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The words ‘ dissertation ’ and ‘thesis’ both refer to a large written research project undertaken to complete a degree, but they are used differently depending on the country:
The main difference is in terms of scale – a dissertation is usually much longer than the other essays you complete during your degree.
Another key difference is that you are given much more independence when working on a dissertation. You choose your own dissertation topic , and you have to conduct the research and write the dissertation yourself (with some assistance from your supervisor).
Dissertation word counts vary widely across different fields, institutions, and levels of education:
However, none of these are strict guidelines – your word count may be lower or higher than the numbers stated here. Always check the guidelines provided by your university to determine how long your own dissertation should be.
At the bachelor’s and master’s levels, the dissertation is usually the main focus of your final year. You might work on it (alongside other classes) for the entirety of the final year, or for the last six months. This includes formulating an idea, doing the research, and writing up.
A PhD thesis takes a longer time, as the thesis is the main focus of the degree. A PhD thesis might be being formulated and worked on for the whole four years of the degree program. The writing process alone can take around 18 months.
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Other students also liked, how to choose a dissertation topic | 8 steps to follow, how to write a dissertation proposal | a step-by-step guide, what is a literature review | guide, template, & examples.
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In University by Think Student Editor February 21, 2022 Leave a Comment
Waiting for your degree results may seem like it takes a lifetime. Many people can get confused about when exactly they will receive their results. This article will look at when you receive your results and the different circumstances under which you will receive them. It will also delve into how this differs from exam results you may have received in the past.
In short, the answer is that all universities release their results at different times. Not only different universities, but different departments release their results at different times. This means there is no ‘results day’ like with GCSEs or A-Levels.
Now you know the simple answer, keep reading to find out the different ways in which you can get your degree results. Also, read more details about the results you’ll receive.
Table of Contents
University degree results come out at different times depending on the university and the department. The date you started your course will also have an effect on your degree results. There is no specific date that I can give that is certain to be the day you will receive your degree results. However, there are a few dates that could be key for a lot of you reading this article.
The vast majority of courses or semesters end around June or July. These dates will be a good indicator as to when you may get your results. However, there is also a chance it may be months afterwards. For example, LSE gives out degree results in the winter. The important thing to do is check the specific website of your university and department to get the right date.
Another point worth remembering is the day you receive your degree may not be the day you receive your results. Often, certain universities will release the results to you prior to you being formally given your degree, either online or in person. We’ll get into that more a bit later. Overall, the most important message is to check the website of your specific university to find your specific results day.
Now that you know when to expect your results, it’s only natural your mind would turn towards graduation day. It is a day many people look back on fondly, and certainly one you will remember for a long time.
In a normal year, it is expected that there will generally be some talks from university faculty. This will happen before each student in turn is called up to receive their degree. I’m sure there will be several formalities you have to follow at this point. Normally involving walking onto the stage in alphabetical order. Shaking hands with the governor and receiving your degree. But they are specific to each university, so you’ll have to look into that yourselves.
However, after this, you will be let out to take any photos you want, and there will probably be an after party, or you can simply make your own of course. Believe it or not, the gowns, fancy hats and rolls of paper that some believe are only made for TV shows are actually real. In most cases, you’re expected to wear them even today! So, you’ll be able to look the part while celebrating your success. Of course, it is worth pointing out that every university may do things slightly differently. This is just a general guide as to what you can expect on the day you receive your degree and graduate.
There may be some of you wondering what exactly the result will show and how to know if you’ve done well, or what to aim for. It’s not quite as simple as results from school with a simple number or letter to show you how well you’ve done. However, the system isn’t as complex as it first appears.
A degree can have 4 different classifications: 1st class, 2:1, 2:2 or 3rd class. 3rd class is the lowest, but it is still a pass. In other words, you still get a full degree with a 3rd. It’s just not as high as the other classes.
2nd class degrees are split into 2 sections, as this is what the majority of students achieve. This is why it’s split into 2:1 and 2:2. Essentially, a 2:1 is better than a 2:2, but they are both very similar.
A 1st class degree is the best you can get at undergraduate level – you have done amazingly if you achieve this.
You need over 70% of the marks (roughly, this will change depending on the university and the year, this data was collected from imperial 2019) for a 1st, at least 60% for a 2:1, at least 50% for a 2:2 and at least 40% for a 3rd. Anything below this is a fail. Meaning you will not get a degree, so try and ensure this doesn’t happen.
Based on what I’ve just said, you may be thinking the result of your degree doesn’t really matter as long as you get the degree. But is that the case?
Well, it depends on what you want to use the degree for. For example, if you want to take a masters in your subject, this will usually require at least a 2:2. Likewise, certain jobs will ask for a specific level of degree, or they may simply say ‘a good honours degree,’ which usually means a 2:1.
Considering you made the choice to go to university, it’s safe to assume a lot of you are looking to do something competitive and difficult. If you are competing with other people, you want to have the best result you possibly can in order to ensure that you achieve success in your endeavours, whatever they may be.
While it is true that whatever the level of degree is, you still have a degree from whatever uni you attended. There is a competitive edge to the results of the degree just as there is for any other exam you have taken. So, while it may not be a requirement for the specific job you are after, it will be very helpful and useful to have the best degree possible.
