phd neuropsychology requirements

Neuropsychology Ph.D. Programs – Everything You Need to Know in 2024

What’s in this guide, at a glance.

• Why get a PhD in  Neuropsychology?

Entry requirements for a Neuropsychology PhD program

What’s covered in a neuropsychology phd program, how much does a phd in neuropsychology cost, program funding and financial support, program duration and flexibility, location and access to clinical populations, program curriculum and specializations, internship placement and post-graduation outcomes, what jobs can you do with a phd in neuropsychology, how much can you earn with a phd in neuropsychology.

By PsychologyJobs.com Staff Writer

A PhD in neuropsychology is an advanced academic degree that delves into the intricate relationship between the brain and behavior. It encompasses a comprehensive study of how different neurological conditions, injuries, and disorders affect cognitive functions and behaviors. This intensive program integrates both theoretical and applied knowledge, ensuring that students are well-equipped to understand the complexities of the human brain and its impact on behavior and cognition.

The journey to earning a PhD in neuropsychology typically spans between 5 to 7 years, although the duration can vary based on individual progress and institutional requirements. Throughout this period, students immerse themselves in a rigorous curriculum that covers a broad spectrum of topics. Common areas of study include neuroanatomy, cognitive neuropsychology, clinical neuropsychology, neuropsychological assessment, neuroscience, and research methods. Additionally, candidates are often required to undergo clinical training and produce a dissertation grounded in original research.

Upon successful completion, many choose to work as  clinical neuropsychologists , diagnosing and treating individuals with neurological challenges. Others opt for roles in  research , either in academic settings or with pharmaceutical companies, delving deeper into the mysteries of the brain. The academic realm offers positions as  professors , while some graduates venture into forensic neuropsychology, healthcare administration, or even science writing. The versatility of the degree ensures that its holders can find fulfilling roles in diverse sectors, all centered around the profound understanding of the brain’s influence on behavior.

Why get a PhD in Neuropsychology?

There are a multitude of reasons why students pursue a PhD in neuropsychology, here are a few key reasons to consider it:

Expertise in a Growing Field

Neuropsychology is a rapidly expanding field, with increased recognition of the importance of brain-behavior relationships in various medical, educational, and legal settings. The demand for expertise in understanding neurological conditions and their impacts on cognition and behavior has surged. By pursuing a PhD in neuropsychology, students position themselves at the forefront of this blossoming domain, armed with the in-depth knowledge and skills essential for leading the next wave of discoveries and interventions. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the employment of psychologists, which includes neuropsychologists, is projected to grow 3% from 2019 to 2029. The increasing demand for psychological services in schools, hospitals, mental health centers, and social service agencies will drive employment growth.

Diverse Career Opportunities

A PhD in neuropsychology opens doors to a multitude of career paths, ensuring flexibility and adaptability in the job market. From clinical practice and academic research to consultancy roles in legal and corporate settings, the range of jobs available to neuropsychologists is both broad and varied. This diversity ensures that graduates have numerous avenues to explore based on their interests and strengths, making the degree exceptionally versatile.

The American Psychological Association (APA) indicated that in 2020, about 58% of doctorate recipients in psychology had a full-time job position waiting upon graduation, reflecting the diverse opportunities available in the field.

Potential for High Earnings and Job Satisfaction

Investing in a PhD in neuropsychology can lead to significant financial and personal rewards. Those with advanced degrees in the field often command higher salaries and have a greater range of job opportunities compared to those with just a bachelor’s or master’s degree. Moreover, the profound impact neuropsychologists can have on their patients’ lives, from diagnosing conditions to providing treatments, offers a level of job satisfaction that is both meaningful and fulfilling.

• Bachelor’s Degree : Typically in neuroscience, psychology or a related field, though some programs may accept applicants from other disciplines if they’ve completed prerequisite courses.
• Master’s Degree : Some programs prefer or require a  master’s degree  in psychology or a related field, while others will accept students directly from a  bachelor’s program .
• Grade Point Average (GPA) : Many programs have a minimum GPA requirement of 3.0.
• Letters of Recommendation : Typically from professors, researchers, or professionals familiar with the applicant’s academic and/or clinical work.
• Background Check : Given the nature of clinical work, some programs might require a background check before final admission.

A Neuropsychology PhD program provides students with an in-depth understanding of the relationship between the brain and behavior. Here are some areas that are typically covered:

• Foundations of Neuropsychology:  This offers an introduction to the field, covering historical developments, key concepts, and the primary challenges and questions driving current research.
• Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology:  Detailed exploration of the structure and function of the nervous system, with an emphasis on regions of the brain associated with specific cognitive and behavioral functions.
• Cognitive Neuropsychology:  Examines the cognitive consequences of brain injuries or diseases, covering topics like memory, attention, language, and executive functions.
• Clinical Neuropsychology:  Introduces students to the practices and methods used to assess and treat individuals with brain injuries or disorders.
• Developmental Neuropsychology:  Study of how cognitive functions and the brain develop over a lifespan, from infancy to old age.
• Neuropsychological Assessment:  Covers the tools, tests, and techniques used to evaluate cognitive and behavioral functions, and how these assessments inform diagnosis and treatment.
• Neuropsychological Rehabilitation:  Explores methods and interventions to help individuals recover or adapt to cognitive deficits.
• Research Methods and Statistics in Neuropsychology:  Provides training in experimental design, data collection, and statistical analysis specifically tailored to neuropsychological research.
• Neuroimaging and Neurodiagnostics:  An introduction to the tools and methods, like fMRI or PET scans, used to visualize and measure brain structure and activity.
• Neurodevelopmental and Genetic Disorders:  Focuses on conditions like ADHD, autism, and Down syndrome, examining their neurological underpinnings and manifestations.
• Neuropathology:  Study of diseases that affect brain tissue, including neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease.
• Psychopharmacology:  Understanding of how various drugs affect the brain and behavior, and how they can be used in treatment.
• Ethics in Neuropsychological Research and Practice:  Addresses the ethical considerations in conducting research and in clinical practice.
• Specialized Seminars and Electives:  Topics can vary widely but may include areas like sports-related brain injuries, advanced neuroimaging techniques, or the neuropsychology of emotion.
• Clinical Practicum and Internships:  Real-world experience in clinical settings, offering students hands-on practice in assessment, diagnosis, and treatment under supervision.
• Dissertation Research:  Students typically conduct original research, culminating in a written dissertation that they defend before a committee.

