who should write a letter of recommendation for phd

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Letter of Recommendation (LOR) for PhD Students (with Sample) - Need, Parts, Qualities

Letter of Recommendation for PhD Students: For PhD students, a letter of recommendation is a crucial component of the application documents. While other admissions materials, like transcripts and test results, are factual, a letter of recommendation for PhD students integrates the plans and facts of a CV and statement of purpose. A résumé is a summary of your accomplishments, transcripts are evidence of your achievements, and an SOP describes the significance of the course and your readiness for it. A reference letter for a PhD is an unbiased opinion on everything mentioned above. TOP EXAMS : IELTS | TOEFL | GRE | GMAT Country Guide : UK | Ireland | Australia | Canada

What is the need for a letter of recommendation for PhD students

Types of lors for phd, select the right person to write recommendation letter for phd, letter of recommendation for phd students: qualities to focus on, parts of a lor for phd students, elements of letter of recommendation for phd students.

Letter of Recommendation (LOR) for PhD Students (with Sample) - Need, Parts, Qualities

A PhD application usually requires at least two letters of recommendation for students from their professors. This allows the admission committee to know the applicants as people with skills that would otherwise be difficult to know from their resumes, transcripts and SOP. A letter of recommendation for PhD students should mention at least three qualities of the applicant – a social quality and at least two technical or subject-related qualities.

Moreover, as a PhD is an advanced specialised programme, the subject-related quality should be focused on projects carried out and specialised courses that will aid his/her PhD research. Read the complete article to know all the details about PhD letter of recommendation, PhD reference letter samples, and more.

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A recommendation letter for PhD student from professors holds much more importance than those applying for undergraduate or master's courses. Grades and GRE scores play a big role in receiving admission from a university. The LOR for PhD admission is usually the deciding factor when choosing between candidates with similar credentials. Go through the key points to be included in the reference letter for PhD students from the professor to gain an understanding of what it is before you ask your professor to write a PhD reference letter for you.

A PhD candidate must provide two letters of recommendation (LORs). Nevertheless, to ensure caution, it is recommended that the candidate should prepare a minimum of three LORs. Various universities may have different requirements for LORs from recommenders.

Academic Letter of Recommendation (LOR) for PhD

Usually, universities require applicants to submit two or three Letters of Recommendation (LORs) for PhD from their previous educational institution. For undergraduate programs, these LORs can be obtained from teachers at your high school, while for masters or PhD, professors from your university can provide them.

Professional Letter of Recommendation (LOR) for PhD

A Professional Letter of Recommendation (LOR) for PhD from a Supervisor differs from an Academic LOR by emphasizing certain content related to the applicant's teamwork skills, industry knowledge, and leadership qualities.

Before asking someone for a recommendation letter for PhD application, you should know whom to ask. PhD is purely an academic degree and therefore you need to have a recommendation letter for PhD from those who can vouch for your academic inclination and strengths. PhD recommendation letter should be written by academicians with whom you have worked or someone who has supervised or taught you. If you are aspiring for a PhD programme or want a lor for PhD post-doctoral research, you should ideally ask your master's project guide or PhD guide to be one of the referees for your letter of recommendation for PhD students.

Your faculty must go through a sample recommendation letter for a PhD from a professor before sitting down to write one recommendation letter PhD for you. Other letters of recommendation for PhD students from teachers and professionals can be taken from persons who are from the same field or specialization in which you intend to do your PhD. You can also take your recommendation letter for doctoral programs from your supervisor who has an understanding of your academic capabilities.

Friends and relatives are not supposed to write your LOR for PhD admission for a number of reasons; first, they do not have first-hand information about your academic capabilities. Second, as they have not professionally or academically worked with you, they would not be able to present relevant information in the PhD letter of recommendation about you. Also, the recommender might not have in-depth knowledge of the discipline you intend to do a PhD. Last but not least, relatives cannot be objective about your qualities. That's why it is not a great idea to take your student recommendation letter from them. So a letter of recommendation for PhD students from teachers, professors, supervisors, coaches, etc., is only applicable.

The person who is writing a letter of recommendation for PhD students would be a professional who has known the applicant academically for no less than one year. The recommender should not only know you as one of the students in the department, but they should also know you as a person, your capabilities as a student, as well as your control over the subject they have been teaching. They should also be aware of your plans.

Recommendation letters for Ph.D. students from supervisors, and professors are very subject-specific. Referees should speak of strong subject knowledge as well as analysis traits. A Letter of recommendation for student should show the student as possessing positive qualities like intelligence, self-motivation, responsibility, and amiableness. Emphasis should be given to passion and dedication as well.

Advanced study like a Ph.D. is often a challenging and demanding program. Therefore, the LOR for PhD admission should also display perseverance, competitiveness and the ability to work independently. Courses and knowledge related to PhD programme-related packages, extra courses, and statistical analysis techniques should be exemplified in the letter of recommendation for the PhD program.

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A student recommendation letter for a PhD will typically be between one to two pages. The document of recommendation letter for PhD student should be well differentiated into 5–6 paragraphs. The LOR for PhD should begin with an introductory paragraph about the recommender and his/her association with the applicant. You must read a PDF of the PhD recommendation letter sample before you ask your recommenders to give you one.

The next 3 to 4 paragraphs in the letter of recommendation for PhD program should outline the different academic and social qualities of the applicant with suitable substantiation. No quality should be mentioned without a suitable example. Finally, the concluding paragraph will sum up the above with a line recommending the applicant for the programme.

Also Read, Best Country to Study Abroad for Indian Students

Below is a LOR for PhD sample from a professor. Candidates can consider it as a letter of recommendation format for PhD and refer to it while writing their LOR for PhD.

Reference letter sample for PhD student

Like there is a letter of recommendation for PhD students from professors, you can also read about PhD reference letter sample pdf, sample LOR for graduate school from coworker pdf, letter of recommendation for PhD in computer science, sample recommendation letter for employee, etc which will give you a fair idea what a recommendation letter is all about.

A recommendation letter for PhD students from a professor or supervisor gives a human touch to the applicant’s profile. A reference letter for PhD student from a professor is the only document that can present the applicant’s social side to the admission committee. Therefore, choose a referee who can not only substantiate your academic strengths but also cite appropriate examples of your social qualities in your recommendation letter for PhD students.

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

It is crucial that the person writing your recommendation letter is someone who is familiar with your academic abilities. The most frequent writers of letters of recommendation are academics; professors or supervisors, but, other experts who are familiar with you and have overseen your academic or research work may also be suitable candidates.

The reference letter should be 1-2 pages long with 5-6 paragraphs.

PhD suggestions are highly specialised. Referees should emphasise both analytical skills and in-depth topic understanding. Letters of recommendation for students should highlight their intelligence, initiative, responsibility, and interpersonal skills.

Yes, PhD, postdoc, and scholarship applications typically require two to three letters of recommendation. These letters should come from professors who know your work and can detail your possibilities.

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Recommendation letters are a non-negotiable part of every graduate school application. Nearly all applications to graduate school require at least 3 letters of recommendation from individuals who can discuss your competencies in a coherent way and recommend that you be admitted to graduate school. Many students find that it is not difficult to select one or two people to approach for letters of recommendation. Others aren't sure of who to approach.

Who Is the Best Choice?

Who can write the best letter? Remember the main criterion of the letter of recommendation : It must provide a comprehensive and positive evaluation of your abilities and aptitude. It should not be surprising that letters from professors are highly valued by admissions committees. However, the best letters are written by faculty who know you, from whom you have taken multiple classes and/or have completed substantial projects and/or have received very positive evaluations. Professors provide insight into your academic competencies and aptitude as well as personality characteristics that may contribute to your potential to succeed in graduate schools, such as motivation, conscientiousness, and timeliness.

Should You Ask Your Employer for a Letter?

Not always, but some students include a letter from an employer . Letters from employers are useful if you are working in a field that is related to that which you intend to study. However, even a letter from an employer in an unrelated field can be useful to your application if he or she discusses skills and competencies that will contribute to your success in graduate school, such as the ability to read and integrate information in order to draw conclusions, lead others, or carry out complex tasks in a timely and competent fashion. Essentially it's all about spin—spinning the material so that it matches what committees are looking for .

What Makes for an Effective Recommendation Letter?

An effective recommendation letter is written by someone who meets some of the following criteria:

Is aware of your field of interest and the schools you are applying to.
Is able to evaluate your performance in your field of interest.
Is able to discuss your personal characteristics
Is able to discuss your capacity to work with others
Can discuss your leadership skills
Can evaluate your level of professionalism (e.g., punctuality, efficiency, assertiveness)
Can discuss your academic skills—not simply experience, but your potential to succeed in graduate-level study
Evaluates you positively relative to others
Has some recognition and whose judgment is highly valued within the field.
Has the skills to write a helpful letter.

Many students become nervous when they see this list. Remember that no one person will meet all of these criteria, so don't fret or feel bad. Instead, consider all of the people who you might approach and attempt to compose a balanced panel of reviewers. Seek individuals who will collectively fulfill as many of the above criteria as possible.