It can be very frustrating to get the results back and for them not to be what you wanted or needed. This is of course disappointing. Poor exam results, or ones below your expectations are always disappointing, but you need to remember it is not the end of the World.
Yes, it is upsetting, but it is very rarely as bad as it first seems. If you got a level of degree below what you wanted, remember that you still have a degree, and the years of work have not gone to waste. If you failed to get a degree at all, the first thing you should do is figure out why. Once you know then adjust your approach. It could be seen as an important lesson for you.
There are various ways in which you can appeal a result. So, if you feel hard done by, there are ways that you can attempt to get the result overturned. You also have the option to retake your final year at university. Check out this Think Student article to find out more about 3 rd year retakes.
So now you have your results and you’ve had a big graduation day celebration (assuming you did well). But what do you do now?
Well, leaving university can be daunting, but if you have achieved a degree, you really have nothing to fear. After you’re finished at uni, you have multiple options as to what you can do.
You could take a break, maybe go travelling. After all you deserve it after all the hard work you put in. You could continue your studies to a masters or PhD level, or you could follow the most common route and look for a job.
With your degree under your belt, you should be able to find a job in the career area that relates to your degree. How easy this is for you will depend on your degree level, but any degree at all puts you in with a great chance of getting the job.
It really depends on what you want to do and why you wanted the degree in the first place. But leaving uni should be the exciting part where the results you worked so hard for can be put to good use. With a solid degree under your belt a host of opportunities become available to you, so go out there and look for the ones you want to take.
By: Derek Jansen (MBA) Reviewed By: David Phair (PhD) | July 2019
So, you’ve got a decent understanding of what a dissertation is , you’ve chosen your topic and hopefully you’ve received approval for your research proposal . Awesome! Now its time to start the actual dissertation or thesis writing journey.
To craft a high-quality document, the very first thing you need to understand is dissertation structure . In this post, we’ll walk you through the generic dissertation structure and layout, step by step. We’ll start with the big picture, and then zoom into each chapter to briefly discuss the core contents. If you’re just starting out on your research journey, you should start with this post, which covers the big-picture process of how to write a dissertation or thesis .
In this post, we’ll be discussing a traditional dissertation/thesis structure and layout, which is generally used for social science research across universities, whether in the US, UK, Europe or Australia. However, some universities may have small variations on this structure (extra chapters, merged chapters, slightly different ordering, etc).
So, always check with your university if they have a prescribed structure or layout that they expect you to work with. If not, it’s safe to assume the structure we’ll discuss here is suitable. And even if they do have a prescribed structure, you’ll still get value from this post as we’ll explain the core contents of each section.
As I mentioned, some universities will have slight variations on this structure. For example, they want an additional “personal reflection chapter”, or they might prefer the results and discussion chapter to be merged into one. Regardless, the overarching flow will always be the same, as this flow reflects the research process , which we discussed here – i.e.:
In other words, the dissertation structure and layout reflect the research process of asking a well-defined question(s), investigating, and then answering the question – see below.
To restate that – the structure and layout of a dissertation reflect the flow of the overall research process . This is essential to understand, as each chapter will make a lot more sense if you “get” this concept. If you’re not familiar with the research process, read this post before going further.
Right. Now that we’ve covered the big picture, let’s dive a little deeper into the details of each section and chapter. Oh and by the way, you can also grab our free dissertation/thesis template here to help speed things up.
The title page of your dissertation is the very first impression the marker will get of your work, so it pays to invest some time thinking about your title. But what makes for a good title? A strong title needs to be 3 things:
Typically, a good title includes mention of the following:
For example:
A quantitative investigation [research design] into the antecedents of organisational trust [broader area] in the UK retail forex trading market [specific context/area of focus].
Again, some universities may have specific requirements regarding the format and structure of the title, so it’s worth double-checking expectations with your institution (if there’s no mention in the brief or study material).
This page provides you with an opportunity to say thank you to those who helped you along your research journey. Generally, it’s optional (and won’t count towards your marks), but it is academic best practice to include this.
So, who do you say thanks to? Well, there’s no prescribed requirements, but it’s common to mention the following people:
There’s no need for lengthy rambling. Just state who you’re thankful to and for what (e.g. thank you to my supervisor, John Doe, for his endless patience and attentiveness) – be sincere. In terms of length, you should keep this to a page or less.
The dissertation abstract (or executive summary for some degrees) serves to provide the first-time reader (and marker or moderator) with a big-picture view of your research project. It should give them an understanding of the key insights and findings from the research, without them needing to read the rest of the report – in other words, it should be able to stand alone .
For it to stand alone, your abstract should cover the following key points (at a minimum):
So, in much the same way the dissertation structure mimics the research process, your abstract or executive summary should reflect the research process, from the initial stage of asking the original question to the final stage of answering that question.
In practical terms, it’s a good idea to write this section up last , once all your core chapters are complete. Otherwise, you’ll end up writing and rewriting this section multiple times (just wasting time). For a step by step guide on how to write a strong executive summary, check out this post .
This section is straightforward. You’ll typically present your table of contents (TOC) first, followed by the two lists – figures and tables. I recommend that you use Microsoft Word’s automatic table of contents generator to generate your TOC. If you’re not familiar with this functionality, the video below explains it simply:
If you find that your table of contents is overly lengthy, consider removing one level of depth. Oftentimes, this can be done without detracting from the usefulness of the TOC.
