages e.g. cocoa, tea, coffee; (g) Spices e.g. pepper, ginger; (h) Oils e.g. groundnut, sheabutter, sunflower, oil palm; (i) Fibres e.g. cotton, jute, sissal hemp; (j) Latex e.g. rubber; (k) Others β sugar cane etc. 3. Pasture and forage crops (a) Meaning of pasture and forage crops. (b) Uses of forage crops. (c) Types of pasture. (d) Common grasses and legumes used for grazing livestock. (e) Factors affecting the distribution and productivity of pasture. (f) Establishment of pasture. (g) Management practices of pasture. 4. Crop improvement (a) Aims of crop improvement. (b) Methods/processes of crop improvement e.g. introduction, selection, breeding. (c) Mendelβs laws of inheritance. (d) Advantages and disadvantages of crop improvement.
1. Forest management (a) Meaning of forest and forestry. (b) Importance of forestry. (c) Forest regulations. (d) Forest management practices. (e) Implications of deforestation.
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Assessment would include the botanical names and characteristics of common grasses and legumes used for grazing livestock.
Assessment would include the meaning of crop improvement. Definition of some genetic terms: characters or traits, chromosomes, genes, Mendelβs 1 and 2 laws would be assessed.
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2. Agro-forestry practices in West Africa (a) Meaning of agro-forestry. (b) Agro-forestry practices: (i) taungya system; (ii) alley cropping; (iii) ley farming etc.
1. Meaning and importance of ornamental plants (a) Meaning of ornamental plants. (b) Importance of ornamental plants. 2. Common types of ornamental plants (a) Types of ornamental plants according to their uses: (i) bedding plants (mostly flowering plants); (ii) hedging plants; (iii) lawn grasses etc. (b) Examples of ornamental plants. 3. Settings and location for planting ornamental plants. 4. Methods of cultivating ornamental plants: (i) by seed; (ii) vegetative propagation. 5. Maintenance of ornamental plants.
1. Diseases of crops (a) Meaning of disease (b) General effects of diseases on crop production. (c) Disease: causal organism, economic importance, mode of transmission, symptoms, prevention and control
| Common tree species suitable for agro-forestry practices would be assessed. Assessment would cover identification of various types of ornamental plants. The common and botanical names would be assessed. Importance of each method and examples of ornamental plants propagated through such method would be assessed. Reasons for carrying out maintenance operations: watering, mulching, pruning etc would be assessed.
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measures of the diseases of the following crops: (i) cereals β smut, rice blast, leaf rust etc; (ii) legumes β cercospora leaf spot, rosette etc; (iii) beverages β cocoa blackpod, swollen shoot, coffee leaf rust etc; (iv) tubers β cassava mosaic, bacterial leaf blight etc; (v) fruits- citrus gummosis, dieback etc (vi) fibre β black arm/bacterial blight of cotton etc; (vii) vegetables β root knot of tomato or okro, damping off, onion twister etc; (viii) stored produce β mould etc. 2. Pests of crops (a) Meaning of pests. (b) Classification of pests: (i) insect-pests; (ii) non-insect pests. (c) Classification of insect-pests based on mouth parts with examples: (i) biting and chewing; (ii) piercing and sucking; (iii) boring. (d) Important insect-pests of major crops; field and storage pests, life cycle, economic importance, nature of damage, preventive and control measures of the following major insect-pests of crops: (i) cereals β stem borer, army worm, ear worm etc;
| Assessment would include at least two fungal, two viral, two bacterial and one nematode diseases of the crops chosen from the list.
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(ii) legumes β pod borer, aphids, sucking bugs and leaf beetle; (iii) beverages β cocoa myrids (capsids); (iv) tubers β yam beetle, cassava mealybugs, green spidermites, variegated grasshopper; (v) fibre β cotton stainer, bollworms; (vi) fruits and vegetables β thrips, grasshopper, leaf roller, leaf beetle, scale insect; (vii) stored produce β grain weevils, bean beetle. (e) Non-insect pests e.g. birds, rodents etc. (f) Side effects of preventive and control methods: (i) chemical β pollution, poisoning; (ii) biological Β- disruption of the ecosystem etc; (iii) cultural β harmful effects of burning etc. (g) General effects/economic importance of pests. 3. Weeds (a) Meaning of weeds. (b) Types of weeds. (c) Effects of weeds on crops and economy. (d) Characteristic features of weeds. (e) Methods of controlling weeds: cultural, biological, chemical, physical and mechanical methods. |
Nature of damage, economic importance, preventive and control measures of each of the non-insect pests would be assessed Common and botanical names would be assessed.