Avoid This Mistake

The biggest mistake most students make in the recommendation letter-phase of the graduate school application is to fail to plan ahead and establish relationships that lead to good letters. Or to not consider what each professor brings to the table and to instead settle for whoever is available. This is not the time to settle, choose the easiest path, or be impulsive. Take the time and make the effort to consider all of the possibilities—each professor you have had and all persons you have come into contact with (e.g., employers, internship supervisors, supervisors from settings in which you have volunteered). Don't rule anyone out at first, just make a long list. After you have created an exhausted list, rule out those who you know will not give you a positive recommendation . The next step is to determine how many criteria those remaining on your list might fulfill—even if you have not had recent contact with them. Continue evaluating each person to choose potential referees.

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CAREER COLUMN
20 July 2020

Writing the perfect recommendation letter

Andy Tay is a freelance writer based in Singapore.

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Undergraduates need them for graduate-school applications; PhD students and postdocs use them to apply for fellowships and jobs; senior scientists often have to have them to apply for awards and promotions. But writing an effective and personal recommendation letter can be time-consuming, especially for academics who must juggle grant applications, manuscripts, teaching and student supervision. And some might struggle to say the right things to support a former employee or student in their career move, while sounding original and unique.

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Nature 584 , 158 (2020)

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02186-8

These interviews have been edited for length and clarity.

who should write a letter of recommendation for phd

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Requesting Recommendation Letters

As you progressed through the decision-making process in the earlier parts above, you should have had several significant conversations with faculty. These conversations will help you immensely as you seek several faculty to write recommendation letters on your behalf. That conversation will also help the faculty write meaningfully about your strengths. It’s best to avoid situations where faculty will only be able to write superficial letters where they will simply report your letter grade from a course.

1. CHOOSE YOUR RECOMMENDERS THOUGHTFULLY

As you ask for a reference letter, specifically ask if the recommender will write a strong letter on your behalf. Although it will likely be an awkward question to ask directly, it’s much better to find out in advance if they would submit a lukewarm letter. It is not uncommon for admissions committees to receive negative or lukewarm reference letters, which will significantly hurt your chances for getting admitted. Moreover, if the potential letter writer indicates some hesitation to write a strong letter and mentions any concerns, this will help prepare you to either thank them and move on to another potential recommender, OR address the concerns in your personal statements and/or interviews.

The letters of recommendation should support your claim that you have considered graduate school seriously. The letters must identify your strengths that will exemplify how you will become a successful graduate student. Letters that simply confirm grades received in courses are of little value to an admissions committee, since they will have your transcripts. Your letters of support should add new dimensions rather than be redundant.

2. WHO SHOULD WRITE YOUR LETTERS?

Ideally, you should select research mentors and faculty who can speak to your abilities to be a successful graduate student. Some ideal options are:

Faculty research mentors (most important reference)
Employer or supervisor during an internship or job in a field related to your discipline (it’s much better if the employer has a graduate degree)
Postdoctoral research mentor (if they worked closely with you in your research)
Faculty instructor (who can comment on more than simply your grade)
Academic advisor

Letters from these individuals are not recommended for your graduate application:

Family or friends
Religious advisors
Graduate students who have not completed their graduate degree
Employer or supervisor in an unrelated field or discipline
Faculty member in an unrelated academic discipline who can only report your final grade

Imposter syndrome and frequent rejections in academia (from conferences, publications, etc.) pose a challenge, but learning that these are very common and coming up with strategies helped me navigate my journey. One change that made a difference was shifting my mindset from ‘I don’t have what it takes; I’m a fraud; I’m only here as a diversity candidate’ to ‘I don’t know everything yet, but that’s okay because I can learn; faculty see promise in me and I can continue to grow; my diverse experiences and perspectives gives me a whole new creative angle.’

Graduate school is full of challenges, but the amount of intellectual and mental freedom we are given—nobody tells us what to think about!—is incredible and something not to be taken for granted.

— Hannah Kim, PhD candidate in Philosophy

Identify 5 or more faculty members whom you might ask to write a recommendation letter for you. Many programs require 3 references, but you’ll probably need to identify more references and use them for different programs and universities depending on the faculty members’ experiences and backgrounds. Admissions committees also value receiving reference letters from faculty who are very familiar with their university or graduate program, from having attended that university’s graduate program or from having been a faculty member at that institution.

For each request for a recommendation letter, make it as easy as possible for the faculty to complete your request. If you make it difficult or leave out essential details, you may annoy them and cause them to be less than excited to write a strong letter on your behalf. Remember that you may be asking them to submit multiple letters for different programs, so this will consume significant time and energy from them. For each request:

Provide the name of the university and type of program to which you’re applying, along with clear instructions on how to submit the letter, deadline (remember to give them extra time if this is your first request to them), and if you’ll be asking for additional letters in the near future. You may want to check their calendar if they’ll be unavailable for a significant time period before the deadlines, which often occur around the end of the fall term, which is a busy time for most faculty.
Provide a short summary of strengths and research experiences, along with your CV and personal statement, to refresh their memory of your background, strengths, and motivations for that particular program.
Provide an email reminder about 10 days before it’s due. If you haven’t heard from them, consider one more gentle reminder a few days before the deadline.
Provide an update to your letter writers after you receive invitations to interview or admissions offers, and when you make your final decision.

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June 19, 2020

4 Tips for Securing Effective Recommendation Letters for PhD Admissions at Top Programs

Letters of recommendation are one the most important components of your doctoral program application. In fact, they can often make or break your candidature; for example, an outstanding letter of recommendation can make up for a low GRE score, while a lukewarm letter that reads as a template can raise flags despite good grades and a well-crafted statement of purpose.

Why do these letters carry so much weight?

While PhD admissions committees are interested in your research and academic achievements, they are also looking for new students who will fit in with and contribute to their department culture, be able to do the work, and secure a research job after graduation. What better proof of your worthiness than a written testimonial from professor to professor, on your ability to navigate the rigors of doctoral studies and to secure a research job after graduation?

Yet, despite their importance in the PhD admission process, applicants often treat letters of recommendation as an afterthought. This might be because they are the component of the application over which applicants have the least amount of control. Asking for letters of recommendation can seem like a gamble, and many students feel helpless asking for a letter they’ll never get a chance to read.

However, if you are considering pursuing a PhD , you have more power over the content of your letters of recommendation than you think. You can take several steps to make sure that you have the greatest chance of getting letters that go deep into your abilities.

Taking control over your PhD letters of recommendation

Here are four ways to make sure that you get the best letters of recommendations for your PhD application:

Start early Starting to think about your letters of recommendations a month before the application deadline won’t cut it. The process of collecting quality letters of recommendation takes time and requires a fair amount of networking. You should start as soon as you start considering graduate school.
Select wisely Getting the best letters of recommendations starts with identifying the recommender who is right for you . First, you should consider the rank of your potential recommender. You should seek to obtain a letter from a full or associate professor with a lot of experience in the classroom or from a renowned expert in their field, as it often carries more weight than a letter from an adjunct professor with limited research experience. You should then select the ones who teach challenging courses in your field of interest and in which you did well.
Build rapport Having achieved good grades in a course does not guarantee a great letter of recommendation, especially if a lot of students in the course might have gotten the same grade. What you want is the professor to know you personally . How do you achieve that? By building rapport with the professor. Take advantage of their office hours and start sharing your intention to go to graduate school. Ask them for their opinion. Your interest in pursuing a PhD can be the common ground for you to start building a relationship. It is also a great way for you to gauge the personality of the professor and their enthusiasm about your plans as well as to evaluate if you can rely on the professor for a letter. Finally, keep in touch with your professor, especially if you are months away from the application deadline. Keep them informed of your progress. This is a great way to guarantee that your professor will talk about you in more personal terms in the future.
Make it easy Professors manage a lot of students and have a lot of letters of recommendations to write, especially close to application deadlines for graduate schools. To make them well disposed to writing you an outstanding letter, you need to make the process as easy as possible for them. In addition to providing them with a lot of time to write a letter for you, make sure to schedule a series of gentle reminders to keep them in the loop about your progress and the deadlines. You should also make sure to provide them with all the information they need to write the best letter possible. In addition to the list of programs and schools you are applying to, you should provide them with papers you wrote for their class, transcripts, and a copy of your CV . You should also make it clear that you are available to provide any additional information that they require or to meet with them to discuss your plans. Finally, don’t forget to thank your professor for agreeing to do this for you throughout the process and also send them a thank you note once the letters have been sent!

Letters of rec: A critical element of your application

As you can see, letters of recommendations are more than a mere formality; they play a crucial role in your application to PhD programs. They not only carry great weight in your acceptance but also require strategy and time. Instead of seeing collecting letters as a chore, consider them as an opportunity to start honing the networking skills that are of the utmost importance to your success. Contrary to the popular image of the ivory tower, the world of research is not all about isolation. It is also a social game. The sooner you realize this, the greater success you will have as a professor and researcher!

You need to choose your PhD letter of recommendation writers wisely, and then you need to present them with the right materials to assist them in constructing strong letters that will represent your greatest strengths. We can help you with this, and with any other element of your PhD application. Check out our catalog of Graduate School Admissions Services and let us know how we can help you achieve PhD admissions success!

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Related Resources:

Choosing the Best PhD Programs , a free guide
Deciding Who Should Write Your Letters of Recommendation
Lining Up Letters of Recommendation and Searching for Fellowships

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Graduate School Letter of Recommendation Examples 2022-2023

Grad school recommendation letters are an essential part of every graduate school application package–even in this (almost) post-COVID era of remote work and Zoom classes. Nearly all applications to graduate school still require at least two recommendation letters from individuals who can discuss your abilities, competencies, and personal character in a coherent way and recommend you for admission to graduate school.