Here’s a sample curriculum for a PhD program in neuropsychology:

Semester 1:

• Introduction to Neuropsychology
• Neuroanatomy and Basic Neurophysiology
• Research Methods in Neuropsychology I
• Cognitive Psychology Foundations
• Clinical Practicum I

Semester 2:

• Cognitive Neuropsychology
• Advanced Neurophysiology
• Statistics in Neuropsychological Research I
• Developmental Neuropsychology
• Clinical Practicum II

Second Year

• Clinical Neuropsychology I
• Neuropsychological Assessment I
• Psychopharmacology
• Neuroimaging Techniques
• Research Seminar I
• Clinical Neuropsychology II
• Neuropsychological Assessment II
• Ethics in Neuropsychological Research and Practice
• Neurodevelopmental and Genetic Disorders
• Research Seminar II
• Neuropsychological Rehabilitation
• Advanced Topics in Cognitive Neuropsychology
• Neurodegenerative Diseases and Neuropathology
• Clinical Practicum III
• Dissertation Research I
• Advanced Neuroimaging and Diagnostics
• Clinical Neuropsychology Case Studies
• Neuropsychology of Emotion
• Clinical Practicum IV
• Dissertation Research II

Fourth Year

• Neuropsychology in Legal Settings (Forensic Neuropsychology)
• Specialized Seminar (e.g., Sports-related Brain Injuries)
• Advanced Psychopharmacology
• Clinical Internship I
• Dissertation Research III
• Pediatric Neuropsychology
• Advanced Seminar on Genetics and Neuropsychology
• Research Methods in Neuropsychology II
• Clinical Internship II
• Dissertation Research IV

Fifth Year (and possibly beyond)

Throughout the Year:

• Clinical Internship III (Advanced)
• Dissertation Writing and Defense
• Optional: Specialized electives or additional seminars based on research focus.

The cost of a PhD in Neuropsychology varies based on several factors, including the type of institution, location, and program duration. Public universities typically have lower tuition for in-state students, with costs ranging from $10,000 to $30,000 annually, while out-of-state students may pay more. In contrast, private institutions might charge between $25,000 to $50,000 or even higher per year in tuition and fees.

Another significant consideration is the availability of funding packages. Many PhD programs offer financial packages that can include tuition waivers, stipends, and health benefits in exchange for teaching or research assistantships. The extent and type of funding can differ substantially among institutions, with many students in neuropsychology programs often having a large portion, if not all, of their tuition covered.

Apart from tuition, prospective students should also account for other expenses such as books, supplies, fees, and living costs. It’s crucial to research individual programs, ascertain available funding opportunities, and evaluate the overall financial commitment before enrolling.

What to look for in a PhD program

It can be overwhelming with so many PhD programs out there and so many factors to consider. Choosing a program in neuropsychology is a significant decision that will impact the trajectory of your career. Here are a few key ways to compare programs/institutions:

Fully funded programs, which include tuition waivers and stipends, can drastically reduce student debt and allow students to focus on their studies. The National Science Foundation’s Survey of Earned Doctorates found that over 75% of research doctorate recipients in psychology reported no education-related debt, largely due to funding availability in their programs.

The length of a program and its ability to accommodate part-time students or offer flexible schedules can be vital, especially for those balancing work, family, or other commitments.

According to the APA, the median time to complete a doctorate in psychology has been around 7 years. However, some programs, especially those designed for working professionals, might offer accelerated tracks or part-time options, which can affect this duration.

Being in a location that provides access to diverse clinical populations or specific groups that align with a student’s research interests can be invaluable for hands-on training and research.

A report from the APA emphasized the importance of diversity in clinical training. Programs located in urban settings or areas with diverse communities can offer broader exposure and experience in multicultural clinical practice, which is essential if you intend to practice clinically after your neuropsychology degree.

The curriculum and available specializations should align with a student’s career and research interests.

In a survey by the APA, PhD recipients emphasized the importance of finding a program that matched their specific interests, as this played a crucial role in their eventual job satisfaction and career trajectory.

High-quality internship placements and positive post-graduation outcomes can significantly influence a graduate’s early career.

The Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship Centers (APPIC) provides data on internship match rates. Programs with high match rates to APA-accredited internships often signal strong training and preparation.

• Clinical Neuropsychologist:  This is one of the most direct career paths. Clinical neuropsychologists assess and treat individuals with brain injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, and other neurological disorders. They often work in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and private practices.
• Academic Researcher:  PhD holders can pursue positions in universities or research institutes where they conduct studies on brain-behavior relationships, cognitive functions, or neurological disorders.
• Professor/Lecturer:  With a PhD, individuals can teach neuropsychology and related courses at undergraduate and graduate levels in colleges and universities.
• Forensic psychologist:  These professionals use their expertise in legal settings, assessing cognitive and psychological functions in criminal cases, personal injury lawsuits, or competency evaluations.
• Pediatric Neuropsychologist:  Specializing in assessing and treating cognitive and behavioral issues in children and adolescents, they might work in children’s hospitals, schools, or private practices.
• Rehabilitation Specialist:  These individuals design and implement strategies to help patients recover cognitive functions after traumatic brain injuries, strokes, or other neurological incidents.
• Pharmaceutical or Biotech Researcher:  With a background in brain function and behavior, neuropsychologists can work with companies developing drugs or interventions for neurological disorders.
• Neuroimaging Specialist:  Using techniques like fMRI, PET, or EEG, these professionals analyze brain activity and structure, often collaborating with researchers or clinicians.
• Consultant:  Some neuropsychologists work in industries such as marketing, where knowledge of cognition and behavior can help shape consumer research and strategies.
• Healthcare Administrator:  For those interested in the organizational side of healthcare, a background in neuropsychology can be beneficial in roles overseeing clinical services or developing treatment programs in hospitals or clinics.
• Science Writer or Communicator:  Combining expertise in neuropsychology with strong communication skills, individuals can write articles, books, or produce media content for general audiences, educational institutions, or scientific communities.
• Policy Advisor:  Governments and nonprofits might seek the expertise of neuropsychologists when crafting health policies, guidelines, or public health campaigns related to brain health.

