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Time Clauses: an explanation, rules and exercise

by Phil Williams | Jan 7, 2014 | Grammar | 61 comments

Thanks for this very helpful post! I’m inclined to get a bit fussy, though, when the explanatory text includes sentences such as “Though the patterns for forming time clauses are similar to regular clauses, with the same word order (except with an adverb of time first), but time clauses use particular tense rules.” Patterns for forming time clauses are similar to those for forming regular clauses, and don’t you want to pick one or the other of “though” and “but”?

Absolutely right – thanks for pointing it out.

And what about the sentence: I will lend you the book as soon as I have read it.

Hi Peter, yes that example is absolutely fine.

Respectfully, sir, “Before the first lesson” is not a clause, but a phrase. A clause needs a verb, so the construction should be something like this:

Before the first lesson begins…

Hi Karen, thanks for spotting that oversight – I will correct it at once.

Very interesting and helpful thanks a lot God bless!

would have been good had there been more explanation on the tense rules

There is more discussion of the tense rules in other articles on the site (and a whole book about them!) – please do check out the menu button under lessons, pointing to English Tenses,for more.

Thanks for your help

You’re welcome!

Hello, Mr. Williams

I have a difficulty understanding the below sentence

” I knew that if things were going to improve, I was the one responsible for making it happen. (From Atomic Habits) ”

What type of conditionals is it?

Hi Wendy, it’s being used a mixed conditional here, to use a past statement in relation to an imagined possibility – but I can see why it would unclear as it’s not the most appropriate form really. It would make more sense to say ‘if things were going to improve, I would have been the one responsible’, to make it about a past possibility.

‘if things were going to improve, I would be the one responsible’, to make it about a past possibility.” Isn’t it unlikely case in the future not past?

Thanks Kate, yes, you’re right thanks for pointing that out – that should’ve been present perfect for the past possibility, I’ll edit that.

thank you so much it was beneficial and useful for us

You are welcome!

You mentioned at the start that “Time clauses are complete ideas that require subjects, verbs and objects, but they do not always use the same verb rules as the main clause”, however, in the subsequent para, you wrote “A clause that starts with an adverb of time like this is not usually a complete idea, as they work as subordinating conjunctions”. I think i get the idea that time clauses are subordinate clauses and hence are not complete in that they can’t stand alone like main (i.e. independent) clauses, but i am confused by the above two sentences. Appreciate if you could clarify the following: a) When you say a “complete idea”, are you referring to whether a clause can stand on its own and express an idea (i.e. like a main clause can)? b) Why is it that you mentioned that time clauses are complete ideas, and yet in the subsequent para you wrote that such time clauses that start with adverbs of time are not usually complete ideas. c) Is it a case where time clauses include the adverbs of time (e.g. when)? If so, may i know why you wrote that “Time clauses are preceded by adverbs or adverb phrases that show they represent a time. These include when, after, until, as soon as, before”. In my view, to say that adverbs precede time clauses would mean that the time clauses simply start with “the sun sets” instead of “When the sun sets”. However if the adverbs do not precede (i.e. come before) the time clause and is in fact reckon as part of a time clause, then i would agree that “When the sun sets” is the time clause itself.

Appreciate your kind advice, thanks!

Regards, Tim

Hi Tim, Thank you for taking the time to point this out – apologies, you are absolutely right that the wording here was rather clumsy – indeed ‘complete’ has been used in two different ways as in the first instance my intention was to suggest a time clause is a complete clause as a grammatical unit, rather than that it makes complete grammatical sense (as in, we can present a whole grammatical scenario in a time clause, but with the second meaning as you rightly point out saying that no – it does not form a complete idea without the context of the main clause). On your other point, yes you’re right that is rather sloppy word choice – technically the adverb is a part of a time clause; it precedes the clause to form the time clause, rather than preceding the time clause – more appropriate would be to say the adverb comes at the front of the time clause. Again thank you for pointing these out, I have amended the article accordingly to avoid future confusion. It’s very useful at this time as I’m in the middle of updating the website and will be proofing all the old articles to iron out kinks like this! Best, Phil

Hi Phil, thanks. “Defining clause” meaning the main (i.e. independent clause) correct?

Ah apologies, that was poor wording – but yes, I meant the main/independent clause, which in this case defines the situation but is not actually a defining clause in the grammatical sense of the phrase – I’ll edit that!

Hello! i have a question of that exercises. The phrases that are in Present continuous, are they in future use or in present tense? If they are in future tense use, would i aplicated the future´s rule? For example : In 2, we are meeting the team when the team arrives at the station, it would be good?

Hi Nuria – you’re correct, the present continuous is being used for future meaning here, and yes your example would work fine. I appreciate this could be a little confusing – when used for a time clause, unless it’s clearly discussing a timeless rule, the present tense like that is quite likely to suggest a future arrangement.

Ok. Thank you so much. Your explication of time clauses has been usefull me. And you answering very fast 🙂

You’re welcome, glad I could help!

One additional query:

You mentioned “when talking about past or present events, you can generally use regular tenses for time clauses.” Are you simply saying that if the time clause is about a present activity (use present tense), if it is about a past activity (use past tense) etc?

Yes, though I think my intention there was to suggest it is the tense we would expect for the event – without needing to make the time clause too complicated. Often simple tenses are more appropriate in time clauses than perfect tenses, for example, because we are marking time with a completed activity, rather than indicating a more complicated time relationship. Best, Phil

Hi Phil, sorry to press further, but what exactly are you referring to when you said “regular tenses”? I simply took it to mean that when using time clauses to refer to the past, simply use simple past tense (as logically you would expect) and similarly use simple present tense in a time clause when you are referring to the present. In other words, we only need to ensure that time clauses referring to future time are in the simple present tense?

Hi Tim – generally I meant regular in the sense that they are the expected/logical tense, yes, exactly as you’ve suggested.

Dear Phil, thanks so much for your patience. Another point in which i would like to seek your advice on is again on the part where you mentioned “Time clauses are started with adverbs or adverb phrases that show they represent a time. These include when, after, until, as soon as, before. A clause that starts with an adverb of time like this is not usually a complete grammatical idea, as they work as subordinating conjunctions”.

Since time clauses are subordinate clauses, and we know that subordinate clauses always begins with subordinate conjunctions (such as when), however, based on the portion as reproduced above, it seems you are alluding that when is in fact an adverb. Isn’t “when” functioning as a subordinate conjunction and not as an adverb in the time clause?

Hi Tim, sorry for the slow response on this one; that’s a good question. You are right that it could technically be defined as a subordinate conjunction, but, for example, ‘when”s adverb function can also define “at/on which” for time, as opposed to the conjunctive use for “at/after/during” a time – as both uses include “at” for defining time, there is some murkiness between where exactly it would be an adverb or conjunction. I’ve referred to it as an adverb here to highlight the familiar word type, but its technical definition in the context of time clauses could be either an adverb or conjunction, depending on what we are demonstrating.

