cattle feed manufacturing business plan

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Cattle Feed Business Plan – Formulation, Production

Table of contents, cattle feed formulation, setup cattle feed processing plant, importance of nutrients for cattle, cattle feed ingredients and nutrition, compound cattle feed, how compound cattle feed is manufactured, raw materials for cattle feed manufacturing, investment for animal feed production business, factors for starting cattle feed production business plan, fodder for cattle, steps for starting a cattle feed production business, tips for feeding dairy cattle, market potential and marketing of your cattle feed, importance of cattle feed in milk production, recommendations for feeding cattle feed, packing, marking, and labeling cattle feed.

Cattle Feed Business Plan

Hello friends, we are here with a new topic called “ Cattle Feed Business Plan “. A livestock feed production business is a profitable business if it is located in an area where considerable numbers of livestock farms exist. Animal feed referred to a food item that is consumed by domestic animals. Livestock farmers are always looking for formulated food that is somewhat necessary for the proper growth and nourishment of livestock. In this article we also covered the below topics about cattle feed business;

Animal feed making business
How to set up a cattle feed processing plant
Cattle feed business profitable or not
How profitable is the cattle feed production business

A Step-by-Step Guide to Cattle Feed Business Plan

The animal feed industry deals with food given to animals in cattle, poultry animals, and aquaculture sectors as part of animal husbandry. The feed industry enjoys economies of scale and if you are starting for animal feed production business, you want a thoroughly analyzed plan to earn you an advantage for a good initial market share.

Cattle Feed Market Report – Industry Coverage
By Ingredients – Grains, Brans, Others
By Additives – Vitamins, Antibiotics, Others
By End-user – Feed, Fodder, others

Cattle feed encompasses various types of forages like grass, legumes, silage which is mainly used as dairy cattle feed along with soy, grain, and other elements. Cattle feed is an edible and rich source of nutrients for growing, milk-producing, and pregnant cattle. Then, the maximum share of cattle feed production is held by the southern parts of India. So, the cattle feed production business is profitable.

Farmers face several challenges when caring for cattle, including providing more feed to them. Then, they have to order bulk supplies and distribute feed evenly among many cattle. The global cattle feed market is intended to supplant the older model and farmers have a chance to keep their cattle healthy. The developing world is pushing up demand in several ways.

To setting up a cattle feed processing plant or starting cattle feed manufacturing business you have to make a complete business plan, make a customized feed mill layout design. The cattle feed market has been segmented based on feed ingredients like corn, soybean meal, wheat, oilseeds, and other ingredients.

The formulation of cattle feed mainly depends on the several of cattle, milk yield, and dairy ration, etc. While formulating the cattle feed, the availability of the basic raw materials must be kept in mind.

“Cattle feed” means any ground, pelleted, mixture feed, balanced for nutrients intended for the cattle feeding;

(i) Calf starter meal from the age of approximately 8 weeks and up to approximately 26 weeks and calf growth meal from the age of about 26 weeks and up to approximately 108 weeks;

(ii) Compounded cattle feed for cattle and buffaloes from the age of approximately above 108 weeks;

(iii) Proprietary feeds developed through the purpose of increasing productivity and reducing the cost of milk production, which include bypass protein feed, and mineral salt lick, etc.

(vi) Straw-based feed, manufactured by using food crops byproducts along with other feed ingredients.

Setting up cattle feed processing units can take benefits of this trend to make money easily. It doesn’t need a huge budget. There are two most important points to be considered when setting up a livestock feed production mill or starting livestock feed manufacturing, one is the feeding ingredients, you best have the unique formula, the second is the advanced feed processing equipment and technology.

Good cattle feed formula – Decide what nutrients a specific animal needs, gain weight, and stay healthy. Come up with a breakdown of livestock feed formulation based on livestock variety and additives like vitamins, amino acids, enzymes, minerals, then decide what to produce, for example, if it is cattle feed, will consider it be beef cattle feed or dairy feed?

Purchase the Cattle Feed Ingredients – Based on the cattle feed formula you have decided to use, and get the ingredients.

Maize, cassava grits, and corn ingredients are popular for energy
Get wheat wastes for proteins and some carbohydrates
Bone meals, fish, oyster shells, palm kernel for oils, salts, and minerals

The machinery you need is determined by the feed you want to produce. Some of the essential cattle feed processing equipment are grinder, mixer, pelleting machine, freezer, weight scale, packaging bags, etc., are important to complete cattle feed production factory.

By using well-balanced nutrients for cattle can maximize profits. An animal’s diet must have the essential nutrients in appropriate amounts and ratios. The nutrients for cattle that are basic to good cattle nutrition, and use well-balanced feeds succeed in supplying these nutrients. Though, to better understand how feeds are used, it is important to understand the digestion process in animals.

Cattle need proper nutrient feed for maintaining good health and better milk yield. Some essential feed ingredients are a good nutrient supplement to cattle for promoting growth. Some of the important cattle feed ingredients include corn, wheat, soya bean, and other grains. Grains are mainly considered as the best cattle feed as it has high nutritional content such as proteins, minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, and fiber, etc. Normally, wheat is a digestible source of nutrients added to cattle feed ingredients for maintaining a proper digestion process.

Proper intake of these cattle feed ingredients helps in maintaining health and promotes a high yield of milk. Also, these ingredients help in the physical development of the cattle.

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Corn – Energy Ingredient
Wheat – Selenium, vitamin content
Soya bean – protein source
Rice barn – Source of carbohydrate
Oat Hulls – Source of fiber

Compound cattle feed is a mixture of several concentrate feed ingredients in suitable proportion. The commonly used feed ingredients in compound cattle feed are grains, brans, protein meals or cakes, agro-industrial by-products, minerals, and vitamins.

In India there are only two types of compound cattle feeds are manufactured for adult animals. National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) promotes the use of different compound feeds like calf starter, calf growth meal, feed for high yielding animals, feed for low yielding animals, buffalo feed, and feed for dry pregnant animals, etc.

Firstly, feed ingredients are taken in a batch mixer from the raw material storage godown. After mixing, all raw materials are ground to a uniform particle size of about 3 mm. The ground material is further mixed. Materials used in feed formulation in smaller quantities like vitamins, minerals, urea, calcite powder, and common salt, etc., are mixed in a ribbon mixer using proper diluents and stored in one of the storage bins.

Ground material and molasses are mixed in a twin-screw type mixer. Usually, molasses are added by 10% in cattle feed, if the cost is very high, some sweetening agent could be used in place of molasses. Molasses feed is mixed with the dry steam before pelleting. The temperature level of steamed feed is in the range of 75-80°C. Though, steamed feed is converted to pellets by passing it through a cylindrical die and then press roller. Generally, an 8 mm die is used for the production of pelleted feed.

The important raw materials for cattle feed are Wheat bran, Groundnut extraction (or cake), Rice bran extraction or cottonseed bran, Maize, Cottonseed, Molasses, Salt, Calcium carbonate, Mineral mixture, and Vitamin mix, etc.

Cattle feed contains grains, brans, cakes, mineral mixtures, and vitamins as a protein source, energy, minerals, and vitamins. Also, additives loaded with vitamins, minerals, acidifiers, antibiotics, amino acids, enzymes, and antioxidants boost the cattle yielding capacity.

The animal feed production business demands two types of capital investment and they are of the following;

Firstly, Fixed Capital
Secondly, Working Capital

The above types of Animal Feed Production Business can be explained in the below;

Fixed Capital – It is defined as a one-time investment that consists of fixed money and no need to invest again and again

Working Capital – Working Capital includes the following;

Firstly, Employees
Secondly, Daily expenses
Thirdly, Raw material
Lastly, Transportation.

1. The Target market

Analyze the potential of your selected production line thoroughly.

2 . A Detailed Market Research

Do market research on the cattle in your local area; and if you are planning to sell your plan to investors, you have to explain the uniqueness of a specific plan as compared to existing players. Select the most attractive segment in the area with your revenue projections by establishing your basic achievable market share.

3. Equipment and Personnel

The cattle feed production business investment will focus on the business equipment. Also, you could invest in customized equipment for your needs which will call for more investment, use expert advice on the feed plant machinery you need before budgeting.

4. Location

A location for the cattle feed production business plan is closest to the customers. Also, you want your site to be as close to your suppliers as possible, the further you move from your customers the higher your distribution cost and advertising cost.

5. Raw Materials and Suppliers

It is very important to plan for bulk buying in harvest seasons for plant-based materials for the best prices, in your business plan; you want to explain the material source and possible suppliers after your market evaluation.

6. Feed Formula

Low-quality feeds in any market will push you out of business or can cause legal hurdles for your startup business.

A fodder can feed a vast variety of livestock for milk production. Depending on feed costs of hay and grain, fodder can produce a higher quality feed for less money than traditional systems.
Good silage is yellow-brown color, with a characteristic acid fruity smell, and then just exudes moisture when squeezed.
Jowar and maize are the best crops appropriate for ensiling. All non-leguminous fodder crops except turnip and rape.
Hybrid Napier, Sudan grass, Berseem, Oats cow pia, millets are also suitable crops. They have to be wilted for 3 to 4 to increase dry matter to around 35% before ensiling. The crop is chaffed 2 to 4 cm in length and packed airtight in a trench silo.
Normally, the forage crop from 0.3 ha in a circular silo 3 meters diameter, and 2.5 meters depth are enough to feed 5 animals by 20 kg/day for 150 days.
Increasing the pure legume tonnage sugar content adds about 2 to 3 gallons of molasses and water each for 1 ton of green forage. The airtight pit stacked with fodder would be ready in 90 days with a pH of 5.8 and a lactic acid % of about 0.1.
Excess of butyric acid formation would lead to more proteolysis thereby reducing the digestibility and also intake of silage by cattle. The best quality silage has a pH of 4.2, lactic acid 10.5%, and Butyric acid 0%.

You can start a cattle feed business with a small amount of capital also but you need to follow some basic steps before getting started.

The cattle feed industry is a major ingredient of the animal feed industry. The cattle feed manufactures are using increasingly modern methods to incorporate best practices. The cattle feed industry has got high growth potential, given that India is the world’s leading milk producer and production. The demand outlook will need dairy companies to step up production and get higher animal yields on the back of superior feed and nutrition.

Step 1) Do a Market Research

Firstly, you need to do thorough research on your local market. At first, you must identify the demand of the livestock farmers in your area and then select a particular category of animal feed with which you will continue further. The other important aspect is to look at competitors who are formulating the same type of animal feed. By considering their strengths and faults in the businesses, you can prepare a solid strategy to stake up against them. Then, you can talk to other business owners who are not in competition with you or doing business in another region.

Step 2) Prepare a Comprehensive Business Plan

Then, you should craft an effective business plan to get success in this venture. You want to consider every aspect involved in the business like your business objective and the scale of business operations, start-up expenses, financial and marketing plan, etc. As you have already decided the category of livestock for which you want to provide feed, you want to study the food necessities of the group of animals for which you desire to produce.

Step 3) Feed Formulation

There is a specific formula of cattle feed for each type of animal and you have to identify the right one for the feeds you are going to produce. If it is not properly formed by mixing the raw materials in an exact ratio, you will lose customers as they would not get expected results after using this feed. To find out the right cattle feed formulation, you should gain knowledge of the dietary needs of the animals you want to manufacture.

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Concentrate should be fed individually based on production requirements.
Be consistent in your feeding – Both time of day and feed quantity is critical to feeding the cattle. Always feed your cattle every day or within 30 minutes of the target time. Consistency is simple but valuable. By providing consistent access to clean, fresh water at all times is also critical. Water drives feed intake, so making sure animals are drinking is important, especially in hot summer months.
To keep cattle well-fed and happy during the winter, there are some options. The easiest, but most expensive option is to switch to a feed with increased nutrients.
Another option is to find methods to feed cattle while limiting waste. Instead, deposit hay in a hay feeder and make sure there are enough feeders for all cattle to feed at once.
Regularity in feeding must be followed. Concentrate mixture can be fed before milking and half in the morning and the other half in the evening before the two milking timings.
Over-feeding concentrates can result in off feed and indigestion. The abrupt change in the feed should be avoided.
Long and thick-stemmed fodders such as Napier can be chopped and fed.
Highly moist and tender grasses can be wilted or mixed with straw before feeding.
Silage and other feeds, which can impart flavor to milk, maybe fed after milking. The concentrated mixture in the form of mash can be moistened with water and fed immediately. Pellets can be fed as such.
All feeds should be stored properly in well-ventilated and dry places. Mouldy or otherwise damaged feed must not be fed. The optimum concentrate roughage ratio on a dry matter basis must be 60:40 for high-yielding animals.

Because of the intensive cattle development program which has already been taken on hand by the State Government, the success of these development projects depends mainly on the availability of well-balanced cattle feed. Cattle feed envisages the future scope for the development of this industry. The demands for milk and meat is increasing in most of the world and therefore the farmers are now more concerned over the health and yield of the cattle which is serving the global cattle feed market development.

There are many ways you can adopt for marketing of cattle feed;

Supply stores – introduce your cattle feed to supply stores and let them act as a middleman
Direct sales representatives – search for the sale representatives for feed product
Establish your distribution outlet
Sell Online

By establishing cattle feed processing plant and start cattle feed-making business can be huge potential to get profits in the feed business.

Generally, cattle feed formed by the Milk Unions is a balanced source of essential nutrients required for body maintenance and development in milk production.
Cattle feed is manufactured by using good quality grains, oil cakes, common salt, minerals, brans, molasses, and vitamins.
Also, it is cheaper and highly palatable to the animals.

Cattle feed mainly contains protein, energy, minerals, and vitamins required for the growth, maintenance, and animal milk production. Also, it is useful to feed extra cattle feed to pregnant animals for proper development.

Milk production as well as the fat content of milk increases reproductive efficiency. Milking cattle should be fed about 2 kg of compound feed for body maintenance and also 400 g to cows for every liter of milk produced.

(1) Every holder of a registration certificate shall comply with the below requirements;

Cattle feed can be packed in clean and plain jute or paper bags, in such quantities as may be specified by the Registering Authority. Though, the mouth of each bag should be machine-stitched;
Mineral mixture shall be packed in moisture-proof sound and also clean bags, free from causal agents of infectious diseases in such quantities as may be specified by the Registering Authority;
Every bag in which cattle feed is packed bear the registration number, name and business address and manufacturer trade name, net weight in kg at the packing time, and the maximum retail price;
Every bag in which cattle feed is packed shall indicate the type.

(2) Each bag in which cattle feed is packed shall have a printed leaflet, format of which shall be approved by the Registering Authority, and this indicating batch number, date of manufacture, address of the manufacturer, feed ingredients used in manufacturing cattle feed, vitamins, feed supplements added with their proportions and other particulars as may be stipulated by the Expert Committee.

(3) The leaflet shall contain a declaration about the non-use of certain mineral salts as stipulated by the Expert Committee.

(4) The labels or marks shall not contain any statement, claim, design, or device which is false or misleading in any particulars concerning the cattle feed and also mineral mixture contained in a package or the value of such feed;

(5) No person shall manufacture Proprietary cattle feed without the prior written approval of the Registering Authority.