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1. Types and classification of farm animals (a) Types of farm animals: cattle, sheep, goat, poultry, pig, rabbit, fish etc. (b) Classification of farm animals according to: (i) habitat β terrestrial and aquatic. (ii) uses β food, protection, pet etc. 2. Anatomy and physiology of farm animals (a) Parts of farm animals. (b) Organs of farm animals e.g. heart, liver, lungs. (c) Systems of farm animals e.g. digestive system, circulatory system, respiratory system. 3. Animal reproduction (a) Meaning of reproduction. (b) Roles of hormones in reproduction of farm animals. (c) Reproductive systems of farm animals. (d) Processes of reproduction in farm animals. (e) Egg formation in poultry. 4. Environmental physiology (a) Meaning of environmental physiology. (b) Effects of changes in climatic factors such as: (i) temperature; (ii) relative humidity; and (iii) light on: growth, reproduction, milk production, egg production etc. |
Drawing and labeling of parts of farm animals would be assessed Identification of important organs and their functions would be assessed. Assessment would include the digestive system of poultry, differences between the monogastric and ruminant digestive systems Assessment would include oestrus cycle, heat period, mating, gestation period, parturition, lactation, colostrum, mammary glands, signs of heat, ovulation etc.
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5. Livestock management (a) Meaning of livestock management. (b) Requirements for livestock management: housing; feeding; hygiene and finishing of at least one ruminant and one non-ruminant from birth to market weight. (c) Importance of management practices. 6. Animal nutrition (a) Meaning of animal nutrition. (b) Classification of feeds. (c) Sources and functions of feed nutrients. (d) Types of ration/diet and their uses; components of a balanced diet, production and maintenance rations. (e) Causes and symptoms of malnutrition and their correction in farm animals. 7. Rangeland and pasture management (a) Meaning and importance of rangeland/pasture to livestock and the characteristics of range land. (b) Common grasses and legumes in rangeland. (c) Factors affecting the level of production of herbage; rainfall, grass/legume composition, grazing etc. (d) Methods of rangeland and pasture improvement: controlled stocking, rotational grazing, use of fertilizers, introduction of legumes, reseeding, weed control, burning, pest and disease control.
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Assessment would include extensive, intensive and semi-intensive systems of management and record keeping in livestock management. The biochemical details of the nutrients are not required. Assessment would include the types of diet for the various classes of animals, their characteristics and supplementary feeding. Assessment would include malnutrition related conditions such as ketosis, rickets.
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8. Animal improvement (a) Meaning of animal improvement. (b) Aims of animal improvement. (c) Methods of animal improvement: (i) introduction; (ii) selection; (iii) breeding. (d) Artificial insemination. (i) meaning of artificial insemination. (ii) methods of collecting semen. (iii) advantages and disadvantages of artificial insemination.
9. Animal health management (a) Meaning of disease. (b) Causal organisms: viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. (c) Factors that could predispose animals to diseases: health status of animals, nutrition, management etc. (d) Reaction of animals to diseases: susceptibility and resistance to diseases. (e) Causal organisms, symptoms, mode of transmission, effects, prevention and control of the following selected livestock diseases: (i) viral-foot and mouth, rinderpest, newcastle; (ii) bacterial β anthrax, brucellosis, tuberculosis; (iii) fungal β aspergillosis, ringworm, scabies; (iv) protozoa β trypanosomiasis, coccidiosis.
| Assessment would include differences and similarities between breeds (local, exotic and cross/hybrid) and performance of animals. The economic importance of the diseases would be assessed.
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(f) Parasites. (i) meaning of parasite. (ii) types of parasites. (iii) mode of transmission, life cycle, economic importance and control of the following selected livestock parasites: endoparasites β tapeworm, liverfluke and roundworm; ectoparasites β ticks, lice. (g) General methods of prevention and control of diseases and parasites: quarantine, inoculation/immunization, hygiene, breeding for resistance etc. 10. Aquaculture (a) Meaning of aquaculture. (b) Different types of aquaculture: (i) fish farming; (ii) shrimp farming; (iii) crab farming. (c) Meaning and importance of fish farming. (d) Conditions necessary for siting a fish pond. (e) Establishment and maintenance of fish pond. (f) Fishery regulations β meaning and regulations. (g) Fishing methods and tools.
| Assessment would include aeration, stocking, feeding, harvesting, processing and preservation of fish.
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11. Apiculture or bee keeping (a) Meaning of apiculture or bee keeping. (b) Types of bees: (i) indigenous bees; (ii) exotic bees. (c) Importance of bee keeping. (d) Methods of bee keeping: (i) traditional method; (ii) modern bee keeping. (e) Bee keeping equipment: bee hives, hive tools like suits, smokers, jungle boots, brushes etc. (f) Precautionary measures in bee keeping: (i) locate apiaries far from human dwellings; (ii) put warning symbols near apiary etc.
