best books for learning critical thinking

The 17 Best Books on Critical Thinking (to Read in 2024)

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The aim of improving your skill of critical thinking isn’t just to be able to reason and give logical arguments about a subject skillfully; your goal is to get to the right answer, to make the right decisions and choices for yourself and others.

Critical thinking helps you:

First , improve the quality of your decisions and judgments, and reevaluate your beliefs objectively.

The human mind is rarely objective. However, mastering the skill of critical thinking keeps your mind objective, at least about those things based on facts.

Take for example the beliefs you have about yourself; Some are based on facts, some on subjective (negative) opinions of others.

Second , become an independent thinker (learn to think for yourself); take ownership of your values, beliefs, judgments, and decisions.

Mastering critical thinking is essential , especially in our modern times, because you must:

• Make a tone of decisions every day;
• Think and come to the right conclusion fast;
• Solve (mostly alone) your problems and issues;
• Weigh carefully facts and information you receive from the dozens of sources you have at your disposal;
• Reevaluate your strategies, beliefs, and habits periodically.

Critical thinking is a skill that you must learn; you’re not born with it. To make your journey a little easier, we’ve gathered the best critical thinking books so you can learn from the masters. Get inspired to become a critical thinker in no time!

The best books on critical thinking:

Table of Contents

1. Critical Thinking: A Beginner’s Guide to Critical Thinking, Better Decision Making, and Problem Solving – Jennifer Wilson

2. wait, what: and life’s other essential questions- james e. ryan, 3. think smarter: critical thinking to improve problem-solving and decision-making skills – michael kallet, 4. brain power: learn to improve your thinking skills – karl albrecht, 5. the art of thinking clearly – rolf dobelli, 6. being logical: a guide to good thinking – d.q. mcinerny, 7. predictably irrational, revised and expanded edition: the hidden forces that shape our decisions – dr. dan ariely, 8. a more beautiful question: the power of inquiry to spark breakthrough ideas – warren berger, 9. a rulebook for arguments – anthony weston, 10. thinking, fast and slow – daniel kahneman, 11. the organized mind: thinking straight in the age of information overload – daniel j. levitin, 12. don’t believe everything you think: the 6 basic mistakes we make in thinking – thomas e. kida, 13. the decision book: 50 models for strategic thinking – mikael krogerus, roman tschäppeler, philip earnhart, jenny piening, 14. weaponized lies: how to think critically in the post-truth era – daniel j. levitin, 15. the demon-haunted world: science as a candle in the dark paperback – carl sagan, ann druyan, 16. how to think about weird things: critical thinking for a new age – theodore schick, lewis vaughn, 17. the 5 elements of effective thinking – edward b. burger, michael starbird.

As the title says, this book introduces you to the art of critical thinking. You’ll discover in it:

• What is critical thinking in practice,
• The different thought processes of critical thinking,
• How will your life be better mastering critical thinking,
• The things your brain needs to enjoy exercising critical thinking,
• Techniques you can use for solving problems,
• How to become a better decision maker, Strategies to use in your critical thinking processes,
• Ways to make good decisions when more people (not just you) are involved,
• Tips to frame your questions in order to maximize the efficiency of your critical thinking.

Wisdom comes from observation, learning, practice, and asking the right questions.

Using examples from history, politics, and his own personal life, James e Ryan shows you the importance of knowing how to:

• Ask questions and gain a better understanding,
• Get to be more curious,
• Push yourself to take action,
• Make your relationship stronger,
• And stay focused on the important things in life.

Related:  Critical Thinking Examples

The book starts with the five fundamental questions:

• Couldn’t we at least…?
• How can I help…?
• What truly matters….?

Knowing how to formulate, address, and deliver the right questions doesn’t leave room for misunderstandings, misinterpretations; asking the wrong questions will most probably give you a wrong answer.

This book (Wait, What?: And Life’s Other Essential Questions) will make you feel (more) courageous; after all, asking questions thanks courage. Asking yourself and others the right questions helps you make informed decisions and decisive action.

This book is a guide on how to train your brain to work even more for you. The author (Michael Kallet) is a critical thinking trainer and coach and gives you a practical set of tools and techniques for critical thinking in your day-to-day life and business.

If you want a clear, actionable step by step program to:

• Improve your critical thinking skills,
• A better understanding of complex problems and concepts,
• And how to put them in practice, then this book is for you.

Learn how to discover the real issues that need a solution, so you don’t waste your time in trying to solve imaginary problems. Increase your mental toughness, useful and productive thought.

In this book, Karl Albrecht shows you how to:

• Build your mental strength,
• Think more clearly logically and creative,
• Improve your memory,
• Solve problems,
• Make decisions more effectively.

Karl Albrecht talks in this book about the six functional abilities you need to have and become more adaptable and an innovative thinker.

The book is packed with practical exercises, fascinating illustrations, games, and puzzles to improve your mental capabilities.

The art of thinking Clearly by Rolf Dobelli is a window into human psychology and reasoning; how we:

• Make decisions;
• Evaluate choices and options;
• Develop cognitive biases.

This book helps you notice and recognize erroneous thinking and make better choices and decisions, change unwanted behaviors and habits.

It will change the way you think about yourself and life in general because you have in this book 99 short chapters with examples of the most common errors of judgment and how to rectify them.

If you wish to think more clearly, make better decisions and choices, reevaluate your biases, and feel better about yourself, this book is for you.

When you decide you want to study the field of logic more closely and improve your critical thinking, this book might be exactly what you need. It’s written clearly and concisely laying out for you the basic building blocks of logic and critical thinking.

The ancient civilizations understood better than us how important is to study logic and rhetoric. With the help of this book, you’ll bring back into your life these essential things that our modern society forgot and missed to teach you as a child.

Having increased logical thinking doesn’t mean to ignore your emotions. It means to start from your emotions and together, (emotions and logic) to take better decisions and see more clearly your choices to move forward in life.

“Predictably Irrational, The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions” is a book packed with examples of how:

• Irrational are our choices;
• We make decisions on impulse;
• We fool ourselves with optimism- “that must work for me.”

The author presents you, in this book, a large number of mental traps and flawed tendencies which can make your life harder.

After reading this book, you’ll be better informed about a variety of human flaws and how to avoid being trapped by irrational thinking. You’ll be better prepared to make decisions and choices based more on facts rather than subjective personal opinions.

Knowing how to ask the right questions is determining your success about many things in your life:

• Influencing others,
• Getting out of tricky situations,
• Reevaluating your beliefs,
• Offering yourself and others compassion,
• Overcoming mistakes and fears.

Warren Berger shows you in this book examples of people who are successful (partially) because they are experts in asking questions and don’t have preconceived ideas about what the answers should be.

This book helps you avoid wasting your innovative and brilliant ideas by presenting them in the same way over and over and getting nowhere over and over.

Asking yourself (and others) the right questions gives you the opportunity to display your ideas in a way that those around you feel compelled to listen.

This book is impressive because, Anthony Weston gives you a lot of excellent and practical advice, ordered in a logical and clear manner.

The examples in this book are realistic and useful, ranging from deductive to oral arguments, from argumentative essays to arguments by analogy.

Once you read this book you’ll want to have it on hand to sort out all sorts of situations you’ll encounter in your day-to-day life.

Daniel Kahneman, the author of this book, is a renowned psychologist and winner of the Nobel Prize in economics.

In this book, you will discover where you can and cannot trust your intuition; how to use the two systems that drive the way you think.

The first system is fast, intuitive, and emotional; the second system is slower, based on facts, and more logical.

The author argues that knowing how to use these two systems can make a huge difference in how you:

• Design your strategies,
• Predict consequences,
• Avoid cognitive biases,
• (and even simple things like) choosing the colors for your home office.

If you want to improve your critical thinking, know when you should use logic (instead of using emotions), and become mentally stronger this book is definitely for you.

Critical thinking can’t be created in a cluttered mind. It’s like trying to prepare a gourmet meal for your loved ones in a cramped and dysfunctional kitchen.

As if is not enough all the information you store in your mind from what you personally experience every day, our modern times forcefully adds to that information a lot of junk.

The book “The Organized Mind: Thinking Straight in the Age of Information Overload” by Daniel J. Levitin will help you sort out and organized your thoughts with the help of the four components in the human attentional system:

• Mind wandering mode;
• Central executive mode;
• Attentional filter;
• Attentional switch.

The book is showing you how you can improve your critical thinking and make better decisions concerning many areas of your life.

This book can (really) change your life if you’re dealing with procrastination, multitasking, the inability to switch off and block the outside world.

All in all, you’ll be better prepared to think straight in the age of information overload.

Thomas E. Kida talks in this book very elegantly about the six basic mistakes your thinking can make.

• The first mistake is being mesmerized by stories and ignoring the facts or statistics.
• The second mistake is searching to confirm what we already know or believe.
• The third mistake is to discount the role that chance and coincidence play in our life.
• The fourth mistake is believing that what you see it’s always the reality.
• The fifth mistake is to oversimplify things.
• The sixth mistake is to believe (trust) faulty memories.

This book can be for you an eye-opener into critical thinking, accepting who you are as you are, and improving the way you choose and make decisions.

Did you know you have a strategy for everything you do? From brushing your teeth to making new friends? From choosing a career to dealing with difficult people?