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How to Start a Profitable Animal Feed Manufacturing Business

July 3, 2023
by Next What Business Research Team

The success of commercial livestock farming largely depends on the continuous supply of good quality nutritious feeds. Around the world, the major portion of livestock caters to cattle and poultry farming. So, making animal feed is a profitable business across the globe, especially in small towns or rural areas. This article serves as a comprehensive guide to help you understand the key steps involved in setting up an animal feed manufacturing business.

The animal feed manufacturing industry plays a vital role in supporting the agriculture and livestock sectors by providing nutritious and balanced feed for various animals. If you have a passion for animal nutrition and want to contribute to the growth of the agriculture industry, starting an animal feed manufacturing business can be a rewarding venture.

11 Steps to Start Animal Feed Manufacturing Business

1. conduct market research.

Before starting any business, it is essential to conduct thorough market research . Analyze the demand for animal feed in your target market, identify potential customers such as livestock farmers, pet owners, and animal breeders, and understand their specific requirements. Study the competition, market trends, pricing dynamics, and regulatory frameworks in the animal feed industry to identify unique selling points and market positioning strategies for your business.

2. Get Trained

New entrepreneurs generally look for training sessions to get technical knowledge. In India, different Govt authorities provide training on manufacturing technology. Find the list of training centers on feed formulation and quality control.

Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar – 243 122 (Uttar Pradesh)
Haryana Agricultural University, College of Animal Sciences, Hissar – 125 004
Regional Feed Analytical Laboratory, Govt. of India, CPBF Campus, Industrial Area, Chandigarh 160 002
Govt. of Maharashtra Feed Analytical Laboratory, C/o. Wool Research Centre, Sheed Breeding Farms, Gokhale Nagar, Pune 411 016.
Regional Feed Analytical Laboratory, Govt. of India, C/o. Central Poultry Breeding Farms, Aarey Milk Colony, Mumbai 400 065.
B V Rao Institute of Poultry Management & Technology, Urlikanchan, Pune, Maharashtra
Central Poultry Training Institute, Govt. of India, Hessarghatta, Bangalore 560 088
TAPCO Feed Analytical Labs, No.2, Chamiers Road, Nandanam, Chennai 500 035
ICAR Research Complex for North East Region, Bishnupur, Shillong 793 004
Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneshwar 751 003

3. Develop a Business Plan

Develop a detailed business plan that outlines your company’s vision, goals, target market, marketing strategies, production process, and financial projections. This plan will serve as a roadmap for your business and help secure funding from investors or financial institutions.

4. Legal and Regulatory Compliance

Ensure compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements for establishing an animal feed manufacturing unit. This includes obtaining necessary permits, licenses, adhering to safety standards, and meeting quality control and labeling regulations. Consult with local authorities and legal professionals to understand the specific regulations governing the animal feed manufacturing industry in your region.

Some of the basic legal processes you need to follow are mentioned below:

First of all, register your business .
Obtain Trade License
Apply for MSME Udyog Aadhaar online registration
Obtain ‘NOC’ from the state Pollution Control Board.
Apply for BIS certification for ISI Mark
Apply for GST Registration number
Finally, you can protect your brand name through Trademark registration.

5. Manufacturing Plant & Machinery

You can start this manufacturing business with an area of 600 Sq Ft. In addition, you must provide utilities like electricity and water. Some of the basic required machines are

Disintegrator with motor, starter, pulley, V belt, stand, etc
Ribbon blender 1 MT capacity with motor, starter, reduction gear, gearbox
Gyratory sifter with motor starter extra sieve etc
Platform weighing machine
Bag sealing machine
Testing Equipment
Miscellaneous equipment

6. Setup Manufacturing Facility

Set up a well-equipped manufacturing facility that meets the production requirements of animal feed. Consider factors such as factory size, layout, machinery, and equipment needed for the manufacturing process. Install equipment for grinding, mixing, pelletizing, and packaging, ensuring adherence to hygiene and safety standards.

7. Source Quality Ingredients

Identify reliable suppliers for sourcing high-quality ingredients required for animal feed production. These include grains, protein sources, vitamins, minerals, and additives. Establish relationships with reputable suppliers who can provide consistent quality ingredients at competitive prices.

8. Formulate Animal Feed Recipes

Develop scientifically formulated feed recipes that meet the nutritional requirements of different animals. Consult with animal nutritionists or experts to create balanced and customized feed formulas. Consider factors such as age, species, breed, and specific dietary needs of the target animals.

9. Manufacturing Process

The manufacturing process for animal feed involves several steps:

Ingredient Preparation: Clean, sort, and grind the ingredients to the desired particle size for uniform mixing.
Mixing: Combine the ingredients in the appropriate proportions to create a well-balanced feed mixture. Use specialized mixers or blenders to achieve thorough and consistent blending.
Pelletizing: Convert the mixed feed into pellets using a pellet mill. This process enhances feed digestibility, reduces waste, and improves handling and storage.
Quality Control: Implement stringent quality control measures at every stage of the manufacturing process. Conduct regular testing to ensure that the feed meets nutritional standards and safety regulations.

10. Cost of Starting Animal Feed Manufacturing Business

Generally, this type of manufacturing business demands two types of capital investment. One is fixed capital and another is working capital investment. Working capital cost includes raw material, staffing, transportation, and other daily basis expenses. However, keep in mind, this type of product demand adequate distribution after production. And it attracts a moderate capital investment in marketing and transportation.

In India, you can avail of financial assistance from NABARD . However, you must prepare a bankable project report to avail of the subsidy from NABARD.

11. Distribution and Marketing

Develop a distribution network to reach your target customers efficiently. Establish partnerships with distributors, retailers, and farmers’ cooperatives to ensure the widespread availability of your animal feed products. Implement effective marketing strategies, such as online and offline advertising, participation in trade shows, and building strong relationships with veterinarians and agricultural consultants.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the market opportunities in the animal feed manufacturing industry.

The animal feed manufacturing industry offers significant growth opportunities due to the increasing demand for high-quality and specialized feed products. The rise in livestock production, the growing pet population, and the focus on animal health and nutrition contribute to the market’s growth potential.

How can I ensure the quality and safety of my animal feed products?

Implement a comprehensive quality control system, including regular testing of raw materials and finished products. Adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and follow quality standards set by regulatory authorities. Maintain strict hygiene protocols and ensure proper storage and transportation of the feed products.

What are the challenges in the animal feed manufacturing business?

Some challenges in the animal feed manufacturing business include sourcing quality ingredients consistently, managing production costs, dealing with price fluctuations of raw materials, and staying updated with changing regulations. Building brand recognition and competing with established players in the market can also be a challenge.

How to Setup a Cattle Feed Processing Plant?

When starting a cattle feed manufacturing business or setting up a cattle feed processing plant , you have to make a complete business plan, make customized feed mill layout design. You should also study your customers - the animal varieties they keep and the market trend. We are a professional manufacturer and supplier of cattle feed pellet mills, you can contact us for more information.

cattle feed processing business plan and layout design

Statistics show that the market of feed additives is expanding at a 7% rate. This is due to the rise in demand for safe and high quality meat. Consumers want their meat and milk to be free from antibiotics and bacteria. Farmers therefore are striving to keep their animals properly fed and healthy, which provides great opportunities for the animal feed production industry. ( Related Post: Animal Feed Production Line >> )

Setup a Cattle Feed Processing Plant [Business Plan]

Setting up a livestock feed production mill can take advantage of this trend to make money easily. It doesn’t require a huge budget. There are two most important things one should take into consideration when setting up a livestock feed production mill or starting livestock feed manufacturing, one is the ingredients, you best have the unique formula, the other is the advanced feed processing technology and equipment. (Project Report: 1 ton/h Cheap Cattle Feed Making Machine Set )

If you are interested in opening a cattle feed processing factory but don't know where to start, please send us an inquiry to get a customized feed processing project plan with detailed cost analysis for FREE!

how to start your own production line with best business plan

Get the Good Cattle Feed Formula for Your Feed Mill

It is very important to come up with a good feed formula to mix ingredients by doing market research. Obviously, the cattle feed formula is different from the poultry and fish feed. Determine what nutrients a specific animal the farmers keep needs so as to grow, gain weight and stay healthy. Come up with a breakdown of livestock feed formulation based on livestock variety and additives, such as vitamins, amino acids, enzymes, minerals, then decide what to produce, for instance, if it is cattle feed, will it be beef cattle feed or dairy feed?

Purchase the Ingredients for Feed Processing

Based on the feed formula you have decided to use, go ahead and get the ingredients. Here is the breakdown, most of which are readily available in Africa, Asia, America and more.

(图片：与下面相符合的原料图片描述：raw materials for making cattle feed)

Maize, cassava grits and corn are popular for energy
Get wheat or noodle wastes for proteins and some carbohydrates
Bone meals, fish, oyster shells, dagaa, palm kernel for oils, salts and minerals

Buy Cattle Feed Processing Equipment for Your Business

001	002	003	004	005	006	007	008	009
mixer	loader	stock bin	feeder	pelleting machine	belt conveyor	cooler	belt conveyor	packing machine

The machinery you need is determined by the feed you want to produce. Grinder, mixer, pelleting machine, freezer, sifter, weight scale, packaging bags and more are some of the necessary feed processing equipment for starting a complete cattle feed production factory. Here you can see a 3-5 ton/h cattle feed manufacturing process flow chart . This process and layout was designed for one of our clients in Mali, West Africa. Just feel free to contact us to get more information about this feed milling factory in Africa.

If you just want to make small scale cattle feed pellets for your own use, a set of small cattle feed pellet machine s is enough.
If you want to start a small feed making business around your village, our Movable Cattle Feed Plant for Small Business should be your best choice.

Marketing of Your Cattle Feed Pellets

This is the challenging part, especially for beginners. How do you get your pelleted feed product out there? There are many ways you can adopt.

(图片：不同原料的牛饲料颗粒描述：different kidns of cattle feed pellet for different growing stage)

Supply stores: introduce your feed to livestock supply stores and let them act as middleman
Direct sales representatives: search for the sale representatives for your feed product
Establish your own distribution outlet
Sell Online

Establishing a cattle feed processing plant and starting your own feed making business can be a huge potential to get profits. For example, in many African families, animals are the most valuable property, from which they get dairy products, plough power among others. This traditional way of life offers a big opportunity for livestock feed processing mill s since there are increasing demands for the high quality feeds for farmers and farms.

Cattle Feed Production Layout Design for Business

Generally speaking, due to the difference in the feed formula of different customers, the needed equipment is different. In the end, the layout designs of every cattle feed plant is specially made. Thus, we will design the cattle feed making machine plant based on the actual situation and requirements of the customer.

(图片：完整的牛饲料加工厂图纸描述：general factory layout design for cattle feed production business)

And we have customized many animal feed production lines for our clients, and when they had received the equipment, they expressed their satisfaction with our design. Here are some successful animal feed production lines we have designed for our customers, you can take them for reference.

Project output	Project type
1TPH
10TPH
20TPH
40TPH
100TPH

As one professional manufacturer and supplier of animal feed making equipment, we are offering you the high quality and factory price equipment, best services. We are always here for you!

Video Display: 1ton/h Animal Feed Production Line

This video shows our custom-made cattle feed production equipment for our customers and some preparation before shipment. If you have any questions about cattle feed or other animal feed production, you can contact us quickly and we will be happy to help you!

If you are going to enter into the cattle feed business, you should take immediate actions to seize this opportunity. ABC Machinery can be your BEST partner, we can not only provide high quality and efficient cattle feed processing machines, but also customized cattle feed business plan, cattle feed plant layout and cattle feed business project report.

Global Cattle Feed Market - Increasing and Profitable

More and more people see more opportunities to invest profitably in setting up an animal feed manufacturing company or starting livestock feed manufacturing business.

The global cattle feed market is growing due to a high demand for beef and dairy products these days. Care for the cattle is important and people want to see the process improved if possible. The global cattle feed market is expected to undergo some changes.

Europe has long been the center for the projects that take place. But new markets are starting to develop in response to the rising demand. And emerging economies all across the world are increasing demand in many ways.
Brazil is the fastest growing market, followed by Mexico and Canada in that regard. These new markets could change the way that people view the beef industry today. ( Exporting News: 1TPH Cattle Feed Making Machine to Kuwait >> )
China and Vietnam are becoming more affluent, increasing demand for beef in those regions.
India and Japan are rising fast, further increasing demand in Asia these days.

In a word, the developing world is pushing up demand in a lot of ways. Asia and Latin America are two regions where development has taken place. Renewed demand for beef has amazed the farmers. They want to stay ahead of the curve if possible.

At the same time, the cattle feed manufacturers and suppliers are working to meet demand rates and set a new standard for the feed industry. Feeding millions of cattle can be a challenge for any country. But there are resources to help the new markets that are emerging. The global cattle feed market can be expected to grow soon. That is in response to many changes all over the world.

Farmers face many challenges when caring for cattle, including providing more feed to them. They have to order bulk supplies and distribute feed evenly among many cattle. The global cattle feed market is intended to supplant the older model. That will ensure that global demand is met and farmers have a chance to keep their cattle healthy.

Which machine is used to coarse crush before the crushing process of cattle feed production line?
General coarse crushing is also used hammer blade, but the raw materials used to make cattle feed is always the grain which are not particularly hard, generally do not need to carry out coarse crushing.
For one set of feed pellet making lines, can two 350 pellet milling machines produce the cattle feed and pig feed at the same time?
No, but if there are two pellet mills, you can separate them to do different types of feed with different formulas, while they can not be used to make cattle feed while making pig feed, which will cause the pollution of the inner part of the feed milling machine, and the pollution will cause shorten the life of feed machines.
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animal feed business plan : how to start and how profitable

Why starting animal feed business plan.

before starting to talk about how to start animal feed business, let us first introduce animal feed and the animal feed market, what is animal feed? Animal feed is nothing but food consumed by livestock in the process of animal husbandry. The success of commercial livestock farming depends to a large extent on the consistent provision of the highest quality nutritious feed.

While U.S. farmers spend about $220 billion a year on animal feed, globally, the picture isn’t all that different in Europe, Central America, and Asia. In fact, a 2010 study by the United Nations Programme estimated that, By 2020, there will be more demand that will grow by 75%, making animal feed production a great business that you just need to plan correctly.

Planning Your Small-Scale Animal Feed Business

In India, animal feed production business is an ancillary service of the primary industry. Commercial production of high quality animal feed is a profitable business which gives the growth of the animal husbandry industry and population demanding more resources. As demand increases, the price of these feeds will rise steadily as well, benefiting business owners. Hence, the future prospects for the business look good as the demand for animal products is increasing.

so according to the above information, just thinking about how to start animal feed business plan on a small scale. Don’t worry about starting. We will guide you on all the details such as where to get training for your animal feed manufacturing business, what is a legal license and registration. Mandatory, how profitable is animal feed business, how much investment in animal feed business? and what equipment needed to start animal feed business. Of course, you can start your animal feed business plan anywhere: for example in USA, in India, in Nigeria, in South Africa, in Kenya, and in Philippines and so on.

video of feed mill factory for animal feed business?

animal feed production line processing cattle feed, pig feed, how to start animal feed business

how profitable is animal feed business?

how profitable is animal feed business? it is not fixed, generally, the annual profit of a small feed factory is directly linked to the annual production capacity. That is to say, the higher the annual output, the higher the annual profit. Usually, the annual output of a small feed factory can reach about 2,000 tons. If the profit is calculated in tons, then the profit in one year amounts to about $100,000-$150,000. This calculation is based on a small feed factory with an annual production of 2000 tons. If you invest in a larger factory, the prospects for profit in the animal feed business are significantly greater.so do you want to invest in an animal feed pellet production line ?

how much investment in animal feed business?