1. Basic economic principles: (a) scarcity; (b) choice; (c) scale of preference; (d) law of diminishing returns.
2. Factors of production: (a) land; (b) capital; (c) labour β characteristics and classification; (d) management or entrepreneur. 3. Principles of demand (a) Definition of demand. (b) Law of demand. (c) Factors affecting demand for agricultural produce.
| Rural-urban migration and how it affects labour availability in agricultural production would be assessed. | |
(d) Movements along the demand curve. (e) Shifts in the demand curve. 4. Principles of supply (a) Definition of supply. (b) Law of supply. (c) Movements along supply curve. (d) Shifts in the supply curve. (e) Factors affecting the supply of agricultural produce. 5. Implications of demand and supply for agricultural production (a) Price support. (b) Price control. (c) Subsidy programme and its effects on agricultural production. 6. Functions of a farm manager (a) Meaning of a farm manager. (b) Functions of a farm manager. 7. Problems faced by farm managers 8. Agricultural finance (a) Meaning of agricultural finance. (b) Importance of agricultural finance. (c) Sources of farm finance. (d) Classes of farm credit: (i) classification based on length of time: β short-term credit; β medium term credit; β long-term credit. (ii) classification based on source of credit: β institutional credit; β non-institutional credit. (iii) classification based on liquidity: β loan in-cash; β loan in-kind.
| Assessment would include the meaning of farm management
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(e) Problems faced by farmers in procuring agricultural credit. β high interest rate; β lack or inadequate collateral etc. (f) Problems faced by institutions in granting loans to farmers: β lack of records and accounts etc. (g) Capital market. (i) meaning of capital market, institutions that deal with medium and long term loans for agricultural business. (ii) institutions involved in the capital market (iii) sources of funds for the capital market: β bonds; β insurance companies; β merchant banks; β the stock exchange (sales and purchases of shares). (iv) roles of capital markets in agricultural business: β mobilization of long term funds for on-lending; β reduce over reliance on money market etc. 9. Farm records and accounts (a) Importance of farm records. (b) Types of farm records: (i) inventory records; (ii) production records; (iii) income and expenditure records; (iv) supplementary or special records. (c) Designing farm records
| Assessment would include the meaning of agri-business.
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(d) Farm accounts: (i) expenditure/ purchases account; (ii) income/sales account; (iii) profit and loss account; (iv) balance sheet. 10. Marketing of agricultural produce (a) Meaning and importance of marketing of agricultural produce. (b) Marketing agents and their functions. (c) Marketing functions: (i) assembling; (ii) transportation; (iii) processing etc. (d) Marketing of export crops. (e) Export crops in West Africa. (f) Guidelines for exporting crops in West Africa. (g) Corporate bodies, cooperative societies and individuals engaged in exporting agricultural produce e.g ANCE β Association of Nigerian Cooperative Exporters. (h) Importance of exporting agricultural produce. (i) Problems of marketing agricultural produce . 11. Agricultural insurance (a) Meaning of agricultural insurance. (b) Importance of agricultural insurance. (c) Types of insurance policies for agricultural production: (i) specific enterprise insurance e.g. crop insurance, livestock insurance;
| Assessment would include terms such as salvage value, appreciation, farm budget, depreciation, inventory, their importance and their uses in calculating profit and loss of farm items like crops, livestock, farm machinery and tools in the farm. Advantages and disadvantages of the marketing agents would be assessed.
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(ii) farm vehicle insurance; (iii) fire disaster insurance or machines and buildings insurance; (iv) life assurance (farmers, farm workers and farmersβ household). (d) Insurance premium (e) Problems of agricultural insurance: β uncertainties of weather; β losses due to natural disaster etc. 12. Agricultural extension (a) Meaning and importance of agricultural extension (b) Agricultural extension methods: (i) individual contact methods; (ii) group contact methods etc. (c) Agricultural extension programmes in West Africa e.g ADP, NDE, Agro-service centres, state ministries of agriculture and natural resources (d) Problems of agricultural extension in West Africa. e.g. illiteracy among farmers, inadequate transport facilities etc.
| Qualities of a good extension worker would be assessed.