Hi Phil, you mentioned that “Time clauses are used in English to demonstrate a period of time based on an action or event, similar to dependent clauses in conditional sentences.

For example, I will cook dinner when I get home. ‘When I get home’ is a clause demonstrating a point in time, based on an action/event (the time that I get home), in place of a time such as I will cook dinner at 7pm.”

Are time clauses used to demonstrate “a period of time based on an action/event”, or are time clauses used to demonstrate “a point in time”? or do you mean the same thing as in a period of time can refer to a long or short duration of time, and that a “point in time” simple refers to a short duration of time?

Hi – you’re correct in the latter explanation, wherein I meant a period of time could also refer to any length of time, including a particular point in time – perhaps it would be most accurate to say a “period of or point in time”.

Thank you for explaining and sorry to probe further, but does “a point in time” absolutely mean a short duration of time, no matter how short it is?

Hi – essentially, ‘a point’ refers to a specific time relative to a wider range. This doesn’t necessarily define a duration, but typically focuses on a specific instant (e.g. “at 12 o’clock exactly”) – in different contexts it could refer to different units of time.

For example, ‘1980’ could indicate a specific point in time (‘The company was established in 1980.’) or a period of time encompassing the duration of a year (‘The company opened twenty new shops during 1980.’).

Thank you Phil for explaining. I think i get what you mean now, just that in my native tongue we tend to quantify time differently. In any case, I think what you are saying is that in English, when we say “a point in time”, it can mean either an instant (i.e. at a specific time such as at 7 o’clock or on 13th June), or it can also mean a duration of time (however short this duration is), correct?

Hi – yes, but for the most part, I would say ‘a point in time’ refers to a specific instant – the duration aspect was only really to say that what we define as a specific instant can depend on context (7 o’clock is an instant, but 1980 is also an instant relative to a century). I rather have a habit of making things complicated when I look for ways in which language can be flexible!

Hi Phil, so time clauses can refer to a period of time such as “when I was a child” – this referring to an entire duration of time (i.e. the time when I was a child), or time clauses can refer to a point of time such as “when I get home” to mean at the exact instance when I am home.

May I know if the above is what you meant when you said “Time clauses are used in English to demonstrate a period of or point in time based on an action or event, similar to dependent clauses in conditional sentences”?

Yes that’s the idea, you have understood correctly.

As a conjunction, “When” can mean either “At or during the time that”, or “After”.

Firstly, using the example “I will cook dinner when I get home”, “When” here is functioning as a conjunction, right?

Secondly, “when” here carries the meaning of “after” as in the sentence means the same as “I will cook dinner after I get home”, correct?

Thirdly, you quoted another example in “I might practice my pronunciation until my friend’s lesson has finished”. Does this mean that my practice will extend up to the point when my friend’s lesson finished, and will likely continue past that point, hence the use of the present perfect “has finished” within the time clause that begins with “until”?

Lastly, what is/are the difference(s) between your example “I might practice my pronunciation until my friend’s lesson has finished” (use of present perfect within time clause) as compared with saying “I might practice my pronunciation until my friend’s lesson finishes” (use of simple present tense within the time clause)?

Hi, yes you are correct about the uses of ‘when’. For the other example you are also correct; the present perfect indicates that the friend’s lesson is ongoing now. It could be used the same way as the present simple in this sentence without much difference, for the most part, but that current activity is the emphasis of the present perfect (whereas the present simple version could be said before the lesson has started, for example).

Hi Phil, sorry, to clarify, when you said “For the other example you are also correct”, are you referring to this example “I might practice my pronunciation until my friend’s lesson has finished”, and that my understanding of it (i.e. that the example means that my practice will extend up to the point when my friend’s lesson finished, and will likely continue past that point, hence the use of the present perfect “has finished”) is correct?

Hi – yes, that’s what I was referring to; that is the correct understanding of it.

Hi Phil, to visit again the definition of time clauses, which is “Time clauses are used in English to demonstrate a period of or point in time based on an action or event, similar to dependent clauses in conditional sentences.”, as well as the meanings of “when”, I would like to refer again to two examples “I will cook dinner when I get home” as well as another example “I loved maths when I was at school”.

“when” can mean either (‘At’ or ‘during the time that’), or (‘as soon as’ or ‘after’).

Firstly, just to seek some re-clarification, is it a case where “I will cook dinner when I get home” means that I will cook dinner as soon as / after i get home? – and that the time clause (aka “when” clause) here is used to demonstrate or represent a point in time (i.e. an instant/moment)?

Secondly, “I loved maths when I was at school” simple means that during the time (i.e. throughout the whole duration I was at school), I loved maths? – and that the time clause here is used to demonstrate or represent a period of time (i.e. a duration of time)?

Thank you, and apologies if the queries are abit long, however its just me breaking up my doubts into individual questions so that its easier to understand (for me). Thanks.

Regards, Vegito

Yes you’ve got that right, ‘when I get home’ would be used to demonstrate that point in time, the arrival at home or soon after, whereas ‘when I was at school’ would represent a wider duration of time, ‘during the period of time that I was at school’. I’m happy to help clarify; it sounds like you have a good idea of it.

Hi Phil, you have said that Time clauses, or ‘when’ clauses are often compared to ‘if’ clauses. This is a logical comparison because when discussing the future they are grammatically very similar to the first conditional.

We will see them when they get here. We will see them if they get here.

We know that we can begin a sentence with a subordinate ‘if’ clause, similarly can we begin a sentence with subordinate Time clause ‘when’ too? If yes, then would you please tell whether the following example for Time clause is right or not-

When all your dreams fade away, I’ll still shine as reality!

Hi Punyo, Yes, you are correct, clauses starting with ‘when’ can be moved in a similar way to ‘if’ clauses. Your example does work, yes (and is rather poetic!).

Hello, I have a problem figuring out how does the following sentence work. “They’ve been living with his mother while they look for a house.” Shouldn’t the sentence look like this? “They’ve been living with his mother while looking for a house.”

Very good question as that’s one that’s got some ambiguity around it. The fact is both work here – unlike regular clauses, we can use the present simple to show a temporary/process action in a time clause, so “while we do” effectively has the same meaning as “while we are doing”. Because this is possible, we tend to go with the simpler option, and use the continuous if we want to emphasise that this is a process. So, your two examples would essentially be understood the same way, but “while looking for a house” draws more attention to the house search being a process.

Appreciate your advice on the following three points.

Firstly, You mentioned at the start of this article that “Time clauses are started with adverbs or adverb phrases that show they represent a time (sometimes also functioning as subordinating conjunctions)” – just to clarify, “they” in this sentence refers to “time clauses”, and the point is that time clauses simply represent a time, correct?

Secondly, you went on to mention that “These include when, after, until, as soon as, before. A clause that starts with an adverb of time like this is not usually a complete grammatical idea, as they work as subordinating conjunctions” – just to clarify, “they” in this sentence refers to the adverbs of time (e.g. when, after, until, as soon as, before)?