Many referees have difficulty writing these recommendations themselves (for language issues or simply because they are busy) and some rely on the applicant to pen the draft of the letter and receive confirmation before submitting it to the graduate school. But regardless of who is writing the letter, there are a few key elements the recommender needs to include to craft a stellar recommendation for their graduate candidate.

Who should write a recommendation letter for graduate school?

Choosing which professors, supervisors, or advisors to request a graduate school recommendation letter from can be somewhat overwhelming. Should you choose someone who does not know you personally but who has connections to your target graduate school? If a famous professor writes you a grad school recommendation letter, will this automatically give you an advantage with the admissions committee?

In general, graduate recommendation letters should come from people who know you well, who respect you enough to say glowing things about you as a student and researcher, and who hold positions in school or work that are above your own. At least one letter of recommendation should be submitted from a past or current professor or academic advisor.

Another could be from someone in a slightly different role, including an employer, a research adviser, a senior colleague, or a professor from a different department or kind of class (e.g., a discussion class professor instead of a lecturer). No matter who it is, the recommender should know the applicant and recognize their accomplishments. It also helps if the recommender understands some details about the program to which their candidate is applying.

Here are some guidelines to follow when choosing who to ask for letters of recommendation for graduate school. Select someone who:

Knows you well and can answer positively. Choose an individual who you have spent time with outside the classroom if possible. They should also be familiar with your career goals and hold a favorable view of you.
Has known you for quite a while. A recommendation letter for graduate school carries more influence if the person has known you for months or years instead of months. If you can, find someone who knows you from various contexts, such as a professor who is also your advisor.
Can speak to your strengths in relation to your graduate program. Choosing a finance professor to write your recommendation letter for an MBA program would be a good idea because they can write about the qualities that will aid you in pursuing an MBA (qualities you can also include in your MBA essay ) and a broader career in business.
Has substantive stories to share about you. Who was fortunate enough to see you succeed in an academic, extracurricular, or professional setting? Having someone write your LOR who has good stories to share about you is certainly going to benefit you more than someone whose class you took with two hundred other students.

How to Request a Letter of Recommendation for Graduate School

Knowing how to request a letter of recommendation for graduate school can directly impact the quality of the letter your referee writes for you. Show respect and consideration for the time that your recommender is taking to write a glowing review that will get you into graduate school and positively impact the rest of your life.

With this in mind, it may seem obvious that the very best way to ask for a letter of recommendation for graduate school is to do so in person. While this isn’t possible for all students (due to availability or schedule), it is the best route if you want to ensure that your LOR is not only written on time, but includes all the positive information about you that admissions committees want to see in a graduate candidate. When you cannot ask in person, sending an email is an appropriate second-best option. But remember to always be cordial and polite when making this request.

What information should be included in a graduate recommendation letter?

Your referral letter should cover a range of skills, from academic abilities to research experiences, to applied experiences in and out of class. As the recommender, your letter should clearly answer some specific questions:

Your letter of recommendation should cover a range of skills, from academic abilities to research experiences, to applied experiences in and out of class. As the recommender, your letter should clearly answer some specific questions:

What is your relationship with the student?
Why should the graduate faculty listen to your opinion? (include your status, title)
What makes this student special? (discuss their characteristics, qualities, traits)
What specifically did this student do to impress you? (discuss their accomplishments, habits in class)
What makes this student qualified for graduate school and for this program? (include specific courses or interests of the student in addition to abilities and traits)
What do you know about the program the student is applying to?

What information does the LOR recommender need from me?

The recommender should be given sufficient time to write (and/or confirm) the letter. If it has been a while since you were last in contact, sending a background information file will make things easier. Include the following information so that the recommender can use a few details to bolster their letter:

Classes the student has taken with the recommender
Experiences you have shared
Transcripts
Research experience and internships
Awards and achievements
Academic/career goals
Relevant professional experience

In addition to background information, make sure that the recommender has the necessary information to plan the writing in a timely manner and target the letter as much as possible:

Graduate program application due date
Copy of recommendation forms (if applicable)
Instructions for submitting LORs (hard copy, soft copy, or direct to school)
Details about the program and school the student is applying to

What style of writing should be used in a recommendation letter?

Although the letter of recommendation is more informal than academic writing, you should make sure that your language has no grammatical or mechanics errors and that it is of an academic level that reflects the author’s educational level and qualifications. Apply the following standards to the writing and the essay-drafting process:

Make your language more personal in tone than research writing.
Use the active voice and first-person point of view more often.
Write chronologically, starting from important traits and then moving on to actions and achievements.
Use lots of details—list course names, scores, and specific achievements of the student.
Edit your letter before submitting it to the graduate admissions faculty.

How to Write a Grad School Letter of Recommendation Letter: LOR Outline

A well-structured recommendation letter (like any organized essay) will guide the reader logically towards an understanding of why this student is worthy not only of praise but of admission to graduate school. Grad school requires quite a few high-level scholastic attributes that not all students possess, and therefore it is important to focus on both the achievements of the candidate and on their personal character and potential to thrive in a difficult academic environment.

Use this outline as a letter of recommendation template in which to input your candidate’s achievements, skills, and traits. Note that the flow of information moves the reader into greater detail, using form phrases and transitions that increase the readability of the letter.

1. Greeting to the recipient

Dear {Name}, or To Whom It May Concern, To the graduate faculty of the {University / Department}

2. Opening paragraph: position; relationship to the applicant; general assessment of the applicant

It is my absolute pleasure to recommend {Name} for admissions to {Program} at {University}… I am a professor of {area of study} in the department of {department} at {University}.

recommendation letter for grad school example 1

3. Second paragraph: positive skill or trait; evidence of trait or skill; anecdotes demonstrating this skill

Jane has excellent communication skills. Her written work is both clear and concise, as well as interesting to read…

recommendation letter for grad school example 2

4. Third (up to fifth) paragraph: Other skills or traits; evidence of character and skills; detailed anecdotes

At a personal level, Jane is a well-disciplined, industrious student with a pleasant personality. She went well beyond the course expectations…

recommendation letter for grad school example 3

5. Final Paragraph: clear recommendation of the candidate to the specific school or program.

Jane is unquestionably an exceptional candidate for graduate study in {Program Applying for}. Jane’s work in “Developments in Anthropology” suggests that she would greatly benefit from the opportunities for intellectual development provided by a sustained period of graduate study…

recommendation letter for grad school example 5

6. Closing line: polite offer to be contacted if needed

If I can be of any further assistance, or provide you with any further information, please do not hesitate to contact me.

recommendation letter for grad school example 6

Letter of Recommendation Template and Useful Phrases

Admission essays often contain template phrases or “form phrases” that allow the writer to plug in their specific information while not spending too much time deciding how to compose every single aspect of the writing. This can be especially useful for ESL authors because conventional expressions used in academic and essay writing can be difficult to learn and memorize. Use the following form phrases to help craft a more professional letter of recommendation.

Introducing yourself

My name is {Author} and I have been a Professor of Math at {University} since {date} .
I write to you today to proudly express my support for {Student} in applying to your prestigious university.

Discussing your relationship with the applicant

I first came to know {Student} while teaching him/her in my {Course Name} course…
I was {Student} ’s thesis advisor during his/her senior year.
I have known {Student} for several years now and can attest to his/her strengths and quality of character.

Discussing the student’s general positive traits

{Student} has excellent communication skills and displays them regularly in class discussions.
He/She is a highly intelligent and competent student who excels in many areas.
Not only is {Student} hard-working and thoughtful, but he/she also demonstrates kindness and generosity towards his/her peers.

Demonstrating evidence of student’s character and skills

She/he has shown herself/himself to be a true leader who is able to successfully develop plans and implement them in his/her work.
{Student} demonstrated his/her independence daily, completing difficult lab exercises by researching outside of class.
During his/her internship, {Student} consistently managed his/her work responsibilities diligently and learned quickly. For example…

Discussing the school/program the student is applying to

As {University} is renowned for its {Program} , I believe this is an ideal place for {Student} to solidify his/her abilities and cement his/her knowledge of {area of study} .
The learning environment that {University} is famous for creating excellent opportunities in which {Student} to apply his/her skills.

Final endorsement and offer to be contacted

For the above reasons, I am confident that {Student} will make an excellent addition to your graduate program, and I wholeheartedly support him/her for admission to your program.
Thank you for your time and attention in reading my endorsement.

Further Tips for Writing Admissions Essays

Highlight your self-motivation, competence, and potential in this essay
Emphasize everything from a positive perspective and write in the active voice.
Demonstrate through examples; don’t just write that you are a “persistent person”—show it!
Approach every topic with continuity and focus.

The Final Step: Editing Your Recommendation Letter

As any good writer knows, it takes more than one draft to create a strong and compelling work of writing. After you have written your recommendation letter draft, there is still a lot of room for revision. One way to ensure that grammar mistakes and style errors do not get in the way of a strong letter is to let the admissions experts at Wordvice’s Admissions Editing Services edit and proofread your (of your candidate’s) letter of recommendation or other application essays, raising the chances that your candidate will be admitted to the program of their choice.