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. 1. Soil 2. Soil profile 3. Rocks 4. Laboratory work on physical properties of soil. (a) Mechanical analysis by sedimentation and also by use of hydrometer method or sieves (b) Determination of bulk density and total pore space. (c) Determination of moisture content of a moist soil sample. (d) Determination of maximum water holding capacity. (e) Determination of wilting point. (f) Determination of capillary action. 5. Laboratory work on chemical properties of soil. (a) Determination of soil acidity using pH meter and/or any other gadget or simple equipment. (b) Common types of chemical fertilizers.
| Soil samples are to be examined for texture by manual feeling of wet and dry soil. Examination of fertile and infertile soils and note distinguishing features of soils β colour, texture and structure, presence of organic matter and living things. Simple description and identification of soil profile would be assessed. Identification of common rock types: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic would be assessed. Identification, methods and rates of application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and compound fertilizers would be assessed.
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(d) Organic manure: (i) green manure; (ii) farm yard; (iii) compost. 6. Irrigation and drainage
1. Farm tools and equipment 2. Tractor and animal drawn implement 3. Harvesting, processing and storage equipment. 4. Farm tractor 5. Uses and maintenance of horticultural tools and implements. 6. Livestock and fishing equipment
| Identification, method of preparation and application of compost would be assessed. Identification and uses of irrigation and drainage equipment e.g. watering can, sprinkler, pump, pipes would be assessed. Assessment would include identification, description, uses and maintenance of various garden tools and equipment e.g. hoe, cutlass, garden trowel, hand fork, shovel, spade, rake, sickle, secateurs, shears, long handle hoe, pruner, budding knife, emasculator. Assessment would include identification, description, uses and maintenance of tractor and animal-drawn implements e.g. ploughs, harrows, ridgers, planters, cultivators; identification of the major parts of the implements and their functions. Assessment would include identification, description and uses of harvesting, processing and storage equipment e.g. dehuskers, shellers, winnowers, dryers, processors, graters, refrigerators, cutlasses, scythe, groundnut lifters. Identification of the major components of the farm tractor, servicing and maintenance would be assessed. Identification, uses and maintenance of the following horticultural tools: shears, dibber, pruning knife, secateurs, budding knife, measuring tapes, hand fork, hand trowel, hoe, fork would be assessed. Identification, description, uses and care of livestock and fishing equipment e.g. waterers, feeders, milking machines, nets, hook and line, branding machine, egg candler would be assessed. | |
7. Farm surveying equipment
1. Seeds, seedlings, fruits and storage organs of crops. 2. Main pests and diseases of crops 3. Planting dates, seed rates, plant population and seed quality tests of the more common local crop plants. 4. Preparation of seedbeds, fertilizer application, mulching, use of pesticides , watering, vegetative propagation, germination tests etc. 5. Forest products and by-products. 6. Methods of propagation of horticultural plants. 7. Common weeds
1. Common breeds of animals and types of animals available in the locality. | Assessment would include identification, uses, and care of simple surveying equipment e.g. measuring tape, pins or arrows, ranging poles, plum bob, offset staff, compass, gunterβs chains, pegs, theodolite. Identification of seeds, seedlings, fruits, storage organs and essential parts of the common crop plants, pasture grasses and legumes would be assessed. Assessment would include identification and control of the main field and storage pests e.g. cotton stainer, yam beetles, weevils etc and the damage they cause to crops; identification of main diseases of crops, their causal agents and characteristic symptoms, prevention and control. Assessment would include the following propagation methods β direct sowing, transplanting, layering, grafting and budding. External features, mode of dispersal and methods of controlling weeds on the farm would be assessed. Identification of breeds, methods of restraints, handling and grooming of farm animals would be assessed.
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2. Major internal organs of farm animals, e.g. organs of the digestive system, reproductive and excretory systems. 3. Animal by-products 4. Animal feeds and feed stuffs and their local sources. 5. Main pests and parasites of farm animals. 6. Diseases of farm animals. 7. Routine management practices in farm animals, e.g. selection of livestock and poultry for breeding, culling, ear-notching, tattooing, horn or skin branding, debeaking, dehorning, castration. 8. Fish harvesting and preservation. | Assessment would cover identification and functions of the major internal organs. Identification of animal by-products e.g. hides and skin, fur, feather, horn would be assessed. The assessment would cover the identification and uses of feeds and feedstuffs(e.g. fish meal, groundnut cake, rice bran); types of diets/ration. The assessment would cover the identification of common ectoparasites(e.g. ticks, lice) and endoparasites(e.g tapeworms, liver flukes, roundworms); the damage caused on their hosts and their control; and their life cycles. Methods of prevention and control of diseases of farm animals, e.g. drugging, drenching, dipping, spraying and simple methods of farm sanitation would be assessed. The assessment would cover the identification of equipment/tools used for routine management practices. Methods of harvesting, processing and preservation of fish would be assesse |
For all NECO Candidates, The National Examination Council has officially released the Waec Syllabus for Agricultural Science 2023/2024. Kindly Download the Waec Syllabus for Agricultural Science.