You need two types of capital to run any feed production business: fixed capital and working capital. You need to invest in fixed capital for manufacturing your product, which includes machinery, setting up plants, and similar expenses. Working capital is necessary for paying salaries, overhead, raw materials, transportation, storage, etc.

If you want to invest in a larger animal feed business, you will need approximately $70-1.5 million to start this business. Purchasing quality feed mixer machine and feed pellet mill from suppliers requires most of the money. After that, you must continually supply the ingredients needed to make your food. Please note that the approximate figures above refer to the supply of machinery and materials and do not include the location of the plant or the area where the business is established. Factories can often be located in rural areas at low cost.

But if you just want to invest in a smaller animal feed business, the starting barrier for a small feed mill is still low compared to the investment costs of a large feed mill , which often run into the millions. Typical investment costs are around $20,000 to $100,000. Of course, the costs are only estimates, and the exact costs are subject to the actual situation.

what equipment needed to start animal feed business?

Small feed factories generally refer to the kind of production and processing factories that are similar to family workshops. The required site requirements are not high. You only need to purchase 1 feed crusher, 1 feed mixer, 1 feed pellet machine and 1 sealer, and then purchase some processing raw materials. Such as fish meal, corn, soybean, whey powder, rapeseed meal, etc., basically have the ability of feed production and processing. but if you invest in large feed factory, you need more equipment. you can check our list of feed mill machinery here.

how to start animal feed business plan?

1. need to know the specific procedures for setting up a factory.

this is the first step of how to start animal feed business plan, To open a small pellet production line , you need to go to the local industrial and commercial bureau for industrial and commercial registration, then obtain a production and operation license, and apply for a tax registration certificate at the taxation department. For the related procedures of tax exemption of products, it is generally recommended to apply for trademark registration at the county or provincial level in the industrial and commercial department, considering the protection of feed brands.

2. Pay attention to the choice of venue

The location of the cattle feed business plan should be closest to the customer. Also, you need your business to be as close to suppliers as possible. The further away you are from your customers, the more you will have to pay for advertising and delivery. Generally, a small feed factory needs to have an independent factory area, the production workshop needs to meet the requirements of the production process, and the traffic should be convenient. Lighting, dust removal, ventilation and firefighting measures.

what equipment needed to start animal feed business

3. people and equipment

equipment is most importance in how to start animal feed business, equipment requirements are simple and efficient, with a focus on production performance that allows equipment manufacturers to select affordable parts and maintain easy-to-maintain service. Relatively speaking, the return on investment for feed mills is still relatively high. If we can continue to improve the quality of our products while working to build our team and do precise work in our local regional market, the outlook is still very promising.

4. Conduct thorough market research

Conduct market research on the livestock in your area and plan to provide your ideas to investors. Choose the most attractive areas to market your plan and calculate your revenue projections to set your initial market share.

5. Supply and Raw Materials

It is critical to consider buying in bulk during the harvest season to get the highest prices for plant-based materials. Include this in your business plan. You will need to describe the sources of materials and possible suppliers after a market assessment.

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Home > Resources > Setup a Cattle Feed Processing Plant: Business Plan & Layout Design

Setup a Cattle Feed Processing Plant: Business Plan & Layout Design

How much does it cost to start a cattle feed pellet manufacturing business?

Setup a Cattle Feed Processing Plant [Business Plan]

Get the Good Cattle Feed Formula for Your Feed Mill

Purchase the Ingredients for Feed Processing

Based on the feed formula you have decided to use, go ahead and get the ingredients. Here is the breakdown, most of which are readily available in Africa, Asia, America and more.

Maize, cassava grits and corn are popular for energy

Get wheat or noodle wastes for proteins and some carbohydrates

Bone meals, fish, oyster shells, dagaa, palm kernel for oils, salts and minerals

Buy Cattle Feed Processing Equipment for Your Business

Small Feed Pellet Line

The machinery you need is determined by the feed you want to produce. Grinder, mixer, pelleting machine, freezer, sifter, weight scale, packaging bags and more are some of the necessary feed processing equipment for starting a complete cattle feed production factory. Here you can see a 3-5 ton/h cattle feed manufacturing process flow chart. This process and layout was designed for one of our clients in Mali, West Africa. Just feel free to contact us to get more information about this feed milling factory in Africa.

If you just want to make small scale cattle feed pellets for your own use, a set of small cattle feed pellet machines is enough.

If you want to start a small feed making business around your village, our Movable Cattle Feed Plant for Small Business should be your best choice.

Marketing of Your Cattle Feed Pellets

This is the challenging part, especially for beginners. How do you get your pelleted feed product out there? There are many ways you can adopt.

Supply stores: introduce your feed to livestock supply stores and let them act as middleman

Direct sales representatives: search for the sale representatives for your feed product

Establish your own distribution outlet

Sell Online

Establishing a cattle feed processing plant and starting your own feed making business can be a huge potential to get profits. For example, in many African families, animals are the most valuable property, from which they get dairy products, plough power among others. This traditional way of life offers a big opportunity for livestock feed processing mills since there are increasing demands for the high quality feeds for farmers and farms.

Cattle Feed Production Layout Design for Business

As one professional manufacturer and supplier of animal feed making equipment , we are offering you the high quality and factory price equipment, best services. We are always here for you!

Global Cattle Feed Market - Increasing and Profitable

More and more people see more opportunities to invest profitably in setting up an animal feed manufacturing company or starting livestock feed manufacturing business.

Global Cattle Feeding Systems Market

Europe has long been the center for the projects that take place. But new markets are starting to develop in response to the rising demand. And emerging economies all across the world are increasing demand in many ways.

Which machine is used to coarse crush before the crushing process of cattle feed production line?

General coarse crushing is also used hammer blade, but the raw materials used to make cattle feed is always the grain which are not particularly hard, generally do not need to carry out coarse crushing.

For one set of feed pellet making lines, can two 350 pellet milling machines produce the cattle feed and pig feed at the same time?

No, but if there are two pellet mills, you can separate them to do different types of feed with different formulas, while they can not be used to make cattle feed while making pig feed, which will cause the pollution of the inner part of the feed milling machine, and the pollution will cause shorten the life of feed machines.

PROTEIN SOURCES FOR THE ANIMAL FEED INDUSTRY

Domestic animals continue to make important contributions to global food supply and, as a result, animal feeds have become an increasingly critical component of the integrated food chain. Livestock products account for about 30 percent of the global value of agriculture and 19 percent of the value of food production, and provide 34 percent of protein and 16 percent of the energy consumed in human diets. Meeting consumer demand for more meat, milk, eggs and other livestock products is dependent to a major extent on the availability of regular supplies of appropriate, cost-effective and safe animal feeds. Few issues have generated as much public concern in recent times, however, as the protein supply in feeds for livestock production.

Not only is the demand for livestock products increasing markedly due to population growth, particularly in the developing world, but feed suppliers also have to cope with increasing safety concerns, epitomized by the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or mad cow disease crisis, associated with the feeding of meat and bone meal (MBM). There is also anxiety about the use of genetically modified crops such as soybean and maize and concern about incidents involving chemical contamination (e.g., dioxin) of feeds. The considerable and increasing demand for animal protein is focusing attention on the sources of feed protein and their suitability, quality and safety for future supply. Consumers in the market are increasingly demanding assurances about food safety and production methods throughout the integrated food chain.

Responding to these issues and related prospects for future livestock production, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), with the support of the International Feed Industry Federation (IFIF), organized an Expert Consultation in Bangkok from April 29 to May 3 2002 to consider ‘Alternative Strategies and Sources of Protein for the Animal Feed Industry’. The consultation and following workshop were attended by 70 participants from 26 countries, representing developed, developing and transition countries.

This Executive Summary highlights some of the key issues raised. These are developed in greater detail in the following papers from contributors, and pose some important questions that still need to be addressed.

A ‘Livestock Revolution’

Several contributors referred to the strongly demand-led ‘livestock revolution’ that is taking place, as a result of the rapidly growing world population, income growth, increasing urbanization, changes in lifestyles and food preferences. In addition, global drivers for change in certain livestock sectors (such as poultry) include increasing consumer health concerns, the continuing growth of fast food chains and increasing consumption of convenience and processed foods.

Further justification, if required, for the FAO meeting is emphasized in some of the following statements from different presenters which highlight pressures on the animal feed industry. These are based on predictions from the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) IMPACT (International Model for Policy Analysis of Commodities and Trade) studies on the ‘Livestock Revolution’.

Global demand for meat products will increase by 58 percent between 1995 and 2020. Consumption of meat will rise from 233 million t in 2000 to a possible 300 million t by 2020; milk consumption will increase from 568 to 700 million t by 2020, and there will be an estimated 30 percent increase in egg production.

Consumption of meat grew three times faster in developing countries than in the developed world between the 1970s and 1990s, much of this is being explained by consumption in Asia.

Between 1995 and 2020, about 97.5 percent of the global population increase will be in developing countries, by which time 84 percent of the world’s people (an estimated 6.3 billion) will be living in developing nations.

Meat demand in the developing world will double by 2020. Between the mid-1970s and 1995, meat consumption in the developing world rose from 11 kg to 23 kg per person. Two major contributors to this demand were China and Brazil. With China and Brazil excluded, the increase per person was from 11 kg to 15 kg per caput.

Global demand for poultry meat will increase by up to 85 percent, beef by 80 percent and pig meat by 45 percent by 2020 (from 1995).

The growth of meat and milk consumption in the developing world is predicted to be 2.8 percent and 3.3 percent annually from 1990 to 2020, in marked contrast to 0.6 percent and 0.2 percent in developed countries.

Much of the predicted increase in consumption in the developing world will be of poultry and pig meat, as well as milk. The world meat economy has been driven both by the pig sector in China and rapid growth in the global poultry industry. During the last 30 years, the poultry share of total meat consumed has increased from 13 to 28 percent, with the USA, Brazil and Thailand being major contributors to production. Future increases in this sector are also likely to be boosted by considerable annual increases in both egg and broiler production in India.

Consumption in the developing world is determined by purchasing power, and greater consumption of meat and milk will be stimulated by economic growth and more disposable income in the growing, more prosperous middle class.

Livestock Systems

Dependency on and the need for external supplies of formulated feed will be influenced by various factors including the nature of the livestock enterprise, local feed alternatives, land and labour availability, the farming system and economics. Chadd and colleagues identified major differences between grazing systems based on indigenous forage, mixed farming utilising crop residues with grazing, and limited imported feeds when required, compared with ‘landless’ (so-called ‘industrial’) systems with a high degree of dependency on purchased feeds.

Population and land use pressures in some developing countries are encouraging intensification and the expansion of ‘landless’ systems that result in increasing demands on natural resources and the local environment. Landless systems are exploited particularly for monogastrics, and are most common in developed countries. Such systems are also utilized on occasion for ruminants in both developed countries (e.g., the USA) and developing nations (e.g. West Asia).

Intensive, landless, enterprises might have a high degree of dependency on imported feed, requiring continuous supply of large quantities of known consistent quality. Local supplies of home-produced protein, in particular, are often less able to provide such a reliable supply of quality feed. Few detailed comparative studies are undertaken, however, between local and purchased external nutrient sources. There is an increasing trend with large pig and poultry producers to produce and utilize their own feedstuffs in vertically integrated systems.

The tendency in Western Europe, due to environmental pressures and animal welfare concerns, is to move away from very intensive production and there are often price premiums for livestock products from more extensive systems. Concerns about pollution from intensive units are focused particularly on water contamination from nitrogen and phosphorus.

Feed Supply

Gilbert estimates that about 1000 million t of animal feed is produced globally every year, including 600 million t of compound feed. More than 80 percent of this feed is produced by 3800 feed mills, and 60 percent of the world total is from 10 countries. Feed for poultry is the greatest tonnage, followed by pig and cattle feeds. Although feed production for aquaculture is relatively low (at 14 million t) currently, there is an increasing demand for feed for farmed fish and crustaceans.

International trade of raw materials is the key to the global feed industry. Such feeds are formulated and milled locally. The availability of imported protein materials is often essential for local feed manufacture. Historically, the feed industry has also exploited price-supported inexpensive grain that is traded on the global market.

Considerable efforts are being made to utilize more diverse local sources of feed ingredients, in particular protein materials, in many developing countries (e.g., India). In some other countries (e.g. Thailand), for poultry enterprises, there is a heavy and increasing reliance on soybean meal and fishmeal.. Increasing concerns are being expressed in some developing countries about the costs of imported soybeans for animal feed formulation. Greater utilization of indigenous feed materials is being encouraged for resource-poor smallholder farmers for increasing ruminant production. For example, Wanapat reports considerable potential for cassava-based products in Thailand. Higher quality ‘protein and energy’ feeds are still encouraged, however, for higher performance and enterprises that are more intensive.

Protein use

The value of gaining and then applying a much better understanding of protein nutrition for appropriate protein feed formulation for livestock was emphasized by Miller. The importance of an appropriate available energy supply in a balanced diet for efficient protein use by livestock was stressed, a high energy to protein ratio being needed to optimize the use of the protein. Different protein requirements for different species and the effects of age and growth stage of animals were noted. Examples included the greater need for protein in fish diets compared to feed for mammals, and the declining requirement for protein with age. Increased energy used by animals following, for example, exercise or exposure to ‘heat stress’, also reduces the protein requirement in the diet. The difference between ‘essential’, ‘semi-essential’ and ‘conditionally indispensable’ amino acids in relation to protein inclusion in the diet was highlighted. The significance of amino acid balance in feeds, of new amino acid synthesis and protein compensation in diets was explained. The significance of protein influences on the immune system, as antigenic factors and anti-nutrition agents, was also stressed, in addition to animal nutrition effects.

The amino acid strengths and weaknesses of different protein feed ingredients was described, such as the lysine limitation in maize, and methionine and cysteine limitations in soybean. These are key issues for appropriate protein use and feed formulation. However, amino acid composition revealed by chemical analysis may not correctly identify the availability of these amino acids at tissue level in the animal. The significance of ‘ileal digestibility’ of amino acids for diet formulation, rather than total amino acid content, was emphasized. The significance of microbial protein and its digestion in the small intestine of ruminants was stressed as a balanced and good nutritional supply of amino acids. A large part of the absorbed amino acids are derived from microbial activity in the rumen in ruminants. This supply may be limited, however, by the associated supply of fermented energy. The quantity of protein in a diet may substitute on occasion for protein quality, where perhaps only poorer quality, cheaper feed (e.g., a cereal-groundnut meal mix) is available. Protein use in such diets, however, is often more inefficient and can lead to excessive nitrogen excretion.

Protein Sources

Sources of protein for animal feeds are many and varied, with considerable opportunities for further diversification and substitutions. More research is required on alternative sources before many of the opportunities can be exploited in practice.

