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High school biology

Course: high school biology   >   unit 1.

• Elements and atoms
• Introduction to carbohydrates
• Introduction to proteins and amino acids
• Introduction to lipids
• Introduction to nucleic acids and nucleotides

Introduction to vitamins and minerals

• Biological macromolecules review
• Biological macromolecules

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Video transcript

Chapter 8: Vitamins and Minerals

Define the Following Terms:

• 1. antioxidants—substances that protect body cells and the immune system from damage by harmful chemicals in air and foods.
• 2. electrolyte minerals—sodium, chloride, and potassium, which control and balance fluid flow in and out of cells.
• 3. fat-soluble vitamins—vitamins absorbed and transported by fat.
• 4. free-radicals—harmful by-product excreted when cells burn oxygen to produce energy.
• 5. hypertension—high-blood pressure linked to high salt intake.
• 6. iron-deficiency anemia—lack of enough iron in the body, resulting in fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.
• 7. major minerals—macrominerals with special duties in the body; calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, chloride, and potassium.
• 8. osteomalacia—a disease caused by a lack of vitamin D in adults.
• 9. osteoporosis—condition caused by calcium deficiency; bones become porous, weak, fragile.
• 10. pica—Condition linked to iron deficiency; causes unusual appetite for ice, clay, and other nonfood items.
• 11. toxicity—excessive amount of substance that reacts as poison in the body.
• 12. trace minerals—minerals needed in only small amounts but serving vital body functions.
• 13. water-soluble vitamins—vitamins dissolve in water and pass easily into the bloodstream during digestion.

Answer the following questions:�

• 1. Why are vitamins and minerals called micronutrients?
• They are needed in smaller amounts than other nutrients.

2. Why are some vitamins considered to be antioxidants?

• They protect body cells and the immune system by either transforming harmful free radicals into less damaging compounds or repairing damaged cells.

3. Compare water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins.

• Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and are carried in the bloodstream; they are not stored, and excess amounts are eliminated with waste products. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed and transported by fat; excess amounts are stored by the body for later use.

4. What does vitamin C do for you?

• Helps maintain healthy capillaries, bones, skin, and teeth. Helps your body heal wounds and resist infections. Aids in the absorption of iron and works as an antioxidant. Plays a role in caring for collagen that gives structure to bones, cartilage, muscle, and blood vessels.

5. One family stored milk in small, clear containers. What do you think of this practice?

• Not good because light through the containers will destroy riboflavin in the milk.

6. What function in the body do riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin B5, and biotin have in common?

• They are all involved in using carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

7. Why is folate a very important vitamin?

• It helps the body use proteins, builds red blood cells, and forms genetic material. It prevents birth defects that damage the brain and spinal cord.

8. What can occur with vitamin A deficiency?

• Rough, scaly skin and infections in the respiratory tract and other areas of the body; causes night blindness and total blindness in many children in developing countries.

9. What is toxicity?�

• An excessive amount of a substance that is poisonous in the body.

� 10. What are two ways to get vitamin D?

• Through exposure to sunlight and in fortified milk.

11. Why do cooks need to pay particular attention to the ways that foods are prepared?

• Some cooking techniques can destroy certain vitamins.

12. Compare major and trace minerals.

• The amount of trace minerals the body needs is much smaller than the amount of major minerals needed.

13. Why do teens need to think about osteoporosis?

• Bone mass builds u p during childhood, the teen years, and young adulthood, so care taken to consume calcium during early life can prevent the disease from developing later.

14. Why are sodium, chloride, and potassium called electrolyte minerals?

• They form chemical particles called electrolytes, which attract fluids. Cells move electrolytes through cell walls as needed to balance fluids and keep cells from collapsing or bursting.

15. What can help reduce hypertension?

• Lowering intake of table salt.

16. What are some signs of iron-deficiency anemia?

• Being tired, weak, short of breath, pale, and cold.

17. One teen chewed on ice to the point that her friends noticed and commented on the frequency. What might be wrong?

• She might have pica, an unusual appetite for ice, clay, or other nonfood items, indicating an iron deficiency.

18. Why is fluoride needed in the diet?

• To prevent tooth decay and strengthen bones.

19. What do you think about the trend to fortify many food products with vitamins and minerals?

• Might help some people, but also has the potential to cause toxic excesses

How does your diet rate?

Balanced Diet = Good Health

Vitamins and Minerals

Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients required by the body to carry out a range of normal functions. However, these micronutrients are not produced in our bodies and must be derived from the food we eat.