Click on the link below to download all the NECO recommended topics for this year’s NECO SSCE and GCE examination.
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Welcome to official 2024 Agriculture NECO answer page. We provide 2024 Agriculture NECO Questions and Answers on Essay, Theory, OBJ midnight before the exam, this is verified & correct NECO Agric Expo. NECO Agriculture Questions and Answers 2024. NECO Agric Expo for Theory & Objective (OBJ) PDF: verified & correct expo Solved Solutions, 2024 NECO AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE ANSWERS. 2024 NECO EXAM Agriculture Questions and Answers
Farm machanization can be defined as the application of mechanical and engineering principles in carrying out farm operations
(i)Inadequate food
(ii)Illiterate of farmers
(iii)Religious believe
(iv)Technical know-how
(i)Application of fertilizers
(ii)Use of farm machines
(i)It provides water for other agricultural activities
(ii)It creates employment opportunities
-Poor marketing system-
(i)Establishment of marketing board
(ii)Provision of good roads
(iii)Regulation of prices
-Unpredictable climate-
(i)Educating farmers on the crop to cultivate during each season
(ii)Provision of storage facilities
(iii)Educating farmers on the climate and what to do
This can be defined as the process whereby excess water in the soil is removed artificially to provide good farming activities
(i) Planting cover crops: This helps to provide shade, prevent erosion and add more nutrients to the soil
(ii) Mulching the soil: This prevents water loss through evaporation and nutrient loss by water erosion
(iii) Application of compost manure: This helps to bind the sand particles together and also add humus
(iv) Application of farm yard manure: This also improves the structure of the soil as well as add nutrients to the soil
(i) It forms the solid part for the soil and provides support for plants
(ii) It affects soil porosity
(iii) It represents the habitat of all soil living organisms
(iv) It has moderating effect on soil temperature
(i) Molybdenum
(iii) Manganese
(iv) Copper
Crop improvement can be defined as the ways of developing and breeding of crop varieties which are better than the existing varieties in a number of characters
(i) Variety of crops are harvested
(ii) It increases the income of the farmer
(iii) Where land is scarce the farmer has a piece of land to cultivate
(iv) There is availability of crop produce throughout the year
(v) The young forest trees receive direct and indirect attention from the farmer
(i) They reduce the yield of crops
(ii) They can cause total death of crops plants
(iii) They can cause injuries which expose crops to disease attack
(iv) Some are carriers or vectors of diseases
(v) They reduce the quality of produce
(vi) The profits of farmers are reduced
(i) They serve as food for livestock
(ii) They help to reduce the cost of feeding animals
(iii) They serve as cover crops
(i) Basal feeds
(ii) Concentrates
(i) Carbohydrates
(ii) Proteins
(i)For meat
(ii)For hides and skins
(iii)For Money
(iv)Some are raised for milk production
(i)Foot rot disease
(iii)Grass Tetany
(iv)White Muscle disease
(i) Cultural control
(ii) Physical control
(iii) Biological control
(iv) Chemical control
Supply of rice maybe defined as the quantity of rice which a producer is willing and able to offer for sale at a given price over a particular period of time
(ii) Income of the consumer
(iii) Taxation
(iv) Population
(i) Green revolution programme
(ii) Agricultural programme development
(iii) National accelerate food production programme
(iv) Natural intervention Agricultural land development Authority
(v) Operation feed the nation
(vi) Contec Global Agro limited
(i) Microfinance Bank
(ii) Commercial Bank
(iii) Credit card companies
(iv) Nigerian Agricultural cooperative and rural Bank
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Welcome to official 2024 Agriculture NECO answer page. We provide 2024 Agriculture NECO Questions and Answers on Essay, Theory, OBJ midnight before the exam, this is verified & correct NECO Agric Expo
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Aug 26, 2024 by FlashIsaac 62 Comments
What are the areas Neco will set English questions from and how do I get NECO English 2021 OBJ and theory questions Β answered correctly in the exam? Neco 2021 Questions and how you can answer them correctly to get A1 is the topic we shall discuss here today.
NECO ENGLISH QUESTIONS is general for every Neco 2021 Candidate sitting or writing English . Whether you are an Art, science or commercial student, you must offer and answer questions from Neco English Language.
Continue reading for Topics/Questions Neco will set in 2021 English Language or quickly click here to go through Neco 2021 syllabus and hot topics to read.
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You have asked the questions, what are the areas Neco sets questions in English Language? I am here to give you the bold answers to your question.