Considering you have a strategy for everything you do, it’s only logical the try to improve every day the way you develop your strategies and don’t leave it to chance, habit, or convenience.

“The Decision Book: 50 Models for Strategic Thinking” can improve your critical thinking and help you make your life easier and more enjoyable.

This book is interactive and provokes you to think about some of the strategies that don’t bring you the results you want.

It contains 58 illustrations offering summaries for known strategies such as the Rubber Band Model, the Personal Performance Model, and the Black Swan Model.

This book is for you if you want to improve the flexibility of your thinking, accept challenges more comfortable, feel more in control of your decisions and choices.

From this book, by Daniel Levitin, you’ll learn how to think critically and avoid being manipulated by things like misleading statistics and graphics, extreme view, or fake news.

The book contains three main sections:

• Evaluating numbers – how to read statistics and data to find out what lurks underneath and make a more objective analysis
• Evaluating words – how to assess the information you receive from experts, understanding the difference between incidence and prevalence, risk perceptions, and probabilistic thinking
• Evaluating the world – how to interpret scientific methods for different types of reasoning (induction, deduction, abduction)

This book will help you improve your critical thinking providing you with a lot of food for thought.

You know how in a criminal trial they call two experts that have divergent opinions on the same facts? Depending on whose side they are? This book teaches you to see the truth.

Although written in the 1990s, this bestseller book is still relevant in today’s society.

With both intelligence and compassion, Carl Sagan lays out the importance of education, logic, and science. This book will show you a ton of practical skills for assessing arguments, recognizing logical fallacies, and applying the scientific method.

Sagan felt that reason and logic could make the world a better place.

This book contains invaluable instructions on logic and reason using critical thinking, without being dull or difficult to understand.

Schick and Vaughn effectively laid out the key elements on how to assess evidence, sort through reasons, and recognize when a claim is likely to be accurate, making this book an absolute must-read for all students.

If you want to be better at decision-making based on sound evidence and argument, then this book is for you.

If you ever found yourself stuck on a problem, or having trouble in forming new ideas, this book will guide you in finding creative solutions to life’s difficult challenges.

This book emphasizes the value of effective thinking, how it can be mastered, and how to integrate it into everyday life.

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Best Books on Critical Thinking

Dive into the realm of logic and reason with this collection – the most recommended books on critical thinking, curated based on frequent recommendations from leading book blogs and publications..

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Reviews of The Best Books on Every Subject

20 Best Books on Critical Thinking (2022 Review)

September 16, 2020 by James Wilson

DISCLOSURE: This post may contain affiliate links, meaning when you click the links and make a purchase, I receive a commission. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.

Critical thinking is a skill/mindset that enables a person to think logically. Critical thinking is a vital necessity for everyone these days who want to perform exceptionally. No matter what field of life you are in, let it be a student, a teacher, an athlete or a corporate employee. There are high chances that you will need to enable critical thinking to find a noteworthy solution to your problems and be able to move forward effectively.

To enable critical thinking, there are certain things involved. These include evaluating evidence, weighing the chances, analysing assumptions and more. Once you start your journey towards critical thinking, you start to take the next steps automatically. It is a journey that takes you from assumptions to the realities that are possible.

What are the Best Critical Thinking Books to read?

With effective critical thinking skills, it is impossible for you to be fooled by anyone. You can read one’s intentions right away. You can even see what other people cannot, based on evidence and argument.

If you are looking to grow respective critical thinking skills, and want to learn it quick. We have compiled a list of books that you can read the review for. This will enable you to choose the right book on critical thinking for your learning journey.

Best Books on Critical Thinking: Our Top 20 Picks

Here are some of the best critical thinking books that you can consider to expand your knowledge on the subject:

1. Critical Thinking Skills for Dummies

Of Course, we all are already aware of the “For Dummies” series. For those who are not, this series presents an absolute and definitive guide for the beginners. With the help of this series, everyone can effectively learn the skills from the beginner level to advance. If you have little to zero knowledge about critical thinking and want to learn, this is the book for you.

The book has been written by Martin Cohen. It serves the purpose by enabling its readers to get access to the most comprehensible and easy-to-read narrative on critical thinking. The book provides you with access to several tools that you can activate to develop reflective thinking. There is also deep insight from the beginners’ level on how you can brainstorm to generate insights.

• Authors : Martin Cohen (Author)
• Publisher : For Dummies; 1st Edition (May 4, 2015)
• Pages : 376 pages

2. Think Smarter: Critical thinking to improve problem-solving and decision-making skills

Critical thinking is a necessary skill for all that are studying, teaching, or working in any part of life. It enables you to look at the flaws in a system, a story, a program, a project or virtually anything so you can effectively improve it.

This book is all about using critical thinking to improve problem-solving and decision-making skills. Written by Michael Kallet, the book presents valuable arguments that you can use to weigh your options, find the flaws and improve your critical thinking skills. This book goes beyond the concepts and is about the examples of real-world scenarios that will not only serve as a clear piece of understanding for you but also help you with the exercise and practice of such skills. The book has over 25 tools for critical thinking with real-world examples.

• Authors : Michael Kallet (Author)
• Publisher : Wiley; 1st Edition (April 7, 2014)
• Pages : 240 pages

3. Critical Thinking (10th Edition)

There are levels of Critical thinking classified with the understanding and utilization level of the students. The course enables students to think logically and critically not only in the class but in the real-world to make effective decisions.

It will not be wrong to call this book the most taught textbook on critical thinking subjects. The book is written by Brooke Noel Moore and Richard Parker. It presents the students with a buffet of examples and exercises that they can perform within or outside the class to enable their critical thinking skills and do well in their life. The book presents a highly understandable version of critical thinking in Moore’s famous, engaging narrative.

• Authors : Brooke Noel Moore (Author), Richard Parker (Author)
• Publisher : McGraw-Hill; 10th Edition (January 1, 2012)
• Pages : 576 pages

4. Critical Thinking: Tools for taking charge of your learning and your life (3rd Edition)

Critical thinking has become highly popular in the last couple of decades. It enables you with an approach of integration and making decisions based on viable arguments and evidence instead of hallow words. The sixth sense is a thing, but weighing your arguments and the right evidence laying in front of you is what critical thinking enables you to do.

Written by two experts of the field Richard Paul, and Linda Elder, this book presents its readers with a huge list of interactive tools that they can learn to utilize in their learning journey towards critical thinking. This book is focused on a comprehensive and practical approach to critical thinking that is to be used in everyday life. With this book, you can get your hands on some new diagrams that will enhance your decision-making skills.

• Authors : Richard Paul (Author), Linda Elder (Author)
• Publisher : Pearson; 3rd Edition (November 20, 2019)
• Pages : 528 pages

5. The power of Critical Thinking: Effective Reasoning about Ordinary and Extraordinary claims

Critical thinking is a power that takes you from assuming to believing. It enables you to understand the truth laying behind the valid evidences that someone is trying to hide it from you. It is a skill to believe in the true version of events instead of hallow words.

Written by Lewis Vaughn, this book is the right read for you if you are looking to enable and use critical thinking in your daily routine. The book enables you access to a wide range of tools you need to apply for critical thinking in daily life. It provides a perspective understandable and applicable by students, teachers, corporate workers, and normal people alike. Including scientific reasoning, evidence, authority, and visual reasoning this book can enable you to get the skills of critical thinking in a commendable manner.

• Authors : Lewis Vaughn (Author)
• Publisher : Oxford University Press; 6th Edition (September 20, 2018)
• Pages : 600 pages

6. Critical Thinking, Reading and Writing: A Brief Guide to Argument (9th Edition)

If you are a reader, student or an individual with a job requirement of reading and getting the right information. This book is the right guide for you. This book is a comprehensive, compact guide for all those who want to learn the right skillset to weigh arguments based on validity and authority.

The book presents you with a number of real-life examples that will enable you to understand the fundamentals of skimming through the information and improve your analysis to reach the right conclusion. Written by Sylvan Barnet, Hugo Bedau, and John O’Hara this book has all the information and guidance to enable critical thinking and create valid arguments based on facts and figures.

• Authors : Sylvan Barnet (Author), Hugo Bedau (Author), John O’Hara (Author)
• Publisher : Bedford/St. Martin’s; Ninth Edition (October 4, 2016)

7. Critical Thinking (11th Edition)

Critical thinking is being taught as a course in most schools. It enables the students to make the right decisions in life effectively and to weigh the chances for their success. Critical thinking is a necessary tool for all who want to survive in this highly competitive world and outperform their selves every day.

It will not be wrong to call this book a Textbook. Written by Brooke Noel Moore, and Richard Parker this book contains a unique and interactive approach towards learning the skills required to enable critical thinking. There are real-world applications that enable the students and instructors alike to understand the concepts better. The book is a great help for not only scoring grades in the course but also being able to use the concepts and learnings effectively in daily routine.

• Publisher : McGraw-Hill Education; 11th Edition (January 15, 2014)
• Pages : 512 pages

8. Models for Critical Thinking: A fundamental guide to effective decision making, deep analysis, Intelligent reasoning, and independent thinking

Critical thinking has benefits far more reasonable and useful beyond the academic career. While there are no doubts about the importance of critical thinking for educational purposes. There are also a number of other applications that you can use critical thinking to analyse and understand the process of certain things going around.