Below you will find the average annual salary for job roles commonly held by those with a PhD in Neuropsychology. The overall average salary for a holder of this degree is $82,333 per year.

• Clinical Neuropsychologist:  $90,000
• Academic Researcher:  $75,000
• Professor/Lecturer:  $80,000 (This varies greatly based on rank, institution, and tenure.)
• Forensic Neuropsychologist:  $95,000
• Pediatric Neuropsychologist:  $92,000
• Rehabilitation Specialist:  $78,000
• Pharmaceutical or Biotech Researcher:  $85,000
• Neuroimaging Specialist:  $82,000
• Consultant:  $87,000 (This varies greatly based on industry and expertise.)
• Healthcare Administrator:  $98,000
• Science Writer or Communicator:  $60,000
• Policy Advisor:  $70,000

Neuropsychology PhD Programs

Exploring the Field of Neuropsychology: Education, Careers, and Opportunities

Neuropsychology is a fascinating field that examines the relationship between the brain and behavior. It is a discipline that is concerned with understanding how the nervous system affects human behavior, emotions, and cognition.

• Neuropsychologists work in clinical and research settings to diagnose and treat neurological disorders, conduct research on the brain and behavior, and develop new treatments and therapies.

For those interested in pursuing a career in neuropsychology, this guide provides an overview of the educational and training requirements needed to become a neuropsychologist.

It covers topics such as degrees in neuropsychology, online psychology master’s programs, frequently asked questions about neuropsychology, and what a neuropsychologist does.

Whether you are just starting out or looking to advance your career, this guide will help you understand what it takes to become a neuropsychologist.

Key Takeaways

• Neuropsychology is a field that examines the relationship between the brain and behavior.
• Pursuing a career in neuropsychology requires a degree in neuropsychology, completing an online psychology master’s program, and understanding what a neuropsychologist does.

Degrees in Neuropsychology

Neuropsychology is a specialized field that requires a doctorate to practice. However, before pursuing a doctorate, students must complete their undergraduate degree.

Some students may opt to pursue a master’s degree before entering a doctoral program. Here are the three main degrees in Neuropsychology.

Bachelor’s Degree in Neuropsychology

To pursue a career in Neuropsychology, students typically begin by obtaining a bachelor’s degree in psychology, biology, or neuroscience.

Undergraduate programs that focus solely on Neuropsychology are rare. However, students can obtain a strong foundation in Neuropsychology by taking neuroscience, neuroanatomy, and psychological research courses.

Completing an internship can also prepare students for graduate programs.

If students are looking for a more flexible alternative to a campus-based undergraduate program, they can pursue an online bachelor’s degree in psychology or a related field.

Master’s Degree in Neuropsychology

Most aspiring Neuropsychologists go straight from their bachelor’s degree to a doctoral program in Neuropsychology. However, some students earn a master’s degree in Neuropsychology, clinical psychology, or a related field as a next step.

A master’s degree can help students decide if Neuropsychology is the right career for them. This degree can also help students boost their competitive edge when applying to selective doctoral programs.

Students take courses in areas such as learning and cognition, memory and the brain, and neuroscience, along with required clinical hours, internships, and research experiences, which can help prepare them for the demands of rigorous doctoral study.

If students decide to pursue a master’s degree in psychology but need to maintain work or personal commitments, they can find several programs available in convenient online or hybrid formats.

Doctorate in Neuropsychology

To practice Neuropsychology, individuals must hold a doctor of psychology (Psy.D.) or a doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.). The Psy.D. focuses on clinical training, while the Ph.D. emphasizes scientific research.

During doctoral studies, students complete advanced coursework in neuroanatomy, biopsychology, neuropsychological assessment, and research methods.

They also have to complete an internship and a dissertation based on independent research.

In addition to clinical hours and internships completed during their Neuropsychological degree, students should expect to spend 1-2 years in a postdoctoral fellowship to qualify for licensure and certification.

To qualify for a state license, they need to pass the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP).

Neuropsychologists often earn board certification through the American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology (ABCN) or the American Board of Professional Neuropsychology (ABPN).

Online Psychology Master’s Programs

Several accredited schools offer online psychology master’s programs. Consider one of these top programs to discover their value today.

• Programs focus on various areas such as clinical psychology, neuropsychology, and mental health counseling.
• Coursework includes topics like assessment, research methods, and evidence-based psychotherapy.
• Tuition ranges from $10,000 to $60,000 per academic year depending on the program and the university.
• Public universities in the U.S. typically charge in-state residents $5,000 to $25,000 per academic year and out-of-state residents $10,000 to $50,000.
• Private universities generally charge higher tuition fees.

Frequently Asked Questions About Neuropsychology

What is the difference between a psychologist and a neuropsychologist.

Psychologists and neuropsychologists both study human behavior and mental processes. However, neuropsychologists specialize in how the brain and nervous system influence cognitive processes, emotions, and behavior.

They use a combination of psychological and neurological assessments to diagnose and treat neurological conditions that affect behavior, cognition, and emotion.

Do Neuropsychologists Deal with Mental Disorders?

Neuropsychologists have the training to diagnose and treat behavioral and mental disorders associated with cognitive impairment, including conditions such as dementia, memory loss, and attention disorders.