Thirdly, your point in the sentence “These include when, after, until, as soon as, before. A clause that starts with an adverb of time like this is not usually a complete grammatical idea, as they work as subordinating conjunctions” is that sometimes these adverbs of time also function as subordinating conjunctions? If so, what is the difference and also when does the adverbs of time function as adverbs, and when do they function as subordinating conjunctions?

Regards, Shizuka

Hi Shizuka,

(1) Yes, that’s right, “they” meaning the time clause. (2) Correct again, this “they” refers to the adverbials. (3) The difference here would be if they’re connecting a verb clause or phrase; we may indicate a time with an adverbial phrase with a time, for example, which won’t include a verb, so in that case it’s not a conjunction. “We will come home after 10pm.” (adverb) / “We will get come after we have have been to the theatre.” (subordinating conjunction). That said, this indicates whether we have a clause of phrase following the verb but technically it’s doing the same “adverb of time” job in both cases: “We will come home [adverb of time] + [phrase / clause of time].”

I was re-reading this article when the following caught my eye “Time clauses only use different rules for future tenses; when talking about past or present events, you can generally use regular tenses for time clauses”. When you say “regular tenses”, what exactly do you mean?

Sorry I missed this one – yes, I can see “regular” might be the clearest word there, what I mean is the tense that you would expect to see, considering the usual rules (i.e. if it wasn’t a time clause). Whereas with future tenses, it’s not necessarily the same tense that we would expect if it was not put into a future time clause: I will put out the garbage. But: I am going to sleep after I put out the garbage. Phil

Hi, Phil, it should be “The team is arriving,” not “The team are arriving.” The team, in this case, is used as a singular. If you said “The members of the team are arriving,” then ARE is correct. Similar to “The staff is trying to decide where to go for lunch.”

Hi Michael, thanks for pointing that one out. Occasionally using plurals with group nouns is one of my language vices (and one I do think can be argued in colloquial usage) but certainly, for accuracy’s sake this one should be singular.

Hi dear Phil,

You mentioned that “Time clauses only use different rules for future tenses; when talking about past or present events, you can generally use regular tenses for time clauses.”. Does this mean that if we’re talking about future arrangements, we must use the present tense in the conditional sentence?

On other hand, if we’re not talking about the future, we can use any kind of tenses in time clauses. Am I right? (At this point, does this rule apply to both clauses? I mean can we use any tenses in both the time clause and the other clause?)

I have a little problem with tenses in this grammar.

Regards, Sadra

Essentially yes – it’s always tricky to offer complete absolutes in English, as there are always exceptions, but generally speaking for the future the time clauses will be in the present tense, for the present we’ll most likely also use present tense time clauses, and past sentences are likely to use past tenses. There are cases where there will be other mixes, but it’s essentially a case of logically connecting the time clause tense with the other tense – when it comes to the future, we typically use the present tense for arrangements/schedules, so this logically fits future time clauses, which will be established points in time (whereas the other future tense forms, “will” and “going to be”, usually have some determinate quality, for less established factual points in time). I hope this makes sense!

If you were to write a sentence like “I opened the tin of beans and, after heating it, ate the contents”, would the words ‘after heating it’ be referred to as a time phrase? (I note the previous comment about clauses requiring verbs). If not, what is it called?

This is part of an ongoing conversation about correct use of commas, specifically whether a comma is required before the ‘and’, and I want to be technically correct when describing sentence structure!

That could be described as a time phrase, yes, or more technically an adverbial of time (as you rightly say not a clause as there’s no verb). The comma might be a bit debatable, not everyone would agree, but I would personally suggest it is necessary there, as you are using the commas to parenthesise the phrase in an unexpected/not typical location (as the time phrase would usually come at the end).

Hope this helps!

Just to be clear, I’m happy about the commas round ‘after heating it’, the question now is whether you need a comma before the ‘and’, i.e. “I opened the tin of beans, and, after heating it, ate the contents”.

From what I’ve read elsewhere it seem that adding commas before conjunctions depends on sentence length and is a bit of a grey area.

I can see, for example, that it might be necessary if I wrote “It was only after spectacularly failing my cordon bleu culinary course that I opened the tin of beans, and, after heating it, ate the contents to assuage my bitter disappointment”.

Is this comma necessary, and is there a rule I can follow, or is it a matter of personal style?

I’m not aiming for ‘stream of consciousness’, but I feel too many commas can make sentences clunky.

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Using Adverb Clauses with Time Expressions

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Adverb clauses provide additional information about how something is done. They are much like adverbs in that they tell the reader when , why or how someone did something. All clauses contain a subject and a verb, adverb clauses are introduced by subordinating conjunctions . For example,

Tom helped the student with the homework because he didn't understand the exercise.

... because he didn't understand the exercise explains why Tom helped and is an adverb clause.

Begin by studying adverb clauses which are often called "time clauses" in English grammar books and follow specific patterns. 

Punctuation

When an adverb clause begins the sentence, use a comma to separate the two clauses. Example: As soon as he arrives, we will have some lunch. When the adverb clause finishes the sentence, there is no need for a comma . Example: He gave me a call when he arrived in town.

Adverb Clauses with Time

• He was talking on the phone when I arrived.
• When she called, he had already eaten lunch.
• I washed the dishes when my daughter fell asleep.
• We'll go to lunch when you come to visit.

'When' means 'at that moment, at that time, etc.'. Notice the different tenses used in relation to the clause beginning with when. It is important to remember that 'when' takes either the simple past OR the present - the dependent clause changes tense in relation to the 'when' clause.

• We will finish before he arrives.
• She (had) left before I telephoned.

'Before' means 'before that moment'. It is important to remember that 'before' takes either the simple past OR the present.

• We will finish after he comes.
• She ate after I (had) left.

'After' means 'after that moment'. It is important to remember that 'after' takes the present for future events and the past OR past perfect for past events.

• She began cooking while I was finishing my homework.
• As I was finishing my homework, she began cooking.

While' and 'as' are both usually used with the past continuous because the meaning of 'during that time' indicates an action in progress.

By the time:

• By the time he finished, I had cooked dinner.
• We will have finished our homework by the time they arrive.

'By the time' expresses the idea that one event has been completed before another. It is important to notice the use of the past perfect for past events and future perfect for future events in the main clause. This is because of the idea of something happening up to another point in time.

Until, till:

• We waited until he finished his homework.
• I'll wait until you finish.

'Until' and 'till' express 'up to that time'. We use either the simple present or simple past with 'until' and 'till'. 'Till' is usually only used in spoken English.

• I have played tennis since I was a young boy.
• They have worked here since 1987.

'Since' means 'from that time'. We use the present perfect (continuous) with 'since'. 'Since' can also be used with a specific point in time.

As soon as:

• He will let us know as soon as he decides (or as soon as he has decided).
• As soon as I hear from Tom, I will give you a telephone call.

'As soon as' means 'when something happens - immediately afterward'. 'As soon as' is very similar to 'when' it emphasizes that the event will occur immediately after the other. We usually use the simple present for future events, although present perfect can also be used.