Plant Protein Sources

Soybean remains the most important and preferred source of high quality vegetable protein for animal feed manufacture. Soybean meal, which is the by-product of oil extraction, has a high crude protein content of 44 to 50 percent and a balanced amino acid composition, complementary to maize meal for feed formulation. A high level of inclusion (30-40 percent) is used in high performance monogastric diets.

A measure of success of this crop is the increase in production of 50 to 60 percent between 1985 and 2000, with most grown in the United States, Brazil and Argentina. Over half of the crop is now, however, genetically modified (GM) mainly for herbicide tolerance. The potential of soybeans for further nutritional quality enhancement was emphasized by Hard and there are prospects for considerable feed benefits, assuming acceptance of GM sources in the marketplace. Currently, Argentina and Brazil are reported to export 60 percent of their production and the USA about 16 percent. The market for non-GM soya seems to be growing and may be increasingly important in the future.

Comments by Hard and others emphasized the potential of soybeans for continuing improvement and possibly wider adaptation to different growing conditions. Chadd and colleagues mentioned the potential of forage soybeans in a European context, in locations where grain soybeans cannot (at present) be economically produced. Further development and exploitation of soybean genetics may prove the most appropriate strategy in some regions, rather than developing other alternative plant protein sources.

In the European Union soybean dominates the protein supply for animal feed and the ban on meat and bone meal has resulted in further imports, reportedly of up to 1.5 million t in 2001.

Other oil meal crops

There are many different potential oil crops in addition to soybean, each with strengths and weaknesses for protein meal supply. Local adaptation to growing conditions and local availability provide distinct advantages for feed production in many developing countries. A continuous supply of protein meal of known quality can be made available, as is the case with palm kernel cake, the by-product of oil palm production (e.g. in Malaysia and Indonesia).

According to Speedy, prospects continue to be good for future oil meal crop production. Global projections show increasing demands for vegetable oils of 2.1 percent per annum for the next 20 years, and a significant increase in demand for oil meals and cakes. Predictions of future land use suggest that the area of oil crops will increase substantially in some developing countries. Oil palm, sunflower and oilseed rape, in addition to soybeans, will dominate and provide much of the future increase. Currently, the major net exporters in the developing world are Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Brazil and Argentina, but more oil and protein meal may be retained in future years for their own domestic use.

Oilseed rape is grown extensively in temperate regions (e.g., in Canada and the European Union) and provides good protein meal. Although glucosinolates are present and the lysine content is lower than in soybean, it provides a much higher proportion of sulphur-containing amino acids (cysteine and methionine). Glucosinolates can be removed by breeding and GM types of oilseed rape have been developed. The crop is considered to have a lot of future potential, both for increasing oil content and modifying protein composition.

Chadd and colleagues also recommend more studies on the less well known and little grown oil crops such as niger and jojoba, which reportedly have a high crude protein in the extracted cake.

To what extent such crops as oil palm, coconut, sunflower, sesame, crambe or cotton (seed) can be utilized for meal inclusion in animal feeds depends to a large extent on what price the processor is able to obtain for the extracted oil. With the exception of soybean, the demand for these particular meals is markedly influenced by their vegetable oil price. This is important for the profitability of intensive livestock enterprises such as poultry production, working on low margins. Protein-rich meal inclusion from oilseed crops currently remains the key; however, to high quality feed supply for intensive enterprise performance.

Legumes are a traditional source of plant proteins for animal feed and their production can provide a range of benefits both on farms and for feed manufacturers. The exploitation of soybean is a classic example of successful development and use. Peas, beans and lupins are exploited as grain crops in temperate farming systems and their production for home-grown protein supply is encouraged (and supported) in the European Union to reduce dependency on imported proteins. Each has strengths and weaknesses for quality protein provision. Lupins, for example, can yield high levels of crude protein but produce grain which is often low in lysine and sulphur-containing amino acids.

Chadd and colleagues described work in the tropics and sub-tropics on alternative, better adapted protein sources and reported the benefits of chickpea, cowpea and mungbean for incorporation in poultry diets. The successful exploitation of tropical tree legumes for successful ruminant feeding, in both warmer parts of Australia and sub-Saharan Africa, was also mentioned.

The considerable potential of a wide range of leguminous plants for forage use was highlighted for both temperate and tropical agriculture. The need for much more research, however, was emphasized to provide for more successful practical exploitation. The significance of lucerne, the most widely grown forage, and red clover has been highlighted.

The value of a wide range of tropical legumes was mentioned, in particular Centrosema spp., Stylosanthes spp. and Leucaena spp., and the potential of other tree legume sources is being recognized. Leucaena leucocephala has been most widely commercialized, and can be hedge-cropped both mechanically and manually, or grazed in situ. It is adapted to a wide range of soil and climatic conditions. The presence of mimosine, a toxic amino acid, however, limits its use in non-ruminant diets.

More research is required to determine the value of many of these legumes for the animal feed industry. More agronomic studies are also required to improve performance, combined with economic analyses of the unit costs of the resultant protein. Particular attention will need to be given to protein quality, in addition to protein yield.

Further studies will also need to be undertaken with many of these potential legume sources for anti-nutritional factors and toxins. These are dealt with during processing by such practices as de-hulling, heating or solvent extraction.

Crop nutritional improvement

Quality Protein Maize (QPM)

Although cereals play a key role in world agriculture and the global economy, grain typically has low levels of poor quality (unbalanced) protein. However they provide 50 percent of the protein in human diets and, in developing countries, it is reported that 74 percent of dietary protein is obtained from cereals.

Rice has low crude protein (CP) (around 7 percent); maize, barley and sorghum have intermediate levels (9 to 10 percent CP); and wheat, oats and triticale have the highest levels (around 12 percent CP). Typically, a high protein content in cereal grain is inversely correlated with crop yield. For animal feed formulation and protein provision, all cereals are deficient in lysine with secondary deficiencies in threonine and trytophan. Classical breeding and selection has not significantly improved cereal protein status.

Vasal describes the exciting discovery in the 1960s of high lysine maize mutants (from ‘opaque-2’ and ‘floury-2’ changed alleles), with higher protein quality in the endosperm of grain. Mutants had double the levels of lysine and tryptophan, obtained by suppressing the zein (prolamin) protein fraction. However, the resultant grain was soft and the mutants also required agronomic improvement.

Considerable breeding efforts at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) were required to subsequently achieve acceptable QPM hybrids with appropriate hard grain characteristics, involving the opaque-2 gene and identified genetic modifiers of the 02 locus. Vasal reported the release and production of QPM in 22 countries since 1998, including significant adoption in China, India and Vietnam.

Vasal also described the further improvement of QPM maize lines through hybrid development programmes, the transfer of the quality protein genes to elite cultivars of standard maize, and the creation of new so-called QPM synthetics (obtained by inter-crossing several inbred lines). Some of the new QPM hybrid lines contain up to 13.5 percent protein and 100 percent more lysine and tryptophan than normal maize.

Successful exploitation of improved QPM is described in China where it is being grown on 70,000 ha. The type ‘Zhang Dan 9409’ with 80 percent more lysine and tryptophan has up to 15 percent higher yield potential than other maize. Considerable improvements in live weight gain and better feed conversion are reported from poultry feeding trials, and as much as a 3.5 times faster growth rate in pigs fed on QPM.

Genetically Improved Crops

Enhancing the value of major crops for animal feed use through genetic modification, utilizing both conventional breeding approaches and modern biotechnology, was advocated by Hard. He argued that genetic improvement can give not only better animal performance and health, but also lower feed costs and more affordable livestock protein products.

Hard predicts that the next commercial wave of genetically improved crops will focus on ‘output’ traits providing much better feeding values for livestock production. Improvement efforts will focus on protein quality (particularly amino acid balance), better digestibility (especially of fibre and starch) and greater metabolizable energy (from improved oil content), with less anti-nutritional factors (such as phytate).

Successful current examples of nutrient enrichment include pro-vitamin A enriched rice, high lysine maize, high oleic acid soybeans and low-phytate maize. Other targets, mentioned by Hard, include high methionine soybeans, high oil maize and low stachyose soybeans, all of which could provide significantly improved feed characteristics and animal performance.

An intriguing possibility was mentioned by Hard, that is the possible future development of antibody containing soybeans which, when fed before slaughter, could combat such pathogens as E. coli and Salmonella spp.

Hard emphasized the need for greater ‘identity preservation’ of such genetically improved crop feeds to achieve the desired objectives. To what extent these developments will be widely adopted in practice will depend on many factors, including economics and market acceptance.

Synthetic amino acids

The use of industrially produced amino acids in animal feeds is not new. Synthetic amino acid incorporation in feed has at least a 40 year history. DL methionine was produced by chemical synthesis in the 1950s and 1960s for inclusion in poultry feeds. L-lysine production by fermentation began in the 1960s in Japan, followed by L-threonine and L-tryptophan in the late 1980s.

The adoption of modern biotechnology has revolutionized the synthesis process, and has significantly reduced the costs of amino acid production. The exploitation of genetically modified microbial strains has substantially improved competitiveness. The economics of production has dramatically changed, providing much greater opportunities for synthetic amino acid use. It is persuasively argued that improvements in protein use from animal feeds are required to meet the substantial growth in global demand for animal protein products. The increased substitution of synthetic amino acids for plant protein could provide greater efficiency and effectiveness of protein utilization, but the cost effectiveness of their use needs to be continually assessed.

It is suggested that the incorporation of one tonne of L-lysine hydrochloride could save the use of 33 t of soybean meal. Or, if 550,000 t of L-lysine hydrochloride is used globally, it could replace 18 million t of soybean meal, representing about half of the USA soybean meal production. There is potential for considerable impact on current protein supply channels and the types of protein which are now used.

It is also argued that greater synthetic amino acid use could reduce nitrogen pollution from animal wastes, as a result of better and more efficient nutrient utilization.

Future developments of synthetic amino acid production could apparently include synthetic isoleucine, valine and arginine, thus extending the range of amino acids available for use in feeds. The degree of use would be mainly determined by the economics.

Food industry crop by-products

Quality protein can be provided sometimes from various crop residues and by-products of food and drink manufacture, such as brewers’ grain and maize gluten meal. These by-products are many and varied, and differ considerably in the value and significance for animal feed protein supply.

However, some of these by-products provide a valuable local source of protein which can be inexpensive, accessible and continuously available from the local food industry. Their use can also be regarded as a significant re-cycling opportunity, and more of a closed system for waste disposal. Many of these associations between local farmers and nearby food manufacturers have developed over a long period of time and still continue.

Food safety considerations may still dominate this protein supply route, with restrictions on certain by-product materials or their treatment before use in animal feed.

The global significance and provision of fishmeal as a protein source is uncertain. Estimates suggest that it is still amongst the ‘big three’ sources of quality protein for feed manufacture. Gilbert quotes an annual figure of 316 million tonnes of oilseed protein, 14 million t from animal by-products and 7 million tonnes from fishmeal.

Unfortunately, it is reported that fishmeal produced by new processes cannot easily be distinguished from other animal proteins. It needs to be separately identifiable if it is to be excluded from bans on animal by-products such as that imposed by the European Union from 2001.

Fishmeal provides a good source of quality protein for monogastrics and an excellent source of by-pass protein for ruminants. Compared with other sources of plant protein and cereals, fishmeal can also provide a good nutritional source of calcium and phosphorus in animal diets. Meal from fish does not seem to have increased in production over the last 20 or so years and Speedy considered that it is unlikely to do so in present circumstances. Many seas, such as the North Sea, are being seriously over-fished, leading to increasing international restrictions on their exploitation to try to conserve and regenerate fish stocks. There are still underlying concerns about the contamination of fish stocks by pollutants dumped in the oceans, leading to fishmeal contamination for example by dioxin.

The fishing industry is not particularly well developed in many developing countries, and could perhaps make increased contributions to future fishmeal supply in some regions. The significance of increasing supplies of meal from farmed fish and aquaculture systems is possible and deserves evaluation. On a limited scale, in parts of some countries such as Vietnam and Cambodia, waste fishmeal is utilized for further fish pond production and incorporated into local livestock feeds.

Animal By-products

Considerable public and political concern about the safety of foods of animal origin has developed in recent years as a result, in particular, of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy problem but also of food-borne bacterial infections, veterinary drug residues and chemical contamination.

There has been a total ban on the use of mammalian meat and bone meal protein in feed in the European Union since 2001, which may be lifted in due course for non-ruminant feeds. FAO also recommended a global ban (in 2001) on the feeding of MBM to cattle, sheep and goats. MBM is a protein-rich powder derived from the rendering of animal tissues which previously provided very useful and cost effective protein, complementary to grain for animal feed manufacture, whilst also providing a valuable means of animal by-products utilization. It was previously thought that the rendering processes, involving high temperatures to kill microbes, could provide a safe MBM product. This was challenged, however, after the first case of BSE was diagnosed in 1986 in the UK. By December 1997 ruminant MBM in animal feed was identified as the most likely means of BSE transmission.

A new class of infectious agents called prions, with novel modes of replication and transmission, has been discovered. The infection with the BSE agent, a prion, appears to be contracted by the ingestion of nervous or lymphatic tissues in contaminated meat and bone meal feed. Over 180,000 cases of BSE infection have been confirmed in the UK, and more than 1,800 reported from other countries. It is a very serious problem with considerable economic implications.

The BSE crisis has focused attention, in particular, on the rendering industry which processes about 60 million tonnes per year of animal by-products.

Up to 40 percent by weight of an animal is discarded at slaughter, according to Hamilton, and subsequently rendered into high quality fats and protein. Approximately 25 million tonnes of animal by-products are rendered in North America; 15 million tonnes in the European Union, and 10 million tonnes in South America and Australasia, to provide rendered products worth up to 8 billion US dollars annually.

In addition to MBM, rendering produces nutrient rich and easily digestible blood meal, feather meal and poultry by-products for animal feed. These are used in pet foods and aquaculture, in addition to agriculture.

Modern rendering processes can and do kill many pathogens but contamination can readily occur subsequently. Hamilton reported considerable advances in feed mill technology for heat treating feed and feed pasteurization is now possible. These developments would seem the way forward for continuing future utilization of rendered protein for feed manufacture and continuing access to these high quality and cost effective protein materials.

Current concerns

Significant increases in global demand for livestock products will clearly require increasing amounts of feed protein supplies and sources and alternatives will need to be continually reviewed. There would seem to be strong justification for research and development investment into a number of very promising new sources. What is certain is that there will need to be considerable increases in feed manufacture, requiring a thriving, successful and modern feed industry.

Safety issues will remain paramount in the mind of consumers following recent food crises, and continuing investment is needed in quality assurance programmes to gain market access for animal products and to retain consumer confidence. There is a growing need for transparency in the animal food chain and continuing vigilance.

Greater efforts clearly need to be made to communicate the nature of animal production requirements to the consumer and to project both the animal and feed industry in a positive light.

It is clear that there is considerable potential for improving food security and supply by better protein feed provision to livestock, and these opportunities for improvement deserve to be further explored and supported. Insufficient funding support is provided for research and development. There are also insufficient data and shared information to improve supply chains. More investment in research, data accumulation and information sharing between public and private sectors would be particularly valuable. There is also a continuing need, as always, to provide more support to many developing countries to help appropriate future advances of animal production systems and their associated feeding requirement. Protein provision is a key to their future success globally, and deserves continuing attention.