They work closely with other healthcare professionals, such as psychiatrists and neurologists, to develop comprehensive treatment plans that address the patient’s specific needs.

Do Neuropsychologists Go to Med School?

Licensed neuropsychologists have either a Ph.D. or Psy.D. degree. They do not hold medical degrees and cannot administer medications.

However, they receive extensive training in neuroanatomy, neuropathology, and neurophysiology as part of their education and clinical internship.

How Much Do Neuropsychologists Earn?

According to Payscale, neuropsychologists earn an average base salary of $105,240 as of March 2024.

Several factors impact salaries, including work experience, specializations, and employment setting.

Neuropsychologists who work in research or public policy may earn less than those who work in private practice or clinical settings. However, with experience and advanced training, neuropsychologists may earn higher salaries.

What Does a Neuropsychologist Do?

Neuropsychologists assess and treat a variety of disorders related to changes in cognitive functioning, such as traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, stroke, ADHD, or Alzheimer’s disease. They work with people of all ages, from infancy to adulthood, and collaborate with other healthcare providers, including neurologists, neurosurgeons, and psychiatrists, to administer language assessments, personality tests, mental exams, and other diagnostic tools.

Based on these evaluations, they prepare a detailed report for patients and their healthcare team to guide treatment decisions.

Clinical Work

Clinical neuropsychologists work with patients in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and private practice.

They conduct neuropsychological assessments to evaluate cognitive functions, such as memory, language, attention, concentration, reasoning, and thinking.

They also assess brain-behavior relationships and neurological functioning to diagnose and treat disorders affecting the central nervous system.

Neuropsychologists use a variety of techniques to assess cognitive functions, including standardized tests, interviews, observations, and medical records.

Cognitive neuropsychologists mainly work as researchers with no direct patient interaction.

They typically work in academic and research institutions, conducting studies and developing new evaluation tools to advance the field.

Neuropsychologists with research interests may study a wide range of topics, including autism, epilepsy, stroke, cognitive aging, genetics, and brain and behavior.

What Else Can I Do With a Neuropsychology Degree?

A doctorate in neuropsychology can expand professional career options beyond clinical practice into other areas, including teaching, research, and consulting. A doctorate is generally required for teaching positions at the postsecondary level.

Neuropsychologists may find research positions at universities, academic medical centers, or government agencies.

They may also move into private practice or start their own consulting and research firms.

Neuropsychologists with clinical experiences often advance into supervisory positions as directors or department heads in hospitals and clinics.

Voluntary certifications like those offered through the American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology (ABCN) and the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) can advance career opportunities.

Neuropsychologists who want to specialize in the care of children may pursue board certification in pediatric neuropsychology, available through the ABCN or the American Board of Pediatric Neuropsychology (AAPdN).

Frequently Asked Questions

Admission requirements for neuropsychology phd programs.

To be admitted to a neuropsychology PhD program, applicants typically need to have a bachelor’s degree in psychology or a related field. Some programs may also require a master’s degree.

Additionally, applicants are usually required to have a minimum GPA of 3.0, GRE scores, letters of recommendation, and a personal statement outlining their research interests and career goals.

Duration of Neuropsychology PhD Programs

The typical duration of a neuropsychology PhD program is 5-7 years. This can vary depending on the program and the student’s research interests and progress.

Some programs may offer accelerated tracks or part-time options, but these are less common.

Career Paths After Completing a PhD in Neuropsychology

Graduates of neuropsychology PhD programs can pursue a variety of career paths.

Many become academic researchers or professors, while others work in clinical settings as neuropsychologists or in related fields such as neurology, psychiatry, or rehabilitation.

Some graduates may also work in industry or government positions.

Difference Between Clinical Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuropsychology PhD Programs

Clinical neuropsychology PhD programs focus on the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of neurological disorders and injuries.

Cognitive neuropsychology PhD programs, on the other hand, focus on the cognitive and neural processes underlying behavior, with an emphasis on understanding how brain damage affects these processes.

While there is some overlap between these two fields, they have distinct research and clinical focuses.

Funding Opportunities for Students in Neuropsychology PhD Programs

Many neuropsychology PhD programs offer funding opportunities for students, such as research assistantships, teaching assistantships, and fellowships.

These opportunities may provide a stipend, tuition remission, and health insurance.

Additionally, students may be eligible for external funding opportunities, such as grants from the National Institutes of Health or private foundations.

Difference Between a PhD in Neuroscience and a PhD in Neuropsychology in Terms of Career Prospects

Both neuroscience and neuropsychology PhD programs focus on the brain and behavior. However, they have different research and career focuses.

Neuropsychology PhD programs typically focus on the assessment and treatment of neurological disorders and injuries. Meanwhile, neuroscience PhD programs focus on understanding the basic mechanisms underlying brain function.

Graduates of both programs can pursue careers in academia, industry, or government. But, the specific career paths may differ.

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Neuropsychology Degree Overview

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Updated August 28, 2024 · 3 Min Read

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Are you ready to discover your college program?

If you are interested in how the brain and the nervous system affect human behavior, consider earning a neuropsychology degree. It can lead to careers in clinical and research settings. Explore this guide to learn what a neuropsychologist does and how to become one. We'll cover the best neuropsychology programs and highlight nontraditional programs, like neuropsychology masters programs online.

Degrees in Neuropsychology

A neuropsychologist must hold a doctorate to practice in the field. After earning a bachelor's degree, some neuropsychologists may pursue a master's in psychology, neuropsychology, or a related field before entering a doctoral program.

Although requirements vary by state, most neuropsychologists complete a doctoral program in psychology with a specialization in neuropsychology or neuroscience. Following doctoral training, aspiring neuropsychologists must complete extensive postdoctoral field experiences, pass a licensure exam, and, in some cases, qualify for board certifications.

Bachelor's Degree in Neuropsychology

Because of the specialized nature of the field, students typically do not begin to concentrate on the study of neuropsychology until they complete their bachelor's degree.