With a full suite of professional proofreading services , we edit thousands of admission documents each year for all kinds of authors of academic and admissions documents just like you. Furthermore, our application essay editing services , recommendation letter editing services , personal statement editing services , CV editing services , cover letter editing services , and SOP editing services are tailored to the needs of your specific admissions essay.

For more articles on writing and editing your essays and academic work, visit Wordvice’s Academic Resource page .

The Art of Graduate Studies Recommendation Letters: A Comprehensive Guide for Success for Graduate School

One of the most important aspects of getting into grad school is submitting well-crafted letters of recommendation.

These letters, written by professors or other professionals who have worked with you closely, serve as a testament to your:

academic abilities,
personal qualities,
and potential for success in advanced studies.

The graduate admissions committee puts significant value on recommendation letters, as they can provide insight into your work ethic, communication skills, and overall fit for the program.

A lot of the time in academia it is who you know rather than what you know!

Crafting an exceptional graduate school letter of recommendation can be a challenging task, both for applicants seeking recommendations and for the recommenders themselves.

Some courses ask for up to three letters of recommendation so you’ll have to approach your favourite professors and ask for letters of recommendation a long time before the submission deadline.

However, with attention to detail and some tips and tricks, it’s possible to create compelling and effective letters that will help you stand out in the competitive world of graduate school admissions.

Who should write a recommendation letter for graduate school?

A recommendation letter for graduate school is a document that outlines a student’s academic and personal accomplishments and is written by someone who knows the student well.

Think of a professor who you have a good relationship with or a lecturer that has noticed your extra effort and capability.

The recommender could be:

a former or current teacher,
or supervisor.

It’s essential to choose a person who can write a recommendation that highlights your abilities and accomplishments.

Therefore, when choosing which professors to ask, try to select someone who has had a significant impact on your academic development or involved in research, clubs, or other activities in which you participated.

The quality of your graduate school recommendation letter will play a critical role in your acceptance, so it’s essential to carefully choose who writes it.

Take some time thinking about the best person. Here are some tips that may help you decide.

Who should write your letters of recommendation for graduate school?

When applying for graduate school, it is important to carefully consider who should write your letters of recommendation.

Ideally, your recommendation letter writers should be faculty members, research supervisors, or professional colleagues in your field who can provide specific examples of your achievements and skills.

It is important to choose individuals who can provide a comprehensive picture of your strengths and potential, rather than simply listing your accomplishments.

Here is what I would consider when choosing who should write your letter of recommendation:

The quality of your letters of recommendation can greatly impact your admission to graduate school , so choose your letter writers carefully and provide them with ample time and information to compose strong recommendations that will enhance your graduate school application.

How to ask for a Letter of Recommendation for Graduate School

The best way to ask for a letter of recommendation is by sending an email politely requesting the recommenders’ assistance after you have spoken to them in person requesting the letter of recommendation.

Here are some templates that you can use to

Email 1 Template:

Subject: Request for Recommendation for [Your Name] – [Program Name]

Dear Professor [Last Name],

I hope this email finds you well. My name is [Your Name], and I am currently a [Your Status, e.g., final-year undergraduate/graduate student] majoring in [Your Major] at [Your University]. I am writing to kindly request your support in providing a recommendation letter for my application to the [Program Name] at [University Name]. Your expertise and guidance during my time in your [Course Name/Research Project] have been invaluable, and I believe that your recommendation would greatly strengthen my application.

The [Program Name] at [University Name] is an excellent fit for my academic and career goals, as it offers the opportunity to specialize in [Specific Area of Study/Research Interest], which aligns with my interests and ambitions. I am particularly excited about [a specific aspect of the program or a professor’s work that you admire].

If you agree to write a recommendation letter on my behalf, please let me know if you require any additional information, such as my CV, transcript, or a draft of my statement of purpose. The deadline for the submission of the recommendation letter is [Submission Deadline]. I understand that you have a busy schedule, and I greatly appreciate your time and consideration in supporting my application.

Thank you once again for your guidance and mentorship during my time in your [Course Name/Research Project]. I look forward to the possibility of your recommendation and to hearing your thoughts on my application.

[Your Full Name]

[Your Email Address]

[Your Phone Number]

Email 2 follow-up template:

Subject: Reminder: Recommendation Letter for [Your Name] – [Program Name]

I wanted to follow up on my earlier request for a recommendation letter for my application to the [Program Name] at [University Name]. I understand that you have a busy schedule, and I appreciate your time and effort in considering my request.

As a gentle reminder, the submission deadline for the recommendation letter is [Submission Deadline]. If you have any questions or require further information, such as my CV, transcript, or a draft of my statement of purpose, please do not hesitate to let me know. If for any reason you are unable to provide a recommendation, please let me know at your earliest convenience so that I can make alternative arrangements.

Thank you once again for your support and guidance during my time in your [Course Name/Research Project]. Your recommendation would significantly strengthen my application, and I am grateful for your consideration.

Best regards,

[Your Phone Number]

Make sure to give them enough time to write the letter, preferably several weeks in advance.

When asking for a letter, provide the recommender with as much information as possible about the graduate school and the program you wish to attend.

This can make it easier for them to write a recommendation that’s relevant and highlights your potential.

Here is what you can ask of the person that is writing your letter of recommendation:

What to Ask From Someone Before Writing a Letter of Recommendation

When asking someone to write a letter of recommendation it’s essential to provide them with a few pointers and highlights to ensure that they can write an effective letter.

First, provide the person with your resume or CV, so they can gain a better understanding of your academic and professional achievements. Next, share your career goals and explain how the program you are applying for will help you achieve those goals.

Here are some things that you can provide them to help them craft the strongest letter of recommendation for you.

Your resume or CV : This will give the writer an overview of your academic and professional achievements, as well as any relevant extracurricular activities or awards.
A description of the program: Provide information about the graduate program or job you are applying for, including its focus, goals, and any specific requirements.
Y our statement of purpose or personal statement: Sharing your statement will help the writer understand your motivations for pursuing the program and your long-term goals.
A list of your key strengths and accomplishments: Highlight the specific skills, experiences, and qualities that you believe make you an excellent candidate for the program.
Any specific examples or anecdotes: Share any relevant experiences or achievements that you would like the writer to include in their letter to illustrate your qualifications.
Y our relationship with the writer : Remind the writer of your relationship, how long you have known each other, and any significant interactions or projects you have worked on together.
Submission details: Provide the writer with the submission deadline, any specific formatting requirements, and instructions on how to submit the letter (e.g., online portal, email, or physical mail).
Any additional materials: If required or relevant, provide supplementary materials such as transcripts, writing samples, or portfolios that can support the writer’s assessment of your skills and qualifications.

By providing all of this information, you will help them gain a better grasp of your qualifications and motivations, enabling them to write a compelling letter of recommendation on your behalf.

Letter of Recommendation Template and Useful Phrases

A letter of recommendation is an essential document for any admission process, especially for a graduate program.

It requires a good understanding of the applicant’s character and skills, which makes the task challenging for many recommenders.

This is where a template and useful phrases come into play. Using a template can help the recommender to organize their thoughts and include all the necessary information.

Here is a creative template that you can use to ensure that your letter of recommendation follows the most impactful and sensible structure. Include the following:

Useful phrases and sentence starters to use in someone’s letter of recommendation include:

It is my pleasure to strongly recommend [Student Name] for [program/position] at [university/company].
In my [X years] of experience as a [your position], I have rarely encountered a student as [adjective describing the student, e.g., dedicated or talented] as [Student Name].
[Student Name] consistently demonstrated exceptional [skill or quality, e.g., problem-solving abilities] during their time in my [course/department].
[Student Name]’s commitment to [subject or skill, e.g., research or teamwork] has been evident through their [specific accomplishment or project].
I was particularly impressed by [Student Name]’s ability to [specific skill or achievement, e.g., grasp complex concepts quickly or lead group discussions].
One of [Student Name]’s most remarkable qualities is their [personal trait, e.g., determination or creativity], which has contributed to their success in [specific context or project].
[Student Name] has proven to be an asset to our [course/department/team] due to their [qualities or skills, e.g., strong work ethic or excellent communication skills].
I have no doubt that [Student Name] will excel in [program/position] and make a significant contribution to [university/company/field].
[Student Name] possesses the intellectual curiosity, motivation, and dedication necessary to thrive in a challenging [academic/professional] environment.
I wholeheartedly endorse [Student Name] for [program/position] and believe they will be a valuable addition to the [university/company/community].
[Student Name] has consistently demonstrated a high level of [skill or quality, e.g., academic performance or leadership] throughout their time in my [course/department].
Based on my experience working with [Student Name], I am confident that they have the potential to [specific outcome, e.g., make a meaningful impact in their field or succeed in their chosen career path].

These recommendation letter template and useful phrases are excellent resources for recommenders to achieve a well-crafted and effective letter of recommendation.

Feel free to send them to the person writing your letter of recommendation .

What style of writing should be used in a recommendation letter?

When writing a recommendation letter, it is important to use a formal and professional writing style.

This means using proper grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure.

It is also important to clearly state the qualifications and strengths of the person you are recommending.

Use specific examples and anecdotes to illustrate these qualifications and emphasize the individual’s skills, achievements, and character.