Conclusions

General Comments

It is clear that the feed industry and others must continue to look for alternative and enhanced sources of protein for animal feeds.

Co-products produced during processing of crops for food (e.g. vegetable oil) and industrial uses (e.g. alcohol) will continue to increase and to be a major source of feed protein; co-products from new methods of processing should be fully exploited for animal feed.

Nutritionally improved crops produced through genetic modification, by both classical breeding and modern biotechnology might hold tremendous potential to provide significant benefits for animal nutrition. Approval processes are needed, however, to assess genetically modified products for safety before they are introduced to the market.

Nutritionally enhanced crops have the potential to benefit animal health, growth and performance, to reduce feed costs, to make animal protein more affordable, and to add essential protein to animal diets.

Modern biotechnology is not the only answer to protein supply, but is one of several important ways or tools of securing sustainable protein production.

While it is recognized that most of the additional supply of animal products may come from intensive poultry and pig production, cattle, sheep and goats are capable of production on feeds that are high in complex carbohydrates and not usable in quantity by monogastrics. They offer considerable opportunities for meat and milk production in developing countries.

With appropriate management, the abundant crop residues and other fibrous materials that are fed to ruminants can provide for reasonable production levels.

Extension and veterinary services are considered essential to provide better technology transfer, small farmer support and to encourage further protein crop advances.

Better technology transfer and small farmer support through improved extension and veterinary services are considered essential to promote integrated farming practices. These include intercropping of cereals, legumes, provision of food, feed, and cash crops, integrated use of locally produced co-products in animal production and, ultimately, increased feed protein supplies and their local utilization.

More research is recommended in the short and medium term on agronomy and the further development of alternative and novel protein crops. More focused support for longer-term strategies of crop improvement, through both breeding advances and genetic manipulation, is urged.

More meaningful and greater co-operation is advocated between policy-makers, the feed industry, farmers and researchers to better deliver the future protein supply potential.

Safety issues

The increasing importance of both safety and quality aspects of protein products is stressed.

Safety of animal feed is of paramount importance and codes of practice should be developed and increasingly adopted.

Ideally, the adoption of voluntary codes of practice for the feed industry is preferable to legislation.

Each stage of the animal feed manufacturing process should be subjected to Good Manufacturing Practices and/or Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles.

The feeding of ruminant meat meal to ruminants should be banned everywhere because of the BSE risk. If MBM is banned in domestic animal feed then exports should also be banned. For countries that cannot enforce a ruminant feed ban, third party auditing is urgently needed.

There should be full traceability of rendered products, the implementation of a Code of Practice for the rendering industry, as well as good manufacturing practices (GMP) and HACCP. Inspections and checking should be improved and material sources plants should be audited.

Specialization of feed mills was identified as an important step to avoiding cross-contamination of feed materials, and this is supported by feed industry representatives.

To ensure safe utilization of fishmeal, cross-contamination with mammalian proteins should be avoided and this should be proved by the development and widespread utilization of tests to differentiate sources of protein.

Environmental issues

Correct protein nutrition is important not only for animal performance, but also to minimize nitrogen excretion and reduce pollution.

There could be an increasingly serious disposal problem if animal by-products are not to be used for pigs and poultry, or for aquaculture production.

The use of legume crops, both grain and forage, and their integration within farming systems should be encouraged to counteract soil erosion and loss of soil fertility.

Information requirements

In national and international statistics, ‘Meat meal’ should be reclassified into more detailed categories and by species to provide a clearer picture of production, use and trade. The collection of adequate quantitative and qualitative information on supply and trade is required.

More information is also required on alternative, locally available plants as sources of protein, to clearly identify the reasons for relatively low adoption. A much greater emphasis is recommended for improving plant protein supply in marginal growing environments.

FAO should set up ‘country profiles’ of feed production by species and feed resources by countries.

Pellet and mash preference in feed production & production technologies

“Pellet quality is not only made in the pellet mill. The saying “the chain is as strong as the weakest link” applies also here. Every process stepadds to the achieved pellet quality. The finer the particle size after grinding the better the pellet quality, the higher the capacity and the lower the energy consumption at the pellet mill.”

Today, animal breeders and feed producers have to deal with business realities such as efficiency and performance, while facing contemporary challenges such as sustainable production, food safety and environmental footprint. Although it is extremely difficult to meet all these requirements, making the right choices can also make a significant difference. For example, choosing the feed form or technology to be used in animal nutrition. While choosing the right feed form has a significant effect on the performance of the animals, choosing the right technology can also have an impact on the performance of the enterprise.

We discussed these two extremely important topics of choice for animal breeders and feed manufacturers with Arthur vom Hofe, CPM Europe’s Segment Manager Feed & Oilseeds: pellet/mash feed form and feed technologies.

What about pellet feed or mash feed? Which one is better to choose? There is no definitive answer to this question that applies to everyone. This choice can be determined by many factors such as animal’s type, physiology, age and nutritional needs. Even the cost/performance balance is a determining factor.

According to Arthur vom Hofe, pellet feed production costs are higher compared to mash feed due to the diversity in the production processes. Therefore, vom Hofe emphasizes that it should be carefully considered whether the yield from pellet feed compensates the increased cost, and that the weight of the elements on the scale can change over time with the influence of market conditions.

Also, with the climate targets in mind there is an ongoing development to a more sustainable feed industry with a drive to use less raw materials and less energy to process them. And there is yet still so much to learn before being able to answer the question for each animal in full detail: “what is the best way to process feed to have the best yield with use of lowest amount of energy and lowest amount of raw materials”.

We sought answers to many other questions with CPM Europe’s Segment Manager Feed & Oilseeds, Arthur vom Hofe.

What are the advantages of pellet feed? Why are pellet feeds preferred more than powder/mash feeds? In the early days people learned quickly that feeding animals with pellets instead of mash provided great benefits. Such as the absence of feed separation, reduced feed wastage, increased feed intake, improved feed hygiene and possibility to use low cost ingredients. In short, an improved growth rate and increased feed efficiency. However, on the other side, pelleting means increased energy and processing costs in the animal feed production plant. So there is always a balance to be made: are the benefits of pelleting compensating the increased costs. Interesting enough, the elements on the scale can chane in ”weight” over time. Depending on the always dynamic market conditions the outcome can be different. “FEED INDUSTRY HAS DEVELOPED A LONG WAY” What is the difference between pellet feed production facility and mash feed production facility in terms of production process and the technologies used? Of course, the feed manufacturer needs to adapt the used production process and used technologies in his plant for pellets or mash. Where feed milling started with just a hammer mill grinding process and a mixer to prepare a mixture of soya and some grains, the feed industry has developed a long way. With the introduction of the pellet mill, the steam conditioning was introduced and also more different raw materials were used where possible. These typically lower cost materials were replacing usually the higher cost grains and came as residues from oilseed industries or exotic ingredients from far away countries. The introduction of these (low cost) materials usually had a negative influence on pellet quality.

PELLET DURABILITY AS QUALITY STANDARD… What is the meaning of good quality pellet? What physical or sensory properties can be considered as quality indicators of a pellet? The amount of fines in the pellets has a very negative effect on growth rate and feed efficiency. It is therefore an absolute must to produce good quality feed pellets, when pellets are preferred.

To be able to define the physical pellet quality, standards need to be set. In the past, people were measuring the hardness but over time pellet durability was seen as a better measure.

An early method was the Kansas State University tumbling test but because the pellet quality standard increased there was a need for a more aggressive pneumatic method like the (new) Holmen test. With this test, 100 g of pellets is placed in a chamber, blown about 60 to 120 seconds by a jet of air, and then weighed, giving a direct read of pellet durability. Fines are removed during the blowing process.

What is the importance of technology in producing good quality pellets? Can technology be a determining factor in pellet quality? The pellet quality is determined by the product characteristics and used technology to process them.

The used feed ingredients are maybe the most determining parameter for the pellet quality; however they are determining the cost of the feed in an even larger ratio. Therefore, the feed miller needs to look into his process and used technology to optimize pellet quality and not into his formulations.

“THE CHAIN IS AS STRONG AS THE WEAKEST LINK” What are the ways to produce quality feed pellets? What factors depend on pellet quality and durability? Pellet quality is not only made in the pellet mill. The saying “the chain is as strong as the weakest link” applies also here. Every process step adds to the achieved pellet quality. The finer the particle size after grinding, the better the pellet quality, the higher the capacity and the lower the energy consumption at the pellet mill.

After mixing the material is going through a conditioning process before going to the pellet mill. The conditioning process, where usually steam and sometimes other liquids are added, is one of the most determining parameters for the pellet mill performance. Moisture, temperature, time and sometimes even pressure play a role in the conditioning process. In the pellet mill, the rollers are pushing the material through the die holes where the pellet is formed. Logically, the design of the die and rollers as well as the used pelleting techniques do have an extreme influence on pellet quality but if the pellet is not properly cooled and conveyed afterwards the potential great pellet can lose its class again. Even the sifting and storage of the pellets contribute to the final quality of the pellet.

What are the latest trends in pellet feed production technologies? What innovations/developments can we experience in pellet feed technologies in the future? In the constant strive to achieve best feed efficiency, the industry has seen many developments in optimizing feed production. Important is to realize that in the end, the animal (health) will indicate what production technology is required. If you look, for instance, to the grinding process, 10-20 years ago the motto was grind basically as fine as you can. As mentioned before, this is increasing pellet quality and reducing pelleting costs. However, in the meantime, we have learned that the particle size has an enormous effect on animal performance, and this is different for different animals. So, what we see is that our customers do want more control of the particle size in the grinding process but still want a good pellet even with courses particles.

When choosing a technology for a feed production facility the most important thing is to realize there is no “one size fits all” solution. A technology perfectly suited for one kind of feed can be a disaster to another type of feed, and undo all the benefits achieved. Therefore, it is absolutely important to make a detailed consideration and define what products are produced, how many lines are required and what technology is most suited for each line.

A more environmental friendly feed industry means that special efforts are made to achieve a most energy efficient pelleting process. An optimized conditioning process is an absolute necessity for this. The newest generation conditioners start up fast, absorb steam optimally and are hygienic.

The pelleting process has seen the introduction of tools that are able to control the amount of energy put in by the pellet mill. Remote roll adjustment, roll speed measurement and special die and roll configurations are giving the pellet mill operator the opportunity to have a reliable and flexible pelleting process, producing optimal pellet quality with the lowest energy usage.

“SMART PELLETING” CONTROL PHILOSOPHY The latest development currently being introduced is the “smart pelleting” control philosophy where AI data technology is used not only to achieve optimal process conditions at lowest operational costs but also achieve a most reliable process due to monitoring of the machine condition.

With frequent product change overs, the challenge is to maintain the plant efficiency when a feed plant requires high capacity but produces it with a limited amount of pelleting lines. Larger dies, high energy efficient pellet mills with a wide range of features, can bring the solution.

What are the technologies and features that CPM offers for pellet feed plants? What advantages do your technologies promise to feed manufacturers? Innovation is seen as one of the most important key elements in the CPM organization. We even have a dedicated department focusing continuously on bringing new developments to the market. This is why CPM is playing a leading role in the technology developments which were introduced in the feed industry and described above.

Combining the CPM Roskamp roller mill with the CPM Champion large diameter speed controlled hammermill results in a grinding process where the feed miller can basically produce every desired particle size. From a course mash feed with minimal fines to a very fine grind all from the same high capacity grinding line. And because the material is pre-broken by the roller mill before going to the hammer mill, important savings in energy and wear costs are also achieved.

With the CPM New Technology conditioners a high filling rate is reached in the conditioners. The special paddle shape and configuration provide a better mixing and steam absorption, resulting in lower energy consumption and better pellet quality at the pellet mill. Due to the ”hot-start” technology, it is also possible to run the pelleting line within minutes at full capacity. The CPM Hygieniser is the leading product for hygienic feed production. It keeps the product guaranteed first in first out for an adjustable retention time at set temperature. This means that all material (even the first kilo) processed by the CPM Hygienic system has reached the required temperature and retention time. This ensures the desired salmonella reduction for even the most demanding breeder applications.

Both the CPM Hygieniser and the NT Conditioners are engineered so that minimum rest product will stay in the machine at product change overs to minimize cross contamination. The wide range of CPM pellet mills are the most energy efficient and reliable machines available on the market. They can be executed with CPM Lineator remote roll adjustment. Herewith the distance between die and rolls can be adjusted to vary mechanical energy input and control pellet quality. With the CPM Roll speed measurement system the “roll slip” can be measured. This not only provides higher uptime because pellet mill chokes are prevented, it also gives the opportunity to decrease die and roll wear costs because steel to steel contact is prevented. In this way, a die will produce longer with healthy surface achieving higher capacity at lower consumed energy per ton. And this again fits in a “sustainable green industry” mindset.

With the CPM “smart pelleting system”, there is a connection established between the machine, the operator, local controls and CPM process engineering. This provides additional online support opportunities to optimize the pellet production and guarantee optimal performance.

PREPARE FOR THE “UNKNOWN” Finally, which criteria should be considered when choosing a technology for a pellet feed production facility? What are the tips for building an efficient facility? When choosing a technology for a feed production facility the most important thing is to realize there is no “one size fits all” solution. A technology perfect suited for one kind of feed can be a disaster to another type of feed, and undo all the benefits achieved. Therefore, it is absolutely important to make a detailed consideration and define what

How to Start a Animal Feed Making Business

The animal feed production business can be initiated with proper planning and know-how about the right mixing formula. Most livestock farmers are always searching for the right food and food supplementary products for their farms. Several different livestock feeds need to serve different requirements legitimately.

Here are the 7 Steps to Start Animal Feed Business

1. market research.

In starting livestock feed production, mark et research is a must. You must quantify the demand and accordingly, you will need to select the product that you will produce. This business requires strategic planning and proper inventory management.

2. Create an Animal Feed Production Business Plan

3. legal requirements and registrations.

in addition, check local, state, and national regulations regarding animal feed production. It is advisable to obtain the necessary licenses and permits to operate legally.

4. Choose the Types of Animal Feed

5. livestock feed manufacturing unit setup.

Livestock feed generally comes in two forms. One is powder form and another is pellet form. According to the product you will need to purchase the machinery. Select machinery according to the proposed capacity of the mill, the types of raw materials available, the types of livestock feed to be produced, and the characteristics of the power supply available.

Storage areas must be waterproof and well-ventilated, and protect against infestation by insects and vermin which can quickly cause substantial losses in weight.

6. Manpower For Livestock Feed Production Company

Proper human resource planning is important. This business includes the activity of production, marketing, and admin. The manufacturing part also includes research & development activities. Keep only skilled and experienced manpower. For sales activity, you can also keep sales agents.

7. Promote Your Livestock Feed Production Business

You must have a business website . It will help you fetch more customers and create a brand personality. List your product with a popular online marketplace like Amazon, eBay, etc.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is the livestock feed business profitable.

The amplifying demand in the Asia Pacific market for feed additives, which is due to the rising meat production and export is proving to be an opportunity for this market.

What are the Common Feeds for Animals?

The feeds to be fed are normally decided on the local supplies. Some of the widely used feeds for livestock are grasses, legumes, fodder plants, fruits, vegetables, root crops, cereals, and feeds of animal origin.

What types of animal feed can I produce?