Undergraduate programs dedicated solely to neuropsychology are uncommon, but you can obtain a strong foundation by majoring in psychology, biology, or neuroscience. Taking neuroscience, neuroanatomy, and psychological research courses and completing an internship can prepare you for the graduate programs.

If you are looking for a more flexible alternative to a campus-based undergraduate program, you may pursue an online bachelor's degree in psychology or a related field.

Master's Degree in Neuropsychology

Most aspiring neuropsychologists go straight from their bachelor's degree to a doctoral program in neuropsychology. However, some students earn a master's in neuropsychology, clinical psychology, or a related field as a next step. It's important to take some time to consider the best neuropsychology program for you.

A master's can help you decide if neuropsychology is the right career for you. This degree can also help you boost your competitive edge when applying to selective doctoral programs.

You take courses in areas such as learning and cognition, memory and the brain, and neuroscience, along with required clinical hours, internships, and research experiences, which can help prepare you for the demands of rigorous doctoral study.

If you decide to pursue a graduate degree, but need to maintain work or personal commitments, you can find several neuropsychology masters programs online .

Doctorate in Neuropsychology

A neuropsychologist must hold a doctor of psychology (Psy.D.) or a doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.). The Psy.D. focuses on clinical training, while the Ph.D. emphasizes scientific research. As the demand for research and treatment applications expands, more options for doctoral study have become available, including online neuropsychology degrees.

During your doctoral studies, you will complete advanced coursework in neuroanatomy, biopsychology, neuropsychological assessment, and research methods. You will also have to complete an internship and a dissertation based on independent research.

In addition to clinical hours and internships completed during your neuropsychological degree, expect to spend 1-2 years in a postdoctoral fellowship to qualify for licensure and certification.

To qualify for a state license, you need to pass the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP). Neurologists often earn board certification through the American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology (ABCN) or the American Board of Professional Neuropsychology (ABPN).

Online Psychology Master's Programs

Figuring out where to apply? These top, accredited schools offer a variety of online degrees. Consider one of these accredited programs, and discover their value today.

What Does a Neuropsychologist Do?

Neuropsychologists work with people of all ages, from infancy to adulthood, assessing and treating a wide variety of disorders related to changes in cognitive functioning, such as traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, stroke, ADH, or Alzheimer's disease.

Neuropsychologists collaborate with other healthcare providers, including neurologists, neurosurgeons, and psychiatrists, to administer language assessments, personality tests, mental exams, and other diagnostic tools. Based on these evaluations, they prepare a detailed report for patients and their healthcare team to guide treatment decisions.

Some neuropsychologists mainly work as researchers with no direct patient interaction. Known as cognitive neuropsychologists, they typically work in academic and research institutions, conducting studies and developing new evaluation tools to advance the field. Whether clinical or cognitive-focused, all neuropsychologists must stay current in the field, attend conferences, participate in professional organizations, and maintain licensure and certification credentials.

What Else Can I Do With a Neuropsychology Degree?

A doctorate in psychology can expand professional career options beyond clinical practice into other areas, including teaching, research, and consulting. A doctorate is generally required for teaching positions at the postsecondary level.

Neuropsychologists may find research positions at universities, academic medical centers, or government agencies. They may also move into private practice or start their own consulting and research firms. Neuropsychologists with clinical experiences often advance into supervisory positions as directors or department heads in hospitals and clinics.

Voluntary certifications like those offered through theABCN and theABPN can advance career opportunities. Neuropsychologists who want to specialize in the care of children may pursue board certification in pediatric neuropsychology, available through the ABCN or the American Board of Pediatric Neuropsychology (AAPdN).

Frequently Asked Questions About Neuropsychology

What is the difference between a psychologist and a neuropsychologist.

Psychologists focus on human behavior and mental processes, including perception, cognition, emotion, and mental health. Neuropsychologists specialize in how the brain and the nervous system influence cognitive processes, emotions, and behavior.

Do neuropsychologists deal with mental disorders?

Neuropsychologists have the training to diagnose and treat behavioral and mental disorders associated with cognitive impairment, including conditions such as dementia, memory loss, and attention disorders.

Do neuropsychologists go to med school?

Licensed neuropsychologists have either a Ph.D. or Psy.D. degree. They do not hold medical degrees, may not use the MD designation, and cannot administer medications.

How much do neuropsychologists earn?

According to Payscale, neuropsychologists earn an average base salary of $105,240 as of March 2024. Several factors impact salaries, including work experience, specializations, and employment setting.

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Clinical Neuropsychology Degree and Career Guide

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The American Psychological Association (APA) defines neuropsychology as a branch of psychology “that studies the physiological processes of the nervous system and relates them to behavior and cognition.” 1 In other words, neuropsychologists study how biological processes in the brain and other parts of the nervous system are reflected in people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Clinical neuropsychology, which has been recognized as an APA specialty since 1996, involves the application of neuropsychological knowledge to clinical practice. 1 Individuals who practice clinical neuropsychology can also become Board-certified through the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP) to show that they have developed expertise in this area.

One of the most common services provided by clinical neuropsychologists is the assessment of cognitive and psychological functioning in the context of medical, neurological, or psychiatric disorders. For this, clinical neuropsychologists administer batteries of tests and interpret the results, make diagnoses, and provide feedback to patients and their families. Clinical neuropsychologists may also consult with other providers or provide direct intervention services to help patients improve their cognitive functioning, mood, or behaviors. Some clinical neuropsychologists conduct research to inform and improve clinical practice.

Clinical neuropsychologists work in a variety of settings, including hospitals and other medical settings, psychology clinics, and universities. To become a clinical neuropsychologist, you must earn a doctoral degree in psychology from a program that provides broad training in the professional practice of psychology as well as specialized coursework and practica (work-based experience) in neuropsychology. These programs offer either Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) or Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) degrees. Regardless of which doctoral degree type you choose, in order to earn a license to practice in most states, you will need to earn it degree from a program that is APA-accredited.