How Sophie Made Learning Fun
To make this topic easy for you to understand, I will divide it into four sections. The three sections are:
Under number 3, we shall discuss:
Now that you are familiar with the various areas Neco 2021 questions will come from, the next thing is to know exactly what Neco will ask from these areas in 2021 Neco English Language.
As usual, you will be given questions and options A to D to choose from. Normally, the number of objective questions you are to answer in Neco 2021 English Language is 80 to 100 questions.
The areas you will be tested in English Language OBJ are:
A. Words And Opposite (antonyms):Β E.g Halima likes to dwell on trivial , rather than ___ matters.
A. Strong B. Popular C. Weighty D. Heavy
The answer is simply C. The opposite of trivial is weighty. You need to practice as many synonyms and antonyms as possible.
The good news is that you don’t need to know all the synonyms and antonyms in the dictionary, you can use common sense to answer questions well.
B. Nearest in Meaningh (synonyms):Β In this part, you will be asked questions and to look for words or group of words nearest in meaning.
E.g: Everyone has the urge to succeed in life. Find the word nearest in meaning to the underlined word.
A. Compulsion B. Desire C. Need D. Courage
Of course, the answer is desire. Simple right?
C. Complete Sentence : You will be given a sentence and asked to choose the word that best completes each of the following sentences.
E.g: We can ___ signal from one point to another.
A. Transmit B. Transmission C. Transmission Transmission D. I mean transmission
D. Fill In The Gap Neco Questions:Β You shall be given questions with gaps and asked to find sentences that best completes the gap. Here, you are not filling the gap with a simple word but a prase or clause.
E.g: If Isaac had woken up earlier, he ___ breakfast.
A. Would not have missed B. Ought not to miss C. Shall have missed D. May have missed
In simple sentence, Isaac woke up late and he missed the breakfast. The correct answer is A.
E. Lexis structure and interpretations : You must also get questions from lexis and structure and interpretation. The good news is that if you understand A to D Objective questions for Neco above, you shall be good to go.
Read Also: How to answer Neco questions very fast
Under Neco 2021 Oral English session, you will be tested on Vowel sounds, Consonants sounds, rhymes, sound and stress pattern. Examples of questions that come out in Neco oral English are:
A.Β Same vowel Sound: E.g,Β C oi n A. toy B. rod C. lord D. ride
B. Same consonant Sound: E.g, vi ce A. cat B. dress C. show D. chalk
C. Emphatic stress: E.g, AYO asked Mary to come today. A. Did Chike ask Mary to come today? B. Did Ayo order Mary to come today? C. Did Ayo ask Dad to come today? D. Did Ayo ask Mary to come tomorrow?
The following are tested in this section. I have already treated how to answer Neco 2021 English comprehension passages. You should click here now to read how to answer comprehension passage very fast plus examples of passages that Neco would set for 2021 Neco English language.
ESSAY WRITING: Under essay, you will be asked to answer only one of the following…
You will be given a passage and asked to summarize everything in the passage. You would also be asked to say what the writer inteded. This part is very easy. You may click here to start answering Neco questions online .
That’s all for now… I shall update you when more real live questions and answers come up. However, I advise that you are hardworking so as to pass your Neco once and for all.
Read Also: How to read and pass Neco in one day
Feel free to share this article with friends using the share buttons and don’t fail to comment using the comment box below.
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Ra'ahma bint yunus says
It’s so helpful, more ink 2 your pen and more grace to your elbow
Anonymous says
Is this the real neco exam
The real neco questions please…
Iwu Mary says
Wow… nice one I pray for success in my exams
Kwaku Ibrahim says
Monye Elizabeth says
Pls I need an advice on reading,to be frank I don’t know how to read for long and understand wat have read
i need maths answer please
jingas says
hy when neco will come out
Ediomo Edet Etim says
Mathematics ss2 promotion exam
I need ur help..
olayem says
are they re writing this English again
usman magaji zango says
is it true today are English neco writing.
anwer for english test of orals pls
I need English language answer please
I need English answer
SS 2 ENGLISH LANGUAGE ANSWERS
Joseph Agwuchi says
pls i need yor help
olawshina says
plz I need ur English questions plz 4 Christ sake
Peter Jesse says
Please help
husaini ahmed says
Poshmontana says
Pls may God bless you and your family, I need answers pls
Have the exams started over here in rivers state exam hasn’t satrt to 12
I need letter writing
SORE GASKE says
I WISH U ALL D BST
Ikemefuna isioma says
Yes I need d NECO English answer
miracle johnpaul okoli says
I need English also pls
tochukwu says
I need neco question answer English
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NECO timetable 2021 for June/July examination is out and anyone can check it online. The National Examination Council, NECO SSCE (Internal) 2021 Examination Timetable is also available in PDF format and can be viewed on their official portal but we have made it easier to view here.