Written by Albert Rutherford, this book is a marvel of critical thinking. With this book, you can get your hands on some advance concepts and techniques used to enable critical thinking. And the best part is, there are also numerous applications including that will enable you to enhance your critical thinking skills. The book contains elaborative insight on how you can apply logic to analyse and everyday events around you and use that to save yourself from getting tricked or manipulated.

• Authors : Albert Rutherford (Author)
• Publisher : Independently published (October 17, 2018)
• Pages : 278 pages

9. LOGITICA: Improve your critical thinking and problem-solving skills: the brain behind the brain

Problem-solving skills rely greatly on critical thinking. To understand an error in your work and to effectively eliminate that requires a deeper sense of understanding towards the comprehension of the reasons that may have caused the error and how you can improve.

This book is based on logistical facts and figures rather than assumptions, that could have been true. Logics presents you with a more accurate opportunity and approach towards improving our problem-solving skills. Written by Neelabh Kumar, this book is a right guide for all those who want to understand an in-depth perspective of what may have caused an error and how you can eliminate the possibility of recurrence through enhances critical thinking skills.

• Authors : Neelabh Kumar (Author)
• Publisher : Independently published (January 8, 2019)
• Pages : 329 pages

10. A workbook for arguments, Second Edition: A complete course in critical thinking

This second edition of a highly popular guide on critical thinking contains all major improvements that back the fundamentals of the first edition. However, advancement and revelations are continued and this book is the right example of moving forward in your journey of learning critical thinking efficiently.

The book is written by David R. Morrow and Anthony Weston. In this book, they present an understandable and easy to imply narrative towards critical thinking. The book contains elaborative information on all the exercises of critical thinking. Also, it has improved and enhanced version of scientific reasoning that was discussed in earlier edition. This is a perfect workbook for all the students and those who are looking to improve their critical thinking skills.

• Authors : David R. Morrow (Author), Anthony Weston (Author)
• Publisher : Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.; Second Edition (November 1, 2015)

11. From Critical Thinking to Argument: A Portable Guide (5th Edition)

Critical Thinking is a valuable skill for all, especially the writers. While other people have to self-analyse and use the information for their own improvements and apply them their selves. Writers are required to craft the arguments based on the information and their critical thinking skills.

This book is written by Sylvan Barnet, Hugo Bedau, and John O’Hara. It is a handbook that is compact and has a precise narrative to not only enhance critical thinking skills but also to improve the knowledge. The book contains practical exercises on how one can effectively craft the arguments based on facts, figures, and assumptions that might come true.

• Publisher : Bedford/St. Martin’s; Fifth Edition (December 22, 2016)
• Pages : 432 pages

12. Critical Thinking: The effective Beginner’s guide to master logical facilities using a scientific approach and improve your rational thinking skills with problem-solving tools to make better decisions

Thinking deep and analytically requires you to work on your thinking process and analyse the information effectively. These are some skills that require you to work on yourself and the way you look at things. It includes changing your narrative towards the things that might be causing hindrance in your thinking process and clouding your judgment.

The book is written & published by Travis Holiday, and Kevin Hollins. This is the right guide for all the beginners to start thinking rationally and based on the facts that are affecting things around you. There are indicators that allow you to see the reality hidden behind things and words with absolute meaning. However, there are deeper practices along the way and you must understand those to start thinking effectively the right possible way. This book is the right guide that will take you from beginner to master-level critical thinking approach through its easy to understand and imply a narrative.

• Authors : Travis Holiday (Author), Kevin Hollins (Author)
• Publisher : Independently published (September 18, 2019)
• Pages : 210 pages

13. Critical Thinking (12th Edition)

Researches are being conducted daily on critical thinking. With each passing day, there are new and more effective concepts that are being discovered and proven right. These concepts are not a denial to older ones but strengthen their validity. If you are looking to get your hands on some of the latest concepts of Critical thinking, this is the right book for you.

Written by Brooke Noel Moore and Richard Parker, this book presents you with the most up-to-date concepts of critical thinking. It has an improved narrative and hundreds of latest examples based on real-world scenarios that will enable you to think critically and improve your decision-making skills in every part of your life.

• Publisher : McGraw-Hill Higher Education; 12th Edition (October 25, 2016)

14. The basics of Critical Thinking

Young minds are more interesting and they are more curious. Curiosity is considered the first step toward critical thinking. It is believed that habits made in early age stays with you for life. Critical thinking is more of a habit, a lifestyle than a skill set that you can earn over time. Hence, this book presents a version of basic tools that can enable younger minds to get hold of the basics of critical thinking.

The book follows simple English with a narrative that is easier to understand for children. To increase interest, this book contains a colourful and image-based description of things. The book is written by Michael Baker. While it is intended for younger people, that does not mean adults cannot read it. For all those who want to learn the fundamentals of critical thinking and to enable their selves to analyse things effectively, this book is a worthy read.

• Authors : Michael Baker (Author), Children’s Books – Educational (Introduction)
• Publisher : The Critical Thinking Co. (January 1, 2015)
• Pages : 152 pages

15. Tools of Critical Thinking: Meta thoughts of psychology, second edition.

While there are other books that focus on basics and how you can start analysing things and events to think critically. This book is focused more on in-depth analysis and understanding of psychology involved behind decision making and critical thinking approach.

Written by David A. Levy, this book presents a highly understandable narrative and approach towards thinking critically and to understand how human psychology works towards it. If you are having problems in thinking critically due to the emotions attached and are unable to get ahead of these. This book is the perfect guide for you.

• Authors : David A. Levy (Author)
• Publisher : Waveland Pr Inc; 2nd Edition (September 1, 2009)
• Pages : 298 pages

16. Your Deceptive Mind: A Scientific guide to critical thinking skills

Our minds can often deceive us to think differently, while the truth is looking right in your eyes. Being said that, human judgment and decision making can often be clouded by certain feelings that are attached to it. There is no denial to it that sometimes we are unable to look at the reality because of our emotions and feelings.

This book is the right guide for all those who think that they are lacking in any field of life due to their emotions and being unable to think critically on the subject. The book presents you with a blunt and harsh narrative to stop relying on emotions and scientifically understand the factors that are stopping you from thinking critically and efficiently. It is written by Steven Novella and published by The Great Courses. The book also includes a critical toolbox that you can use to access the quality of information and skillset required to think critically.

• Authors : Professor Steven Novella (Author), Yale School of Medicine (Foreword)
• Publisher : The Great Courses (January 1, 2012)

17. Master Critical Thinking: Think Intelligently, Improve Problem-Solving Skills, make better Decisions, and Upgrade your life.

To master critical thinking, one must have several goals. The goals can be thinking intelligently and enable enhanced thinking, improving your problem-solving skills or simply making better decisions in everyday life.

Whatever your goals may be, critical thinking is the right approach towards upgrading your life with the help of improving each decision and backing it based on solid arguments instead of vague assumptions and emotions attached to it that can be deceiving at times. If you often struggle with the urge to make the right decision and want to get over with the gut feelings you have. This book will guide you to start thinking critically instead of simply relying on emotions and assumptions.

• Authors : Henrik Rodgers (Author)
• Publisher : Independently published (July 9, 2019)
• Pages : 116 pages

18. Critical Thinking: The Beginners User manual to Improve your communication and self-confidence skills Every day. The Tools and the concepts for problem-solving and decision making.

To learn from your own failures is the right way to understand and not make those mistakes again. It is the best practice to improve your own-self. However, to improve and to correct your own mistakes, the right approach is to realise them. While there are people, who can turn a blind eye towards their own mistakes. This book is the right guide that teaches you how not to. The book contains great insight into self-realization and how you can use it to improve your own thinking skills.

The book is written by Jacko Babin and Ray Manson. It contains elaborative insight on how you can effectively stop second-guessing yourself and have a confident approach towards improving the mistakes. Once you have realized your own mistakes, the rest of the journey becomes easier for you. The book also contains numerous real-life examples that will help you understand these concepts in a much better way.

• Authors : Jocko Babin (Author), Ray Manson (Author)
• Publisher : Independently published (March 9, 2019)
• Pages : 147 pages

19. A concise guide to critical thinking (1st Edition)

Lewis Vaughn is considered an expert on the subject of critical thinking. He has written several books covering the topic. His books contain an in-depth analysis of how you can enable critical thinking in your daily routine and what might be stopping you from doing so.

This book, however, can be deemed as a complete summary of concepts being advocated by him. Along with the guidance on covering the obstacles that are stopping you and enabling your mind to think critically. This book contains a highly understandable and easy to follow the narrative that will be great for all the beginners to understand and imply critical thinking from scratch to master level.

• Publisher : Oxford University Press; Annotated – Illustrated Edition (October 1, 2017)
• Pages : 352 pages

20. The miniature guide to critical thinking concepts and tools (Thinker’s guide library)

If you are looking to master critical thinking and do not have time to read extensive concepts and get yourself indulged with the psychic or scientific approach. This is the book for you. This book presents a concise and to-the-point approach to critical thinking concepts and tools.

Written by Richard Paul and Linda Elder, the book does not only contain all the information required to understand the concepts on critical thinking but also how you can imply those in your daily life to enhance your decision making and critical thinking skills effectively. The book presents a short and easy to follow approach towards the subject.