Table of Contents

Degree Requirements and Coursework

The Society for Clinical Neuropsychology (SCN) provides a database of doctoral programs that include training in clinical neuropsychology ; as of April 2019, all APA-accredited programs on this list offer degrees in clinical psychology. Most programs that include clinical neuropsychology training require a minimum undergraduate GPA of 3.0, but you will likely need a higher GPA to be offered admission. Some people opt to earn a stand-alone master’s degree before entering a doctoral program, but this is not required; most students in doctoral psychology programs earn a master’s degree after completing a thesis project about two years into the program. Because clinical neuropsychology is a highly-specialized area of psychology, there are typically no further specializations (concentrations, emphases, specialties) offered for clinical neuropsychology degrees.

Students usually take between four and seven years to complete doctoral programs in clinical psychology. This includes the required year-long internship that is generally completed during the final year of the program. Students complete coursework in psychological theory and the foundations of clinical practice, conduct research (including their own thesis and dissertation projects), and gain experience in clinical settings. In programs that include specialized training in clinical neuropsychology, students can also expect to complete coursework in neuroanatomy and biopsychology, become proficient in a variety of neuropsychological tests, and accumulate hands-on experience practicing clinical neuropsychology with patients. Below are examples of courses that may be required of students studying clinical neuropsychology:

• Biopsychology
• Clinical Practicum
• Cognitive Psychology
• Developmental Psychology
• Ethics in Psychology
• Introduction to Clinical Practice
• Neuroanatomy
• Neuropsychological Assessment
• Personality Assessment
• Predoctoral Internship
• Psychopathology
• Research Methods
• Theories of Psychotherapy

By the time they reach graduation, students can expect to have developed proficiency in the general practice of psychology as well as the more specialized assessment and intervention services provided by clinical neuropsychologists. They should also have developed skills that allow them to interpret research findings and incorporate them into clinical practice or pursue their own research studies in clinical neuropsychology.

Some aspiring clinical neuropsychologists will also need to complete a postdoctoral training program after earning a doctoral degree, as many states require a certain number of supervised postdoctoral hours to become licensed. Additionally, a two-year postdoctoral program is required for Board certification in clinical neuropsychology through ABPP. The SCN provides a helpful database of postdoctoral clinical neuropsychology programs for individuals seeking this training.

Best Value Schools with On-Campus Clinical Neuropsychology Programs

Below is a table of the best value schools offering doctoral programs that include training in clinical neuropsychology. All of the colleges and universities on the list have undergraduate net prices of $20,000 or lower, an undergraduate graduation rate of at least 50%, and are listed in the SCN database of doctoral programs as of April 2019. Higher graduation rates at the undergraduate level tend to be an indicator of a school’s success, and a low net price is important to prospective students as they consider the return on their investment. We’ve also included additional information you may be interested in, such as the applicable degree(s) offered at each school, the percentage of tenured faculty, and US News & World Report national and graduate clinical rankings.

Select Clinical Neuropsychology Programs

Traditional master’s programs, university of illinois.

The Master of Science in Psychological Science (MSPS) program at the University of Illinois is well-suited for aspiring clinical neuropsychologists. The program provides broad training in psychological science that can also be tailored to fit a student’s specific interests. The MSPS program offers a number of courses that are relevant to future study in clinical neuropsychology, including Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychopharmacology, Neuroscience of Eating and Drinking, and Cognitive Psychophysiology. Students also conduct research under faculty mentors, providing additional opportunities for training in neuropsychology that will be relevant to later doctoral-level work. The University of Illinois is well-known for its graduate training in psychology and has been ranked in US News & World Report’s Best Psychology Schools category.

University of Pittsburgh

The Neuroscience master’s degree program at the University of Pittsburgh is not technically a psychology program (it is offered through the Department of Neuroscience rather than the Department of Psychology), but it does provide excellent training for students planning to enter a doctoral program in clinical neuropsychology. Students in this program take multiple courses covering brain structures, functions, and processes, and are required to conduct research in a faculty member’s lab. Much of the research is conducted through the University of Pittsburgh’s Center for Neuroscience , where multiple faculty members conduct research on neuroscientific factors relevant to psychological disorders.

Georgia State University

Georgia State University (GSU) offers a Clinical-Neuropsychology (CLN) concentration that is provided through joint training from their Clinical Psychology PhD and Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience PhD programs. Faculty advisors for students in this concentration hold appointments in both programs, so students are able to conduct clinical research in the area of neuropsychology. Students pursuing GSU’s Clinical-Neuropsychology concentration are required to complete all of the core coursework for the Clinical Psychology program as well as multiple courses specific to neuropsychology. The track is designed to prepare graduates for psychology licensure and eventual ABPP certification after additional postdoctoral training. GSU’s Clinical Psychology PhD program has been APA-accredited since 1973 and students are involved in multiple national clinical neuropsychology organizations. The program has been ranked in the US News & World Report Doctoral Clinical Psychology Programs category.

Kent State University

At Kent State University, a PhD is offered in Clinical Neuropsychology that trains the next generation of clinical scientists through research projects and hands-on clinical experiences in a variety of settings. Clinical experiences include hospital work with neuropsychology evaluations and memory screenings at community centers, where students may encounter patients dealing with Alzheimer’s, stroke, ADHD, or head injuries. Research is focused on a variety of medical conditions including obesity and recent graduates have worked to understand and treat heart disease, sleep problems, Alzheimer’s disease, and other neurological conditions. Coursework is based on the guidelines for clinical neuropsychology set forth by the Houston Conference and APA Division 40 and includes courses such as Neuropsychological Assessment, Neuroanatomy, Psychopharmacology, Psychophysiological Psychology, Clinical Aspects of Health Psychology, and Psychobiological Aspects of Health.