Vitamins are organic substances that are generally classified as either fat soluble or water soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins ( vitamin A , vitamin D , vitamin E , and vitamin K ) dissolve in fat and tend to accumulate in the body. Water-soluble vitamins ( vitamin C and the B-complex vitamins , such as vitamin B6 , vitamin B12 , and folate ) must dissolve in water before they can be absorbed by the body, and therefore cannot be stored. Any water-soluble vitamins unused by the body is primarily lost through urine.

Minerals are inorganic elements present in soil and water, which are absorbed by plants or consumed by animals. While you’re likely familiar with calcium , sodium , and potassium , there is a range of other minerals, including trace minerals (e.g. copper , iodine , and zinc ) needed in very small amounts.

In the U.S., the National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) develops nutrient reference values called the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for vitamins and minerals. [1] These are intended as a guide for good nutrition and as a scientific basis for the development of food guidelines in both the U.S. and Canada. The DRIs are specific to age, gender, and life stages, and cover more than 40 nutrient substances. The guidelines are based on available reports of deficiency and toxicity of each nutrient. Learn more about vitamins and minerals and their recommended intakes in the table below.

What about multivitamins?

A diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables , whole grains , good protein packages , and healthful fats should provide most of the nutrients needed for good health. But not everyone manages to eat a healthful diet. Multivitamins can play an important role when nutritional requirements are not met through diet alone. Learn more about vitamin supplementation .

Did you know? 

Vitamins and their precise requirements have been controversial since their discovery in the late 1800s and early 1900s. It was the combined efforts of epidemiologists, physicians, chemists, and physiologists that led to our modern day understanding of vitamins and minerals. After years of observation, experiments, and trial and error, they were able to distinguish that some diseases were not caused by infections or toxins—a common belief at the time—but by vitamin deficiencies. [2] Chemists worked to identify a vitamin’s chemical structure so it could be replicated. Soon after, researchers determined specific amounts of vitamins needed to avoid diseases of deficiency.

In 1912, biochemist Casimir Funk was the first to coin the term “vitamin” in a research publication that was accepted by the medical community, derived from “vita” meaning life, and “amine” referring to a nitrogenous substance essential for life. [3] Funk is considered the father of vitamin therapy, as he identified nutritional components that were missing in diseases of deficiency like scurvy (too little vitamin C ), beri-beri (too little vitamin B1 ), pellagra (too little vitamin B3 ), and rickets (too little vitamin D ). The discovery of all vitamins occurred by 1948.

Vitamins were obtained only from food until the 1930s when commercially made supplements of certain vitamins became available. The U.S government also began fortifying foods with specific nutrients to prevent deficiencies common at the time, such as adding iodine to salt to prevent goiter, and adding folic acid to grain products to reduce birth defects during pregnancy. In the 1950s, most vitamins and multivitamins were available for sale to the general public to prevent deficiencies, some receiving a good amount of marketing in popular magazines such as promoting cod liver oil containing vitamin D as bottled sunshine.

• Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997); Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (1998); Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids (2000); Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001); and Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D (2011) . These reports may be accessed via www.nap.edu .
• Semba RD. The discovery of the vitamins. Int J Vitam Nutr Res . 2012 Oct 1;82(5):310-5.
• Piro A, Tagarelli G, Lagonia P, Tagarelli A, Quattrone A. Casimir Funk: his discovery of the vitamins and their deficiency disorders. Ann Nutr Metab . 2010;57(2):85-8.

Last reviewed March 2023

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7.1: Introduction to Vitamins

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• Jennifer Draper, Marie Kainoa Fialkowski Revilla, & Alan Titchenal
• University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa

Malia paha he iki ‘unu, pa‘a ka pōhaku nui ‘a‘ole e ka‘a Perhaps it is the small stone that can keep the big rock from rolling down

Vitamins are obtained from the different types of foods that we consume. If a diet is lacking a certain type of nutrient, a vitamin deficiency may occur. The traditional diet in Pohnpei (an island in the Federal States of Micronesia) consisted of a diet rich in local tropical produce such as bananas, papaya, mango, pineapple, coconut as well as seafood. However, due to a shift in dietary patterns from fresh foods to processed and refined foods the island is suffering from a magnitude of health concerns. A study conducted by the Department of Health of the Federated States of Micronesia on children aged two to four years old in Pohnpei showed that the prevalence for vitamin A deficiency among children aged 2-5 was 53 percent [1] .