Whenever, every time:

• Whenever he comes, we go to have lunch at "Dick's".
• We take a hike every time he visits.

'Whenever' and 'every time' mean 'each time something happens'. We use the simple present (or the simple past in the past) because 'whenever' and 'every time' express habitual action.

The first, second, third, fourth, etc., next, last time:

• The first time I went to New York, I was intimidated by the city.
• I saw Jack the last time I went to San Francisco.
• The second time I played tennis, I began to have fun.

The first, second, third, fourth, etc., next, last time means 'that specific time'. We can use these forms to be more specific about which time of a number of times something happened.

Adverb Clauses Showing Opposition

These type of clauses show an unexpected or non-self-evident result based on the dependent clause.

Example:   He bought the car even though it was expensive . Take a look at the chart below to study the various usages of adverb clauses showing opposition.

Punctuation:

When an adverb clause begins the sentence use a comma to separate the two clauses. Example:   Even though it was expensive, he bought the car. When the adverb clause finishes the sentence there is no need for a comma. Example:   He bought the car even though it was expensive.

Even though, though, although:

• Even though it was expensive, he bought the car.
• Though he loves doughnuts, he has given them up for his diet.
• Although the course was difficult, he passed with the highest marks.

Notice how 'though, even though' or 'although' show a situation which is contrary to the main clause to express opposition. Even though, though and although are all synonyms.

Whereas, while:

• Whereas you have lots of time to do your homework, I have very little time indeed.
• Mary is rich, while I am poor.

'Whereas' and 'while' show clauses in direct opposition to each other. Notice that you should always use a comma with 'whereas' and 'while'.

Using Adverb Clauses to Express Conditions

These type of clauses are often called "if clauses" in English grammar books and follow conditional  sentence patterns . Take a look at the chart below to study the various usage of different time expressions.

When an adverb clause begins the sentence use a comma to separate the two clauses. Example:   If he comes, we will have some lunch. . When the adverb clause finishes the sentence there is no need for a comma. Example:   He would have invited me if he had known.

• If we win, we'll go to Kelly's to celebrate!
• She would buy a house, if she had enough money.

'If' clauses express the conditions necessary for the result. If clauses are followed by expected results based on the condition.

• Even if she saves a lot, she won't be able to afford that house.

In contrast to sentences with 'if' sentences with 'even if' show a result that is unexpected based on the condition in the 'even if' clause.  Example:   COMPARE: If she studies hard, she will pass the exam AND Even if she studies hard, she won't pass the exam.

Whether or not:

• They won't be able to come whether or not they have enough money.
• Whether they have money or not, they won't be able to come.

'Whether or not' expresses the idea that neither one condition or another matters; the result will be the same. Notice the possibility of inversion (Whether they have money or not) with 'whether or not'.

• Unless she hurries up, we won't arrive in time.
• We won't go unless he arrives soon.

'Unless' expresses the idea of 'if not'  Example:   Unless she hurries up, we won't arrive in time. MEANS THE SAME AS: If she doesn't hurry up, we won't arrive in time.  'Unless' is only used in the first conditional.

In case (that), in the event (that):

• In the case you need me, I'll be at Tom's.
• I'll be studying upstairs in the event he calls.

'In case' and 'in the event' usually mean that you don't expect something to happen, but if it does... Both are used primarily for future events.

• We'll give you your bicycle only if you do well on your exams.
• Only if you do well on your exams will we give you your bicycle.

'Only if' means 'only in the case that something happens - and only if'. This form basically means the same as 'if'. However, it does stress the condition for the result. Note that when 'only if' begins the sentence you need to invert the main clause.

Adverb Clauses with Expressions of Cause and Effect

These type of clauses explain the reasons for what happens in the main clause.  Example:   He bought a new home because he got a better job. Take a look at the chart below to study the various usages of different expressions of cause and effect. Note that all of these expressions are synonyms of 'because'.

When an adverb clause begins the sentence use a comma to separate the two clauses.  Example:   Because he had to work late, we had dinner after nine o'clock. . When the adverb clause finishes the sentence there is no need for a comma.  Example:   We had dinner after nine o'clock because he had to work late.

Adverb Clauses of Cause and Effect

• They received a high mark on their exam because they had studied hard.
• I'm studying hard because I want to pass my exam.
• He works a lot of overtime because his rent is so expensive

Notice how because can be used with a variety of tenses based on the time relationship between the two clauses.

• Since he loves music so much, he decided to go to a conservatory.
• They had to leave early since their train left at 8.30.

'Since' means the same as because. 'Since' tends to be used in more informal spoken English.  Important note:  "Since" when used as a conjunction is typically used to refer to a period of time, while "because" implies a cause or reason.

As long as:

• As long as you have the time, why don't you come for dinner?

'As long as' means the same as because. 'As long as' tends to be used in more informal spoken English.

• As the test is difficult, you had better get some sleep.

'As' means the same as because. 'As' tends to be used in more formal, written English.

Inasmuch as:

• Inasmuch as the students had successfully completed their exams, their parents rewarded their efforts by giving them a trip to Paris.

'Inasmuch as' means the same as because. 'Inasmuch as' is used in very formal, written English.

Due to the fact that:

• We will be staying for an extra week due to the fact that we have not yet finished.

'Due to the fact that' means the same as because. 'Due to the fact that' is generally used in very formal, written English.

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First Conditional: Examples, Sentences, Exercises

Download free lesson PDF

When do we use the first conditional?

We use the first conditional to talk about results of possible future conditions. Here are some example sentences:

• If it’s sunny tomorrow, I’ll go to the beach.
• If it rains tomorrow, I’ll stay home.
• If she studies hard, she will pass the exam.
• If you finish your chores, you can watch TV.
• If we don’t get to the airport on time, we’ll miss our flight.
• If he doesn’t call me soon, I’ll send him a text message.
• If you save money, you’ll be able to afford that new phone.
• If the restaurant isn’t too crowded, we’ll have dinner there tonight.

Download this lesson

Parts of a first conditional sentence

There are two parts to a first conditional sentence:

• the condition (sometimes called the “if clause”)
• the result  (sometimes called the “main clause”)

It is possible to reverse the condition and the result, with no change in meaning:

• If you don’t study, you’ll fail.
• = You’ll fail if you don’t study.
• If I wake up early enough tomorrow, I’m going to make a big breakfast.
• = I’m going to make a big breakfast if I wake up early enough tomorrow.

Note that when the “if clause” (condition) comes first in the sentence, we use a comma after it. However, when the result comes first in the sentence, then we don’t use a comma between the two clauses.

How to form the first conditional

Pay close attention to the correct verb forms in the condition and result:

CONDITION:  if + subject + present simple

• If we go to the party tomorrow,
• If you don’t leave work soon,
• If she gets promoted,
• If he doesn’t read the textbook,

RESULT:  subject + simple future (will / won’t, going to / not going to)

• we’ll have a good time.
• you’ll get stuck in rush hour traffic.
• she’s going to earn more money.
• he won’t understand the class.