University of Connecticut

The Clinical Psychology PhD program at the University of Connecticut has been APA-accredited since 1951 and has been ranked in US News & World Report’s Doctoral Clinical Psychology Programs category. Students in this program are able to complete an elective Neuropsychology concentration by taking additional courses and undergoing clinical training in neuroscience, neuroanatomy, neuropsychological testing, and other relevant topics. Some of the courses may be completed at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine, and there are also multiple opportunities for neuropsychological research and clinical placements in the community. The program aims to prepare students in the Neuropsychology concentration for internships and postdoctoral fellowships in clinical neuropsychology as well as future ABPP certification.

University of Utah

The Clinical Psychology PhD program at the University of Utah offers a Clinical Neuropsychology training program for students who are interested in specializing in this area. Students pursuing this concentration will take courses and seminars in neuropsychology, conduct relevant research, and participate in the program’s Neuropsychology Vertical Team meetings. They are also expected to complete multiple clinical neuropsychology practica placements, such as those offered through the department’s Cognitive Concerns Clinic . Students in the Clinical Neuropsychology program are required to pursue neuropsychology internships and postdoctoral fellowships. The Clinical Psychology PhD program at the University of Utah has been ranked in US News & World Report’s Doctoral Clinical Psychology Programs category and the program has been APA-accredited since 1954.

Clinical Neuropsychologist Career Information

How to become a clinical neuropsychologist.

To become a clinical neuropsychologist, you must have a doctoral-level degree in the field: a PsyD or a PhD in Psychology. All states require that applicants for licensure receive supervised postdoctoral training in their field, as well as pass the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP). The basic steps for becoming a neuropsychologist include:

• Earn a bachelor’s degree and (optionally) a master’s degree in psychology or a related field.
• Earn an accredited PsyD or PhD in Psychology with a specialization in neuropsychology.
• Complete the required supervised clinical experience in your state.
• Pass the required exam(s), including the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP).
• Apply for and receive a psychology license from your state psychology board.
• Begin practicing as a neuropsychologist.
• Complete the required continuing educational requirements in order to keep your license current.

Job Description

Many clinical neuropsychologists work in medical hospitals, psychology clinics, rehabilitation centers, private practices, and other similar settings. Patients who are referred to clinical neuropsychologists may present with a variety of medical and psychological concerns, such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, neurological disorders, academic difficulties, abnormal development, acute personality changes, or general memory problems. Clinical neuropsychologists will administer and interpret neuropsychological test batteries to make diagnoses and offer recommendations to these patients. They may also provide some psychotherapy services, such as those designed to help improve memory or compensate for cognitive difficulties.

Some clinical neuropsychologists dedicate part or all of their time to research, usually at universities or academic medical centers. These psychologists conduct studies that help psychologists better understand how to diagnose and treat neuropsychological disorders. These studies may involve administering neuropsychological test batteries or using brain imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans.

Because clinical neuropsychology is a specialized area within the broader field of psychology, there is relatively little variability in the job titles for these types of psychologists. However, there are ample employment opportunities for clinical neuropsychologists, as they are in demand in many different medical and psychological settings. Possible job titles for clinical neuropsychologists include:

• Clinical neuropsychologist
• Clinical child neuropsychologist
• Clinical psychologist
• Research psychologist

Salary and Job Outlook

Clinical neuropsychologists fall under the broader Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) category of counseling, clinical, and school psychologists. BLS data from May 2019 showed that the average annual salary for this category of psychologists was $87,450. 6 Of the 113,270 counseling, clinical, and school psychologists, those working in child daycare services earned the highest average salary ($120,130), followed by those working in home health care services ($105,440). 6

It is expected that there will be a continued need for counseling, clinical, and school psychologists. The number of positions for these professionals is expected to increase by 14.7% between 2018 and 2028, which is equivalent to approximately 1,460 new jobs each year during this time period. 7 In addition, despite the increasing use of technology across many fields, counseling, clinical, and school psychology positions are considered to be particularly stable; they are estimated to have less than a 1% chance of becoming computerized. 8

Additional Resources

• American Psychological Association (APA) : National organization for psychology students and professionals. Oversees accreditation for doctoral programs and offers a variety of resources including an annual conference.
• Society for Clinical Neuropsychology (SCN) : Division of APA with resources for clinical neuropsychologists and trainees, such as scholarships, job listings, listservs, and a database of training programs providing clinical neuropsychology training.
• American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP), Clinical Neuropsychology : Provides Board certification for practicing clinical neuropsychologists who have accrued a certain amount of work experience.

Frequently Asked Questions

Where do clinical neuropsychologists work.

Clinical neuropsychologists can work in almost any setting where patients are seen for psychological concerns, including outpatient and inpatient clinics as well as private practices. However, clinical neuropsychologists are particularly well-suited to work in medical settings such as neurology clinics or rehabilitation centers, as much of their work is focused on medical and biological issues that underlie cognitive and psychological problems. Clinical neuropsychologists may also work at universities if they conduct research.

What degree do I need to become a clinical neuropsychologist?

Clinical neuropsychologists must have earned a doctoral degree ( PhD or PsyD ) from a program that provides training in the professional practice of psychology as well as specialized training in neuropsychology. This degree should be earned from a program accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA), as this is required by most states for licensure as a psychologist.

How long does it take to become a clinical neuropsychologist?

A doctoral program that meets the criteria for training in clinical neuropsychology generally takes between four and seven years to complete. After this, you will likely need to complete a two-year postdoctoral fellowship in neuropsychology to be eligible for clinical neuropsychology positions. If you choose to earn a stand-alone master’s degree before entering a doctoral program, this will usually take an additional two years; however, this is an optional step. Therefore, the entire process of becoming a clinical neuropsychologist can take around 10 years.

Can I practice clinical neuropsychology with a master’s degree?

To practice as a clinical neuropsychologist, you must hold a doctoral degree from a program that offers training in clinical neuropsychology. Most states require that you earn this degree from an APA-accredited program to become licensed. Earning a stand-alone master’s degree in neuropsychology will not allow you to practice as a clinical neuropsychologist, but may be a good step for those seeking additional experience prior to doctoral programs.