To combat this issue the Island Food Community of Pohnpei has been instrumental in promoting the citizens of Pohnpei to increase local karat banana consumption. The karat banana is rich in beta-carotene (a source of vitamin A) and increasing consumption among the locals will decrease the prevalence of vitamin A deficiencies in Pohnpei. For further information on this issue visit the Island Food Community of Pohnpei’s website at http://www.islandfood.org/ and watch the video at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGVxnefqbTQ .

Vitamins are organic compounds that are traditionally assigned to two groups fat-soluble (hydrophobic) or water-soluble (hydrophilic). This classification determines where they act in the body. Water-soluble vitamins act in the cytosol of cells or in extracellular fluids such as blood; fat-soluble vitamins are largely responsible for protecting cell membranes from free radical damage. The body can synthesize some vitamins, but others must be obtained from the diet.

One major difference between fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins is the way they are absorbed in the body. Vitamins are absorbed primarily in the small intestine and their bioavailability is dependent on the food composition of the diet. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed along with dietary fat. Therefore, if a meal is very low in fat, the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins will be impaired. Once fat-soluble vitamins have been absorbed in the small intestine, they are packaged and incorporated into chylomicrons along with other fatty acids and transported in the lymphatic system to the liver. Water-soluble vitamins on the other hand are absorbed in the small intestine but are transported to the liver through blood vessels.

Query \(\PageIndex{1}\)

Query \(\pageindex{2}\).

• Yamamura CM, Sullivan KM. (2004). Risk factors for vitamin A deficiency among preschool aged children in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 50 (1),16-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14984164 . Accessed October 15, 2017. ↵

Want to create or adapt books like this? Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices.

10.1 – Introduction to Vitamins

Learning objectives.

• Define the term vitamin.
• Compare and contrast fat-and water-soluble vitamins and identify vitamins that fit in each category.

To combat this issue the Island Food Community of Pohnpei has been instrumental in promoting the citizens of Pohnpei to increase local karat banana consumption. The karat banana is rich in beta-carotene (a source of vitamin A) and increasing consumption among the locals will decrease the prevalence of vitamin A deficiencies in Pohnpei. For further information on this issue visit the Island Food Community of Pohnpei’s website and watch this video .

Vitamins are organic compounds that are traditionally assigned to two groups fat-soluble(hydrophobic) or water-soluble (hydrophilic). This classification determines where they act in the body. Water-soluble vitamins act in the cytosol of cells or in extracellular fluids such as blood; fat-soluble vitamins are largely responsible for protecting cell membranes from free radical damage. The body can synthesize some vitamins, but others must be obtained from the diet.

One major difference between fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins is the way they are absorbed in the body. Vitamins are absorbed primarily in the small intestine and their bioavailability is dependent on the quality of the diet. Including a small amount of fat or oils in your meal enhances fat-soluble vitamin absorption.  Once fat-soluble vitamins have been absorbed in the small intestine, they are packaged and incorporated into chylomicrons along with other fatty acids and transported in the lymphatic system to the liver. Water-soluble vitamins, on the other hand, are absorbed in the small intestine but are transported to the liver through blood vessels. (Figure 10.1.3 ).

1 Yamamura CM, Sullivan KM. Risk factors for vitamin A deficiency among preschool-aged children in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia . J Trop Pediatr. 2004; 50(1),16-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14984164. Accessed May 23, 2019.

key Takeaways

• Vitamins are organic compounds that are traditionally assigned to two groups fat-soluble(hydrophobic) or water-soluble (hydrophilic).
• Water-soluble vitamins act in the cytosol of cells or in extracellular fluids such as blood; fat-soluble vitamins are largely responsible for protecting cell membranes from free radical damage. The body can synthesize some vitamins, but others must be obtained from the diet.
• The fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E, K. The water-soluble vitamins include the B vitamins and vitamin C.

Contributors

University of Hawai’i at Mānoa Food Science and Human Nutrition Program: Allison Calabrese, Cheryl Gibby, Billy Meinke, Marie Kainoa Fialkowski Revilla, and Alan Titchenal

Nutrition 100 Nutritional Applications for a Healthy Lifestyle Copyright © by Lynn Klees and Alison Borkowska is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Vitamins. Brought to you by the Flintstones. C.5.1 Define the term vitamin. So, what exactly is a vitamin?. Here’s the technical definition: An organic molecule that is required in only trace amounts and can only be obtained through the diet since it cannot be synthesized.