Right, now that the “admin” sections are out of the way, its time to move on to your core chapters. These chapters are the heart of your dissertation and are where you’ll earn the marks. The first chapter is the introduction chapter – as you would expect, this is the time to introduce your research…
It’s important to understand that even though you’ve provided an overview of your research in your abstract, your introduction needs to be written as if the reader has not read that (remember, the abstract is essentially a standalone document). So, your introduction chapter needs to start from the very beginning, and should address the following questions:
These are just the bare basic requirements for your intro chapter. Some universities will want additional bells and whistles in the intro chapter, so be sure to carefully read your brief or consult your research supervisor.
If done right, your introduction chapter will set a clear direction for the rest of your dissertation. Specifically, it will make it clear to the reader (and marker) exactly what you’ll be investigating, why that’s important, and how you’ll be going about the investigation. Conversely, if your introduction chapter leaves a first-time reader wondering what exactly you’ll be researching, you’ve still got some work to do.
Now that you’ve set a clear direction with your introduction chapter, the next step is the literature review . In this section, you will analyse the existing research (typically academic journal articles and high-quality industry publications), with a view to understanding the following questions:
Depending on the nature of your study, you may also present a conceptual framework towards the end of your literature review, which you will then test in your actual research.
Again, some universities will want you to focus on some of these areas more than others, some will have additional or fewer requirements, and so on. Therefore, as always, its important to review your brief and/or discuss with your supervisor, so that you know exactly what’s expected of your literature review chapter.
Now that you’ve investigated the current state of knowledge in your literature review chapter and are familiar with the existing key theories, models and frameworks, its time to design your own research. Enter the methodology chapter – the most “science-ey” of the chapters…
In this chapter, you need to address two critical questions:
Remember, the dissertation part of your degree is first and foremost about developing and demonstrating research skills . Therefore, the markers want to see that you know which methods to use, can clearly articulate why you’ve chosen then, and know how to deploy them effectively.
Importantly, this chapter requires detail – don’t hold back on the specifics. State exactly what you’ll be doing, with who, when, for how long, etc. Moreover, for every design choice you make, make sure you justify it.
In practice, you will likely end up coming back to this chapter once you’ve undertaken all your data collection and analysis, and revise it based on changes you made during the analysis phase. This is perfectly fine. Its natural for you to add an additional analysis technique, scrap an old one, etc based on where your data lead you. Of course, I’m talking about small changes here – not a fundamental switch from qualitative to quantitative, which will likely send your supervisor in a spin!
You’ve now collected your data and undertaken your analysis, whether qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods. In this chapter, you’ll present the raw results of your analysis . For example, in the case of a quant study, you’ll present the demographic data, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics , etc.
Typically, Chapter 4 is simply a presentation and description of the data, not a discussion of the meaning of the data. In other words, it’s descriptive, rather than analytical – the meaning is discussed in Chapter 5. However, some universities will want you to combine chapters 4 and 5, so that you both present and interpret the meaning of the data at the same time. Check with your institution what their preference is.
Now that you’ve presented the data analysis results, its time to interpret and analyse them. In other words, its time to discuss what they mean, especially in relation to your research question(s).
What you discuss here will depend largely on your chosen methodology. For example, if you’ve gone the quantitative route, you might discuss the relationships between variables . If you’ve gone the qualitative route, you might discuss key themes and the meanings thereof. It all depends on what your research design choices were.
Most importantly, you need to discuss your results in relation to your research questions and aims, as well as the existing literature. What do the results tell you about your research questions? Are they aligned with the existing research or at odds? If so, why might this be? Dig deep into your findings and explain what the findings suggest, in plain English.
The final chapter – you’ve made it! Now that you’ve discussed your interpretation of the results, its time to bring it back to the beginning with the conclusion chapter . In other words, its time to (attempt to) answer your original research question s (from way back in chapter 1). Clearly state what your conclusions are in terms of your research questions. This might feel a bit repetitive, as you would have touched on this in the previous chapter, but its important to bring the discussion full circle and explicitly state your answer(s) to the research question(s).
Next, you’ll typically discuss the implications of your findings . In other words, you’ve answered your research questions – but what does this mean for the real world (or even for academia)? What should now be done differently, given the new insight you’ve generated?
Lastly, you should discuss the limitations of your research, as well as what this means for future research in the area. No study is perfect, especially not a Masters-level. Discuss the shortcomings of your research. Perhaps your methodology was limited, perhaps your sample size was small or not representative, etc, etc. Don’t be afraid to critique your work – the markers want to see that you can identify the limitations of your work. This is a strength, not a weakness. Be brutal!
This marks the end of your core chapters – woohoo! From here on out, it’s pretty smooth sailing.
The reference list is straightforward. It should contain a list of all resources cited in your dissertation, in the required format, e.g. APA , Harvard, etc.
It’s essential that you use reference management software for your dissertation. Do NOT try handle your referencing manually – its far too error prone. On a reference list of multiple pages, you’re going to make mistake. To this end, I suggest considering either Mendeley or Zotero. Both are free and provide a very straightforward interface to ensure that your referencing is 100% on point. I’ve included a simple how-to video for the Mendeley software (my personal favourite) below:
Some universities may ask you to include a bibliography, as opposed to a reference list. These two things are not the same . A bibliography is similar to a reference list, except that it also includes resources which informed your thinking but were not directly cited in your dissertation. So, double-check your brief and make sure you use the right one.