Even though BOTH events are in the future, we always use the simple present  in the condition (“if-clause”).

Avoid the common error of using the simple future in the condition:

• If we will go to the party tomorrow, we’ll have a good time.
• If we  go  to the party tomorrow, we’ll have a good time.
• If it won’t rain tonight, I’ll go for a walk.
• If it doesn’t rain tonight, I’ll go for a walk.

Both the condition and the result can be positive or negative (with “not”):

• If you take the train, you ‘ll get there faster. (positive condition – positive result)
• If you don’t take the train, you ‘ll have to drive. (negative condition – positive result)
• If you take the train, you won’t get stuck in traffic. (positive condition – negative result)
• If you don’t take the train, you won’t need to buy a train ticket. (negative condition – negative result)

First Conditional Quiz

Variations in first conditional sentences, alternative words to “if” in the condition.

It is possible to use other words instead of  if  in the “condition” part of first conditional sentences:

Let’s study each case separately.

WHEN: When the “condition” will definitely happen in the future.

Look at the difference between these two sentences:

• If I see Sam, I’ll give him your message. (I’m not sure if I will see him or not)
• When I see Sam, I’ll give him your message. (I will definitely see Sam)

AS SOON AS: To emphasize immediacy.

• My feet hurt! As soon as I get home, I’m going to take off these high heels.
• As soon as we have enough money saved, we’ll take a vacation to Costa Rica. We can’t wait!
• I’ll respond to your e-mail as soon as I can.

UNLESS: Substitute for “if not.”

• You won’t lose any weight unless you start eating healthier food. = You won’t lose any weight if  you  don’t start eating healthier food.
• I’m not going to dance unless somebody invites me. = I’m not going to dance if somebody doesn’t invite me.
• Unless there’s an emergency at work, I’ll be home on time. = If there’s not an emergency at work, I’ll be home on time.

Alternative words to will / going to in the result

Instead of will / going to, we can use modal verbs like can, might, could, or  should . Compare these two sentences:

• If you go out in the rain, you  will  get wet. (100% certain)
• If you apply for that university, you might/could be accepted. (not 100% certain)

Use  can  in the result of first conditional sentences to give permission / prohibition:

• If you finish your homework, you can watch TV for an hour.
• If you don’t have a ticket, you can’t get into the theater.

Use might/ could  to express a possibility that is not a certainty:

• If he gets home from work early, we could go for a walk before dinner.
• If you try to lift that heavy weight, you  might  hurt yourself.

Use  should  to give advice if the condition happens:

• If your toothache doesn’t get better soon, you should  see a dentist.
• If they go to New York next week, they  should visit the Statue of Liberty.

First Conditional vs. Other Conditionals

First conditional vs. zero conditional.

The zero conditional describes GENERAL truths and facts. Both the condition and result are in the simple present:

• When it rains, the ground gets wet. (it is a general fact/truth)
• If I’m late to school, the teacher always yells at me. (this ALWAYS happens)

The first conditional describes a specific event that will/might happen in the future IF a future condition happens. The condition is in the simple present tense, and the result is in the simple future tense:

• If it rains tomorrow, I’m going to stay home.
• If I’m late to school today, I’ll miss an important test.

First Conditional vs. Second Conditional and Third Conditional

Both the second conditional and third conditional describe IMAGINARY situations.

In the second conditional , we are imagining the result if the present were different:

• If I were a millionaire, I would buy a sports car. (but the reality is that I AM NOT a millionaire, so I’m not buying that car)

In the third conditional, we are imagining the result if the past had been different:

• If I had taken the earlier train, I would have gotten to work on time. (but the reality is that I DID NOT take the earlier train, so I did not get to work on time)

The first conditional describes REAL future results/possibilities that will happen if the condition happens. Compare these conditional sentences:

• First conditional: If I have some free time this weekend, I will read a book. (it’s a real possibility that I’ll have some free time and read a book)
• Second conditional:  If I had more free time, I would take dance classes. (this is just imaginary – the reality is that I don’t have much free time, so I’m not taking dance classes)
• Third conditional:  If I ‘d had more free time yesterday, I would have cleaned the house. (imaginary – the reality is that I didn’t have free time yesterday, so I didn’t clean the house)

Learn more about the first conditional with this tutorial

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English Language Centre / Study Zone / Level 410 — Intermediate / Grammar Topics / Future Time Clauses

Future Time Clauses

Dependent and independent time clauses.

An English clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb. There are two types: independent and dependent. An independent clause expresses a complete thought, begins with a capital letter and ends with a period, question mark or exclamation mark. In other words, it is a complete sentence. However, a dependent clause, although it also contains a subject and a verb, does not express a complete thought. Therefore it cannot stand alone; it must be joined to an independent clause. See the example clauses below.

It was raining ( independent clause ) when I left the house this morning. ( dependent clause ) She went home early ( independent clause ) because she didn't feel well. ( dependent clause )

In these examples, the dependent clauses follow the independent clauses. However, you can start a sentence with a dependent clause as long as you separate it from the independent (or main) clause with a comma , as in the examples below.

When I left the house this morning, it was raining. Because she didn't feel well, she went home early.

Future time clauses are dependent clauses that must be joined to independent (main) clauses. It is customary to use the future in the independent clause and the present tense in the dependent (time) clause. Do not use the future in the time clause. Study the examples below. In each case, the independent (main) clause is in bold type.

When the movie ends, I'm going to bed. (correct) When the movie will end, I'm going to bed. (incorrect)

I'll feel more relaxed after I finish my project. (correct) I'll feel more relaxed after I will finish my project. (incorrect)

Future time clauses begin with time words such as when, as soon as, after, before, until, and while. Below are a few example sentences. As you saw earlier, a comma separates the time clause from the main (independent) clause when the time clause comes first.

When I finish the dishes , I'll help you with your homework. I'll help you with your homework when I finish the dishes .

As soon as I finish the dishes , I'll help you with your homework. I'll help you with your homework as soon as I finish the dishes .

After I finish the dishes , I'll help you with your homework. I'll help you with your homework after I finish the dishes .

Before I go home , I'll finish this report. I'll finish this report before I go home .

Until I finish this report , I won't go home. I won't go home until I finish this report .

While I am waiting for the bus , I'll drink my coffee. I'll drink my coffee while I am waiting for the bus .

While I wait for the bus , I'll drink my coffee. While I wait for the bus, I'll drink my coffee .

When you are sure that you understand the lesson, you can continue with the exercises.

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ENGLISH GRAMMAR

FUTURE TIME CLAUSES

Expressing future time after 'when', 'before', 'after', 'as soon as', 'until'.