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Presentation Transcript

Vitamins Brought to you by the Flintstones

C.5.1 Define the term vitamin.

So, what exactly is a vitamin? • Here’s the technical definition: An organic molecule that is required in only trace amounts and can only be obtained through the diet since it cannot be synthesized.

In other words… • Vitamins are “Vital amines” that we need to survive, but can’t make ourselves. • Most vitamins are coenzymes or are precursors to coenzymes, and many are antioxidants. • Your body can’t differentiate between synthetic and natural vitamins. • Fun Fact: 1g of B12 is enough for 500,000 people! Crazy right??

C.5.2 Deduce whether a vitamin is water or fat soluble from its structure.

Water Soluble Vitamins • There are nine total water soluble vitamins. and are found in aqueous environments inside cells, where most are needed as components of coenzymes. • Excess of these vitamins is excreted by urine, so it needs to be constantly replenished in small amounts. • These are carried by the blood-stream.

How do you recognize them? • Water soluble vitamins all have –OH, -COOH or other polar groups to make them water soluble. (more on this later…) • Example: Vitamin C and Vitamin B

Fun Fact • Ever wondered where the names B and C came from? They are the names of the test tubes where the vitamins were first recognized. Scientists later realized that test tube contained more than one type of vitamin, which resulted in vitamins B1, B6, B12 etc.

Fat Soluble Vitamins • These are stored in the body’s fat deposits and cell membranes. • Because they are not continuously excreted by the body, excess of fat soluble vitamins is more hazardous than water soluble since they can accumulate in body fats. • None has been identified as a coenzyme.

What do they look like? • The structures of fat soluble vitamins are more hydrocarbon-like and have less functional groups. • Nonpolar • Examples: Vitamins A, D, E & K

C.5.3 Describe the structures and major functions of retinol (vitamin A), calciferol (vitamin D) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

Retinol/Vitamin A • Fat Soluble • It has 3 active forms: retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid • It is produced by cleavage of (b) carotene (this is the molecule that gives carrots their orange color), so it is required for the synthesis of visual pigments • It is an antioxidant! How does it work? • Hint: Look at the functional groups at the end of each hydrocarbon chain...more to come!

What is Vitamin A used for? • It is essential for night vision (particularly rhodopsin), healthy eyes, normal development of epithelial tissues, formation of bone, reproduction and more! • Required for the production of rhodopsin (light-sensitive material in the rods of the retina). • Rhodopsin: a pigment of the retina that is responsible for both the formation of the photoreceptor cells and the first events in the perception of light.

Forms of Vitamin A http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/misc_topics/vitamina.gif

Vitamin A Deficiency • Deficiency can cause night blindness and xerophthalmia. • Xerophthalmia: is a medical condition in which the eye fails to produce tears; it may be caused due to a lack of vitamin A • Macular degeneration: a medical condition in which the light sensing cells in the macula (part of the retina) malfunction and, over time, cease to work (blindness).

Xerophthalmia http://www.milesresearch.com/eerf/images/xerophthalmia1.jpg http://www.milesresearch.com/eerf/images/bitot-step0.jpg

Calciferol/Vitamin D • Fat Soluble • It is related in structure to cholesterol. • It is synthesized when UV light from the sun strikes a cholesterol derivative in the skin. • In your kidney, vitamin D is converted to a hormone which regulates calcium absorption and bone formation.

Vitamin D Structure

Function and Deficiency of Vitamin D • Required for the uptake of calcium from food. Deficiency can cause weak bones (rickets). • Rickets: softening of the bones in children potentially leading to fractures and deformity; results from severe malnutrition and is predominant in developing countries • Osteomalacia is used to describe a similar condition occurring in adults. • Sufficient vitamin D levels can also be achieved through dietary supplementation. • Most dermatologists recommend vitamin D supplementation as an alternative to unprotected UV exposure due to the increased risk of skin cancer associated with sun exposure.

Rickets http://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/global/david/dwe002/dwe002g/dwe00215g01.gif http://www.e-radiography.net/radpath/r/Rickets_wrist_healing.jpg

Ascorbic Acid/Vitamin C • Water Soluble • It is biologically active without any change in structure from the form it has in food. • It has been proven to be a valuable anti-oxidant (you will get to see this for yourself today!) • We are one of the few species that obtain it from our diet, most others synthesize it from glucose.