The very last piece of the puzzle is the appendix or set of appendices. This is where you’ll include any supporting data and evidence. Importantly, supporting is the keyword here.
Your appendices should provide additional “nice to know”, depth-adding information, which is not critical to the core analysis. Appendices should not be used as a way to cut down word count (see this post which covers how to reduce word count ). In other words, don’t place content that is critical to the core analysis here, just to save word count. You will not earn marks on any content in the appendices, so don’t try to play the system!
And there you have it – the traditional dissertation structure and layout, from A-Z. To recap, the core structure for a dissertation or thesis is (typically) as follows:
Most importantly, the core chapters should reflect the research process (asking, investigating and answering your research question). Moreover, the research question(s) should form the golden thread throughout your dissertation structure. Everything should revolve around the research questions, and as you’ve seen, they should form both the start point (i.e. introduction chapter) and the endpoint (i.e. conclusion chapter).
I hope this post has provided you with clarity about the traditional dissertation/thesis structure and layout. If you have any questions or comments, please leave a comment below, or feel free to get in touch with us. Also, be sure to check out the rest of the Grad Coach Blog .
This post was based on one of our popular Research Bootcamps . If you're working on a research project, you'll definitely want to check this out ...
many thanks i found it very useful
Glad to hear that, Arun. Good luck writing your dissertation.
Such clear practical logical advice. I very much needed to read this to keep me focused in stead of fretting.. Perfect now ready to start my research!
what about scientific fields like computer or engineering thesis what is the difference in the structure? thank you very much
Thanks so much this helped me a lot!
Very helpful and accessible. What I like most is how practical the advice is along with helpful tools/ links.
Thanks Ade!
Thank you so much sir.. It was really helpful..
You’re welcome!
Hi! How many words maximum should contain the abstract?
Thank you so much 😊 Find this at the right moment
You’re most welcome. Good luck with your dissertation.
best ever benefit i got on right time thank you
Many times Clarity and vision of destination of dissertation is what makes the difference between good ,average and great researchers the same way a great automobile driver is fast with clarity of address and Clear weather conditions .
I guess Great researcher = great ideas + knowledge + great and fast data collection and modeling + great writing + high clarity on all these
You have given immense clarity from start to end.
Morning. Where will I write the definitions of what I’m referring to in my report?
Thank you so much Derek, I was almost lost! Thanks a tonnnn! Have a great day!
Thanks ! so concise and valuable
This was very helpful. Clear and concise. I know exactly what to do now.
Thank you for allowing me to go through briefly. I hope to find time to continue.
Really useful to me. Thanks a thousand times
Very interesting! It will definitely set me and many more for success. highly recommended.
Thank you soo much sir, for the opportunity to express my skills
Usefull, thanks a lot. Really clear
Very nice and easy to understand. Thank you .
That was incredibly useful. Thanks Grad Coach Crew!
My stress level just dropped at least 15 points after watching this. Just starting my thesis for my grad program and I feel a lot more capable now! Thanks for such a clear and helpful video, Emma and the GradCoach team!
Do we need to mention the number of words the dissertation contains in the main document?
It depends on your university’s requirements, so it would be best to check with them 🙂
Such a helpful post to help me get started with structuring my masters dissertation, thank you!
Great video; I appreciate that helpful information
It is so necessary or avital course
This blog is very informative for my research. Thank you
Doctoral students are required to fill out the National Research Council’s Survey of Earned Doctorates
wow this is an amazing gain in my life
This is so good
How can i arrange my specific objectives in my dissertation?
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Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the bloodstream. Though they play a key role in providing the body with energy, high triglyceride levels on a blood test are linked to a greater risk for other chronic health conditions, like heart disease and diabetes.
Fortunately, you can lower triglyceride levels naturally with dietary, exercise, and lifestyle changes—plus prescription medication, if necessary.
This article provides an overview of lowering triglyceride levels with and without medication and offers information on healthy triglyceride ranges as well as tips on safely reducing triglyceride levels in children.
Svetlana Repnitskaya / Getty Images
Certain lifestyle tweaks can sometimes help lower triglyceride levels by managing your weight and overall health.
Regular exercise and physical activity help the body use energy, which can lower triglyceride levels. Experts recommend aerobic exercise activities like running , brisk walking , swimming , or biking.
Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise per day on most days of the week. Work your way up to 200 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity activities per week.
Consuming more calories than your body needs to function properly leads your body to store them as fat, which can lead to high triglyceride levels. Experts recommend implementing a healthy, fresh diet to help keep calories under control and offer more nutritional content. Consider incorporating a variety of foods, such as:
A high sugar intake is connected to high triglyceride levels. Limiting your daily added sugar intake to less than 10% of your total daily calories is recommended for overall health.
To make a positive change in your triglyceride levels, think about reducing your consumption of the following foods, which are high in added and refined sugars:
Research shows that smoking tobacco is linked to higher levels of triglycerides—and the habit also increases the risk of developing heart disease . Quitting smoking comes with numerous health benefits. Check with a healthcare provider if you need assistance with or resources on smoking cessation .
No one-size-fits-all or quick-fix solution can lower triglyceride levels. The length of time that it takes to see a triglyceride reduction can vary by person and situation.