• Dad will reply to the letter when he comes home from work. (NOT when he will come home .)
• I will tidy the living-room before I go to bed. (Not before I will go ).
• They will do the shopping before we arrive. (NOT before we will arrive .)
• She will go running after it stops raining. (Not after it will stop raining. )
• Alex will write a review after he finishes reading the book. (NOT after he will finish reading the book.) .
• I will not go home until I finish the report. (NOT until I will finish ).
• The nurse will wait until the ambulance arrives. (NOT until the ambulance will arrive .)
• Jane will call her mother as soon as she arrives at the airport. (Not as soon as she will arrive ).
• The operation will begin as soon as the patient is ready. (NOT as soon as the patient will be ready.)
• Tony will call the restaurant the moment he gets home.
• I'll contact you once I receive an estimate.
• You will be notified the minute your order arrives .
• It will be dark by the time we arrive home.
• The moment I hear the doorbell, I will put on my coat.
• I will put on my coat the moment I hear the doorbell.
• The day you graduate, your mother will be very happy.
• Your mother will be very happy the day you graduate.

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Future Time Clauses – Free Exercise

Choose the correct conjunctions to complete the sentences.

• Will you let me know   until while as soon as the parcel arrives? It’s very important and I need it ASAP! emphasising the immediacy of the action in the main clause → as soon as
• I’m going to practise every day   until when before I know my presentation by heart. the action in the main clause takes place up to a specific point in the future → until
• The deal will only be official   before once while you have signed the contract. the action in the main clause can only happen after the action in the time clause → once
• Oh no, I forgot about the homework! I will do it   once as soon as while I’m waiting for the bus. both actions happen simultaneously in the future → while
• We’re going to cover the furniture   before after while we start painting. the action in the time clause happens prior to the action in the main clause → before

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.

• They   will make make the announcement once everyone   will finish has finished the main course. 1. main clause: future tense (will future) |2. time clause with once: present tense (present perfect simple)
• Harry   is going to work works all night until the project   will be is finished. 1. main clause: future tense ( going to + infinitive )|2. time clause with until: present tense (simple present)
• While we   will travel are travelling next year, we   do are going to do volunteer work. 1. time clause with while: present tense (present progressive) |2. main clause: future tense (going to + infinitive)
• When Debbie   is going to find out finds out the truth, she   will be is furious. 1. time clause with when: present tense (simple present) |2. main clause: future tense (will + infinitive)
• Be careful, as soon as you   will open open those sausages, the dog   goes is going to go crazy! They’re her favourite. 1. time clause with as soon as: present tense (simple present) |2. main clause: future tense (going to + infinitive)

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Future Time Clauses

• Future Simple and Future Continuous — Exercise 1
• 1. Tomorrow morning Chris a speech in the main hall. (give) will be giving
• 2. I you with your homework as soon as I finish with the dishes. (help) will help
• 3. This evening we the upcoming party. (prepare for) will be preparing for
• 4. We the dishes after dinner, we promise. (wash) will wash
• 5. Claire thinks that Matthew her to prom. (ask) will ask
• 6. Amelia us when we arrive. (wait for) will be waiting for
• 7. You look hungry. I you a sandwich. (make) will make
• 8. I can’t visit you tonight because I for the test. (study) will be studying
• 9. Promise me you me when you land. (call) will call
• 10. The children when you come home so be quiet. (sleep) will be sleeping
• 11. When the clock strikes midnight, we champagne. (drink) will be drinking
• 12. The President from 5 to 6 pm. (speak) will be speaking
• 13. Listen! Someone is knocking on the door. I and check who it might be. (go) will go
• 14. Everybody thinks that they soon. (get married) will get married
• 15. She in the sea this time next week. (swim) will be swimming
• Future Continuous — Positive
• Future Continuous — Negative
• Future Continuous — Yes/‌No and Wh-question
• Future Continuous — Mixed
• Future Continuous — Positive and Negative

He………..me with my homework as soon as he………..writing those reports.

• A will help - finishes   
• B  is helping - has finished
• C was going to help - will finish  
• D helps - is going to finish

Lời giải chi tiết:

Cấu trúc đi với as soon as/ by the time

S + tương lai đơn [ will + Vo] AS SOON AS/ BY THE TIME S+ hiện tại đơn [ V1/ Ves - Vs]

Câu này dịch như sau: Anh ấy sẽ giúp tôi làm bài tập về nhà ngay khi anh ấy viết xong những bài báo cáo kia.

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Đồng ý Bỏ qua

I _______my homework as soon as Lan goes here.

A. A. will finish

B. B. will be finishing

C. C. finish

D. D. will have finished

Select your answer:          

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as soon as I finish/have finished

• Thread starter ofriendragon
• Start date Aug 17, 2009

ofriendragon

Senior member.

• Aug 17, 2009

I will go to the airport to pick her up as soon as I finish/have finished the preparations. Would there be any difference between finish/have finished here? They sound the same to me. Many thanks in advance.  

In everyday conversation, I would expect to hear either one used to mean the same thing, OFD. I think that "finish" would be most idiomatic.  

Thanks, Dimcl.  

I guess, grammatically it would be "have finished".  

Saurabh said: I guess, grammatically it would be "have finished". Click to expand...

Dimcl said: Could you please explain? What is ungrammatical about "...as soon as I finish the preparations"? Click to expand...

Saurabh said: Well, Dimcl According to me both are grammatical. However, since the words "as soon as" were used they instinctly let me use "have finished" instead of "finish". Don't you share the same? Cheers, Saurabh Click to expand...

According to me both are grammatical. I have eaten something at 1 o'clock . Click to expand...

Dimcl said: I would probably also use "have finished" but only because I'm a stickler. Many, many people would say: "I will do my homework as soon as I finish my dinner" "I will brush my teeth as soon as I put on my pyjamas" "I will wash the floor as soon as I finish the ironing" I don't believe that "as soon as" would play a role in the choice. In casual conversation , I think this would be the more common construction. Click to expand...

Thomas Tompion

Member emeritus.

I think there's a slight suggestion of greater urgency in as soon as you finish , as opposed to as soon as you have finished . If I were giving instructions I'd think the second marginally more courteous.  

Odysseus Mavrigata

• Dec 22, 2018
• To express future time, after some conjunctions: after, when, before, as soon as, until : 'He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.'

To me (AmE speaker), "finish" is fine and perfectly correct.  

Odysseus Mavrigata said: THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE IS USED: To express future time, after some conjunctions: after, when, before, as soon as, until : 'He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.' Click to expand...

The psychological benefits of finishing your homework on time

H omework has long been a staple of the educational experience, often viewed as a tool for reinforcing learning and assessing student understanding. Despite its educational importance, many students struggle with timely completion, facing obstacles such as procrastination, distraction, and a lack of motivation. These challenges can make homework seem like a daunting task. However, the benefits of completing homework on time extend beyond academic achievement. This article aims to explore the psychological benefits associated with timely homework completion, revealing how this practice can enhance mental well-being and foster personal growth.