When writing a recommendation letter for admission to college or graduate school, it is important to highlight the applicant’s academic achievements and potential, as well as their personal traits, such as their reliability, work ethic, and communication skills.

Overall, the tone of the letter should be positive and enthusiastic to give the reader an honest and convincing picture of the applicant’s strengths and suitability for the opportunity at hand.

Wrapping up

Obtaining strong letters of recommendation is a crucial aspect of the graduate school application process.

The quality of these letters can significantly impact the chances of acceptance, making it essential for applicants to choose their recommenders wisely and equip them with the necessary information to craft compelling endorsements.

By carefully selecting letter writers, providing them with ample resources and guidance, and using templates and useful phrases to ensure effectiveness, applicants can create a powerful impression on the graduate admissions committee.

Well-written recommendation letters serve as a testament to the candidate’s potential for success, showcasing their academic abilities, personal qualities, and suitability for advanced studies.

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

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Letter Of Recommendation for PhD: Sample, Format & How to Write

Updated on 29 january, 2024.

Anupriya Mukherjee

Sr. content writer.

A letter of recommendation or LOR for a PhD is an important document required for admission into PhD programs at foreign institutions if you are planning to study abroad . While scores, transcripts, and other vital documents are mostly factual, the LOR is an independent objective analysis of applicants. PhD courses usually require two to three recommendations. These provide committees with an overview of the applicant’s core strengths, skills, and accomplishments.

Lor for phd : guidelines:.

Academic LOR:
Professional LOR:

Introduction:

Conclusion:, popular guides to simplify your study abroad journey, sample lor for phd:, important tips to write lor for phd, download country guides (free pdfs).

The vital part of writing a LOR is choosing the right recommender. For a PhD SOP, the recommender should be someone who can endorse your candidature and provide an unbiased application essay. Since all the other documents are self-prepared, they are likely to be biased. LOR provides an external perspective, which entirely depends on your recommender. It is unique because it is your assessment from an external viewpoint. Your recommender for PhD should be someone who can be described as follows:

One who has a good rapport.
Who understands your personality, achievements, and capabilities.
With whom you have shared your academic and professional experiences and journey
Who is aware of your current research ideas
Who supports your research ideas.

Types of LOR for PhD

International universities offering PhD require two to three LORs depending on your academic and professional experience. Two academic LORs are needed, and one professional LOR is required if you have work experience. Basically, the LOR for PhD is classified into two categories:

Academic LOR:

Academic letter of recommendation is provided by the professor of your educational institution. Most commonly, you are asked to provide two academic LORs for PhD in an international university. In such LORs, professors need to highlight the applicant’s capabilities and achievements. It should reflect the recommender’s perspective about you and your research ideas.

Professional LOR:

The applicant’s professional letter of recommendation is asked if they have any work experience. Only one professional LOR is needed in that case. It is provided by your immediate supervisor or employer. It should reflect the recommender’s perspective on your professional ability to work within a team.

How to write a LOR for PhD?

When your recommender is willing to write your LOR for PhD, you should share your research ideas, achievements, capabilities, objectives, and relevant information. The format of the LOR should consist of the answers to several questions related to your suitability for a PhD. The LOR, whether academic or professional, written by your recommender should sound realistic and authentic. The standard LOR format for PhD should have the following details:

This part of the LOR should include the details regarding the recommender. It is a brief introduction of the recommender with their current designation and professional experience mentioned in the LOR. They also need to mention their relationship and duration of association with the applicant. The details of the recommender’s association and guidance must be mentioned in the LOR.

It includes the details of the applicant’s technical skills, certification, internship work, research ideas, research outcomes, research goals, capabilities, qualities, work experience, presentations, seminars, extracurricular activities, etc. It is quite crucial to add all the relevant information required to consider the applicant’s candidature and future undertakings.

This last part of the LOR format summarizes the applicant’s desire for the PhD program. The closing part of the LOR essay application includes the recommender’s signature and contact details.

An excellent sample LOR for PhD highlights at least three attributes of the aspirant – a social attribute and two subject-linked or technical attributes. Here are some notable guidelines:

The LOR should be 1-2 pages long with 5-6 paragraphs.
Recommenders should start the LOR by introducing themselves and the aspirant.
Recommenders should also discuss how and from when they are professionally related to the applicants in the first paragraph.
The following paragraphs should be divided into three segments, each highlighting aspirant’s particular skill or quality.
Recommenders should emphasize analytical abilities, subject knowledge, time management skills, dedication, responsibility, research abilities, etc.
The conclusion will sum up the qualities of the aspirant while ending with a solid recommendation to the university for accepting the application.

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The following sample LOR for PhD is one of many ways of writing it.

I am pleased to get the chance to recommend (name of applicant) for the PhD position in (course/study area name) at your institution. I have taught (name of applicant) for the last (tenure in years) in the areas of (subject areas). I will be delighted to witness him/her excelling in this particular field.

The topic (title) proposed by him/her is vital for the modern-day scenario and needs extensive research. It will be beneficial for all the industry stakeholders in the (sector name) and also academicians who can access real-time insights on the subject.

(Name of applicant) has completed a research project over a period of (duration) on (name of project) under my supervision. I have witnessed his/her work efficiency, critical thinking abilities, and inquisitiveness regarding various findings. He/she also has brilliant communication skills and the ability to mentor and guide peers.

(Name) has a down-to-earth nature and respects others while adhering to rules and regulations. His/her independent or group work on research projects and studies has been immensely satisfying. He/she is an analytical thinker and is stimulated by new academic challenges. This trait makes him/her strive for innovative solutions to real-world problems with a strong desire to improve the world around.

Hectic timelines, various constraints, tough work conditions, multitasking, and dealing with multiple people along the way, are things that he/she can tackle with ease while delivering work seamlessly. With these positive abilities, he/she will be an asset to any institution.

(Name) has improved consistently every year and is a deserving candidate for an opportunity to work in the field of (topic name). I would be delighted if my recommendation helps him/her obtain admission in the (course name).

If you have any queries regarding research, academics, or other areas pertaining to (applicant name’s) candidature, please feel free to reach me at the following phone or email address. I am usually available on the phone between Monday and Friday from (time to time, i.e. 11 am to 4 pm).

(Name of Referee)

Designation:

Phone Number:

Following important tips should be considered while writing a LOR for PhD:

The selection of the right recommender is crucial. Choose your recommender carefully who meets the specifications mentioned in your PhD application.
Choosing your recommenders with finer academic and professional qualifications is of utmost importance.
Stay in contact with your potential recommenders and maintain good communication with them in advance.
Share your research proposal, goals, and achievements with your recommenders.
Your LORs for PhD should differ from each other.
Your LOR should showcase your qualities, capabilities, and strengths.
Online recommendation forms should be submitted much before the deadline.
The letter should be realistic and unbiased.
The relationship between the recommender and the applicant should be demonstrated clearly.
All the information stated in the LOR should be genuine, authentic, and accurate. Ensure that no information is false or exaggerated.

In conclusion, a well-crafted Letter of Recommendation is a crucial component of any PhD application, serving as a testament to the candidate's academic abilities, research potential, and character. It provides the admissions committee with valuable insights from a third-party perspective, often influencing the final decision. For recommenders, it's important to provide a balanced, honest, and detailed account of the candidate’s capabilities, tailoring the letter to highlight qualities that are most relevant to the PhD program. For applicants, choosing the right recommenders and ensuring they understand the importance of the letter in the context of a PhD application is key. A strong Letter of Recommendation, which effectively captures the essence of the candidate's skills and potential, can significantly enhance the application, making it stand out in a competitive academic landscape.

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Anupriya Mukherjee is a passion-driven professional working as a Content Marketer and earlier worked as a Digital Marketeer. With around 6 years of work experience, she has experience creating high-quality, engaging content for websites, blogs, news articles, video scripts, brochures, and ebooks.

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Recommendation Letters: Who to Ask, How to Ask, and When

If you are facing graduate school applications, it’s time to get serious about requesting references for your letters of recommendation. Usually grades and test scores factor are most influential in a graduate school application; however, many applicants don’t realize that letters of recommendation can be the deciding factor in the admission process. As a continuation of the previous blog, 5 Tips for Recommendation Letters , an effective letter should provide those making admissions decisions with an assessment of your potential as a graduate student. Therefore, it is important that you ask those who know you academically to write your recommendation letters. Professors are the ones who most commonly write letters of recommendation for graduate school applicants; however, professionals who supervised your work in academia or research may also be appropriate choices.

Although you cannot control a letter’s content, there are things you can do to make the process of getting positive letters of recommendation as successful as possible. Who you request a letter of recommendation from, how you ask, and when you ask will influence the quality and type of recommendation you receive.

It might take a while for you to think of people who can recommend you. This is okay. Don’t worry too much about getting the most prestigious name you can find to recommend you for the program. Of course, that might help bring attention to your application, but if the people who own those names don’t know you academically, professionally, or personally, then their recommendation letters will seem bland and generic. The people who know you well academically, professionally, or personally will provide a unique and customized recommendation letter for you. These letters are the ones you want because it will allow their readers to get an idea of who you are as a potential graduate student instead of only understanding basic knowledge about you and your achievements.