How can i ensure the quality of my animal feed, where can i source raw materials for animal feed production.

Look for reputable suppliers of grains, protein sources, and additives. Establish relationships with multiple suppliers to ensure a steady supply.

Are there any safety regulations for animal feed production?

How can i expand my product line in the future, what are the key trends in the animal feed industry.

Some of the new trends include the development of sustainable and organic feeds, antibiotic-free options, and customized formulations for specific animal breeds.

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Animal & Veterinary
Animal Food & Feeds

How do I Start an Animal Food Business?

If you are thinking about starting an animal food business, you may have questions about what regulatory requirements would apply to your business. In addition to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) requirements, your food business may have to comply with other federal, state, and local requirements. Some requirements apply to all animal food businesses, and some are specific to the type of animal food you are handling or making (for example, whether you are making medicated feed or have to register with FDA as a food facility).

If you are planning to start an animal food business, there are several steps you need to take before marketing your product in the United States, such as:

Submitting the appropriate registration, licensing, and notification information to the FDA;
Complying with all FDA food safety regulations for the type of activities you are conducting and the type of animal food you are marketing;
Ensuring any ingredients and additives are safe and suitable for their use, and have the appropriate regulatory status or approvals needed to legally market the animal food; Complying with labeling and marketing requirements; and
Complying with applicable state and local animal food regulatory requirements.

In addition to operating in the United States, some businesses may be interested in importing or exporting animal food products.

The chart, below, gives you a snapshot of the requirements based on the three most common animal food business scenarios: in-home businesses, on-farm businesses, and commercial businesses. The chart is divided into three sections:

Requirements that apply to all animal food businesses,
Requirements that apply to animal food businesses that must register with FDA, and
Requirements that apply to specific animal food business activities, such as importing or exporting animal food or ingredients.

Each requirement is hyperlinked to its corresponding section on this page, so you can easily find the information you need as you start your business. If you need more information, you can find the FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) email and phone contact information at the bottom of the page.

Which requirements apply to my animal food business?

In-home Business	On-Farm Business	Other Businesses/Industry
yes	yes	yes
yes	yes	yes
yes	yes	yes
yes	yes	yes
no	no	yes
no	no	yes

Requirements that Apply if You’re Required to Register as a Food Facility	Description
	If you are a very small business you must submit a qualified facility attestation to be exempt from certain requirements of the Preventive Controls for Animal Food during your initial food facility registration and subsequent biennial renewal.
	Requirements for manufacturing, processing, packing, and holding animal food under current good manufacturing practice (CGMP) and a food safety plan for all businesses that must register as a food facility.
	Requirements for when registered food facilities must notify FDA that a food (including animal food) may cause serious adverse health consequences (e.g., illness, injury), or death to humans or animals.

Certain Activities with Additional Requirements	Activity applies to:
	Businesses and farms manufacturing, processing, packing, or holding medicated feed.
	Veterinarians, clients (animal caretakers), manufacturers, and distributors authorizing, manufacturing, distributing, or using medicated feed with a veterinary feed directive (VFD) marketing status.
	Businesses manufacturing shelf stable low-acid foods in hermetically sealed container, such as pet food in a can or an airtight pouch.
	Businesses involved in the transportation of animal food, such as shippers, receivers, loaders, and carriers who transport food in the United States by motor or rail vehicle.
	Businesses that are handling animal food for ruminants, such as cows, sheep, and goats, or handling brain and spinal cord tissue from cattle 30 months of age or over intended for food for any species.
	Businesses importing animal food into the United States or exporting animal food from the United States.

Requirements that Apply to All Food Businesses

Adulteration.

All animal food must meet the requirements in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act), which prohibits the adulteration of animal food. Common reasons an animal food may be considered adulterated include:

If it contains a contaminant, such as bacteria, toxins, or physical objects (e.g., glass or metal) which may harm human or animal health;
If is not suitable for animal food, for example because it has gone bad (e.g., rotted);
If it is something that is not safe for animals to eat, for example because it has been labeled “not for animal food use,” or because it contains an unsafe ingredient; and
If it was not handled in a way to keep it safe for animals to eat.

You can find the full legal definition of adulterated food in the U.S. Code (21 U.S.C. 342 codifies the adulteration provisions in section 402 of the FD&C Act) and information about contaminants in animal food on the FDA website.

What is the difference between the FD&C Act and the United States Code (U.S.C.)?

When Congress passes and the President signs a law, they publish it as an “Act.” The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FD&C) Act is the foundational law that establishes FDA regulation of certain products and businesses. Congress makes changes to the law by amending it. For example, the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) amends the FD&C Act by adding in new requirements.

The Office of the Law Revision Counsel compiles these Acts and amendments to the law, organizing them by subject, into something called the United States Code (U.S.C.). The U.S.C. contains only the current enacted law. As a result, you may see a reference to Section 402 of the FD&C Act, which is the section on food adulteration, or you might see a reference 21 U.S.C. 342, which is the same information as compiled into the U.S.C. FDA has a helpful explanation about the FD&C Act and U.S.C. at: Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) .

Ingredients and Additives

Under the FD&C Act, anything that’s added to or becomes part of an animal food, directly or indirectly, must either be approved as a food additive or it must be considered Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) for that use . Approved food additives and ingredients that are GRAS are limited to specific uses. Some ingredients may be safe when used one way, but not safe when used in other ways. For example, xylitol is an artificial sweetener that is an approved food additive for use in human foods, but can be extremely toxic to dogs, and therefore not acceptable for use in dog food .

In addition to federal regulations, the Official Publication of the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) contains a list of animal food ingredients and their definitions, a list of approved animal food additives, and a list of ingredients that are considered GRAS for specific uses. Many of the ingredients in the AAFCO Official Publication, however, are not approved food additives and may not meet the criteria needed to be recognized as GRAS for those uses. FDA recognizes the list of ingredients in the Official Publication for their marketing and sale in the U.S. under an exercise of enforcement discretion provided there are no safety concerns with the listed ingredients.

You can find more information about animal food ingredients and additives and how FDA regulates them on the Ingredients and Additives webpage .

Labeling and Marketing

Labeling for animal foods marketed in the United States must comply with current federal and state regulations. The FD&C Act defines "labeling" as all labels and other written, printed, or graphic matter upon any article or any of its containers or wrappers, or accompanying such articles. Labeling can include promotional websites, promotional brochures, promotional pamphlets, testimonials, product information sheets, books, etc.

Labels must comply with animal food labeling requirements listed in 21 CFR part 501 , which requires the label to include:

A statement of identity (the name of the food) and, when needed, what the product is used for;
An ingredient statement listing ingredients by their common or usual name, in descending order of predominance by weight, meaning that the ingredient that weighs the most is listed first and the ingredient that weighs the least is listed last;
The name and address of manufacturer, packer, or distributor;
A net quantity statement, which provides the amount of food in the container or package. It must be expressed in weight, measure, or numeric count. Generally, if the food is solid, semisolid or viscous, it should be expressed in terms of weight (pounds and ounces). If the food is a liquid, it should be expressed in fluid measure (e.g., fl oz);
The label must be in English. If the label is in a foreign language, it must include an English translation; and
Warning and/or caution statements, when applicable.

Medicated feed has additional federal labeling requirements. When a Type A medicated article is approved by FDA, the company that makes the article is required to create a model “Blue Bird Label” to guide manufacturers of medicated animal feeds when preparing final printed feed labels. Information from that Blue Bird Label must appear on any medicated feeds made with that Type A medicated article. You can find more information about medicated feed labels on our Blue Bird Labels webpage .

Labeling must also comply with the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act's misbranding provisions . In general, a product is misbranded if it does not have required information on the labeling or if it is false or misleading. A label is false or misleading if it contains information that is not true or could confuse consumers, such as implying that an animal food has more of a beneficial ingredient than what is actually included in the animal food.

For state labeling requirements, the best source of information is AAFCO . To promote uniform labeling requirements across all U.S. states and territories, AAFCO developed a set of “Model Regulations for Pet Food and Specialty Pet Food,” which can be found in AAFCO’s Official Publication . Since the AAFCO “Model Regulations” are consistent with Federal requirements, they are a useful resource for information on the regulation of pet food.

You can find more information about animal food regulation (including pet food ), marketing, and labeling on FDA’s website.

State Regulations

In addition to meeting federal requirements, your animal food business may also have to follow certain state regulatory requirements. The AAFCO webpage has detailed information about your state’s regulatory requirements for animal food. You can find other useful resources for animal food businesses on their Industry webpage . Additional information about starting a pet food business and state requirements can be found on AAFCO’s The Business of Pet Food site.

Food Facility Registration Requirement & Qualified Facility Attestation

If your company manufactures, processes, packs, or stores an animal food in the United States, you must register as a food facility, unless an exemption applies to your business. The below webpages will help you determine if you must register as a food facility and if so, how to complete a food facility registration and get your unique facility identifier.

Animal Food Facility Registration and Qualified Facility Attestation Frequently Asked Questions
Guidance for Industry: Questions and Answers Regarding Food Facility Registration (Seventh Edition)
Registration of Food Facilities and Other Submissions
Registration of Food Facilities—electronic Code of Federal Regulations

Some animal food businesses meet the definition of a “ qualified facility ,” typically because they are very small businesses. A qualified facility is generally a business that, because of its very small size, is required to meet only modified requirements under the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) Preventive Controls for Animal Food (PCAF) regulation . These businesses must “attest,” or affirm, to FDA that they are qualified facilities on their food facility registrations.

CVM’s website has more information about how to determine whether your business is a qualified facility , current inflation adjusted cut offs for qualified facilities , and answers to frequently asked questions .

Animal Food Receipt and Distribution Record Requirements

If you manufacture, process, pack, transport, distribute, receive, hold, or import animal food in the United States, you must keep records of the receipt and distribution of animal food, unless an exemption applies to your business.

If you are a business that manufactures, processes, packs, or holds the animal food (not for transportation), you must establish and maintain the records for all food you receive and distribute . Generally, these requirements include records that establish:

The name and contact information of the business that you received animal food from or distributed animal food to;
A description of the type of animal food (e.g., type of animal food, brand name and variety)
Date you received or distributed the animal food;
A lot code or other identifier (to the extent this information exists);
The quantity and how the animal food was packaged;
The name of the business and contact information of the transporter (including incoming ingredients and distributed animal food); and
Information to identify the specific source of each ingredient used to make every lot of finished product.

Transporters of animal food also are required to maintain records that establish information regarding the transportation of the food.

For animal food, receipt and distribution records must be retained for a period of 1 year .

Requirements that Apply if You’re Required to Register as a Food Facility

Preventive controls for animal food (pcaf).

The FSMA Current Good Manufacturing Practice, Hazard Analysis, and Risk-based Preventive Controls for Food for Animals regulation in 21 CFR part 507 is commonly referred to as the PCAF regulation or part 507. The PCAF regulation has two primary parts, the current good manufacturing practice (CGMP) requirements and the hazard analysis and risk-based preventive controls (PC) requirements. The PCAF regulation also addresses related personnel, training, and recordkeeping requirements (See 21 CFR part 507, subparts A and F ). The PCAF requirements apply to all facilities that must register with the FDA unless they fall under an exemption . There are also exemptions , or modified requirements for warehouses or other businesses that only store packaged animal food that is not exposed to the environment.

Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP) Requirements The CGMP requirements provide baseline safety and sanitation standards for the manufacturing, processing, packaging, and storing of animal food (See 21 CFR part 507, subpart B .)
Hazard Analysis and Risk-Based Preventive Controls (PC) Requirements The PC requirements provide a framework to help you assess the food safety hazards associated with your animal food and animal food facility. When needed, you must establish risk-based preventive controls for your facility to prevent or minimize the hazards you identify. Preventive controls include management components such as monitoring, corrective actions, and verification, to ensure you are using the correct methods for preventing potential hazards in the animal food you make (See 21 CFR part 507, subpart C ). In some situations, you may decide in your hazard analysis that you have a hazard requiring a preventive control, but your supplier needs to control the hazard before you receive the ingredient for use in your manufacturing process. In that situation, you would also need to follow the supply-chain requirements (see 21 CFR part 507, subpart E).
Qualified Facility Attestation and Modified Requirements Some animal food businesses meet the definition of a “ qualified facility ,” typically because they meet the definition of a very small business. These businesses must “attest,” or affirm, to FDA that they are qualified facilities when completing their food facility registrations . If your business is a qualified facility, you must follow CGMP requirements and the modified requirements for qualified facilities , but you are exempt from the PC requirements (See 21 CFR 507.7 ). CVM’s website has more information about how to determine whether your business is a qualified facility , current inflation adjusted cut offs for qualified facilities , and answers to frequently asked questions .
Facilities that do not perform further manufacturing/processing If your facility does not further manufacture or process the human food by-products intended for use as animal food, and your facility meets certain conditions , you only have to follow the limited holding and distribution activities listed in in the CGMPs. These requirements are co-listed in 21 CFR 507.28 of the animal food CGMPs and 21 CFR 117.95 of the human food CGMPs. For more detailed information, see section V of CVM’s draft Guidance for Industry #239: Human Food By-Products for Use as Animal Food . 
drying/dehydrating, evaporating, pressing, chopping, and similar activities to reduce weight, bulk, or volume;
mixing (e.g., combining different vegetable culls and trimmings, combining juice and dairy by-products, stirring), centrifuging, and similar activities to combine ingredients or separate components (e.g., water and solids); and
activities that are not performed to prevent or significantly minimize animal food hazards and do not create new animal food hazards.
Facilities that perform manufacturing/processing activities If your facility makes human and animal food, part 507 allows you the option in 21 CFR 507.1(d) to either follow the human food requirements in part 117 or the animal food requirements in part 507 for the production of your animal food at the same facility. For example, when implementing CGMPs, your facility may follow either the requirements in part 117, subpart B, or the requirements in part 507, subpart B for the animal food at your facility. Likewise, if your facility is required to follow the hazard analysis and risk-based preventive controls requirements, you may choose to follow the requirements in part 117, subparts C and G, or part 507, subparts C and E. Regardless of the option you choose, in your food safety plan and hazard analysis you must consider any hazards that are associated with the animal food (e.g., you would not have to consider allergens for your animal food, but you would need to consider nutrient toxicities and deficiencies). If you want, you may choose to have two separate food safety plans, one for animal and one for human food, or one food safety plan that covers both types of food. For more detailed information, see section VI of CVM’s draft Guidance for Industry #239: Human Food By-Products for Use as Animal Food .

Reportable Food Registry (RFR) Requirements

If your animal food business is required to register as a food facility, you are required to file a report with FDA’s Reportable Food Registry (RFR) whenever you have an instance of a “reportable food.” A “reportable food” is a food for which there is a reasonable probability that the use of, or exposure to, an article of food will cause serious adverse health consequences or death to humans or animals. For example, this could be an animal food that is contaminated with something that would cause the animal eating it to get sick, such as disease-causing bacteria, or the food could contain something that would harm the animal, like pieces of plastic that could pose a choking hazard. Reportable food also includes animal food that could cause people to get sick, either from handling the animal food or from consuming milk, meat, eggs, or other animal products from the animal that ate the animal food. If you have a reportable food, you must file a report as soon as possible, but no later than 24 hours after you have identified that the animal food is a “reportable food.”