In general, you may expect that it could take at least a couple of months of diet and exercise adjustments to see changes. For reference, some research has shown that a 5% to 10% body weight loss may significantly help reduce triglyceride levels.
If lifestyle adjustments don't help lower triglycerides after some time, a healthcare provider may recommend prescription medications . These may include fibrates, prescription omega-3 fatty acids, and statins.
Fibrates are a type of medication that can help reduce triglycerides. They can also raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in people with low HDL. You are at greater risk for heart disease and stroke if you have both high triglycerides and low HDL.
Fibrates are only used for adults. Sometimes, fibrates are prescribed in combination with statins.
Fibrates include:
Omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters are a prescription medication derived from fish oil. They may treat triglyceride levels in a borderline high range.
These prescription medications differ from the omega-3 dietary supplements you find at the drugstore, which are not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating high triglyceride levels.
Omega-3 fatty acid ethyl ester medications include the following brand names:
Statins are a common treatment for high cholesterol, and healthcare providers often prescribe them to help lower triglyceride levels, too. Research has shown that adding omega-3 fatty acid medication to statins for lowering triglyceride levels can also substantially reduce the risk of stroke.
Statins include:
Experts generally categorize triglyceride levels into the following ranges for adults:
High triglycerides usually do not cause any symptoms unless they are in an extremely high range, so having regular checkups is important for knowing your risks. Very high levels can result in skin changes, eye changes, and acute pancreatitis (pancreas inflammation).
Because high levels of triglycerides are linked with a higher risk of developing heart disease, monitoring them in children is important. In most childhood cases, lifestyle changes will be the main management option recommended by a healthcare provider. This includes tactics such as:
Experts recommend, if possible, including all household members in these changes to help children and teenagers implement them.
If additional tactics other than lifestyle tweaks are necessary, a healthcare provider may offer safe prescription medication options to complement the treatment plan.
Triglycerides are a type of fat in the blood. When high levels of triglycerides are left untreated, they can increase the risk of developing heart disease, diabetes, and stroke.
Treatment options for high triglyceride levels typically start with lifestyle modifications like getting plenty of exercise, eating a nutritious diet, not smoking, and cutting back on added sugar intake.
If lifestyle measures are not enough, prescription medications may be recommended. These commonly include statins, fibrates, and prescription omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters. A healthcare provider can help you determine what the best steps are based on your triglyceride blood test results.
MedlinePlus. Triglycerides .
Wang Y, Shen L, Xu D. Aerobic exercise reduces triglycerides by targeting apolipoprotein C3 in patients with coronary heart disease . Clin Cardiol . 2019;42(1):56-61. doi:10.1002/clc.23104
National Lipid Association. Lifestyle changes to reduce triglycerides .
Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines . J Am Coll Cardiol . 2019;73(24):e285-e350. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.003
American Heart Association. The skinny on fats .
Bergwall S, Ramne S, Sonestedt E, Acosta S. High versus low added sugar consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease . Cochrane Database Syst Rev . 2019;2019(4):CD013320. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013320
National Institutes of Health News in Health. Sweet stuff .
Koda M, Kitamura I, Okura T, et al. The associations between smoking habits and serum triglyceride or hemoglobin A1c levels differ according to visceral fat accumulation . J Epidemiol . 2016;26(4):208-215. doi:10.2188/jea.JE20150086
van der Plas A, Antunes M, Pouly S, et al. Meta-analysis of the effects of smoking and smoking cessation on triglyceride levels . Toxicol Rep . 2023;10:367-375. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.03.001
Obesity Action Coalition. Benefits of 5-10 percent weight-loss .
Brown JD, Buscemi J, Milsom V, et al. Effects on cardiovascular risk factors of weight losses limited to 5-10% . Transl Behav Med . 2016;6(3):339-46. doi:10.1007/s13142-015-0353-9
American Academy of Family Physicians. Management of hypertriglyceridemia: common questions and answers .
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. High blood triglycerides .
MedlinePlus. Fibrates .
American Heart Association. Cholesterol medications .
American Heart Association. Adding triglyceride-lowering omega-3 based medication to statins may lower stroke risk .
MedlinePlus. High cholesterol in children and teens .
By Cristina Mutchler Mutchler is an award-winning journalist specializing in health and wellness content. She is based in Illinois.
Obtaining a PhD in psychology comes with a number of benefits, from the freedom to start your private practice to the chance to dive deep into research.
But if you’re charting out the next steps of your academic journey, the big question is, “How long does a PhD in psychology take?”
Ultimately, it depends on a handful of factors, but you can expect to be in school anywhere from five to seven years. 1,2 Let’s break down the timeline together and explore why earning a doctorate in psychology may be well worth the commitment.
Get Your PhD in Psychology Degree
A doctorate of philosophy in psychology is a terminal degree that helps prepare graduates for a range of professional pathways. It’s often seen as an ideal choice for students who hope to gain teaching experience or produce fresh insights through scientific research. 3 PhDs in psychology may also earn their licensure and work directly with clients in clinical settings, such as a mental health clinic or a private practice.
PhD in psychology programs may vary from institution to institution. Yet, they’re typically broken down into four primary categories:
The phases of a PhD in psychology also range from school to school. Graduate students can expect the following:
Does this mean you’ll manage each of these one at a time? Not necessarily. You might attend a morning lecture, teach for an hour, see a patient for an intake assessment, and spend your evening working on your dissertation.