Anything other than a positive letter has the potential to harm your application. Ideally, you want a letter from someone you’ve worked with in a classroom setting, research, volunteer work, or any other one-on-one situation. So, avoid anyone who you think might give you a negative reference and remember that an indifferent reference can be just as bad as a negative one. The following people make the best recommendation letter writers:

· Someone who knows you well

· Someone who’s class you have taken/currently in

· Someone with the title of “Professor”

· A professor at the school granting your undergraduate degree

· Someone who has earned the degree which you are seeking in your graduate work

· Someone with an advanced degree who has supervised you in a job or internship aligned with the graduate program you are pursuing

Even if you did well in a class, if you didn’t interact with the professor individually, he or she is not the right person to ask. Your best letters will come from those who know you well, so make an effort to get to know your professors. A few ways you can do this are to choose courses with small class sizes, speak up in class, regularly attend office hours, take more than one class from a professor, and do research for a professor.

The best approach is to ask potential recommenders if they are willing to write you a strong, positive letter. If the person you ask for a reference from declines, thank him or her for their consideration. Ask those who can provide an evaluation of your ability to perform and succeed at the graduate level; but remember that letters from family, friends, or political figures are a huge NO.

Asking for recommendation letters can be intimidating, but don’t let that keep you from asking. Requesting people to recommend you for graduate school is easier than you may think; you just need to ask in the right way. Depending on your relationship with your professor, you might decide to either e-mail or make an appointment to see him/her. If you have casual relationships with them, then e-mailing people to ask for recommendation letters would be a good choice; however, no matter how informal your relationship is, there should be a professional tone to your e-mail. On the other hand, if you don’t feel quite comfortable enough e-mailing to ask for recommendation letters, then making appointments might be the better choice for you. This option would be best for past professors you haven’t seen in a while.

There are also few things to avoid when asking for recommendation letters; such as asking a professor for a recommendation letter as you pass each other in the hallway, instead, ask to speak to them later in their office, or visit them during their office hours. Ask to meet with your potential recommender(s) to discuss your desire to apply to graduate school. During the meeting, you will have the opportunity to discuss your academic interests, career aspirations, and prospective schools and programs. This gives you the opportunity to request the letter of recommendation in person.

The best strategy to use to get a good letter of recommendation, particularly if the recommender hasn’t known you long, is to provide him or her with information about you. This way, you will get a letter that includes tangible details about you. Provide your recommenders with the following information (in addition to the deadlines and formats for turning in the letters to the schools and programs of interest) to help them gain a better understanding of your background and interests:

· A copy of your transcript and list of relevant courses taken

· A copy of your CV and/or resume

· Copies of admissions essays

· Titles and abstracts of relevant research papers you have written

· Honors and awards received

· Related academic and research activities (e.g., internship programs, presentations, symposia, etc.)

When to Ask

Whether you e-mail your professors or talk to current employers in person, make sure you give all your potential references the information they need to recommend you for your graduate school or program. The timing of your request will likely depend on when you plan to turn in your application. At least two to four weeks is preferred, although you can also begin conversations about recommendation letters as early as when you’re first considering applying. Whatever you decide, do not procrastinate asking for recommendation letters.

Give your recommenders several weeks’ notice. When you ask for a recommendation letter, you’re asking your professor or employer to spend their own time doing you a favor; don’t waste their time by asking them to write a letter in the next day. You do not want your letter writers to feel rushed, you want to give them enough time to write a good letter.

If you are thinking about asking professors, keep in mind that professors can be very busy, and many times deadlines for other things come up and they need to delay the recommendation letters they need to write. Popular professors will also get requests from other students; if those requests were made before yours or they all come in at once, your letter may be put on the back burner.

If you plan to take time off before going to graduate school, don’t wait until you want to apply to a program to ask for letters. By this time, your professor could be on sabbatical, or may not have you fresh in their mind anymore. So, ask for a letter before you graduate and keep the letter in a safe place. Then, when you are ready to apply, you can contact that professor again and ask them to bring your letter up to date.

Getting good recommendation letters can be tricky, but if you do what it takes earn praise from your potential letter writers, then recommendation letters shouldn’t be an issue. Remember that anyone who writes a letter for you is doing you a favor, do not put him or her in an awkward situation of having to do something with very little time. Do not feel awkward about checking in with your recommenders to make sure they turn in the letter on time for the application, but do not pester them. Also, make time to let your recommenders know the outcome of your graduate school application; it is considerate and they will want to know.

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Recommendations

Main navigation.

Three letters of recommendation are required for your application.

Choose Your Recommenders

Letters of recommendation should come from academic or professional references who know you well and are qualified to evaluate your potential for graduate study. It is strongly recommended that at least one of these letters be from a university professor familiar with your academic work.

Refer to your graduate program’s website to check whether it offers specific guidance on choosing your recommenders.

Register Your Recommenders

Register your recommenders in the online application as early as possible to ensure their letters are received by the application deadline.

After you enter your recommender’s information, the application system sends a personalized link to that individual to submit the recommendation online.
After your recommender submits the recommendation letter, you will receive an email notification.
You may manage your recommenders on the same Recommendations page where you registered them. This includes sending reminder emails and changing recommenders. You continue to have access to this page after you submit your application.

Note: Departments in the School of Engineering will NOT accept letters of recommendation via Interfolio submission. This includes: Aeronautics and Astronautics, Bioengineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, Management Science & Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering.

Recommendation Form

Each of your recommenders are asked to respond to the following questions:

Undergraduate students
Master's level students
Doctoral level students
Other (please specify)
How many years have you evaluated people in this group?
Approximately how many people are in this group, totaled over those years?
Second quarter
Third quarter
Bottom quarter
No basis for judgment
Strongly recommended
Recommended
Recommended with reservations
NOT recommended

Recommendation Letter

The general prompt for the recommendation letter is:

Please write candidly about the applicant’s qualifications, potential to carry on advanced study in the field specified, intellectual independence, capability for analytical thinking, ability to organize and express ideas clearly, and potential for teaching. Descriptions of significant actions, accomplishments, character, and personal qualities related to scholarly achievement are particularly helpful.

The exact prompt displayed to the recommender may differ depending on the graduate program you select.

Refer to your graduate program’s website to check whether it offers specific guidance on what recommenders should include in their letters.

Your recommenders must be the sole authors of your letters of recommendation. Drafting, writing, translating, or submitting your own reference, even if asked to do so by a recommender, is a violation of our application terms. You are responsible for informing your recommenders of this policy.

Starting Your Graduate School Application? Here’s How to Request Compelling Letters of Recommendation

Navigating the graduate school application process can be an exciting, yet overwhelming experience. After all, it’s not just a matter of obtaining a transcript and a check — personal statements often need to be written, resumes have to be updated and letters of recommendation need to be procured.

A letter of recommendation can be exactly what an application needs to boost it above the rest, and a well-written letter will demonstrate your skills, your personality and what sets you apart from others, all coming from a trusted secondary source.

So, how do you ensure you receive a strong, compelling letter of recommendation?

Below, we’ve broken down who you should ask, what you’ll need and what the letter should ultimately include.

Who Should You Ask to Write Your Letter of Recommendation?

Most schools will ask you for two to three letters of recommendation. Some will have specific requirements for who can recommend you: Perhaps it has to be a former supervisor or a professor who taught you the subject. Usually, though, it’s broader than that, and you have more freedom.

That doesn’t mean, however, you can ask just anyone.

“[Applicants] should avoid asking their friends or family members,” said Hoon H. Kang, a graduate/international credentials analyst for the Office of Graduate Admission at USC . “If applicants are recent graduates, then they should ask their academic advisor or professor … If they are currently in the field, then they should definitely ask their supervisor, or a manager, or co-workers.”

While choosing which manager or professor to ask, consider some important factors. Do they know you well? If they don’t, they won’t have much to say in the letter. Someone who has known you longer is better, too. If they’ve known you for two years instead of two months, they will have much more to say. Do they regard you in a positive light? That question needs the answer to be “yes” for the letter to be great.

And of course, consider whether this person is an effective communicator. You want this letter to truly convey who you are and what your strengths are and really stand out to the admissions board.

How to Ask Someone to Write a Letter of Recommendation for You

The best way to ask someone to write a letter of recommendation is in-person. If that’s not possible, you can request to schedule a phone call to discuss it. Emailing also works — but make sure you’re asking in a respectful and considerate way.

Explain specifically why you’re asking them, and why you think they’re the right person to recommend you. It’s important to highlight why you’ve chosen them, as this may impact their desire to participate and the quality of the letter.

And of course, make sure you provide an easy out, so no one feels pressured into writing a letter of recommendation. Be considerate and phrase it as a request, not a demand.

When Should You Ask Someone to Write Your Letter of Recommendation?

We recommend asking someone to write your letter as early as six months before the application is due. Don’t ask later than two months before the due date — there just might not be enough time for them to complete it.

If you’re waiting on the letter and it’s getting close to the deadline, it’s fine to follow up. Just make sure you touch base in a considerate manner and that enough time has elapsed where a follow-up seems necessary, not pushy.

What Information Should You Give Your Recommenders?

Before they start crafting your letter, whoever you asked is going to need some important information. Here is what you should pass along to them:

A current transcript
Your most recent resume
A list of where you’re applying
A copy of your personal statement and a brief paragraph explaining your career goals
Any instructions for the letter of recommendation
The submission deadline
Anything specific you’d like included in the letter

What Should a Letter of Recommendation Include?