The Reportable Food Registry webpage has detailed information about these requirements.

Certain Activities with Additional Requirements

Medicated feed mill licensing and cgmps.

Medicated Feed Mill Licensing and Drug Establishment Registration

If you are an animal food business that manufactures or processes medicated feeds, you may need an FDA-approved medicated feed mill license and drug establishment registration if you make the following types of feed :

medicated feed using Category II, Type A medicated articles ( 21 CFR 558.4(a) );
all free-choice medicated feeds that contain a Category II drug ( 21 CFR 510.455(f) );
free-choice medicated feeds that contain a Category I drug and use a proprietary formula and/or specifications ( 21 CFR 510.455(f) );
all liquid medicated feeds that contain a Category II drug ( 21 CFR 558.5(g)(1) ); and
liquid medicated feeds that contain a Category I drug and use a proprietary formula and/or specifications ( 21 CFR 558.5(g)(2) ).

If you use drugs from Categories I and II in a combination drug product, the Category II requirements apply to the entire combination drug product (21 CFR 558.4(e)). You need a medicated feed mill license and drug establishment registration to make the combination drug product from a Type A medicated article.

Whether or not you are required to have a feed mill license and drug establishment registration determines what Medicated Feed Mill Current Good Manufacturing Practice requirements in 21 CFR part 225 apply at your facility.

CVM’s Medicated Feeds webpage has more information and resources on medicated feed mill licensing and drug establishment registration, including the forms and instructions for submitting a medicated feed mill application and a link to drug establishment registration information.

Veterinary Feed Directive Feeds (VFDs)

If you are a distributor of medicated feeds containing veterinary feed directive (VFD) drugs, you must send a one-time notification to FDA (21 CFR 558.6(c)(5)) . A VFD drug is intended for use in animal feeds. VFD drugs can only be used under the professional supervision of a licensed veterinarian. CVM’s website has information about what you must include in the notification and how and where to submit it.

To view the current VFD Distributor Notification List, which lists the names and addresses of businesses that distribute VFD medicated feeds, visit the Medicated Feeds section of the  Animal Drugs @ FDA home page. You can view the list as a PDF or as an Excel spreadsheet. You can sort the Excel spreadsheet by distributor name or state. FDA updates the lists when new notifications are processed.

In addition to the notification, you must also follow the VFD requirements. These requirements cover authorizations from veterinarians to use VFD feed, manufacturers and distributors who manufacture and distribute VFD feed, and clients or animal producers who use VFD feed. The regulation includes general requirements in 21 CFR 558.6(a) that apply to all three roles, as well as more specific requirements for authorizing veterinarians in 21 CFR 558.6(b) and for VFD distributors in 21 CFR 558.6(c). You can find more information about these requirements on CVM’s webpage:

Veterinary Feed Directive Requirements for Distributors (Who Manufacture VFD Feed)
Veterinary Feed Directive Requirements for Distributors (Who Do Not Manufacture VFD Feed)
Guidance for Industry #120 Veterinary Feed Directive Regulation Questions and Answers

Low Acid Canned Food (LACF)

If your animal food business thermally processes low-acid foods packaged in hermetically sealed (airtight) containers, commonly called low-acid canned foods (LACF), you must follow the LACF requirements . Although some airtight containers (like pouches or trays) used to thermally process low-acid foods are not considered cans, we continue to use the term “low-acid canned foods” and its abbreviation (LACF) as a shorthand description. If your business makes these types of products, you must register your business as a Food Canning Establishment and file scheduled processes with FDA for each product you make. A scheduled process is the process you select as adequate under the conditions of manufacture for a given product to achieve commercial sterility. This process may be in excess of that necessary to ensure destruction of microorganisms of public health significance, and shall be at least equivalent to the process established by a competent processing authority to achieve commercial sterility (21 CFR 113.3(r)).

FDA’s website contains more information about LACF requirements and acidified requirements. Note that the information on this page covers both LACF requirements and acidified food requirements. LACF requirements apply to both human and animal food, but acidified requirements apply only to human food.

Sanitary Transportation of Animal Food

The Sanitary Transportation of Human and Animal Food (ST) regulation in 21 CFR part 1, subpart O, explains the steps that shippers, loaders, motor or railroad carriers, and receivers must take to ensure the safety of food during transport. Ways that food can become unsafe during transport include:

not properly refrigerating food,
inadequately cleaning vehicles between loads, and
not protecting food from contamination by non-food items in the same load or previous load.

The regulation is broken down into sections including General Provisions, Vehicles and Transportation Equipment, Transportation Operations, Training, Records, and Waivers. The Sanitary & Transportation Guidance Documents & Regulatory Information webpage has links to the different regulations and guidance documents you need.

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, or “Mad Cow Disease”)

If your animal food business handles “prohibited materials,” which are materials that could cause the spread of BSE disease through animal food, then you must follow the BSE requirements for handling these materials as part of your business.

Prohibited materials include, but are not limited to, ruminant (e.g., cattle, sheep, and goat) meat and bone meal, organs, and offal. The most common prohibited material found in animal food is meat and bone meal that comes from cattle. You can find more information about prohibited materials on CVM’s Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) webpage .

Prohibited materials are commonly handled at businesses such as renderers, protein blenders, commercial animal feed manufacturers, distributors (including retailers), transporters of animal feed and animal food ingredients, and on-farm animal feed mixers. Although ruminant feeders are unlikely to handle prohibited materials, it is important they are aware of the requirements and know what to avoid. The regulations (21 CFR 589.2000) define several of these business types.

There are two FDA regulations that focus on preventing the spread of BSE through animal food.

The “Animal Proteins Prohibited from Use in Animal Feeds” regulation in 21 CFR 589.2000 was created to prevent BSE from spreading through animal food. This regulation prohibits using certain tissues from mammals in animal food for ruminants (e.g., cattle, sheep, goats). You can find more information about this regulation on CVM’s ruminant feed inspections webpage.

The “Cattle Materials Prohibited in Animal Food/Feed (CMPAF)” regulation in 21 CFR 589.2001 prohibits using the brains and spinal cords from cattle 30 months of age and older in any animal food, including all types of livestock and poultry feed and pet food. The regulation is age-specific because cattle in this age range are at the highest risk for BSE. In BSE-infected cattle, the brain and spinal cord contain most (about 85%) of the infectious materials that could cause the spread of BSE. This regulation is intended to remove these tissues from the animal food chain entirely, thus greatly reducing the potential for inadvertent cross-contamination. Removing these tissues from the animal food chain prevents cross-contamination or accidental or intentional misfeeding. The regulation mainly applies to renderers and slaughter facilities because it focuses on removing the brains and spinal cords from animal carcasses, which is an activity typically performed at these facilities.

You can find CVM BSE Guidances , the Feed Ban Enhancement , and other requirements for BSE on the CVM BSE webpage .

Import/Export of Animal Food

Importing animal food.

General FDA Imports Information

Imported animal food, including medicated feed products, must meet the requirements of The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 (the Bioterrorism Act). This law requires animal food producing facilities to register with FDA and to file "prior notice" for each shipment of imported food before it arrives at a U.S. port of entry. The FDA website has more detailed information about facility registration and prior notice requirements.

If you have questions, or you need help with registering your facility or with filing prior notice, please contact the FDA’s Industry Systems Help Desk experts Monday to Friday from 7:30 am to 11:00 pm EST

By phone: 1-800-216-7331
By email: [email protected]

In addition to FDA requirements, you may need to satisfy U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) requirements. You can find CBP’s requirements on the U.S. Customs and Border Protection website .

FDA can examine shipments of regulated products whenever they are offered for entry at a U.S. Port of Entry . FDA will detain products that violate FDA law and regulations. Products that cannot be brought into compliance with the law will be refused. Refused products must be exported or destroyed under CBP supervision. Even if FDA did not examine a regulated product at the time of entry, the product must still comply with U.S. laws and regulations when it is in the U.S.

The following FDA webpages have more detailed information about importing products into the U.S.:

Import Program – Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Importing - Animal Food
Regulatory Procedures Manual - Chapter 9: Import Operations and Actions

Foreign Supplier Verification Program (FSVP)

The Foreign Supplier Verification Program (FSVP) regulation in 21 CFR part 1, subpart L , applies to U.S. importers of human and animal food. Under the FSVP, an importer is the U.S. owner or consignee of a food offered for import into the United States. If there is no U.S. owner or consignee, the importer is the U.S. agent or representative of the food’s foreign owner or consignee at the time of entry, as confirmed in a signed statement of intent. You can find more information about whether the FSVP regulation applies to you on the Am I Subject to FSVP? fact sheet.

Importers of animal food must have an FSVP in place. The FSVP requires importers to verify that the processes and procedures their foreign suppliers are using to make animal food give the same level of public health protection that the PCAF regulation does and ensures that the supplier’s animal food is not adulterated. Importers must:

Determine whether there are known or reasonably foreseeable hazards associated with each animal food;
Evaluate the risk posed by an animal food, based on the hazard analysis, and the foreign supplier’s performance;
Use that evaluation of the risk posed by the imported animal food and the supplier’s performance to approve suppliers and determine appropriate supplier verification activities;
Conduct supplier verification activities; and
Conduct correction actions.

You can find more information about the FSVP rule, including information on compliance dates, on the FDA FSMA Final Rule on Foreign Supplier Verification Programs (FSVP) for Importers of Food for Humans and Animals webpage .

Exporting Animal Food

Some animal food businesses will export their animal food to other countries. You can find more information about the requirements for exporting animal food, including the types of export certificates an animal food business can request on CVM’s Exporting—Animal Feed and Animal Drugs webpage .

How to Start a Food Business

Service Support

If you're considering starting an animal feed business, it's crucial to have a well-designed business plan to ensure success. Whether you're an experienced entrepreneur or new to the industry, this column explores various business plans for establishing a poultry , livestock , or aquaculture feed pellet plant.

Business Plan for Various Animal Feed Pellets Making

Small Sheep/Goat Feed Pellet Making Machine
Ruminant Animal Feed Production Business Plan
Making Profits from Fish Feed Processing Business
Buy Floating Fish Feed Making Machine at Factory Price
Start Broiler Chicken Feed Manufacturing Process
Pig Feed Mill Plant Setup and Equipment Selection
Choose a Pelletizing Machine for Dairy Feed Business
Setting up a Medium Chicken Feed Plant Cost
Home or Poultry Farm Bird Feed Pellet Making Machine
Catfish Feed Pellet Machine to Make High Quality Feed

Making Various Animal Feed Pellets Business Plan

To begin, it's essential to understand the market demand and competition. Thorough research will help you identify potential customers, their preferences, and the challenges they face. Assess the size of the market and the existing players in the industry.

Business Plan for Livestock Feed Pellet Plant

For a livestock feed pellet plant, determine the types of livestock you want to target, their nutritional requirements, and the production capacity of your plant. And then assessing the market demand for different types of feed and calculate the cost of production.

Business Plan for Poultry Feed Pellet Plant

Poultry farming is a popular and profitable sector in the animal industry. With the right business plan, establishing a poultry feed pellet plant can be a lucrative venture. Identify your target market, the types of feed required, and the production capacity of your plant. Determine the required machinery, raw materials, and other inputs. Calculate the cost of production, including labor, utilities, and overheads.

Business Plan for Aquaculture Feed Pellet Plant

For those looking to enter the aquaculture industry, establishing an aquaculture feed pellet plant may be a wise choice. This rapidly growing industry has an increasing demand for high-quality feed, making it a potentially profitable venture. To get started, identify your target market, the types of feed required, and the production capacity of your plant. Determine the necessary raw materials and machinery, and calculate the cost of production to ensure success.

Get Your Own Customized Animal Feed Business Plan at ABC Machinery

To promote your animal feed business, effective marketing strategies are necessary. Develop a brand identity and create a website to showcase your products and services. Attend industry conferences and events to network marketing.

At ABC Machinery, our top priority is to provide our customers with exceptional machinery and equipment for their animal feed plants. Our product range includes pellet mills, mixers, grinders, and other essential equipment designed to maximize production efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Our team of experienced engineers and technicians are dedicated to providing professional guidance and support to help our customers succeed in the animal feed industry. We pride ourselves on offering a personalized experience, and we invite you to contact us today for a free consultation to learn how we can help you achieve your goals in the animal feed industry.

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How to Start a Cattle Feed Production Business? [Investment, Tips & More]

The Cattle feed manufacturing business or the pashu aahar business is an auxiliary service for the primary sector in India. Animal feed is the food item that domestic animals consume in animal husbandry. The commercial production of high-grade cattle feed is a profitable business considering the growth of animal husbandry and the human population that demands more resources. With growing demand, the prices for these fodders will also increase steadily, bringing a profit for the business owners. Hence, the future prospects for this business look good because of the growing demand for animal products. If you are looking to start a cattle feed business , we are here with all the information you need.

Start with a cattle feed business plan that demonstrates the framework of setting up a profitable cattle feed production business. This blog will tell you about the types of fodder prepared on a commercial scale, the equipment and machinery used, and other details regarding starting a small scale business .

How Profitable is the Cattle Feed Production Business?

The major portion of demand comes from established animal husbandries located in all parts of the world. Also, there is a good profit margin for feed production. Hence the cattle feed business in India is one of the profitable new business ideas and one of the best small business ideas that can help you earn decently in future.

1. Investment for Animal Feed Manufacturing Business

You require two types of capital for running any feed production business: fixed capital and working capital. Fixed capital is the one-time investment required to manufacture the products. It is used in machines, set-up plants and similar expenditures. The working capital is required to pay the salaries, daily expenses, raw materials, transportation, storage and more.

You will require approximately 7-15 lakhs to start the business. You will need most of your capital to procure a good quality blender and machines from the vendor. After that, you would need a constant supply of the materials required to make the feed. If you are looking for how to start a cattle feed business in India, make a list of the equipment needed for manufacturing the feed. You should note that the above-mentioned ballpark figure is for the machines and the supply of materials, which excludes your plant location and the area on which the business will be set up. Usually, you can get the land at a lower cost for your plant set-up in rural areas. An estimated amount of 5 lakhs would be required to set up your plant and the manufacturing factory on the land. You can check out various concessions given by the state and central government for setting up such factories.

2. Ways for financing:

Financing is a major challenge for new entrepreneurs in the primary sector. But banks and financial institutions provide loans with the low-interest rate for

3. What are the Machinery and Equipment Required for Production?

Let’s check the major requirements for cattle feed production. These will be included in your cattle feed business plan. You need

A Ribbon blender 1 MT capacity with these starters that include motor, starter, pulley, V belt stand coping with the 1 Metric Tonne capacity. Also, buy some spare parts.
A platform weighing machine to weigh the products
Testing equipment for the machine
A disintegrator with a motor, pulley, starter, V belt, and stand
Gyratory sifter with motor starter sieve
Bag sealing machine
Afterwards you need some miscellaneous tools and equipment

Those were the machines required to start the cattle feed manufacturing business . Afterwards, it would be best to have a constant supply of water and electricity to run these machines.

4. What are the Necessary Raw Materials?

The raw materials that would be required to start with your small scale business are as follows:

Groundnut extraction
Minerals mixture
Rice bran extraction
Damaged wheat
Calcium carbonate
Vitamin mixture

You need to make sure that you provide quality feed to sustain in this business for the long run. Also, know that every different type of feed demands a different mixing formula that you have to know. Hire a feed specialist to cater to this need.