• Publisher : The Foundation for Critical Thinking; Eighth Edition (September 20, 2019)
• Pages : 48 pages

Choosing the Best Critical Thinking Books

Critical thinking is not just a skill-set. It is a way of life that enables you to make the right decisions in every part of life. It also enables you to understand the things, events and the factors involved behind them efficiently. With the help of critical thinking, you can analyse the events and decisions unbiased by any sort of feelings or attachments.

We have gone through these books and compiled a list of critical reviews on these books. If you are looking to start thinking critically and are unsure of where to start. This guide will definitely help you to choose the right book to aid your learning journey.

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14 Of The Best Critical Thinking Books That Come Packed With Examples

Anthony metivier.

• December 12, 2022
• Critical Thinking

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However, few of them come packed with examples.

Even fewer come with exercises. 

Examples and exercises are important because critical thinking is not just something you learn. 

It’s something you develop through practical application. 

Here’s another problem that might be frustrating you if you’re looking for the best critical thinking books:

A lot of them are either irrelevant, “dumbed-down” for the mass market, or already abandoned by their authors.

For example, the famous Thinking, Fast and Slow on just about every list has big problems. 

Its author, Daniel Khaneman has agreed that several entire chapters need to be removed in a future edition. 

The reproducibility problem. Many of the studies he refers to weren’t scientifically valid. 

But critical thinking is based on reproducible models.

So on this page, let’s dig into a comprehensive list of critical thinking books that won’t go out of date.

The 14 Best Critical Thinking Books Packed With Examples For Improving Your Mind

As you go through these examples, consider your specific goals.

As you’ll see, each of these examples are related, but each has different strengths. 

You’ll want to beef up on each of these areas, but as you gather your collection, I suggest you start with where you currently feel you need the most help. 

One: Scientific Critical Thinking

In Critical Thinking for Better Learning: New Insights from Cognitive Science , Carole Hamilton helps you understand how the brain creates categories in the mind. 

Knowledge of how your mind works helps you tap into how your memory deals with examples and analogies that can improve your thinking skills.

Some of the best parts of this book teach you:

• How to study topics thoroughly so that you can think critically about them.
• How to develop creative analogies so you can see the “shape” and dynamics of larger topics. 
• Threshold concepts, which are “the central, defining truths in a given discipline, the ideas that open a gateway to deeper understanding.”
• Why some ideas are obvious to certain people but take others a long time to learn.

As an example of how this book helped me, when I was working on my Art of Memory project, it reminded me to read both the historical summary and also the specific books about memory during that period. This is what Hamilton means by knowing the “shape” of a topic.

Other great aspects of this book include its points on:

• How beliefs can distort facts
• Who really benefits and who suffered from environmental damage in the world
• The concept of opportunity cost
• How to assess critical thinking

It gives examples of each and concludes strong with its best tip: 

Study real problems and how they were solved, and then recall these frequently to test your memory for accuracy about the details. 

Two: A Jargon Free Toolkit

Critical thinking often involves a lot of complex terminology. You have to learn about antecedents in logic and the concept of paraconsistencies .

But if you’re just beginning and don’t have a Memory Palace , such terms can be hard to learn and remember. 

Enter The Critical Thinking Toolkit .

This book provides a wonderful introduction with examples from:

• Political science

Three: How To Think About Arguments

We all get into arguments.

That’s not a problem, but the ways we use language while arguing often causes more problems than necessary. 

Enter The Uses of Argument by Stephen E. Toulmin.

But in this excellent book, Toulmin shows you:

• What it means to make a valid argument
• How to lay out valid arguments
• The difference between working logic and idealised logic
• How that validity must be intra-field, not inter-field (so that you approach critical thinking comparatively)

It boils down to this:

Arguments have patterns and we can learn to perceive those patterns. 

One pro tip in this book is to find ways to see logic and critical thinking as historical. 

When you know how logic has changed over time, you’re able to note the patterns that shape how we communicate and use them better. 

That’s just one benefit. Here are 11 more benefits of critical thinking you can expect after reading the books on this page.

Four: Validity In Your Thinking

I’ll never forget hearing The Amazing Kreskin discuss hypnosis. He said:

“Hypnosis is nothing more than the acceptance of a suggestion.”

If you don’t have much time to learn how this is happening to you, I suggest Critical Thinking : A Concise Guide by Tracy Bowell and Gary Kemp.

This book’s strength is how it helps you determine whether an argument is valid. 

To do so, the authors teach you the connection between critical thinking and symbolic logic, informal logic and formal logic.

You also learn how to determine which parts of an argument are relevant. You get real world examples with detailed commentary on each.

A v Hoare is one of my favorite examples. In it, you learn about how the amount of detail shapes our perceptions. You also learn how to determine what information is valuable to properly assess the context and shape of an argument.

Five: How To Stop Thinking Against Yourself

I used to think very darkly. 

Little did I know that I was using my thoughts against myself, practically making it impossible to see opportunities.

Then I discovered The Luck Factor by Richard Wiseman.

This book not only goes through numerous examples of how people use cynical thinking against themselves. It also gives powerful exercises that help your critical thinking skills see opportunities your own thinking patterns might be hiding from you.

Six: Understanding Your Personality

That’s why I recommend Stuart Hanscomb’s Critical Thinking: The Basics .

Looking at your personal dispositions can help you avoid many of the problems created by emotions and cognitive biases . 

You may even want to go further by looking into the OCEAN model to help better understand how your personality might help or hinder your thinking abilities.

Either way, Hanscomb’s book is great. Pay extra attention to the final chapter. It’s pack with additional examples of fallacies you’ll want to avoid. 

Seven: Simple, But Not “Dumbed Down”

Crit ical Thinking Skills For Dummies , like many books in the “dummies” series is actually quite valuable.

Its biggest strengths are: 

• Strong examples of false dichotomies
• How to avoid logical pitfalls
• Examples of key arguments

Pay special attention to the final chapter and its list of “arguments that changed the world.” These are interesting and useful case studies. 

Eight: Thinking On Autopilot

One of the most challenging critical thinking examples to work through involves the topic of free will.

My favorite book on the topic is also one of the most hotly contested. 

But it’s the examples in Free Will by Sam Harris that really bring it all together.

And although Daniel Dennet strongly disagrees with its thesis, going through the for and against will give your thinking abilities a stretch.

Without a doubt, contending with the issue of free will is one of the best ways you can practice critical thinking. It will also give you a better understanding of human consciousness too. 

Nine: The Humpty Dumpty Of Thought

As the cohost of Philosophy Bites , a fantastic philosophy podcast, Warburton has packed this book with excellent critical thinking tools to up your game.

Some of my favorites include:

Weasel Words

“Advertisers who declare the food they are selling to be a ‘healthier alternative’ need to specify precisely what the food is healthier than and why. If they cannot do this, then the weasel words ‘healthier alternative’ are meaningless – mere rhetoric”

Humptydumptying

Giving private meanings to words in common use

‘When I use a word,’ Humpty Dumpty answers, in rather a scornful tone, ‘it means just what I choose it to mean — neither more nor less.’

Ten: The Power of Analysis

This book proves a number of self assessment activities, including several sub-skills, such as identifying similarities and differences.

It also includes material on:

• Note taking in a critical manner
• Critical writing
• Reflective thinking tips as a mental discipline
• Multiple models of reflective thinking
• Bonus practice activities

If you do any kind of reading and writing, this book is a must. 

Eleven: Improve Your Research Skills

If you do anything involved in research, you know just how difficult interpreting data accurately can be. 

In this book, you’ll learn all about:

• How to seek trustworthy knowledge
• How to understand the role of hypothetical questions
• How samples are chosen and validated
• Aspects that threaten the validity of a research project
• The role of ethics in research
• Examples of multiple studies in different fields of interest

There are a large number of practice articles too. These will help you better engage with scientific reporting you encounter in the media. 

Twelve: Avoiding Errors

If you’re like me, you probably prefer to avoid mistakes whenever possible. 

This book exposes the many poor thinking habits we have. Here are just a few the book covers and then repairs:

• Being in a hurry
• Missing a deadline
• Faulty cost analyses
• Failing to ask for help

I’ve personally found this book helpful, especially when dealing with customers and personal coaching clients. It’s great to be able to ascertain what errors people are making and help guide them to more logical conclusions.

Anyone can do this for themselves too. Read this book. 

Thirteen: Know Your Science

The lack of scientific literacy in society is a huge problem. 

That’s why I recommend Science, Pseudo-science, Non-sense, and Critical Thinking: Why the Differences Matter .

In this book by Marianna Barr and Gershon Ben-Shakhar, you get detailed chapters that use critical thinking to debunk:

• Cold reading

Another thing that makes this critical thinking book unique is that it includes:

• Correspondence with Houdini
• Good movie and literature examples
• Excellent lists of books to follow-up on with for further information about each pseudoscientific topic

I also like how the book discusses the reasons why people need to believe – or at least think they do.

Fourteen: An Ancient Critical Thinking Book

Basically, this term translates to a statement like: “the culmination of the Vedas is ‘not two’”.

In other words, the philosophy works to demonstrate a “oneness” in human consciousness. 

One of the most interesting books uses critical thinking to demonstrate this principle. It is called Panchadasi .

My favorite commentary on this text, which includes a translation, is Inquiry Into Existence , by James Swartz.

This philosophy will probably stretch your mind.