A good letter of recommendation answers the crucial question: Among a competitive field of qualified candidates, why should the school choose you? It demonstrates which skills and qualities you have that will make you a great fit for the program.

The author should provide a description of how exactly they know you and for how long. They should then move into why exactly they’re recommending you for the program. Specificity is key, and detailed anecdotes that highlight your work and skills will make for a stronger letter. They also prove your letter writer is sincere and enthusiastic. You want concrete proof that you’re the right candidate.

“A recommender who knows the applicant pretty well would be able to give a much better image of the applicant to the department,” said Moises Cortés, a graduate/international credentials analyst for the Office of Graduate Admission at USC.

While a letter of recommendation is a formal piece of writing, a sense of personality is encouraged. If it’s very brief, overly dry or too detailed, the admissions board may be less impressed with it.

What to Do After Someone Writes Your Letter of Recommendation

There is a crucial final step after someone writes you a letter of recommendation that you should not skip: Send them a thank-you letter.

They took the time to write something that could help change your life, so be sure to express gratitude for that, whether it’s an email, thank-you card or personalized letter.

After that, it’s time to celebrate this major step in the graduate school application timeline .

For more information, visit the Office of Graduate Admission at USC and explore USC Online ’s master’s degrees, doctoral programs and graduate certificates.

The DOs and DON’Ts of Letters of Recommendation

In addition to transcripts, test scores, and research proposals, PhD and postdoc applications also require candidates to submit letters of recommendation. These letters offer insight into who your academic potential and could be the deciding factor in your admissions. To ensure you get strong letters of recommendation, follow these simple dos and don’ts.

DO Choose Your Letter Writers Carefully

PhD, postdoc, and fellowship applications typically require two to three letters of reference. These letters should come from professors who know your work and can speak to your potential in detail. That last part is important. Choose faculty members who know your personal characteristics, professionalism, achievements, and academic potential. The ideal letter writer is someone you have taken multiple classes with and who has given you positive evaluations. If you have worked closely with a professor on a major research project (such as a PhD or Masters thesis) they should also be one of your letter writers.

DON’T Use Someone as a Reference Without Contacting Them First

It’s bad form to give someone’s name as a reference without asking them for permission first. While professors expect to write letter of recommendation as part of their job, it also requires fair warning and a few hours of their time. Once you have decided which professors you would like to have give recommendations, ask them—during office hours or over email—if they feel comfortable writing you a letter of recommendation.

DO Ask Early

Ask this question four to six weeks before the application deadline. Professors are busy and writing a high-quality recommendation letter takes time. Don’t wait until the last minute if you want a good recommendation.

DON’T Be Offended if They Say No

If one of your professors declines to write you a letter, don’t get upset. The professor is doing you a favour by declining to write a letter. You want to have strong letters of recommendation, and for whatever reason this professor doesn’t feel they can write you one. Now you have the chance to improve your application with a better reference.

DO Give Them Information

To help your professors write strong letters, you need to provide them with background information about the program, grant, or job you’re applying for. You can ask your references what sort of information they would like, but it’s standard practice to give them a copy of your application materials as well as some background information like which classes you took with them, why you are interested in each program, and your research interests. Make sure to get them this material well in advance of the deadlines.

DON’T Keep Them in the Dark

In addition to background information, you should also clearly communicate the due date for each application so that your professors aren’t blindsided by a last minute request. If you can, let them know what format their letter should be submitted (hard copy, uploaded, emailed etc). If the letters must be mailed, it’s common courtesy to provide your references with an addressed and stamped envelope.

DO Send a Reminder

One week before the application is due, send your references an email reminding them to submit their letters if they have not already done so. There is often a lot going on around the end of the semester so you don’t have to worry that you’re “nagging” them. They will appreciate the reminder. If a professor misses a deadline, follow up in person and offer to pay for overnight postage if needed.

DON’T Forget to Say Thank You

Once all your applications are in, you should send a thank you note to each professor who wrote you a letter of recommendation. It doesn’t matter if it’s a handwritten note or an email as long as it gets the point across. You should also let your professors know the results of your applications. They will want to know if you were successful since they have contributed to your application.

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How to Write a Strong Letter of Recommendation for College

If you’re a college counselor, coach, teacher, or mentor looking to support your college-bound students, chances are you’ve been asked to write a strong letter of recommendation. Stand-out letters of recommendation can give students a serious leg-up during college admissions. According to a 2024 post from Admit Report , college admissions officers will read as many as than 50,000 applications per admission cycle for a given university.

With that much competition, it can take a lot to help your student stand out. So, what catches an admissions officer’s eye? Strong letters of recommendation.

In that same survey, admissions counselors said letters of recommendation were more important to them than a student’s extracurricular activities, AP test scores, or even class rank. That means it’s worth putting a little extra effort into your next letter. Here’s how to write a college letter of recommendation that will blow the admission committee’s socks off.

Need more help? Check out Going Merry’s high school counselor hub for email templates, how-to’s, and other resources.

Introduction

The introduction is one of the most important parts of your letter. This is your chance to hook the reader and draw them in. Here’s how to ace one common recommendation letter format.

1. Open with a formal salutation

Your letter of recommendation should begin like any business letter. Keep in mind that, while common, “Dear Sir or Madam,” can feel gendered or outdated. “To Whom It May Concern,” is acceptable but can feel a little impersonal. If you can, find out the name of the admissions director. If you can’t find a direct contact, simply address your letter to “Dear Admissions Counselor.” Be sure to type on your official letterhead to give your letter an even more professional look.

2. Introduce the student

Start your first paragraph with a sentence or two explaining how long you’ve known the student and in what capacity. Were you their baseball coach, English teacher, or high school counselor ? Explain how you met. If possible, use a little descriptive detail to bring this anecdote to life, and mention your first impressions of the student. It’s usually standard to use the student’s first and last name upon first mention, then refer to them by their first name going forward.

3. Establish a personal connection

Next, add a sentence or two demonstrating your connection to the student. This is one of the most crucial parts of writing a strong college letter of recommendation. Admissions officers are looking for endorsements from people who really know the candidate well. If you don’t have a personal connection to the student that goes beyond simply being their teacher or counselor, that’s okay. Remember, you can always say no and encourage them to ask someone else to write their letter instead.

One of the best ways to establish this connection and help a student stand out is to tell a memorable story that illustrates their character. Include an example of a time when their qualities or skills really shone. Maybe this is a story about how they stepped up in a leadership position, reacted well in a moment of success or failure, or went out of their way to help another student. Make sure it’s specific and personalized.

Use this section to paint a picture of this young person and explain what makes them stand out.

1. Highlight the student’s achievements

Use the next paragraph to mention the student’s top accomplishments. Keep in mind that the admissions officer will already have the student’s resume and GPA in front of them, so don’t waste time listing a bunch of achievements.

Instead, mention a specific example or short anecdote that might add color to a prominent resume item. For example, the admissions officer probably already knows that your student is a varsity basketball player or a debate team captain. But if this is the hardest-working student-athlete you’ve ever coached or the most brilliant debater the school has ever seen, that’s worth a mention.

Another tip: While it can be helpful to use a letter template , try to avoid using the same formula for every student on your list. College admissions officers are often assigned to a particular region. That means the same person will likely end up reading the same high school teachers’ or counselors’ letters year after year. If your letters are practically the same for each student, the admissions officer will notice.

2. Speak to the student’s character

Now that you’ve mentioned a student’s successes, it’s time to explain what personal qualities led to such success. Try to make this part of the letter flow naturally from the previous section.

This is your chance to talk about the student’s hard work, magnetic personality, or aptitude for learning. That said, it’s best to avoid generic statements and clichés . The phrases “great work ethic,” and “strong team spirit” show up on thousands of letters each year. Instead, use concrete examples and descriptive detail to bring your student’s character traits to life.

Instead of “He’s thoughtful,” say “He’s capable of discussing even the most complex topics with humility and nuance.” Instead of “She’s intellectually curious,” say, “She thinks like a scientist, and over the last four years, she’s turned in such thoughtful lab assessments that sometimes I worried she was teaching me more than I was teaching her.” It’s that kind of vivid description and personalization that catches the attention of college admissions counselors.

Also be mindful of racial biases and gender biases in letter writing . If you’re not mindful, these unconscious biases can sneak into your letter and negatively color the admissions officer’s view of your student.

3. Provide context

Praise doesn’t mean much without context. Be sure to benchmark your student’s achievements against those of their peers. This kind of context gives college admissions counselors a better understanding of the student’s abilities. It will be easier for them to make admissions decisions when they can clearly evaluate a student’s performance relative to others.

So, for example, a weak recommendation letter might state that a student “writes well and participates often in class.” A strong recommendation letter might say something like, “I’ve taught more than 2,000 students in my time as an educator and I’ve never met someone with such a knack for the written word. Many young people struggle to describe their inner world in vivid detail, but Henry succeeded in capturing both me and his classmates with his thoughtful, relatable prose.”

Your final paragraph is your chance to remind your reader why this student is so unique and deserving of a spot at this particular school. Be sure to follow these general guidelines:

1. End on a positive note

Your final paragraph should provide a brief summary of your recommendation so far and express why you believe so strongly in this particular student’s likelihood of success. It’s standard to include your contact information in the conclusion in case the admissions office has any further questions for you. This could include your email or office phone number — whatever you’re comfortable providing.