Several factors may influence your particular answer to “How long does a PhD in psychology take?” These may include:
The duration of your graduate program may also be contingent upon the strength of your relationship with your mentor/doctoral advisor and, importantly, what you bring to the program, such as time management skills, motivation, and momentum. 8
Internships and clinical practicums are crucial to gaining the skills and confidence required to transition from your doctoral program into the “real” world.
The type of hands-on experience you gain—and where it will occur—will depend on your program and discipline, but PhD in psychology students usually observe a licensed clinical psychologist in action or work directly with clients or groups of clients. In both scenarios, you typically have the opportunity to ask questions and request feedback. 9
Where do these internships and practicums take place? In a range of settings, such as:
The PhD in Clinical Psychology program at Alliant International University, for example, pairs doctoral candidates with clinical practicum opportunities within the community to further your professional development.
As mentioned, a PhD in psychology usually takes between five and seven years, plus, in most cases, a one-year internship. Bear in mind, however, that the factors noted above could potentially delay completion.
There are several ways to remain on track throughout your graduate studies: 10
According to the American Psychological Association (APA), studies suggest that picturing the completion of your PhD and your future success can boost your motivation. Getting a PhD in psychology is no easy feat, but you are making a difference in the lives of others.
Alliant International University is intent on ensuring students receive the support they need to thrive throughout their academic journeys. We offer a number of resources to nourish your well-being, including libraries, labs, and online databases. Add an encouraging faculty to the list, and you can rest assured that we’ll help you stay on track.
“How long does it take to get a psychology PhD” is case by case, much in the way your clients may be in the future. However long it does take is incomparable to what you may gain from your program, from in-depth knowledge of the brain to the finest research techniques.
Alliant International University nurtures these very things. We offer two doctoral degrees in Psychology: a PsyD and a PhD in Clinical Psychology . Both come equipped with attributes that can help students flourish—during their PhD degree programs and after.
Imagine your future in psychology by exploring our doctoral programs today.
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If you're tired of AI Overviews or sponsored Google search results, this quick hack could be for you.
After Google Search launched in 1998, it quickly became the most popular internet search engine.
In one of the biggest changes ever for the search giant, Google shook up its search results this spring with a new feature called AI Overviews . For many search queries asking questions, users will now see an AI summary of an answer at the top of their Google results.
Not all users are thrilled by the new AI Overviews , however, especially those who are searching for links, not answers to questions. Luckily, Google also introduced a new "Web" search filter that gives you nothing but text-based links -- no ads, no AI, no images and no videos.
Even better, you can get those link-based results on Google just by searching from your browser address bar. We'll show you how to do it on Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari or Microsoft Edge.
Google's new Web filter is similar to its filters for results like News, Images, Videos or Shopping. When the Web filter is selected, your search results will return only text-based links, with no advertisements, AI summaries or knowledge panels like "Top Stories" or "People Always Ask."
The new filter should appear below the search box on the Google Search results page, among other filters like News, Images and Videos. You'll usually have to click the three-dot "More" menu to see it as an option.
The Web filter for Google Search will usually be placed in the menu for More filters underneath the search box.
Clicking the Web filter link will give you Google Search results composed entirely of text-based links, with no answers, ads, AI or anything else. "Web" will now be underlined and highlighted in blue under the search query box.
As with AI Overviews, we're currently only seeing the Web filter on the Chrome browser when logged into our Google accounts, but it seems to show up on other browsers regardless of logged-in status.
Google's Web filter removes snippets and other knowledge panels from your results.
Depending on your browser, it's fairly easy to customize your browser settings so that your address bar searches go straight to the Google Web filter results. You'll need to create a custom site search shortcut in your browser and then trigger that search option with a keyword or make it your default for all searches.
The critical URL that you need to remember is https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&udm=14 . The "%s" represents your search query, and the "udm=14" tag limits your results to the new Web filter.
Here's how to add the necessary custom site search for Google's Web filter in the four most popular web desktop browsers -- Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox and Apple Safari.
Open up a Google Chrome browser window, then click on the three-dot menu in the upper-right corner, next to your Google account profile. Click Settings near the bottom of that menu. You can also get to your Chrome settings by entering chrome://settings in the browser address bar.
Select Search engine from the left-hand column, then click "Manage search engines and site search" in the middle of the browser window. Next, scroll down to "Site search" and click the blue Add button.
In the resultant pop-up window, create a name for the new search shortcut and a keyword for triggering it. We chose "Old Google" and "og." For the last field -- "URL with %s in place of query" -- enter that URL we mentioned above: https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&udm=14 . Then click the blue Add button.
Now when you search your address bar using "og" + your search term, you'll get results using Google's Web filter.
If you'd like to make it your default search option, click the three-dot menu next to your new site search and select "Make default." After you make the new search shortcut your default search, all of your address-bar searches will use the Web filter -- no keyword needed.
After you create the site search shortcut for Google's Web filter, you can make it your default search engine.
The Windows browser is based on the Chromium codebase, so the steps for adding a Google Search Web filter shortcut are similar to Google Chrome. Navigate into Settings by clicking the three-dot menu in the upper-right corner, then select Privacy, search, and services .