NGScholars wishes to inform you that the NECO Timetable for candidates who are preparing for the NECO June/July Senior School Certificate Examination (Internal) has been released.
Also in this post are the 2021 NECO June/July exam starting date and paper code for each subject.
You can check the NECO GCE Timetable (Nov/Dec) here if that is what you are looking for.
According to the information on the NECO 2021 Timetable, the examination will start on 5TH JULY, 2021 and end on 16TH AUGUST, 2021 .
The NECO SSCE internal has about seventy-six subjects.
1. Compulsory Cross-Cutting Subjects 2. Science and Mathematics 3. Technology 4. Humanities 5. Business Studies and 6. Trade/Entrepreneurship.
The minimum number of subjects a candidate can sit for is eight while the maximum is nine. All Senior Secondary schools in the Federation present Candidates for The National Examination Council SSCE Internal.
RECOMMENDED: NECO Registration Guidelines [June/July SSCE]
The NECO SSCE internal has seventy-six subjects. Follow the link below to download the PDF version. [The PDF version contains the paper code and duration for each subject].
Monday 5th July to Friday 9th July (Actual date and time will be fixed by the Council)
Monday 12th July
Tuesday 13th July
Wednesday 14th July
Thursday 15th July
Friday 16th July
Monday 19th to Wednesday 21st July
Thursday 22nd July
Friday 23rd July
Monday 26th July
Tuesday 27th July
Wednesday 28th July
Thursday 29th July
Friday 30th July
Monday 2nd August
Tuesday 3rd August
Wednesday 4th August
Thursday 5th August
Friday 6th August
Saturday 7th August
Monday 9th August
Tuesday 10th August
Wednesday 11th August
Thursday 12th August
Friday 13th August
Saturday 14th August
Monday 16th August
You can also download the 2021 NECO timetable in PDF format by clicking the button below:
DOWNLOAD PDF !
SCHOOLS AND CANDIDATES SHOULD NOTE THE FOLLOWING
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Neco 2022 Agric Science Practical Specimen
Great care should be taken to ensure that the information given overleaf for Neco 2022 Agric Science Practical Specimen does not reach the candidates either directly or indirectly before the examination. (a) The provision of specimens, materials, and equipment for the examination is your responsibility.
(b) [i] Each candidate should be provided with the following specimens labeled accordingly;
Specimen A – Hand Fork. Specimen B – Dibber. Specimen C – Cross Staff. Specimen D – Cast Net. Specimen E – Feeding Through. Specimen F – Loamy Soil. Specimen G – Clayey Soil. Specimen H – Sandy Soil. Specimen I – Earthworm. Specimen J – Termite. Specimen K – Grasshopper. Specimen L – Bean Weevil. Specimen M – Mealybug. Specimen N – Animal Skin. Specimen O – Tick. Specimen P – Roundworm.
[ii] Where a specimen is not readily available in sufficient quantity, it should be shared between small groups of candidates.
I need the most likely questions about the specimen
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Global trends on food security research: a bibliometric analysis, scholarly research in food security: a bibliometric analysis of global food security, applying network analysis to explore the global scientific literature on food security, exploring the link between food security and food price dynamics: a bibliometric analysis, bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed literature on food security in the context of climate change from 1980 to 2019, food security review based on bibliometrics from 1991 to 2021, effect of covid-19 on agricultural production and food security: a scientometric analysis, the evolution of food security: where are we now, where should we go next, a bibliometric analysis of urban food security, scientometric profile of global rice research during 1985-2014, related papers.
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2021 NECO GCE AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE ESSAY & OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS EXPO/RUNZ NOW AVAILABLE @ WWW.EXAMAFRICA.COM. ExamAfrica.Com: Drop First While Others Copy From Us, We Are 100% Reliable And We Never Disappoint Our Subscribers. Whether Your Village people Likes or Not, With ExamAfrica.Com A1 Must Locate You. Thank your Stars for finding the Best and Accurate Expo site for your Neco ...
Agricultural Science Exam Type: All JAMB WAEC NECO Exam year: All 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988
Besides, it allows you to apply the concepts you have been mastering during your study times. Therefore, past exam papers are a perfect option in your revision for your upcoming exams. NECO Past Questions 2021 Pattern. NECO Past Questions 2021 follow the original pattern, usually in multiple-choice format. We have made it very easy for you.
Get Free Live 2021 NECO June/July Agricultural Science (AGRIC) OBJ & THEORY Questions and Answers Free of Charge | NECO June/July Free Agric Science (Objectives and Theory) Questions and Answers EXPO Room (30th July, 2021). ... 2021 Paper III & II: Objective & Essay - Agricultural Science 10:00am - 12:30pm. 2021 NECO AGRIC SCIENCE ...