Structure of Vitamin C

Function of Vitamin C • Its most characteristic role is to function as a co-substrate in the formation of structural collagen • It makes up much of skin, ligaments, tendons, and also serves as matrix on which bone and teeth are formed.

What is Collagen? • Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals and the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% of the total protein content. • Fibrous structural protein • Bundles of collagen are called collagen fibers • Support most tissues • Gives cells structure inside and out • Main component of cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bone, teeth • Responsible for skin strength and elasticity

Collagen http://www.3dchem.com/imagesofmolecules/Collagen2.jpg

Deficiency of Vitamin C • Deficiency can cause scorbutus (scurvy). • Scurvy leads to the formation of liver spots on the skin, spongy gums, and bleeding from all mucous membranes.

Scurvy http://www.med.uc.edu/departme/cellbiol/Image7.gif http://www.faqs.org/nutrition/images/nwaz_02_img0214.jpg

Antioxidants and Preservatives • A substance that prevents oxidation by reacting w/ an oxidizing agent and gets oxidized itself. • Many foods get spoiled because they get oxidized, so they are protected by “phenolic” additives. • A naturally occurring phenolic antioxidant is vitamin E.

Antioxidants Continued… • Rancidity: it is when fats and oils develop an odor/flavor upon exposure to moist air, which is the result of the oxidation of the carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chains in the tri-glycerols. • So, antioxidants prevent rancidity in foods by preventing them from getting oxidized, by getting oxidized themselves. • Our principal dietary antioxidants are vitamins C, E, B, and selenium. These work by defusing the potentially harmful free radicals in the body

C.5.4 Describe the effects of food processing on the vitamin content of food.

Effects of Cooking on Vitamin Contents • Vitamins containing carbon-carbon double bonds and hydroxyl groups are easily oxidized and thus can be destroyed by prolonged cooking and high temperatures (which speeds up oxidation).

Vitamin C • Vitamin C is water soluble and readily oxidized. So boiling vegetables can deplete a lot of Vitamin C content. • Scurvy, from lack of vitamin C, was common in sailors because they spent long periods without fresh foods. • Solutions: • Keeping food refrigerated can slow the oxidation process. • Steaming foods instead of boiling

Vitamin C Oxidation http://online.redwoods.cc.ca.us/depts/science/chem/chem1A/Labs/VitaminC/VitaminC.gif

Other Vitamins • Vitamin D can be destroyed through oxidation by some bleaching agents used in manufacturing purified flour. • Vitamin A is not readily broken down by cooking.

Genetic Modification • Does not lower nutrition value/destroy vitamins • Increases food productivity • Food more resistant to disease/toxins • Better flavor texture, nutritional value and shelf life • May contaminate DNA or increase risk of a disease- long term effects are unknown

Genetically Modified Tomato

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The Best Time To Take Vitamins, According To Experts

By Tatiana Dias

We may earn a commission if you buy something from any affiliate links on our site.

There’s no doubt that a balanced diet is the best way to ensure that your body gets its required daily nutrient intake. But busy lifestyles mean that, sometimes, it takes more than just food to make this happen, which is where vitamins or multivitamins –an expert-approved, effective way to supplement your diet–come in. If you’re considering introducing a vitamin into your routine, here’s what the experts have to say about them, including the best time to take vitamins.

Should you take a multivitamin?

Nutritionist Suman Agarwal says a multivitamin can be beneficial at any age. “Anyone whose vitamin and mineral requirements are not met through regular food should consult their healthcare provider and consider starting a multivitamin daily,” she says.

Dr Vishakha Shivdasani points out that different vitamins are key at certain stages in life. “For example, pregnant women require folic acid and iron; women require iron while menstruating; vegetarians are most often deficient in B 12 ; if you’re older, you might need calcium , and most of the population requires vitamin D .”

What should your multivitamins contain?

Agarwal says your multivitamins should include all B-complex vitamins, to bolster the nutrients that are typically depleted as a result of our modern lifestyles and diet. She also highlights the benefits of trace minerals like zinc, selenium, iron, and calcium, along with fat-soluble vitamins like A, D and E. You can also benefit from antioxidants like lycopene and astaxanthin.

When is the best time to take vitamins?

• Vitamin C: After breakfast.
• Omega-3 like fish oil: After lunch. Taking Omega-3 with food may improve absorption and reduce unpleasant side effects.
• Iron: Iron is best absorbed on an empty stomach, so take it at least one hour before a meal, or two hours afterwards.
• B-Complex: Make sure to consume it in the first half of the day. According to Dr Shivdasani, it can cause wakefulness for some people if taken later in the day.
• Calcium: Best absorbed with food–particularly foods that are rich in vitamin D, which aids calcium absorption.
• Magnesium : Best taken 15 minutes before bedtime, for better sleep and relaxation.