Near the bottom of the following screen, select Address bar and search , then Manage search engines . Alternatively, you can navigate directly to that screen by entering edge://settings/searchEngines in your Edge address bar.
Click the Add button to create your new site search shortcut. The Search engine is your name for the shortcut (I used "Old Google"), the Shortcut is the term that triggers that specific site search (I used "og"), and the URL template is the string that triggers the Google Search Web filter: https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&udm=14 .
Search engines in Microsoft Edge work very similarly to Google Chrome.
To make that new Google URL your default search, go back to the Address bar and search settings page and click on the drop-down menu next to Search engine used in the address bar . Select your new custom site search, and your address bar searches will default to the Google Search Web filter.
Firefox works a little bit differently for setting up search shortcuts. Instead of using the search settings, you'll create a new bookmark with a keyword shortcut, then use that keyword in the address bar to trigger the Web filter results for Google Search. Unfortunately, Firefox doesn't let you add new search engines in its desktop version.
From the Bookmarks drop-down in Firefox, select Manage Bookmarks . On the following screen, right-click on the folder in your Bookmarks where you'd like to place the shortcut, then select "Add Bookmark." (Since you'll be triggering it from the address bar, it doesn't matter where the bookmark lives.)
In the following pop-up window, enter a Name (for example, "Old Google"), the URL https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&udm=14 and a Keyword (such as "og") to save the search filter as a bookmark. Hit the "Save" button, and the Google Web filter results will be available by entering your keyword before any address-bar searches.
To search Google's Web filter with Mozilla Firefox, you'll need to use a bookmark with a keyword shortcut.
Safari doesn't enable custom site shortcuts by default. The only way we were able to add the Google Web filter search was by installing the free Safari extension Smart Keyword Search , which enables site search shortcuts.
After installing Smart Keyword Search, the first thing you'll need to do is enable it to adjust your Google search results. Go into Settings , click Extensions at the top of the window, select Smart Keyword Search , then click on the "Edit Websites" button. On the following page, click the drop-down menu next to google.com and select "Allow."
You'll need to allow the Smart Keyword Search extension the permission to adjust Google searches.
Now close the Settings window, and click the icon for Smart Keyword Search that appears next to the Safari address bar. You'll see a pop-up window with the various "rules" the extension uses to modify searches. Click the "compose" button to start a new rule, then enter a name (such as. "Old Google"), prefix (for example, "og") and a familiar URL for the Web filter search shortcut.
The Smart Keyword Search extension for Safari uses slightly different syntax.
Smart Keyword Search uses the variable "{search}" instead of "%s" to indicate a search query, so you'll need to enter a slightly different URL: https://google.com/search?q={search}&utm=14 . Hit the "submit" button. Now entering "og" (or your selected prefix) before any searches in your address bar will return results restricted by Google's Web filter.
You can further customize your searches on Google so that the search engine only returns results based on the exact terms that you use -- not synonyms or related terms. The "verbatim" option was introduced back in 2011 and is usually accessed via the "Tools" link under most Google searches.
To add a "verbatim" restriction to your Web filter shortcut, append the attribute "&tbs=li:1" to the end of your custom search URL: https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&udm=14&tbs=li:1
Any searches that you make using that new URL will now only return text-based web links for your exact search queries.
For more, discover how to use Google's circle-to-search feature on the iPhone and five Google Assistant settings you need to change right now .
Editors' note: CNET used an AI engine to help create several dozen stories, which are labeled accordingly. The note you're reading is attached to articles that deal substantively with the topic of AI but are created entirely by our expert editors and writers. For more, see our AI policy .
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The results chapter (also referred to as the findings or analysis chapter) is one of the most important chapters of your dissertation or thesis because it shows the reader what you've found in terms of the quantitative data you've collected. It presents the data using a clear text narrative, supported by tables, graphs and charts.
A two-sample t test was used to test the hypothesis that higher social distance from environmental problems would reduce the intent to donate to environmental organizations, with donation intention (recorded as a score from 1 to 10) as the outcome variable and social distance (categorized as either a low or high level of social distance) as the predictor variable.Social distance was found to ...
The results section is where you report the main findings of your research. Watch this video to learn how to report your results concisely and objectively in...
The results chapter in a dissertation or thesis (or any formal academic research piece) is where you objectively and neutrally present the findings of your qualitative analysis (or analyses if you used multiple qualitative analysis methods ). This chapter can sometimes be combined with the discussion chapter (where you interpret the data and ...
A dissertation prospectus or proposal describes what or who you plan to research for your dissertation. It delves into why, when, where, and how you will do your research, as well as helps you choose a type of research to pursue. You should also determine whether you plan to pursue qualitative or quantitative methods and what your research design will look like.
What goes in the results section. Conventionally, the results section is the fourth chapter of your dissertation, written after you present your method of study. How exactly you present your findings differs from study to study, depending on the topic and discipline your research is situated in, the methods you used, and what kind of data you ...
Include all relevant results as text, tables, or figures. Report the results of subject recruitment and data collection. For qualitative research, present the data from all statistical analyses, whether or not the results are significant. For quantitative research, present the data by coding or categorizing themes and topics.
The results chapter of a dissertation should include the core findings of a study. Essentially, only the findings of a specific study should be included in this section. These include: Data presented in graphs, tables, charts, and figures. Data collection recruitment, collection, and/or participants. Secondary findings like subgroup analyses ...