The trick is not to mistake its conclusions for solipsism, which is arguably nonsense . It’s really just a way of thinking through the situation we all find ourselves in as the bearers of consciousness. 

Crafting A Library Of Critical Thinking Books

I hope you enjoyed checking out this list of books on critical thinking. Please let me know which ones you check out and how you helpful you found them. 

There are many more out there, and keep in mind that you can find texts that will help you improve many types of thinking . 

The important thing is to have a library that you continually build and read thoroughly. 

And to get it all in, I recommend that you check out how to read faster next.

Need help with remembering what you read from these books? Check out my free memory improvement course:

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Always a pleasure Anthony to read your ideas and thoughts!

Thanks so much for stopping by to give it a look, Raymond.

Anything new with your memory and learning journey lately?

Your lessons always help me. It’s really useful for every student.

Thanks so much for stopping by and letting me know!

As always, you provide great material for self-empowerment

Thanks so much for giving it a read. It is an honor and a pleasure to do this work and I appreciate your support very much!

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Critical Thinking

45 Best Books on Critical Thinking

Discover a wide range of books on critical thinking, helping you develop valuable skills to analyze, evaluate, and think critically.

by Peter Hollins

What is Polymath about?

"Polymath" by Peter Hollins is a comprehensive guide that empowers readers to become extraordinary self-learners. Through practical strategies and insightful advice, the book explores the art of mastering multiple disciplines, acquiring new skills, and developing flexible thinking. Hollins provides a roadmap for becoming an autodidact, offering valuable tools and techniques to enhance learning, expand knowledge, and unlock one's full potential in any field.

Who should read Polymath

Students seeking to excel academically and develop a versatile skillset.

Professionals looking to enhance their career prospects and adapt to changing industries.

Individuals interested in personal growth and expanding their intellectual horizons.

Never Split the Difference

by Chris Voss, Tahl Raz

What is Never Split the Difference about?

In this gripping and insightful book, a former FBI hostage negotiator shares his expertise on negotiation strategies that can be applied to everyday life. Drawing from his intense experiences, the author reveals powerful techniques to effectively communicate, build trust, and influence others. Packed with real-life examples and practical advice, this book is a must-read for anyone looking to master the art of negotiation and achieve better outcomes in both personal and professional situations.

Who should read Never Split the Difference

Business professionals seeking to enhance their negotiation skills.

Law enforcement personnel looking to improve their crisis negotiation tactics.

Individuals interested in mastering effective communication and persuasion techniques.

by Randall Munroe

What is How To about?

In this witty and informative book, the author, known for his popular webcomic, offers hilariously unconventional solutions to everyday problems using absurd scientific advice. From how to throw a pool party on the moon to how to build a lava moat around your house, Munroe's unique blend of humor and scientific knowledge will entertain and educate readers, proving that sometimes the most outlandish ideas can lead to surprisingly practical solutions.

Who should read How To

Science enthusiasts seeking unconventional solutions to everyday challenges.

Problem solvers looking for humorous and out-of-the-box scientific advice.

Fans of Randall Munroe's witty and informative writing style.

Doesn’t Hurt to Ask

by Trey Gowdy

What is Doesn’t Hurt to Ask about?

In this insightful book, the author explores the art of effective communication through the power of asking questions. Drawing from his experience as a former prosecutor and congressman, Gowdy shares practical strategies and real-life examples to demonstrate how asking the right questions can foster meaningful connections, influence others, and navigate complex situations. Whether in personal relationships or professional settings, this book offers valuable insights on the transformative impact of asking the right questions.

Who should read Doesn’t Hurt to Ask

Professionals seeking to enhance their communication and persuasion skills.

Individuals interested in improving their ability to connect with others.

Anyone looking to master the art of asking effective questions.

What If? Serious Scientific Answers to Absurd Hypothetical Questions

What is what if serious scientific answers to absurd hypothetical questions about.

In this thought-provoking and entertaining book, the author, known for his webcomic, xkcd, tackles absurd hypothetical questions with serious scientific answers. From exploring the consequences of throwing a baseball at near-light speed to pondering the effects of a robot uprising, Munroe's witty and informative explanations delve into the realms of physics, biology, and engineering. With a blend of humor and scientific rigor, this book offers fascinating insights into the bizarre and imaginative world of hypothetical scenarios.

Who should read What If? Serious Scientific Answers to Absurd Hypothetical Questions

Science enthusiasts seeking entertaining and thought-provoking hypothetical scenarios.

Curious minds eager to explore the intersection of science and imagination.

Fans of Randall Munroe's witty and informative webcomic

Don’t Burn This Book

by Dave Rubin

What is Don’t Burn This Book about?

In this thought-provoking book, the author challenges readers to embrace critical thinking and individuality in a world plagued by irrationality. With wit and insight, he explores the dangers of groupthink, cancel culture, and political correctness, urging readers to question prevailing narratives and form their own opinions. Through personal anecdotes and compelling arguments, "Don't Burn This Book" serves as a rallying cry for intellectual independence and the preservation of free speech in an increasingly polarized society.

Who should read Don’t Burn This Book

Individuals seeking to challenge prevailing narratives and think critically.

Those interested in understanding the dangers of groupthink and echo chambers.

Readers looking for practical advice on navigating ideological polarization.

Six Thinking Hats

by Edward de Bono

What is Six Thinking Hats about?

In this insightful book, the author introduces a powerful thinking tool called the "Six Thinking Hats." Edward de Bono explores how this method can enhance decision-making and problem-solving by encouraging individuals to approach situations from different perspectives. Each "hat" represents a different thinking style, allowing readers to effectively analyze, generate ideas, evaluate, and make informed choices. With practical examples and exercises, this book offers a valuable framework for improving critical thinking skills and fostering collaboration in various aspects of life.

Who should read Six Thinking Hats

Business professionals seeking to improve decision-making and problem-solving skills.

Educators looking to enhance critical thinking and creativity in the classroom.

Individuals interested in personal development and effective communication strategies.

Thinking, Fast and Slow

by Daniel Kahneman

What is Thinking, Fast and Slow about?

In this thought-provoking book, the author explores the two systems that drive our thinking: the fast, intuitive system and the slow, deliberate system. Drawing on decades of research, he reveals the biases and errors that often cloud our judgment, and offers insights into how we can make better decisions. With engaging anecdotes and compelling examples, this book challenges our understanding of decision-making and provides valuable tools for improving our thinking processes.

Who should read Thinking, Fast and Slow

Individuals interested in understanding the complexities of human decision-making.

Psychologists and behavioral economists seeking insights into cognitive processes.

Business professionals looking to improve their decision-making skills.

Factfulness

by Hans Rosling, Anna Rosling Rönnlund, Ola Rosling

What is Factfulness about?

"Factfulness" challenges common misconceptions about the state of the world by presenting ten reasons why our understanding is often flawed. Drawing on extensive data and personal experiences, the authors argue that despite prevailing negativity, global progress has been significant. They provide a refreshing perspective on topics such as poverty, education, and health, urging readers to adopt a fact-based worldview and embrace a more optimistic outlook on the future.

Who should read Factfulness

Students and educators seeking a fresh perspective on global issues.

Individuals interested in challenging their preconceived notions about the world.

Policy makers and leaders looking for evidence-based insights on progress.

Think Again

by Adam Grant

What is Think Again about?

In this thought-provoking book, the author challenges readers to reevaluate their beliefs and embrace the power of intellectual humility. Through captivating stories and compelling research, the book explores the importance of questioning our assumptions, being open to new ideas, and constantly reevaluating our knowledge. With practical advice and insightful anecdotes, "Think Again" encourages readers to embrace a mindset of continuous learning and adaptability, ultimately unlocking their full potential.

Who should read Think Again

Professionals seeking to enhance their critical thinking skills.

Students and educators looking to challenge their existing beliefs.

Individuals interested in personal growth and self-improvement.

by David Epstein

What is Range about?

In this thought-provoking book, the author challenges the prevailing notion that specialization is the key to success. Drawing on a wide range of examples from sports, science, and the arts, Epstein argues that individuals with diverse experiences and a broad skill set, known as generalists, often outperform specialists in today's complex world. With compelling evidence and engaging storytelling, he explores the benefits of embracing a more flexible and exploratory approach to life and work.

Who should read Range

Professionals seeking to excel in a rapidly changing job market.

Students and educators looking to navigate career choices effectively.

Individuals interested in understanding the benefits of a broad skillset.

How to Read a Book

by Mortimer J. Adler, Charles Van Doren

What is How to Read a Book about?

This book is a comprehensive guide that teaches readers how to effectively read and understand various types of literature. It provides valuable insights and techniques to enhance reading skills, such as active reading, interpretation, and critical analysis. With practical advice and examples, the authors aim to empower readers to become more thoughtful and engaged readers, enabling them to extract deeper meaning and knowledge from any book they encounter.

Who should read How to Read a Book

Students of all ages seeking to improve their reading skills.

Educators and teachers looking for effective reading strategies to teach.

Individuals interested in deepening their understanding of complex texts.

A Mind for Numbers

by Barbara Oakley, Ph.D.

What is A Mind for Numbers about?

In this insightful guide, a renowned expert in learning strategies shares her secrets to mastering math and science. Barbara Oakley, Ph.D., reveals effective techniques to overcome common obstacles and develop a "mind for numbers." With practical tips, real-life examples, and engaging exercises, this book equips readers with the tools to excel in these subjects, regardless of their previous experiences or perceived abilities.