Enhanced time management skills

One of the key psychological benefits of completing homework on time is the development of robust time management skills. When students regularly meet homework deadlines, they learn to prioritize tasks and manage their time more effectively. This skill is crucial not only in academic settings but also in personal and professional life. Mastering time management can lead to a sense of control over one’s life, which significantly reduces feelings of stress and overwhelm. It’s common to hear students ask, “ Can you write my paper for me ?” as deadlines approach. However, those who have honed their time management skills are more likely to tackle assignments independently and with confidence, knowing they have planned adequately to meet their obligations.

Reduced stress and anxiety

The act of finishing homework on time can significantly alleviate stress and anxiety. Procrastination often leads to a buildup of tasks, which can become overwhelming as deadlines draw near. This not only increases anxiety but also triggers a cycle of stress and poor performance. By completing assignments on time, students can avoid the panic associated with last-minute rushes. The psychological relief that comes from knowing that all tasks are completed and nothing is hanging over one’s head is profound. Regularly experiencing this relief helps students maintain a calmer, more composed mindset, which is conducive to both academic success and general well-being.

Improved self-esteem

Timely completion of homework also plays a critical role in enhancing self-esteem. When students finish their work on time, they receive positive feedback and grades, which reinforces their self-image and confidence in their abilities. This process is vital for building self-efficacy, the belief in one’s capability to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments. Achieving daily homework goals provides a continuous stream of small successes, each boosting the student’s self-esteem. Over time, this pattern fosters a more positive self-concept and encourages students to embrace more significant challenges, knowing they have the skills and discipline to succeed.

Better sleep patterns

Regular completion of homework by set deadlines can also lead to improved sleep patterns. When students avoid cramming their studies into late-night hours, they can maintain a healthier sleep schedule. This is crucial because adequate sleep is essential for brain function, emotional regulation, and overall mental health. A consistent sleep pattern prevents sleep deprivation’s cognitive impairments, such as reduced attention, slower processing, and memory issues. Students who manage their homework efficiently tend to go to bed at a reasonable hour, leading to better psychological and physical health outcomes.

Increased academic performance

There is a direct correlation between timely homework completion and academic performance. Students who consistently complete their homework on time often achieve higher grades and gain a deeper understanding of the material. This practice allows for regular study and revision, which enhances learning retention and prepares students for complex topics and exams. Psychologically, the regular accomplishment of set tasks, like homework, enhances mental agility and academic stamina, which is essential for long-term educational success.

Long-term academic and career benefits

Developing good habits in homework completion can yield significant long-term benefits in both academic and professional contexts. Academically, students who are diligent and consistent with their homework are more likely to pursue higher education and succeed in their chosen fields. Professionally, these habits translate into traits valued in the workplace, such as reliability, punctuality, and thoroughness. The psychological advantage of being perceived as dependable and hardworking cannot be overstated, as it opens doors to opportunities and fosters professional growth and stability.

The psychological benefits of completing homework on time are profound and multifaceted. From enhanced time management and reduced stress to improved self-esteem and better sleep patterns, the advantages extend well beyond the classroom. As students cultivate these habits, they not only boost their academic performance but also prepare themselves for future challenges in their academic and professional lives. It’s important for students to recognize these benefits and seek resources that reinforce good study habits, whether through educational tools, supportive peer groups, or essay writing service reviews when necessary. Ultimately, developing the discipline to complete homework on time is an investment in one’s mental health and future success.

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• hieumaster - 15:56:16 17/08/2021

Exercise 2 1. I _______my homework as soon as Lan goes here. a. will finish b. will be finishing c. finish d. will have finished 2. Ask her to come ad see me when she ________ her work. a. finish b. has finished c. finished d. finishing 3. After you finish your work, you________ a break. a. should take b. have taken c. might have taken d. takes 4. Oil________ if you pour it on water a. floated b. floats c. will be floated d. float 5. When he returned home, he found the door________. a. unlocking b. unlocked c. to be unlocked d. have unlocked 6. That dancing club________ north of the city a. lays b. lies c. locates d. lain 7. Almost everyone________ for home by the time we arrived. a. leave b. left c. leaves d. had left 8. By the age of 25, he ________ two famous novels. a. wrote b. writes c. has written d. had written 9. While her husband was in the army, Janet________ to him twice a week. a. was writing b. wrote c. was written d. had written 10. I couldn't cut the grass because the machine_______ a few days previously. a. broken down b. has been broken c. had broken down d. breaks down 11. We ________English this time last week. a. learned b. were learning c. have learned d. had learned 12. Is it raining? - No, it isn't but the ground is wet. It________ a. rained b. had rained c. has rained d. has been raining 13. Her family________ to America before 1975. a. went b. have gone c. had gone d. would go 14. When I arrived at the party, Martha________ home already. a. went b. have gone c. had gone d. would go 15. Henry________ for 10 years when he finally gave it up. a. has smoked b. has been smoking c. had smoked d. had been smoking' 16. Yesterday morning I got up and looked out of the window. The sun was shinning but the ground was very wet. It________ a. rained b. has been raining c. had rained d. had been raining 17. We ________ our examination next month. a. have b. shall have c. will have had d. will be having 18. Look that those black clouds! It________ a. is going to rain b. will rain c. would rain d. can rain 19. We________ English this time next Monday. a. learn b. will learn c. are learning d. will be learning 20. We________ this course before the final examination. a. are going to finish b. have finished c. will finish d. will have finished

• Hỏi chi tiết

Hãy luôn nhớ cảm ơn và vote 5* nếu câu trả lời hữu ích nhé!

• Khoa24082006

Khoa24082006 love milesuni3001(Bột<3)

1D vì có as soon as nên 1 vế là will have PP

2C vì có when liên nối giữa 2 vế

3A chỉ câu khuyên nhủ điều j đó

4C vì đây là if loại 1 

5D cái sự vc kéo  dài từ quá khứ đến ht chia HTHT

7D có by the time ngay khi sẽ chia QKHT

8D chỉ thgian đã qua trong quá khứ chia QKHT

9B chỉ sự vc này song song với sự vc kia

10C chỉ sự vc này trước sự vc kia

11B vì có thgian rõ ràng trong quá khứ chia quá khứ tiếp diễn

12B chỉ sự vc trước thời điểm thông báo sự vc

13B có before nên chia htht

14C vì có sự vc này trước sự vc kia

15C vì có sự vc này trước cái sự vc kia

16C chỉ sự vc này trước sự vc kia

17B vì shall cx là thì TLĐ và trong câu có next month

18A câu tiên đoán dự đoán trước sự vc

19D vì có thgian cụ thể rõ ràng trong tương lai nên ta chia tương lai tiếp diễn

20B có before nên chia thì HTHT

Hãy giúp mọi người biết câu trả lời này thế nào?

*Cấu trúc câu khẳng định thì tương lai tiếp diễn:

(+)S + will + be + `V_(\text(ing))`

Phủ định, nghi vấn:

(-) S + will not/won't + be + `V_(\text(ing))`

(?) Will + S + be + Ving ?