2. Use a formal closing

As with your opening, the closing of your letter should be professional and businesslike. “Best Regards,” is a common closing, though “Sincerely,” or “Respectfully,” will also work.

Guidelines to follow as you write

Writing a strong letter of recommendation isn’t just about what you write – it’s how you write, too. Here are some guidelines to keep in mind.

Keep it relatively brief: The audience you’re writing for has to evaluate countless recommendation letters just like the one you’re writing. Be respectful of their time and try to keep your letter to around one page in length.
Be honest and balanced : While it’s important to emphasize the student’s positive qualities, it’s just important to be honest and balanced in your assessment. Avoid exaggerations or misleading statements.
Tailor the recommendation to the college: Do some research on the colleges the student is applying to and customize your letter accordingly. Highlight traits or experiences that align with the particular college’s values or programs. This shows that you’ve taken the time to understand the student’s goals and aspirations.
Avoid cliches: Steer clear of overused phrases and generic statements. Instead, provide original and thoughtful insights about the student.
Use professional language and tone : The admissions process is serious business. Maintain a professional tone throughout the letter and use appropriate language. Avoid slang or informal expressions.
Proofread and edit : Take the time to review and edit your letter carefully. Check for any spelling or grammatical errors, and ensure that the letter flows smoothly and is well-organized. Consider asking a colleague to proofread it when you’re done.
Follow the guidelines : If the college or university provides specific guidelines or requirements for the letter of recommendation, make sure to follow them closely. This may include details on formatting, submission methods, or specific questions to address.
Give yourself enough time to write: Writing a college letter of recommendation can take hours, days, or weeks depending on who you are and your relationship to the student. Give yourself plenty of time to sit down, write a draft, and revisit it to make sure it’s polished enough to submit.

Support your students with Going Merry

Letters of recommendation are one of the most critical parts of the college application process . That’s because the rest of a college application is pretty dry. Grades and ACT scores only say so much about a person, and colleges want to see more than just academic performance.

The best students are born leaders with courage, drive, and personality. A good letter can bring your student to life for an admissions committee and even help sway their decision.

As a high school counselor, you may write dozens — if not hundreds — of recommendation letters each year. Fortunately, Going Merry can help take the busywork off your plate so you focus on what matters.

With Going Merry’s high school counselor resource hub, you can find everything from free email templates and financial aid lesson plans, to thousands of scholarships sorted by amount, location, and eligibility requirements. Sign up now or schedule a demo to find out how Going Merry can streamline your workflow.

Disclaimer: This blog post provides personal finance educational information, and it is not intended to provide legal, financial, or tax advice.

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Who Should Write Your PhD Letters of Recommendation?
You should select faculty members to write the majority of your LORs for PhD programs. If you have relevant work experience, you can also ask a current or previous employer. The employer should focus on your research potential. You can ask internship supervisors if the type of work you did as an intern is related to your intended field of study.
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Table of contents. Step 1: Choose who to ask. Step 2: Reach out and request a meeting. Step 3: Ask for a letter of recommendation. Step 4: Share your resume and other materials. Step 5: Remind your recommenders of upcoming deadlines. Other interesting articles.
Letters of Recommendation for Grad School I Stanford Online
The recommendation letter prompt encourages recommenders to provide candid assessments of your qualifications,including your potential for advanced study, analytical thinking capabilities, and ability to express ideas clearly. Descriptions of significant achievements, personal qualities, and character traits relevant to your scholarly pursuits ...
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A student recommendation letter for a PhD will typically be between one to two pages. The document of recommendation letter for PhD student should be well differentiated into 5-6 paragraphs. The LOR for PhD should begin with an introductory paragraph about the recommender and his/her association with the applicant.
Who to Ask for a Grad School Recommendation Letter
An effective recommendation letter is written by someone who meets some of the following criteria: Is aware of your field of interest and the schools you are applying to. Is able to evaluate your performance in your field of interest. Is able to discuss your personal characteristics. Is able to discuss your capacity to work with others.
How To Write a Letter of Recommendation for PhD Programs
A Ph.D. recommendation letter is often one or two pages long, with five to six paragraphs. It usually begins with an introductory paragraph about the student's qualifications and relationship with the reference. Next, it typically includes three to four sections outlining the academic and social qualities that make the candidate suitable for ...
How to Write a Letter of Recommendation for Graduate School
How to Format and Structure a Graduate School Letter of Recommendation. As for structure, letters of recommendation should not be longer than a page. Start off with a greeting ("Dear [Name]" or "To Whom It May Concern," if you don't know the recipient). In the opening paragraph, explain who you are, the nature of your relationship ...
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University of Texas psychology professor Kevin Harris, PhD, says he will write a letter of recommendation for pretty much anyone who asks as long as they provide him with a brief "cheat sheet" with details about their experience, career goals and the strengths they want him to highlight.
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Writing recommendation letters is great fun — it allows me to reflect on my interactions with pupils, remember the creative times together and promote them in their future careers. It is like ...
How To Ask for a Letter of Recommendation for Your PhD
Before asking an individual to write you a letter of recommendation, you can start by making a list of people you could ask. Think of people in your network who can attest to your personal, professional and academic qualities. Try to choose individuals who have professional qualifications. 2. Talk to the people on your list.
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The letters of recommendation should support your claim that you have considered graduate school seriously. The letters must identify your strengths that will exemplify how you will become a successful graduate student. Letters that simply confirm grades received in courses are of little value to an admissions committee, since they will have ...
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Here are four ways to make sure that you get the best letters of recommendations for your PhD application: Start early. Starting to think about your letters of recommendations a month before the application deadline won't cut it. The process of collecting quality letters of recommendation takes time and requires a fair amount of networking.
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Use this outline as a letter of recommendation template in which to input your candidate's achievements, skills, and traits. Note that the flow of information moves the reader into greater detail, using form phrases and transitions that increase the readability of the letter. 1. Greeting to the recipient.
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Graduate school recommendation letter example The following is an example of a graduate school recommendation letter: Clayton Bishop Associate professor of communication (225) 555-0100 [email protected]. Dear Dr. Ronald Palmer: It's with great pride I recommend Shane Donovan for admission into the organizational communication master's program at Bridge Road University.
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If you need a LOR for Ph.D., here is everything that you need to know including guidelines and a useful sample. A well-crafted Letter of Recommendation is a crucial component of any PhD application, serving as a testament to the candidate's academic abilities, research potential, and character. It provides the admissions committee with valuable insights from a third-party perspective, often ...
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The following people make the best recommendation letter writers: · Someone who knows you well. · Someone who's class you have taken/currently in. · Someone with the title of "Professor". · A professor at the school granting your undergraduate degree. · Someone who has earned the degree which you are seeking in your graduate work.
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Letters of recommendation should come from academic or professional references who know you well and are qualified to evaluate your potential for graduate study. It is strongly recommended that at least one of these letters be from a university professor familiar with your academic work. Refer to your graduate program's website to check ...
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Navigating the graduate school application process can be an exciting, yet overwhelming experience. After all, it's not just a matter of obtaining a transcript and a check — personal statements often need to be written, resumes have to be updated and letters of recommendation need to be procured. A letter of recommendation can be exactly what an application needs to boost it above the rest ...
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Letter of recommendation writing tips. Keep it positive. Your letter should confirm that you believe the person is a strong candidate for the job with no reservations. Avoid any comments that might suggest otherwise. Try to use words that will make an impact on the reader. Use a standard business letter format and tone.
advisor
So it will likely be difficult for whoever receives the letter to judge you properly - either because the letter is not written in the usual way, or because whoever reads it knows that the writer did not have experience with recommendation letters. And finally, it will be hard for a PhD/postdoc to make meaningful comparison over a large sample ...
How to Write a Strong Letter of Recommendation for College
1. Open with a formal salutation. Your letter of recommendation should begin like any business letter. Keep in mind that, while common, "Dear Sir or Madam," can feel gendered or outdated. "To Whom It May Concern," is acceptable but can feel a little impersonal. If you can, find out the name of the admissions director.
Guidelines for writing letters of recommendation (LOR) for residency
Speakers' Name:Angela Jackson MD and Bob Vinci, MDDate of Presentation:May 22 2024Title of Presentation:Guidelines for writing letters of recommendation (LOR) for residency and fellowship Needs Assessment: What specific needs assessment data did you use to establish the need for this talk?Letters of recommendation are an important part of the portfolio for medical students,

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How to Write a Grad School Letter of Recommendation Letter: LOR Outline

1. Greeting to the recipient

2. Opening paragraph: position; relationship to the applicant; general assessment of the applicant

3. Second paragraph: positive skill or trait; evidence of trait or skill; anecdotes demonstrating this skill

4. Third (up to fifth) paragraph: Other skills or traits; evidence of character and skills; detailed anecdotes

5. Final Paragraph: clear recommendation of the candidate to the specific school or program.

6. Closing line: polite offer to be contacted if needed

Letter of Recommendation Template and Useful Phrases

Introducing yourself

Discussing your relationship with the applicant

Discussing the student’s general positive traits

Demonstrating evidence of student’s character and skills

Discussing the school/program the student is applying to

Final endorsement and offer to be contacted

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