Who should read A Mind for Numbers

Students struggling with math and science concepts.

Professionals seeking to enhance their analytical thinking skills.

Educators looking for effective teaching strategies in math and science.

Good Strategy/Bad Strategy

by Richard Rumelt

What is Good Strategy/Bad Strategy about?

In this insightful book, the author delves into the world of strategy, dissecting the difference between good and bad strategies and emphasizing their impact. Richard Rumelt explores the common pitfalls of bad strategies and offers practical advice on how to develop effective ones. With real-world examples and engaging analysis, this book serves as a guide for individuals and organizations seeking to understand the importance of strategy and its role in achieving success.

Who should read Good Strategy/Bad Strategy

Business executives seeking to develop effective strategic thinking skills.

Students studying business management and strategy.

Entrepreneurs looking to enhance their strategic decision-making abilities.

Rebel Ideas

by Matthew Syed

What is Rebel Ideas about?

In this thought-provoking book, the author explores the immense power of diverse thinking and its impact on innovation, decision-making, and problem-solving. Drawing from a wide range of captivating stories and scientific research, he reveals how embracing different perspectives and challenging conventional wisdom can lead to groundbreaking ideas and transformative change. With compelling insights, "Rebel Ideas" encourages readers to harness the collective intelligence of diverse teams and embrace the potential of inclusive thinking in all aspects of life.

Who should read Rebel Ideas

Business leaders seeking innovative strategies through diverse perspectives.

Educators interested in fostering creativity and critical thinking skills.

Individuals looking to challenge their own biases and expand perspectives.

Naked Statistics

by Charles Wheelan

What is Naked Statistics about?

In this engaging and accessible book, the author takes readers on a journey through the world of statistics, demystifying the subject and making it relatable to everyday life. With humor and real-world examples, Wheelan explores the power and pitfalls of data analysis, teaching readers how to interpret and critically evaluate statistics. Whether you're a math enthusiast or someone who fears numbers, this book will equip you with the tools to navigate the world of data with confidence.

Who should read Naked Statistics

Students and professionals seeking a comprehensive introduction to statistics.

Individuals looking to understand the practical applications of statistical concepts.

Anyone interested in demystifying data analysis and making informed decisions.

by Dan Heath

What is Upstream about?

In "Upstream," the author explores the power of prevention and proactive problem-solving. Drawing from various real-life examples, Dan Heath emphasizes the importance of addressing issues at their root causes rather than simply reacting to their consequences. With insightful anecdotes and practical strategies, he encourages readers to shift their mindset and take action to prevent problems before they arise, ultimately leading to more effective and sustainable solutions.

Who should read Upstream

Individuals seeking proactive strategies to prevent problems in their lives.

Business leaders aiming to anticipate and address potential challenges.

Policy makers interested in implementing preventive measures for societal issues.

by Scott Adams

What is Loserthink about?

In this thought-provoking book, the author explores the concept of "loserthink" and its impact on American society. Scott Adams delves into the ways in which untrained minds contribute to the downfall of critical thinking and rational decision-making. With a blend of humor and insightful analysis, he challenges readers to recognize and overcome the pitfalls of cognitive biases, offering a fresh perspective on how to navigate the complexities of modern life.

Who should read Loserthink

Individuals interested in understanding the impact of untrained thinking on America's society.

Those seeking insights into the detrimental effects of cognitive biases.

Readers looking for strategies to overcome unproductive thinking patterns.

Calling Bullshit

by Carl T. Bergstrom & Jevin D. West

What is Calling Bullshit about?

"Calling Bullshit: The Art of Skepticism in a Data-Driven World" is a thought-provoking book that equips readers with the tools to navigate the overwhelming amount of misinformation in today's data-driven society. Written by two renowned experts, the book explores the art of skepticism, teaching readers how to critically analyze and debunk misleading claims, false statistics, and deceptive arguments. With practical examples and insightful guidance, this book empowers individuals to become more discerning consumers of information.

Who should read Calling Bullshit

Students and educators seeking to develop critical thinking skills.

Professionals working with data who want to detect misinformation.

General readers interested in understanding and navigating a data-driven world.

How to Think Like Leonardo da Vinci

by Michael J. Gelb

What is How to Think Like Leonardo da Vinci about?

In this insightful guide, the author explores the mind of the legendary artist and inventor, Leonardo da Vinci, revealing seven practical steps to cultivate genius in our daily lives. Drawing from da Vinci's notebooks, Gelb presents exercises and techniques to enhance creativity, sharpen thinking skills, and foster a holistic approach to problem-solving. This book offers a captivating journey into the mind of a genius, inspiring readers to unlock their own potential and think like da Vinci.

Who should read How to Think Like Leonardo da Vinci

Aspiring artists and creatives seeking to unlock their potential.

Professionals looking to enhance their problem-solving and critical thinking skills.

History enthusiasts interested in understanding the mind of Leonardo da Vinci.

The 5 Elements of Effective Thinking

by Edward B. Burger, Michael Starbird

What is The 5 Elements of Effective Thinking about?

"The 5 Elements of Effective Thinking" offers readers a practical guide to enhance their thinking skills and become more effective problem solvers. Written by two renowned educators, this book explores five essential thinking strategies that can be applied to any situation. Through engaging examples and thought-provoking exercises, the authors empower readers to think more creatively, critically, and strategically, ultimately leading to improved decision-making and success in various aspects of life.

Who should read The 5 Elements of Effective Thinking

Students seeking to improve their critical thinking skills.

Professionals looking to enhance their problem-solving abilities.

HBR Guide to Thinking Strategically

by Harvard Business Review

What is HBR Guide to Thinking Strategically about?

The book offers a comprehensive guide to strategic thinking, providing readers with practical tools and frameworks to develop a strategic mindset. It explores various aspects of strategic thinking, including analyzing data, identifying opportunities, making informed decisions, and creating effective strategies. With real-world examples and expert insights, this book equips individuals with the skills needed to think strategically and drive success in today's competitive business landscape.

Who should read HBR Guide to Thinking Strategically

Business professionals seeking to enhance their strategic thinking skills.

Managers and executives looking to develop a strategic mindset.

Students and academics interested in understanding strategic decision-making.

by Malcolm Gladwell

What is Blink about?

In this thought-provoking book, the author explores the fascinating concept of "thin-slicing," the ability to make accurate judgments in the blink of an eye. Through captivating anecdotes and scientific research, Gladwell delves into the power of our unconscious mind, revealing how our snap judgments can often be surprisingly accurate. With practical insights, he challenges conventional wisdom and encourages readers to trust their instincts, offering a fresh perspective on decision-making and the hidden forces that shape our choices.

Who should read Blink

Individuals interested in understanding the subconscious processes behind decision-making.

Psychologists and researchers seeking insights into rapid cognition and intuition.

Professionals in fields such as marketing and law

looking to enhance their decision-making skills.

Freakonomics

by Steven D. Levitt, Stephen J. Dubner

What is Freakonomics about?

In this thought-provoking book, an unconventional economist delves into the unexpected connections between seemingly unrelated phenomena. Levitt and Dubner explore the hidden side of various aspects of life, from crime rates and parenting techniques to the impact of names on success. With their unique blend of economics and storytelling, they challenge conventional wisdom and shed light on the surprising forces that shape our world. Prepare to have your assumptions challenged and your perspective on everyday life transformed.

Who should read Freakonomics

Economics enthusiasts seeking unconventional insights into everyday phenomena.

Curious individuals interested in understanding the hidden forces shaping society.

Anyone looking for a thought-provoking exploration of the unexpected connections in life.

The Art of Thinking Clearly

by Rolf Dobelli

What is The Art of Thinking Clearly about?

"The Art of Thinking Clearly" is a thought-provoking book that explores the common cognitive biases and logical fallacies that often cloud our decision-making process. Written by an acclaimed author, this book offers practical insights and strategies to help readers identify and overcome these mental traps. With a blend of psychology, philosophy, and real-life examples, it provides a valuable guide to improving our critical thinking skills and making better choices in various aspects of life.

Who should read The Art of Thinking Clearly

Individuals seeking to improve their decision-making skills and critical thinking abilities.

Business professionals looking to enhance their problem-solving strategies and avoid cognitive biases.

Anyone interested in understanding common thinking errors and improving their judgment.

Superforecasting

by Philip E. Tetlock Ph.D., Dan Gardner

What is Superforecasting about?

"Superforecasting: The Art and Science of Prediction" explores the fascinating world of forecasting and the individuals who excel at it. Written by Philip E. Tetlock Ph.D. and Dan Gardner, this book delves into the techniques and mindset of superforecasters, individuals who consistently make accurate predictions. Through engaging stories and scientific research, the authors reveal the secrets behind their success, offering valuable insights into improving our own forecasting abilities.

Who should read Superforecasting

Aspiring forecasters seeking to improve their prediction skills.

Researchers interested in the science behind accurate forecasting.

Decision-makers looking to make better informed choices based on predictions.

Ways of Seeing

by John Berger

What is Ways of Seeing about?