*Cấu trúc thì tương lai đơn:

(+)S + will +  V(nguyên thể)

(-)S + will not + V(nguyên mẫu)

(?)Will + S + V(nguyên mẫu)

`+)`everyone dùng với câu hỏi và câu phủ định

Bổ sung từ chuyên gia

1. D (TLHT as soon as HTĐ)

2. B (V when HTĐ)

3. A should V: nên làm gì

4. B (câu đk loại 0: If S Vs/es, S Vs/es)

5. B (find sth adj/V3-ed -> bị động)

6. A lay + O (nằm ở)

7. D (QKHT by the time QKĐ)

8. D (by the age of 25 -> QKHT)

9. B (đã xảy ra trong quá khứ -> QKĐ)

10. C (a few days previously -> QKHT)

11. B (this time last week -> QKTD)

12. C (đã hoàn thành nhưng kết quả ảnh hưởng đến hiện tại)

13. C (before 1975 -> QKHT)

14. C (when QKĐ, QKHT)

15. C (QKHT when QKĐ)

16. C (QKHT -> hành động xảy ra trước hành động khác trong quá khứ)

17. B (next month -> S will/shall V)

18. A (look that those black clouds! -> be going to V)

19. D (this time next Monday -> TLTD)

20. D (before the final examination -> TLHT)

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Tesla - Memphis

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Location & Hours

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3020 N Germantown Rd

Bartlett, TN 38133

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• 1 star rating Not good
• 2 star rating Could’ve been better
• 3 star rating OK
• 4 star rating Good
• 5 star rating Great

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Overall rating

My most recent car purchase is my first venture into an Electric Vehicle. I would have laughed at you a year or so ago if you would have told me that I would buy an EV. I would have also laughed had you told me I would buy a brand new vehicle and not used. Here's the T... skip the next eight paragraphs or so if you want to just see my buying experience. Sorry for rambling on... My youngest turned 16 this year and we were in need of another car based on my 17 yr old graduating HS a year early and moving off to a college dorm a year earlier than we expected. No more ride share for the littles. Here's how it went down. I have bought and paid for 5 cars (5 Ford's) since I had purchased one for myself. The used car market is terrible, the prices are insane, and anything under $10-$20k is a giant piece of shit in most cases. The more I studied and researched the less I was interested in buying her something used. I decided to give the 17 yr old my old Ford and shuffle the 16 yr old into Emory's car. This left me needing a ride. With all my research, I narrowed it down to three cars for me to consider. Audi A5 tfsi 45 Lexus IS 350 F Sport Tesla Model 3 Performance All of which where in my budget and I like all three aesthetically a lot. Actually liked the Tesla the least by looks. I got up one Saturday and went to drive them all. I went to Lexus of Memphis where I was completely ignored for 30 minutes by everyone. I walked all through the offices and showroom looking at all of the cars. No one even acknowledged I was alive. No Lexus for me! I then went to Gossett Audi on CP. I had the nicest kid who spent an hour going over every detail of the Audi. He was awesome! His name was Nathan Helms. Go see him! I drive the Audi and loved it. They had a bad ass fully trimmed version on the lot just for me. I almost just got it... I told Nathan that I was going to go drive the M3PM and he said "I have one on the lot, wanna drive it?" He described it me, and it was white, with white interior. I told him there was no way I was buying it. He said, "it's slow here, I got nothing to do, let's go", so we did. As soon as we got on the road he said "brace yourself, and then, floor it!" As soon as I did, at that exact moment, I knew what car I was buying. I expelled a string of joyful profanities and told him I was going to go order a Tesla. He then proceeded to tell me how he drove it almost every day himself and all of the cool shit it could do. You could tell he liked it too. I left that minute and came here! The experience here is like no other dealership. If you want it, order it in the app, and we will let you know when it gets here. That's pretty much it. I was uneasy about not being able to talk to someone about financing and rates prior to ordering and asked the people at the dealership what's up, and they advised getting my own independent financing if I needed that kind of attention. This was a little off putting so I went home and didn't order. I did more research, visited the dealership one more time with a list of questions about the car. I then decided to just bite the bullet and order the car. It had gone down some in price the days prior and they seemed to be moving fast out of inventory. The ordering process was all app based. Everything went through the app, including the financing. I ended up with Well Fargo for the loan at 3.49%. This was much cheaper financing than anywhere else I looked including USAA and three local Credit Unions I've used in the past. I took 10 days to get the car. That gave me time to get my electrical situation ready at home and install a new outlet in the garage for Mobile charger's NEMA 15-50 needs. I was going to get the full Wall Connector kit but the guy at the dealership convinced me to just use the Mobile one. I asked if I should go ahead and buy it then and he said not to worry about it and just get it when I "pick up the car". Delivery day arrives and I get there to pick up my car and guess what...? No mobile connectors in stock. So... my deduct of a star is because of me buying a car I cannot charge on my own and being so clueless on how much range I had and the major EV learning curve compared to just popping into a gas station. It took almost two weeks to get my charger from Tesla. I LOVE MY TESLA AND WILL NEVER BUY ANOTHER ICE CAR AGAIN!!!!! I have had it for two months now and I am considering buying three more because I am that impressed with the safety features, built in security, ease of use, and the amount of money saved on fuel. If you decide to look at one, please message me for my referral code. You will get money off and I get perks for the referral. Oh I almost forgot 455 AWD HP.... 0-60 in 3.1 seconds!!!!!!! This thing is a rocket and a total blast to drive!

See all photos from Adam H. for Tesla - Memphis

UPDATE 2: I should also note - when they were responding to me via the text line - I asked on February 29 about my registration packet and was told they are reaching out to the DMV (this is important). I asked again on March 13 about the registration packet and they said they would reach out to the registration team(??? so not the DMV?) and let me know. I then reached out again April 17th and was told the same thing - they will reach out to the registration team and let me know. (this was the last contact I had with them over text - they have gone 100% non responsive via text since then). Still waiting. No manager has reached out. No one has offered me any sort of real help. I have contact the states Attorney General. UPDATE 1: Spoke with them finally - and they just... can't help me. The woman who handles customer support (if you can call it that?) is very unprofessional and unhelpful. She claims it's "registration" team that isn't responding to her now. I asked to speak to a manager and she said they could reach out to me - asked her to transfer me instead and she stated that the manager did not have a phone number. I spoke to a few other dealerships to try to get some help (when Germantown location was not responding to me) and it's well known that this location is the bottom of the barrel. High turnover rates, low morale, etc... and that's pretty obvious. So I am still stuck, expired tags, they WILL NOT issue me new ones at this point in time (as stated by the customer support woman) and said they WILL not be able to in the future. Next course of action will be going to the attorney general of Tennessee I guess - and keep looking at my undriveable car. If I ever get this remedied I will update the review to let you all know how it went. I am not very optimistic at this point. Stay as far away from this dealership as possible if you can. I would give them 0 stars if possible. They have gone completely unresponsive to me - i have not received my license plate/registration packet 5 months after taking delivery. My temp tags have been expired and I have nothing I can do to fix this. So I have an undriveable car now thanks to these fine folks. Thanks Tesla!

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