Multivitamins that you should pair together

Iron and vitamin C work well together: vitamin C when taken with iron, enhances its absorption. And according to Dr Shivdasani, calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, and K2 work synergistically for bone health.

Multivitamins that interfere

While both zinc and copper are essential minerals, they compete for absorption. Taking high doses of zinc can interfere with copper absorption. Dr Shivdasani explains: “It’s generally recommended that you take them at different times of the day, for example, zinc in the morning followed by copper in the afternoon or evening. Calcium can interfere with iron absorption if you take them at the same time, she added.

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How to Make a “Good” Presentation “Great”

• Guy Kawasaki

Remember: Less is more.

A strong presentation is so much more than information pasted onto a series of slides with fancy backgrounds. Whether you’re pitching an idea, reporting market research, or sharing something else, a great presentation can give you a competitive advantage, and be a powerful tool when aiming to persuade, educate, or inspire others. Here are some unique elements that make a presentation stand out.

• Fonts: Sans Serif fonts such as Helvetica or Arial are preferred for their clean lines, which make them easy to digest at various sizes and distances. Limit the number of font styles to two: one for headings and another for body text, to avoid visual confusion or distractions.
• Colors: Colors can evoke emotions and highlight critical points, but their overuse can lead to a cluttered and confusing presentation. A limited palette of two to three main colors, complemented by a simple background, can help you draw attention to key elements without overwhelming the audience.
• Pictures: Pictures can communicate complex ideas quickly and memorably but choosing the right images is key. Images or pictures should be big (perhaps 20-25% of the page), bold, and have a clear purpose that complements the slide’s text.
• Layout: Don’t overcrowd your slides with too much information. When in doubt, adhere to the principle of simplicity, and aim for a clean and uncluttered layout with plenty of white space around text and images. Think phrases and bullets, not sentences.

As an intern or early career professional, chances are that you’ll be tasked with making or giving a presentation in the near future. Whether you’re pitching an idea, reporting market research, or sharing something else, a great presentation can give you a competitive advantage, and be a powerful tool when aiming to persuade, educate, or inspire others.

• Guy Kawasaki is the chief evangelist at Canva and was the former chief evangelist at Apple. Guy is the author of 16 books including Think Remarkable : 9 Paths to Transform Your Life and Make a Difference.

Partner Center

Antero Foundation presents $60,000 check to West Virginia-based ‘GameChanger’ program

B RIDGEPORT, W.Va. (WBOY) — On Wednesday, Antero Resources held a check presentation in its Bridgeport office location to present $60,000 to GameChanger for the expansion of its prevention education programs throughout West Virginia.

GameChanger is a multifaceted, student-powered substance misuse prevention program utilized in grades K-12 across 18 counties and 55 schools throughout West Virginia. According to GameChanger’s founder, the Antero Foundation has been a supportive donor since the program’s inception in 2018.

Gov. Jim Justice, who plays the role of “head coach” in the GameChanger programming, also paid a visit to Antero’s check presentation to speak on the importance of the program.

12 News spoke with GameChanger’s Founder and Executive Director Joe Bocek on, the significance of incorporating this program in early education.

“Prevention is the key. Just think about it, if a child never picks up any type of a drug, there’s no addiction. If there’s no addiction, there’s no market for fentanyl. If there’s no market for fentanyl, fentanyl goes away in the United States. We have to start young and teach the kids about being healthy with their bodies, living healthy lifestyles and teach them about all the adverse effects that using drugs can have on their bodies,” said Bocek.

The $60,000 will go toward the expansion of GameChanger’s prevention education in Harrison, Doddridge, Richie, Tyler and Wetzel counties.

You can learn more about GameChanger through its website .

For the latest news, weather, sports, and streaming video, head to WBOY.com.

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Multivitamins Brand MK Plan

Multivitamins brand mk plan presentation, free google slides theme and powerpoint template.

Are you a pharmaceutical lab that develops multivitamin products for people who need them? Then you'll need a vigorous template like this one to catch everyone's attention during your presentation! All backgrounds have a gradient (in blue tones), and most of the layouts come with colorful circular shapes representing vitamins... or parts of the composition on that certain slide! There are all kinds of resources such as graphs or infographics to better detail your data!

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