"Ways of Seeing" by John Berger is a thought-provoking exploration of how we perceive and interpret visual images in our society. Through a combination of essays and images, Berger challenges traditional notions of art, advertising, and the male gaze, urging readers to question the power dynamics and hidden meanings behind what we see. This book offers a fresh perspective on the ways in which visual culture shapes our understanding of the world around us.

Who should read Ways of Seeing

Art enthusiasts seeking a fresh perspective on visual culture.

Students studying art history or visual communication.

Individuals interested in exploring the social and political aspects of art.

The Death of Expertise

by Tom Nichols, Ph.D.

What is The Death of Expertise about?

In this thought-provoking book, a renowned scholar delves into the alarming rise of anti-intellectualism and the erosion of expertise in modern society. With compelling arguments and extensive research, the author explores the consequences of dismissing established knowledge, highlighting the dangers it poses to democracy, public policy, and even our personal lives. A wake-up call to value and respect expertise, this book urges readers to confront the perils of a society that disregards the wisdom of experts.

Who should read The Death of Expertise

researchers

and scholars seeking to understand the erosion of expertise.

Politicians and policymakers grappling with the challenges of anti-intellectualism.

General readers interested in the consequences of dismissing expert opinions.

Thinkertoys

by Michael Michalko

What is Thinkertoys about?

"Thinkertoys" is a practical guide by Michael Michalko that offers a diverse collection of creative-thinking techniques. This handbook provides readers with a toolbox of strategies to enhance their problem-solving skills and stimulate innovative ideas. Through a combination of exercises, puzzles, and real-life examples, Michalko encourages readers to think outside the box and tap into their creative potential. Whether you're a student, professional, or simply seeking to expand your thinking abilities, this book is a valuable resource for unlocking your imagination.

Who should read Thinkertoys

Aspiring entrepreneurs seeking innovative strategies to boost their business.

Students and educators looking to enhance their problem-solving skills.

Professionals in creative fields aiming to unlock their creative potential.

Questions Are the Answer

by Hal B. Gregersen

What is Questions Are the Answer about?

In this thought-provoking book, the author presents a groundbreaking approach to solving the most challenging problems we face in both our personal and professional lives. Through the power of asking the right questions, Hal B. Gregersen guides readers on a transformative journey, encouraging them to challenge assumptions, explore new perspectives, and unlock innovative solutions. Packed with real-life examples and practical strategies, this book offers a fresh perspective on problem-solving that will inspire readers to think differently and find answers they never thought possible.

Who should read Questions Are the Answer

Professionals seeking innovative problem-solving strategies for their work challenges.

Individuals looking to overcome personal obstacles and find solutions.

Leaders and managers aiming to foster a culture of curiosity and creativity.

The Art of Creative Thinking

by John Adair

What is The Art of Creative Thinking about?

"The Art of Creative Thinking" by John Adair is a practical guide that explores the process of generating innovative ideas. Filled with insightful techniques and real-life examples, this book equips readers with the tools to enhance their creativity and develop great ideas. Adair delves into various aspects of creative thinking, including problem-solving, brainstorming, and fostering a creative environment. Whether you're an individual seeking personal growth or a team leader aiming to inspire innovation, this book offers valuable strategies for unlocking your creative potential.

Who should read The Art of Creative Thinking

Aspiring entrepreneurs seeking to unlock their creative potential.

Professionals in creative industries looking to enhance their innovative skills.

Students and educators interested in fostering creativity and idea generation.

How Not to Be Wrong

by Jordan Ellenberg

What is How Not to Be Wrong about?

In this captivating book, the author explores the fascinating world of mathematics and its practical applications in everyday life. Through engaging anecdotes and thought-provoking examples, he reveals how mathematical thinking can help us make better decisions, solve complex problems, and avoid common pitfalls. With wit and clarity, the author demonstrates the power of mathematical reasoning, showing readers how to think critically and navigate the world with a sharper, more logical perspective.

Who should read How Not to Be Wrong

Students and educators seeking to enhance their mathematical reasoning skills.

Professionals in fields like finance

engineering

or data analysis.

Anyone interested in understanding the practical applications of mathematics.

Think Like a Freak

What is think like a freak about.

"Think Like a Freak" is a thought-provoking book that challenges conventional wisdom and encourages readers to approach problems with a fresh perspective. Written by the authors of Freakonomics, Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, this book offers practical advice on how to retrain your brain to think creatively, solve complex issues, and make better decisions. With engaging anecdotes and real-life examples, it provides a fascinating exploration of the power of unconventional thinking.

Who should read Think Like a Freak

Individuals seeking unconventional approaches to problem-solving and decision-making.

Business professionals looking to enhance their critical thinking skills.

Fans of the Freakonomics series eager to explore new perspectives.

Thinking in Bets

by Annie Duke

What is Thinking in Bets about?

In this insightful book, Annie Duke, a former professional poker player, explores the art of decision-making in uncertain situations. Drawing from her experiences in high-stakes poker games, Duke reveals how to think in bets and make smarter choices when faced with limited information. With practical strategies and engaging anecdotes, she teaches readers to embrace uncertainty, evaluate probabilities, and avoid common cognitive biases. This book is a valuable guide for anyone seeking to improve their decision-making skills and navigate life's unpredictable challenges.

Who should read Thinking in Bets

Individuals seeking to improve their decision-making skills in uncertain situations.

Business professionals looking to enhance their strategic thinking abilities.

Anyone interested in understanding the psychology behind decision-making processes.

What is Win Bigly about?

In this thought-provoking book, the author explores the power of persuasion in a world driven by emotions rather than facts. Drawing from his experience as a renowned cartoonist and creator of Dilbert, Scott Adams delves into the strategies used by influential figures to shape public opinion and win big. With a blend of humor and insight, he offers a unique perspective on the art of persuasion and its impact on our daily lives.

Who should read Win Bigly

Individuals interested in understanding the power of persuasion in today's world.

Business professionals seeking to enhance their communication and negotiation skills.

Political enthusiasts looking to gain insights into the art of persuasion in politics.

The Organized Mind

by Daniel J. Levitin

What is The Organized Mind about?

In this insightful book, the author explores the challenges of living in a world filled with overwhelming amounts of information. Levitin delves into the science behind how our brains process and organize information, offering practical strategies to help readers regain control of their minds. From managing digital clutter to improving decision-making skills, "The Organized Mind" provides valuable insights and techniques to navigate the age of information overload and think more clearly.

Who should read The Organized Mind

Professionals seeking strategies to manage information overload and improve productivity.

Students looking to enhance their study skills and focus.

Individuals interested in understanding the impact of technology on cognition.

Willful Blindness

by Margaret Heffernan

What is Willful Blindness about?

In this thought-provoking book, the author explores the concept of willful blindness and its consequences. Through a combination of real-life examples and psychological research, she delves into why individuals and organizations often choose to ignore the obvious, even when it poses significant risks. With compelling insights, Heffernan challenges readers to confront their own blind spots and offers strategies to overcome them, ultimately emphasizing the importance of embracing uncomfortable truths for personal and collective growth.

Who should read Willful Blindness

Business leaders seeking to understand the dangers of ignoring critical information.

Individuals interested in exploring the psychological factors behind willful ignorance.

Anyone looking to enhance their decision-making skills and avoid blind spots.

The Intelligence Trap — Why Smart People Do Stupid Things and How to Make Wiser Decisions

by David Robson

What is The Intelligence Trap — Why Smart People Do Stupid Things and How to Make Wiser Decisions about?

In this thought-provoking book, the author explores the fascinating concept of intelligence and its limitations. Through engaging anecdotes and scientific research, he reveals how even the smartest individuals can fall into cognitive traps, leading to poor decision-making. Offering practical strategies and insights, the book empowers readers to overcome their own biases, enhance their critical thinking skills, and make wiser choices in various aspects of life.

Who should read The Intelligence Trap — Why Smart People Do Stupid Things and How to Make Wiser Decisions

Individuals seeking to understand the cognitive biases that hinder decision-making.

Professionals looking to enhance their critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Anyone interested in exploring the intersection of intelligence and decision-making.

Lateral Thinking

by Edward de Bono, Dr.

What is Lateral Thinking about?

In this insightful guide, the author explores the concept of lateral thinking and provides practical techniques to enhance creativity. Edward de Bono encourages readers to break free from traditional thought patterns and embrace a more innovative approach to problem-solving. With step-by-step instructions and engaging examples, this book offers valuable tools to unlock one's creative potential and think outside the box. A must-read for those seeking to cultivate their creativity and find fresh solutions to challenges.

Who should read Lateral Thinking

Aspiring artists and designers seeking to enhance their creative process.

Business professionals looking to develop innovative problem-solving skills.

Educators and trainers interested in fostering critical thinking abilities.

Why We Make Mistakes

by Joseph T. Hallinan

What is Why We Make Mistakes about?

In this thought-provoking book, Joseph T. Hallinan explores the fascinating world of human error and the reasons behind our frequent mistakes. Through captivating anecdotes and scientific research, he delves into the cognitive biases, illusions, and overconfidence that lead us to overlook details, forget important information, and believe we are better than we actually are. With a blend of humor and insight, Hallinan sheds light on the universal nature of human fallibility and offers valuable lessons for improving decision-making and avoiding errors in our daily lives.

Who should read Why We Make Mistakes

Individuals interested in understanding the psychology behind human errors.

Professionals seeking insights into cognitive biases and decision-making flaws.

Anyone curious about the illusions of competence and memory lapses.