1 JOINT UNIVERSITIES PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS BOARD SEPTEMBER 2021 EXAMINATIONS AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE TIME ALLOWED: 3 HOURS SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Answer all questions in this section. Use the OMR answer sheet provided to answer the questions. Follow the instructions on the OMR sheet. SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS Answer FOUR questions; ONE question from each course .
NECO Past Questions and Answers PDF - The NECO Past Questions and Answers PDF is a vital resource for students preparing for the National Examinations Council (NECO) examinations. It actively comprises a comprehensive compilation of past NECO exam papers, complete with answers and explanations. These materials serve as invaluable tools in active exam preparation, offering
Sample of NECO Past Question 2021. ESSAY-English. (5a) They hate geography because their former geography teacher didn't handle the subject well. (5b) The Guidance counselor was astonished because he had ensured to convince the students to offer geography up to the school certificate level. (5c)
Friday 30th July 2021.Paper III & II: Objective & Essay - Agricultural Science 10:00am - 12:30pm. NECO Agric Science (Essay / Theory) Answers 2021.
How to Download NECO Past Questions. Click on the subject you intend to download to get to the information page. Scroll down and click on a link to start downloading the past question in pdf soft copy.
This examination syllabus will familiarise you with the marking pattern for this subject, preparing you for what to expect in your examination. The NECO Agricultural Science examination is divided into two "sections". You will be required to write three papers. Paper 1,2, and 3, with Paper 1 and 2 being a composite paper to be completed in ...
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Download NECO syllabus for Agric Science 2024/2025 for SS1,SS2 and SS3 for free. This syllabus will show you the area of concentration for this year's NECO SSCE Agricultural science examination. In other words, it gives you all the Agric topics, recommended textbooks and authors which you need to read in preparation for the examination.
We provide 2024 Agriculture NECO Questions and Answers on Essay, Theory, OBJ midnight before the exam, this is verified & correct NECO Agric Expo. NECO Agriculture Questions and Answers 2024. NECO Agric Expo for Theory & Objective (OBJ) PDF: verified & correct expo Solved Solutions, 2024 NECO AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE ANSWERS. 2024 NECO EXAM ...
Instructions To Pass Neco 2021 Examination. Under number 3, we shall discuss: Neco English Essay Writing Questions; Neco English Language Comprehension Questions; Summary Questions For Neco. Now that you are familiar with the various areas Neco 2021 questions will come from, the next thing is to know exactly what Neco will ask from these areas ...
If government in a fiscal year has its revenue receipts less than the expenditure, such country is having. A. balanced budget. B. deficit budget. C. favorable budget. D. surplus budget. E. unfavorable budget. View Answer & Discuss (3) NECO 2002. 2.
Also in this post are the 2021 NECO June/July exam starting date and paper code for each subject. You can check the NECO GCE Timetable (Nov/Dec) ... Objective & Essay - Agricultural Science - 10:00am - 12:30pm; Monday 2nd August. Paper II & III: Essay & Objective - English Language - 10:00am - 12:45pm;
INSTRUCTION (S) TO SCHOOL. Great care should be taken to ensure that the information given overleaf for Neco 2022 Agric Science Practical Specimen does not reach the candidates either directly or indirectly before the examination. (a) The provision of specimens, materials, and equipment for the examination is your responsibility.
The mission of the Division of Agriculture is to fulfill the mandates of the State of California and to provide quality regulatory services to the citizens of Santa Clara County. The County Agricultural Commissioner directs the enforcement programs of the local Division of Agriculture. The Division's primary enforcement mission is to: Prevent ...
Food security is a multidisciplinary field with evolving definitions, causes, consequences and solutions. In this paper, using tools of scientometrics and bibliometrics-publication performance analysis and science/network mapping, we try to gain an aggregated macro view of food security literature conducted in or closely related to India. We use VOSviewer and bibliometrix/ biblioshiny in the R ...
Tree crops β including almonds, but also peaches, citrus, avocados and other fruits and nuts β turn every drop of water into a lot of money compared with other crops. A 2018 analysis by the ...
2020-2022 Crop Reports. Each county in California annually prepares a report detailing the gross value and production of agricultural commodities grown within their county. Find the Crop Reports from 2020-2022 below.
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One possible approach: Think of this as a quick origin story. Step #1: Imagine a mini-movie of the moments that led you to your interest and create a simple, bullet-point outline. Step #2: Put your moments (aka the "scenes" of your mini-movie) in chronological order, as it'll help you see how your interests developed.