Use Graphs, Tables and Figures. A well-chosen table or graph is an excellent way of presenting your data. However, remember that using too many graphs and charts without explaining their significance can be confusing for the reader! If you need more tips on how to write your dissertation, you should check out the rest of our academic blog or ...
Craft a convincing dissertation or thesis research proposal. Write a clear, compelling introduction chapter. Undertake a thorough review of the existing research and write up a literature review. Undertake your own research. Present and interpret your findings. Draw a conclusion and discuss the implications.
Our panel of experts makes sure to keep the 3 pillars of the Dissertation strong. 1. Reporting Quantitative Findings. The best way to present your quantitative findings is to structure them around the research hypothesis or questions you intend to address as part of your dissertation project.
Results: a detailed description of your findings and whether they answer your research question; Discussion: an exploration of what your findings mean; ... The type of dissertation you might write depends on your field of study and the question you're trying to answer. Here are some dissertation categories—a single dissertation may fall ...
9/29/2022 11:45 AM. 10/6/2022 2:12 PM. The results section of a dissertation is a data statement from your research. Here you should present the main findings of your study to your readers. This section aims to show information objectively, systematically, concisely. It is allowed using text supplemented with illustrations.
Choose the appropriate visual format: Select the most suitable format, such as tables, line graphs, scatter plots, or heatmaps, based on the nature of the data and the message you want to convey. b. Simplify and declutter: Avoid overwhelming the visuals with excessive data points, labels, or unnecessary decorations.
It provides an overview of current knowledge, allowing you to identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in the existing research that you can later apply to your paper, thesis, or dissertation topic. There are five key steps to writing a literature review: Search for relevant literature; Evaluate sources; Identify themes, debates, and gaps
Tips for each step of researching, writing and refining a PhD dissertation From initial research and writing to revision, defence and award, the journey to completing a PhD is often described as a marathon. Here, academics offer their insight on each step towards producing an original work of ...
Summarise your results in the text, drawing on the figures and tables to illustrate your points. The text and figures should be complementary, not repeat the same information. You should refer to every table or figure in the text. Any that you don't feel the need to refer to can safely be moved to an appendix, or even removed.
A two-sample t test was used to test the hypothesis that higher social distance from environmental problems would reduce the intent to donate to environmental organisations, with donation intention (recorded as a score from 1 to 10) as the outcome variable and social distance (categorised as either a low or high level of social distance) as the predictor variable.Social distance was found to ...
Depends on uni, course. i think the average is 8 weeks. Reply 13. 3 years ago. A. LMayo003. 1. It took my friend roughly a month after submitting it in September to get a MSc dissertation back. This was in the UK.
The results chapter of a thesis or dissertation presents your research results concisely and objectively. In quantitative research, for each question or hypothesis, state: The type of analysis used. Relevant results in the form of descriptive and inferential statistics. Whether or not the alternative hypothesis was supported.
PICTURE 2. Results of ANOVA for regression: Now you need to report the value of R 2 (see PICTURE 3), which tells you the degree to which your model predicted self-esteem scores. You need to multiply this value by 100 to get a percentage. Thus, if your R 2 value is .335, the percentage becomes 33.5%.
You can schedule your days so that you get more done and save some last minute stress. 2. Write your introduction after your conclusion (or at least re-visit it) Your introduction should introduce the argument you are going to make in your dissertation, while your conclusion should summarise how you have demonstrated or proven it throughout. ...
Revised on 5 May 2022. A dissertation is a large research project undertaken at the end of a degree. It involves in-depth consideration of a problem or question chosen by the student. It is usually the largest (and final) piece of written work produced during a degree. The length and structure of a dissertation vary widely depending on the ...
When do you get your dissertation results back? goodmen. 13. I handed mine in on the 19th of April so maybe if I figure out how long other people have to wait for their results I might be able to get some idea of how long I have to wait. I know it is dependant on the university but still, this thread could be useful. Reply 1.
The vast majority of courses or semesters end around June or July. These dates will be a good indicator as to when you may get your results. However, there is also a chance it may be months afterwards. For example, LSE gives out degree results in the winter. The important thing to do is check the specific website of your university and ...
Time to recap…. And there you have it - the traditional dissertation structure and layout, from A-Z. To recap, the core structure for a dissertation or thesis is (typically) as follows: Title page. Acknowledgments page. Abstract (or executive summary) Table of contents, list of figures and tables.
Experts generally categorize triglyceride levels into the following ranges for adults:. Healthy range: Lower than 150 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) Borderline high range: Between 150 and 199 mg/dL; High range: Between 200 and 499 mg/dL; Very high range: Higher than 500 mg/dL High triglycerides usually do not cause any symptoms unless they are in an extremely high range, so having regular ...
While some may compare a dissertation to a thesis, dissertations are much more substantial in scope and typically come in between 100 and 300 pages. 7 If you're unsure about your focus, we have the top 10 clinical psychology research topics to explore for your dissertation.
Read CNN's analysis and commentary of the first 2024 presidential debate between President Joe Biden and former President Donald Trump in Atlanta.
Now when you search your address bar using "og" + your search term, you'll get results using Google's Web filter. If you'd like to make it your default search option, click the three-dot menu next ...