5. Types of Animal Feeds:

It’s necessary to determine the type of feed that you would be producing. Your unique business ideas need to have a proper business plan, to begin with. There are two types of products in the cattle feed business:

Fodder: It is pleasant in taste and easy for digestion by the animals. It keeps animals in good health as their natural form consists of fresh nutrients healthy for the animals.
Forage: These are the parts of plants that the animals occasionally graze. They are for rumen digestion as they supply the necessary fibres. They are more economical as they can be homegrown and also ensure a diluted nutrient source.

Compound feed for animals, livestock, in circles isolated on white background

If you are thinking of the best business to start in India, cattle feed manufacturing is one of the best small profitable business ideas for you. With an initial investment of around 7 lakhs, you can start your own cattle feed production business and generate profit. You will need some heavy equipment as a one-time investment and a constant supply of raw materials for manufacturing. Choose your plant location wisely and near your market, which will be farms, husbandaries and rural areas. The quality of the feed with the price tag will be a detrimental factor in your business growth, which you need to plan initially. It is one of the best business ideas in recent times when more focus is given to the primary business sector.

1) Startups in India: Growth & Other Factors to be Considered for a Startup 2) What Are Some Good Startup Ideas? 3) Where to Get a Small Business License? 4) Startup Ideas: How do you know if your Startup idea already exists? 5) OkCredit: Simple, Paperless & Secure solution for businesses

Stay updated with new business ideas & business tips with OkCredit blogs in English, Hindi, Malayalam, Marathi & more! Download OkCredit now & get rid of your bookkeeping hassles. OkCredit is 100% Made in India.

Q. Are our cattle feed businesses good and profitable on a small scale?

Ans. Yes, the cattle feed business is a profitable small scale business model that can be scaled up when required. A major investment is required in the machinery for manufacturing the feed. You can get financing support from banks and the government.

Q. How to get unique business ideas for the cattle feed business?

Ans. Learn from your competitors to establish a firm knowledge about running a cattle feed business . You can get many websites for information regarding this subject.

Q. What is the equipment required to manufacture cattle feed?

Ans. The equipment required to manufacture cattle feed is listed below.

You need a Ribbon blender 1 MT capacity with these starters that include motor, starter, pulley, V belt stand coping with the 1M. Ton capacity. Also, buy some spare parts.
Then, you need a platform weighing machine to weigh the products.
Then, you need a disintegrator with the following parts: motor, pulley, starter, V belt, and stand.
Afterwards, you need some miscellaneous tools and equipment

Q. What is the overall cost of setting up a cattle feed business from scratch?

Ans. Including the procurement of land, making factories, getting tools and supplies till final production, you will need to shell out at least INR 12 lakhs depending on the cost of land, factories, machines, materials etc.

Read the best of business ideas, tips for small businesses, the latest update on technology & more by OkCredit.

How to Start a Livestock Feed Manufacturing Business

Updated on 8 December 2023

When started properly, a livestock feed manufacturing business can be a highly profitable venture. South Africa has a large livestock market, so there’s always demand for livestock feed. As long as you create a quality product and operate in an area with enough demand, then this could be an excellent business idea for anyone wanting to get into the agricultural sector. Here are the essential steps to take when starting a livestock feed manufacturing business.

Market Research and Business Plan

The first step to starting any business involves planning. Conduct thorough market research to understand the demand for livestock feed in your area. Identify your target market (e.g., poultry, cattle, swine), their needs, and any potential competitors. Then you’ll need to create a detailed business plan outlining your goals, target market, pricing strategy, marketing plan, and financial projections. The more in-depth your business plan is, the easier it will be to launch your business without any hiccups. And the more research you put into this business plan, the greater your business’s chances of success will be.

Legal and Regulatory Compliance

Register your business and obtain the necessary licenses and permits required in your area. It’s a good idea to check in with your local municipality to see whether your business location is suitable for livestock feed manufacturing and what permits are required. You’ll also need to make sure your business is compliant with all regulations related to food and feed production. This might include inspections and approvals of your facility, suppliers, and operations. Again, planning your business in detail will make it easier to meet all relevant standards and regulations.

See Also: The Basics of Registering a Small Business in South Africa

Location and Infrastructure

Choose an appropriate location for your manufacturing plant. This is often the hardest part of getting a livestock feed manufacturing business off the ground. Ensure your location is easily accessible for transportation and has enough space for production, storage, and office facilities. Set up the necessary infrastructure including machinery, storage silos, mixing equipment, and packaging facilities. Before choosing a location, make sure you understand the demand required for your business to be a success. You’ll need to make sure your location is suitable for meeting this demand – ideally with room to scale.

Raw Material Procurement

A successful livestock feed manufacturing business requires a quality product. To achieve this, you’ll need to start with great raw materials. Source high-quality raw materials for producing livestock feed. These may include grains, proteins (like soybean meal), vitamins, minerals, and additives. Establish relationships with reliable suppliers to ensure a steady supply of quality ingredients at competitive prices. Getting your hands on the right raw materials is one of the most important parts of setting up your business, so make sure you take the time to compare and sample products from different suppliers.

Feed Formulation and Production Process

Although it’s a fairly simple product, livestock feed still needs to be carefully created according to the right recipe. Develop or acquire scientifically formulated feed recipes suitable for your target livestock. Invest in equipment and technology for the mixing, grinding, and pelletizing process. Ensure proper hygiene and quality control measures are in place throughout the production process to maintain the nutritional integrity of the feed.

Quality Control and Testing:

Implement strict quality control measures to ensure the nutritional value, safety, and quality of your feed products. Regularly test batches for nutritional content, contaminants, and pathogens. Adhere to industry standards and best practices to maintain consistent product quality.

Packaging and Branding

Choose suitable packaging that preserves the feed’s quality and makes your product look good. Design a label that complies with regulatory requirements, offers all the necessary information, and makes your brand stand out.

Distribution and Sales

Now that you’ve got your product developed, the next essential step is selling it. Develop a distribution network that efficiently delivers your products to retailers, farmers, and other potential customers. Consider partnering with feed stores, and agricultural cooperatives, or offer direct sales to farms. Establish strong relationships with customers through excellent service and consistent product quality.

Marketing and Promotion

Implement marketing strategies to promote your feed products. Use online and offline channels such as social media, trade shows, farm exhibitions, and agricultural publications to reach your target audience. Use your marketing messages to educate potential customers about the benefits and advantages of your feed products.

Ultimately, the main things that will set your livestock feed business apart from the competition are a quality product and great service. Get these two elements covered, sell your livestock feed where there’s strong demand, and your business should be a success.

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Insights into Cattle Feed Manufacturing Process and Machinery

In the complex cattle feed manufacturing process, a well-designed process is essential. Each step of the cattle feed production process, from raw material preparation to the final product, requires careful consideration. The purpose of this article is to discuss the key details of each stage in the cattle feed making process, as well as the key considerations when buying cattle feed making machines. By taking a closer look at the cattle feed manufacturing process and cattle feed processing unit selection, you will be able to build an efficient and reliable cattle feed production system. (Read more about Buying Animal Feed Mill>> )

Animal feed can be categorized according to its composition, form and nutritional value.

Feed composition classification: roughage (crude fiber feed), concentrated feed (concentrate feed):
Feed nutritional perspective classification: energy feed, protein feed, minerals and vitamins feed
Feed use classification: silage, full-value feed, supplemental feed
Feed form classification: powder feed, pellet feed, block feed

And when it comes to animal pelleted feed, the advantage is that it offers multiple benefits. Advantages of using pellet feed for cattle(cow):

Increasing Yield by 10-15%: Pelleted feeds can significantly increase cattle production. In dairy cows (milk cattle), for example, studies have shown that a nutritionally balanced pelleted feed can increase milk production of cows, usually by between 10% and 15%.
Precise Control of Nutrient Composition: The protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals in cattle pelleted feeds can be precisely controlled. Typical cow pellets usually contain 15% to 20% protein and 2% to 5% fat.
Achieving 75%-85% Digestibility: Feed pellets are more easily digested and absorbed by cattle because of their uniform pellet size and texture. The digestibility of pelleted feeds is usually as high as 75% to ~85%, while that of roughage is below this range. This reduces the amount of feed consumed by cattle and reduces feed waste.
Reducing Transportation and Storage Costs by 5%-10%: The high density and small size of pellet feeds increase feed tolerance capacity by 40-100% , reducing transportation and storage costs. (Tolerance: the ratio of weight to volume) Also, due to its small size, pelleted feed requires less packaging and transportation material per unit weight.

Efficient Cattle Pellet Feed Processing: Vital Steps and Techniques

This complete cattle feed manufacturing line contains these cattle feed production units: cattle feed cleaning machine, cattle feed crusher machine, cattle feed mixer machine, cattle feed pelleting machine, cattle feed cooler machine, cattle feed dryer machine, and cattle feed packaging machine.

cattle feed manufacturing process flow chart

However, it should be noted that the equipment of cattle feed manufacturing unit configuration in your production line may be different because of different production scales, feed types, investment expectations and other factors even including feed formula. If you are troubled by this, you can consult us directly. We provide free consulting services, cattle feed processing machine configuration and cattle feed production line design plans, cattle feed plant layout for your specific needs!

Receiving Feedstuffs: First Step in Feed Pellet Manufacturing Process

Raw material receiving is the first process of cattle feed processing plant production, which affects the overall quality and safety of cattle feed pellet products . The following are the things to pay attention to in the raw material receiving section:

Standardize the receiving procedure, and check the appearance of goods, goods list, marking and packaging .
Conduct sampling tests and record data, focusing on quality control.
Ensure that the raw material storage environment meets the requirements, and raw materials are categorized and stored to avoid cross-contamination.

Cleaning Feedstuffs: Ensuring Feed Quality and Machine Safety

The cleaning of raw materials is not only to ensure that the cattle feed impurities are not excessive, but also to ensure the safe production of cattle feed manufacturing machines in the making line. Cattle feed plants mainly clean up grain raw materials and their processing by-products. After cleaning, it is necessary to ensure that the raw materials are sufficiently dry to avoid excessive moisture content, which affects feed processing and preservation.

Crushing Feedstuffs: Vital Stage in Feed Pellet Production Line

Cattle feed pellet raw material pulverization can increase the digestibility of animals and improve the processing quality and efficiency of subsequent steps in the cattle feed pellet production line. Usually, for cattle as livestock, the most suitable grinding size is 800~1200μm.

Mixing Feedstuffs: Blending Based on Cattle Feed Pellet Formula

In cattle feed processing production, the mixing process is a key step to ensure the uniform distribution of various nutrients in cattle feed pellet ingredients.

The order of mixing cattle feed raw materials is to mix powdered raw materials first, followed by liquid raw materials.
The cattle feed mixer machine should be kept clean and cleaned between mixing different feeds to avoid cross-contamination.
Mixing time should be sufficient to ensure ingredients for making cattle feed uniform mixing, the general mixing time is 5-10 minutes.

Pelletizing Cattle Feed: Key Stage in Feed Pellet Formation

Cattle feed pelletizing is the key link in the cattle feed production process . Powdered feed is transformed into pellets through the cattle feed pellet press machine. During this process, the cattle feed pellet manufacturers have to pay extra attention. Below is a table to introduce you to cattle feed pellet specifications.

Cattle Feed Pellets Parameters	Reference Data
Cattle Feed Pellets Moisture	Less Than 13.5%
Cattle Feed Pellet Bulk Weight	About 1.2~1.3 g/cm³
Cattle Pellet Diameter	Cattle: 9.0~15.0mm; Calves: 6.0~10.0mm
Cattle Pellet Length	1.5~2 Times the Diameter

Cooling Cattle Feed: Lowering Temperature for Storage Stability

During the cattle feed manufacturing process, the cooling process is an important step to ensure product quality and long-term preservation as well as stabilize the shape of pellets.

Cooling should be done gradually . Avoid rapid temperature changes that cause unevenness within the feed.
Avoid high humidity environment. High humidity affects the quality and shelf life of the feed.

Packaging Cattle Feed: Final Step in Commercial Animal Feed Mills

Use moisture-proof bags: the main requirements of packaging are moisture-proof, insect-proof and anti-freezing. It is better for the cattle feed making plants to line the bag with a layer of polyethylene film.
Net weight error control at 1%~2%: the net weight of each bag of feed should be within the specified error, and the general error should be controlled at 1%~2%. The common packing specification for cattle feed pellet plants is 50 kg ± 0.5 kg.

If you have questions about the cattle feed manufacturing process you can get a free consultation!

Investing in Cattle Feed Machines: Implementing Feed Manufacturing Process

After understanding the cattle feed processing process, we have to focus on the cattle feed processing machines used in cattle feed processing as well as complete production lines and feed processing plants. Depending on the investment scale, output requirements and application scenarios of cattle feed producers, it is important to choose the right cattle feed production program according to the actual situation. （Read more about Cattle Feed Machine Price>> and Cattle Feed Plant Cost>> ）

Small Cattle Feed Machine

Small cattle feed machines usually refer to flat die feed pellet mill . Flat die feed pellet mill is characterized by a simple structure, easy operation and strong adaptability. As a homemade feed pellet machine , it can meet the daily feed needs of poultry and livestock. Some others recognize the flat die feed pellet machine as a mini cattle feed machine because it is more portable and suitable for outdoor use.

Large Cattle Feed Machine

buy industrial large cattle feed pellet mill

As a large cattle feed manufacturing machine , the ring die feed pellet mill is characterized by high efficiency production and wide applicability. Its structure is powerful and durable, which can meet the demand of large-scale feed processing and is suitable for livestock farms and breeding bases. And ring die feed pellet mill also is called industrial feed pellet machine .

Cattle Feed Pellet Production Plant

The scale and functional layout of the production line need to match the feed type, production volume and process flow. Large-scale cattle feed production lines should consider the degree of automation and efficient capacity, while small-scale cattle feed production lines pay more attention to flexibility and adaptability to meet individual needs. Therefore, in the cattle feed plant design process, fully understanding the production demand and combining the technical characteristics, can create a cattle feed production line more in keeping with the actual needs. (Link to Cattle Feed Mill Price in India>> ）

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To setting up a cattle feed processing plant or starting cattle feed manufacturing business you have to make a complete business plan, make a customized feed mill layout design. The cattle feed market has been segmented based on feed ingredients like corn, soybean meal, wheat, oilseeds, and other ingredients.
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Setup a Cattle Feed Processing Plant: Business Plan & Layout Design
The machinery you need is determined by the feed you want to produce. Grinder, mixer, pelleting machine, freezer, sifter, weight scale, packaging bags and more are some of the necessary feed processing equipment for starting a complete cattle feed production factory. Here you can see a 3-5 ton/h cattle feed manufacturing process flow chart.
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How to Start a Profitable Animal Feed Manufacturing Business

11 Steps to Start Animal Feed Manufacturing Business

2. Get Trained

3. Develop a Business Plan

4. Legal and Regulatory Compliance

5. Manufacturing Plant & Machinery

6. Setup Manufacturing Facility

7. Source Quality Ingredients

8. Formulate Animal Feed Recipes

9. Manufacturing Process

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11. Distribution and Marketing

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