Can I get a degree in clinical neuropsychology online?

Because the doctoral programs providing clinical neuropsychology training require you to complete multiple years of clinical experience as well as research projects, there are not currently any online programs that will fulfill the requirements necessary for a career as a clinical neuropsychologist.

Can I get a stand-alone master’s degree in clinical neuropsychology?

If you are interested in earning a stand-alone master’s degree prior to a doctoral degree in clinical neuropsychology, programs that provide foundational training in neuroscience will be particularly relevant. Some schools offer master’s programs in general psychology that include courses in neuroscience, while others offer specialized training in neuropsychology and related fields.

References: 1. APA Dictionary of Psychology, Neuropsychology: https://www.apa.org/ed/graduate/specialize/neuropsychology 2. National Center for Education Statistics College Navigator: https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/ 3. US News & World Report National University Rankings: https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities 4. US News & World Report Clinical Psychology Doctoral Program Rankings: https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-health-schools/clinical-psychology-rankings 5. College Factual: https://www.collegefactual.com/ 6. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2019 Occupational Employment and Wages, Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists: https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes193033.htm 7. Projections Central, Long Term Occupational Projections: https://projectionscentral.org/Projections/LongTerm 8. Frey, Carl Benedikt, and Michael A. Osborne. “The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation?” Technological Forecasting and Social Change , vol. 114, January 2017, pp. 254-280: https://oms-www.files.svdcdn.com/production/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf

Graduate School

Neuropsychology (ph.d.) program details, degree requirements.

    ❱   Required coursework     ❱   Qualifying or comprehensive examination     ❱   Graduate School writing proficiency requirement     ❱   Graduate School Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) requirement     ❱   Dissertation       ❱   Final oral examination/Dissertation defense 

Breadth and Minor Areas 

   ❱  Developmental Psychology    ❱  Social Psychology    ❱  Personality Psychology

Research Areas & Interests 

Faculty research interests.

A sampling of research interests

• Relationship between neighborhood factors and neuropsychological functioning among adolescents living with perinatal HIV
• Psychoneuroimmunological correlates of health and disease
• Obesity-related in fl ammation and the brain’s functional integrity
• Health and well-being as a function of biological, psychological, social, and spiritual factors
• Effects of cardiovascular disease risk factors on the neurocognitive aging process in African American
• Psychoneuroimmunological factors that help explain CVD risk in African Americans
• Effects of obesity on neurocognitive functioning in African-American bariatric patients

Faculty Areas of Specialty

Alfonso Campbell, Jr., is primarily interested in the psychoneuroimmunological correlates of health and disease. Currently, his work focuses on the relationship between inflammation and the brain’s functional integrity. He is also developing a model of health and well-being that takes into account biological, psychological, social, and spiritual factors.

Denée T. Mwendwa examines the effects of cardiovascular disease risk factors on the neurocognitive aging process in African Americans. She is also interested in the psychoneuroimmunological factors that help explain CVD risk in African Americans. Her current research project focuses on the effects of obesity on neurocognitive functioning in African-American bariatric patients.

Ezer Kang examines the relationship between neighborhood factors and neuropsychological functioning among adolescents living with perinatal HIV (PHIV). His PHIV research in Thailand focuses on the impact of neuropsychological delays on daily functioning and health-related quality of life.

Program of Study* 

Core courses.

PSYC 203 First Year Research I

PSYC 219 First Year Research II

PSYC 207 Statistics I

PSYC 208 Statistics II

PSYC 206 History & Systems

PSYC 205 Research Methods

PSYC 233 Neuropsychology

PSYC 271 Psychopharmacology

PSYC 259 Health Neuropsychology

PSYC 288  Adult Neuropsychological Assessment

BREADTH & MINOR COURSES (18 CR)

Select three breadth courses (9 credits).  One breadth area course should be taken in each of the other Psych tracks.

Select three minor area courses (9 credits). One minor area course should be taken in each of the other Psych tracks.

RESEARCH SEMINARS

PSYC 244 Seminar in Neuropsychology

PSYC 245 Seminar in Brain and Behavior

DISSERTATION

*Courses included in the sample program of study are subject to change. Students should consult with their programs regarding their required program of study. 

Admission to Candidacy 

Students are admitted to formal candidacy by the Graduate School when they have completed the required coursework, passed the qualifying or comprehensive examination, submitted an approved topic for research, and been recommended by the Department. Candidates must also have satisfied the Graduate School writing proficiency requirement and Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) requirement.

Graduate Funding 

Admitted students may be eligible to compete for  Graduate School competitive awards ,  which provide tuition remission and a stipend during the academic year. Additionally, graduate research or teaching assistantships may be available at the department level. Research assistants and teaching assistants work no more than 20 hours a week under the program's direction, usually in support of faculty research (research assistants) or in support of assigned courses (teaching assistants). Please see the  Funding website  for more detailed information.  

Neuropsychology

The neuropsychology division.

Clinical neuropsychology is the oldest subspecialty within the UF Department of Clinical and Health Psychology. Established in 1964 it is one of the oldest academic neuropsychology training programs in the United States.

The Neuropsychology area is among an elite group of academic programs that provide articulated research and clinical training in neuropsychology at the predoctoral, internship, and post-doctoral levels. We seek to understand the complexities of the human brain so that this knowledge can be applied to the diagnosis and treatment of neurocognitive and emotional disorders that affect the citizens of our world. We value both basic research and the application of basic research to real-world problems.

The Neuropsychology Division is part of the Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, one of six academic departments within the College of Public Health and Health Professions at the University of Florida. Our Division consists of 9 academic faculty, including 7 clinical neuropsychologists, supported by 2 experts in cognitive aging and cognitive neuroscience. Our faculty are participant scientists of the McKnight Brain Institute, the 1Florida Alzheimers Disease Research Center, the Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, the Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, the Center for Neuropsychological Studies, the Institute on Aging, and the VA RR&D Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center.

NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LABORATORIES