Too Big to Know

by David Weinberger

What is Too Big to Know about?

In this thought-provoking book, David Weinberger challenges traditional notions of knowledge in the digital age. He explores how the internet has transformed the way we acquire and share information, blurring the lines between facts and opinions. With experts and vast amounts of data readily available, he argues that knowledge is no longer confined to individuals but emerges from the collective intelligence of online communities. A must-read for anyone seeking to understand the evolving nature of knowledge in our interconnected world.

Who should read Too Big to Know

Students and academics seeking a fresh perspective on knowledge.

Professionals in the information age grappling with the changing landscape.

Individuals interested in the impact of technology on knowledge.

Seeing What Others Don’t

by Dr. Gary Klein

What is Seeing What Others Don’t about?

In "Seeing What Others Don't," Dr. Gary Klein explores the fascinating world of insights and how they are formed. Through captivating stories and research, he delves into the minds of experts from various fields to uncover the hidden processes behind their remarkable ability to gain insights. This thought-provoking book offers valuable insights into how we can enhance our own ability to see what others often miss, ultimately leading to more innovative and creative thinking.

Who should read Seeing What Others Don’t

Business professionals seeking to enhance their problem-solving skills.

Researchers and psychologists interested in the science of insight.

Individuals looking to unlock their creative potential and gain new perspectives.

Effective Decision-Making

by Edoardo Binda Zane

What is Effective Decision-Making about?

In this insightful guide, the author explores the art of effective decision-making in challenging situations. With a focus on navigating uncertainty and pressure, the book offers practical strategies and techniques to enhance decision-making skills. Drawing from real-life examples and research, readers will gain valuable insights into analyzing risks, managing emotions, and optimizing outcomes. Whether in personal or professional life, this book equips individuals with the tools to make better decisions and thrive in uncertain environments.

Who should read Effective Decision-Making

Professionals seeking to improve their decision-making skills in high-pressure environments.

Students studying decision-making processes and strategies in uncertain situations.

Individuals looking to enhance their ability to make informed choices.

A Spy’s Guide to Thinking

by John Braddock

What is A Spy’s Guide to Thinking about?

In this insightful guide, the author, a former intelligence officer, shares his expertise on critical thinking and decision-making. Drawing from his experiences in the field, he reveals practical strategies and techniques used by spies to analyze information, assess risks, and make sound judgments. With a focus on enhancing mental agility and avoiding cognitive biases, this book equips readers with the tools to navigate complex situations and think like a spy in their everyday lives.

Who should read A Spy’s Guide to Thinking

Aspiring spies seeking to enhance their critical thinking skills.

Professionals in intelligence and espionage looking to sharpen their mental acuity.

Anyone interested in learning strategic thinking from a spy's perspective.

by Daniel Kahneman, Ph.D., Olivier Sibony, PhD, Cass R. Sunstein

What is Noise about?

In this thought-provoking book, three renowned authors delve into the fascinating world of human judgment and decision-making. Exploring the concept of noise, they reveal how seemingly identical decisions can vary widely due to random factors, biases, and inconsistencies. Drawing on extensive research and real-life examples, the authors challenge our assumptions about rationality and offer practical insights to reduce noise and improve decision-making in various fields, from medicine to law. A compelling read that sheds light on the flaws in our judgment and the potential for improvement.

Who should read Noise

Individuals interested in understanding the impact of noise on decision-making.

Psychologists and researchers studying cognitive biases and judgment errors.

Professionals seeking to improve their decision-making processes and outcomes.

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What are the Top 20 Best Critical Thinking Books?

There are many great books on critical thinking, including but not limited to Thinknetic’s “The Habit of Critical Thinking,” Rebecca Stobaugh’s “50 Strategies to Boost Cognitive Engagement,” and Jonathan Haber’s “Critical Thinking: Part of the MIT Press Essential Knowledge.” 

With all the books on critical thinking available, how do you best determine which you should read? The rest of this article will break down the top 20 books on critical thinking followed by the Amazon link and a short description of each.

What is Critical Thinking?

Critical thinking is the ability to objectively analyze and evaluate an issue in order to form judgment, which is vital in today’s world. While critical thinking begins in early childhood and is taught at the primary and secondary education levels, it is always best to keep your critical thinking skills sharp.

Why is Critical Thinking Important?

Communication is key to healthy relationships and communities. Critical thinking enables individuals to express their thoughts, ideas, and beliefs in constructive ways. In relationships, critical thinking is vital to avoid frustration and miscommunication.

The Top 20 Books on Critical Thinking

The following books can all be found on Amazon.com, and a link is provided for each.

1.) Critical Thinking ; Logic Mastery (Series by Thinknetic)

Most of these books are available on Kindle Unlimited. You can purchase them individually or as a set.

2.) Critical Thinking and the Analytical Mind by Marcus P. Dawson

This book teaches the reader the art of making decisions and solving problems while thinking clearly and avoiding cognitive biases and fallacies in systems.

3.) Critical Thinking: The 12 Rules for Intelligent Thinking by Jason Dyer

4.) 50 Strategies to Boost Cognitive Engagement by Rebecca Stobaugh

This valuable book for teachers of any grade level – from elementary to college – helps build a culture of thinking that transforms any classroom into an environment of active learning and student engagement.

5.) Critical Thinking: The MIT Press Essential Knowledge Series by Jonathan Haber

6.) The Critical Thinking Toolkit by Galen A. Foresman, Peter S. Fosl, and Jamie C. Watson

This comprehensive book takes a wide view with critical thinking perspectives in psychology, sociology, philosophy, and political science. It applies critical thinking to subjects such as race and gender, symbols in rhetoric, and cognitive biases.

7.) Critical Thinking: A Beginner’s Guide to Developing Reasoning Skills by Morris Cullen

Amazon Link: https://amzn.to/3DX6t7w

8.) Critical Thinking Beginner’s Guide: Learn How Reasoning by Logic Improves Effective Problem Solving by Carl Patterson

This book contains the tools to think smarter and level up intuition to reach your potential and grow your mindfulness.

9.) Thinking Guide for Busy People by Harvey Smart

10.) Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman

This New York Times Bestseller won the Nobel Prize in Economics.

11.) Overthinking is NOT the Solution by Robert J. Charles

12.) Communication Skills Training by Ian Tuhovsky

13.) Self-Discipline: How to Build Mental Toughness and Focus to Achieve your Goals by John Winters

14.) Critical Thinking Mastery by Carl Patterson

A beginner’s guide to increase intuition, improve communication, and solve problems.

15.) Master Your Emotions by Thibaut Meurisse

16.) Rethinking How We Think by Charles M. Johnston, MD

17.) Critical Thinking by Brooke Noel Moore and Richard Parker

18.) Critical Thinking in Psychology, edited by Robert J. Sternberg

This textbook is a guide for psychology students to think critically about key topics such as experimental research, statistical analysis, and ethical judgments.

19.) Thinking in Systems and Mental Models by Marcus P. Dawson

20.) Critical Thinking by Tom Chatfield

This valuable resource serves as a guide for effective argument, successful analysis, and independent study.

You may also like

All about non-linear thinking, critical thinking exercises for employees: boosting workplace problem-solving skills, what is hindsight bias: a comprehensive analysis, divergent vs convergent thinking – what are they and how are they different, download this free ebook.

The 5 Best Books on Critical Thinking for Einstein-Esque Performance

Critical thinking is a skill that we all need but often isn’t taught explicitly.

With critical thinking , we can identify scams and fake news, analyze situations, and evaluate factual evidence.

These are skills we need every day to be better, more successful people.

If you feel you need to improve your critical thinking skills, here are some of the best books on the topic.

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Best Books on Critical Thinking

1. thinking, fast and slow by daniel kahneman.

Daniel Kahneman’s book divides thinking into two systems. Within each system, Kahneman describes rational and non-rational motivations for thinking that way.

In short, System 1 is automatic thinking, whereas System 2 is conscious, calculating decision-making. Kahneman doesn’t prefer one to the other but labels them so we can identify them in our own thought processes.

The book’s second part then discusses biases that affect our ability to think statistically. He uses something called heuristics, which is the theory of quick-thinking.

Kahneman uses all of this to explain why we make bad decisions and suggests ways we can make better ones. It’s a summary of decades of Kahneman’s own research, and is clear, logical, and well researched.

However, it’s quite dense in places. Importantly, its language is aimed at people who probably have clear critical thinking skills but its points are aimed at people wanting to learn critical thinking. There might be easier books on the subject, but this is a good read nonetheless.

• Backed up with decades of research.
• Interesting system of thought proposed.
• Logical statements about bad decisions.
• Quite dense reading.

2. Asking the Right Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking by Neil Browne and Stuart Keeley

This book is written as a textbook for courses that teach critical and analytical thinking. As a result, it’s very clear and concise. It’s a great starting point for anyone unfamiliar with the subject.

It essentially teaches you how to think logically and then how to apply this to your personal decision-making. It favours the ideas of autonomy, openness, and curiosity, all of which require critical thinking.

Asking the Right Questions has been through multiple revisions (it’s currently on the 11th edition!). Updates have mostly adjusted examples to be more applicable to changing audiences, but older additions provide the same important core information.

The fact that it’s designed for an academic setting might be its best feature or its worst. Some sections go into very specific detail about how to do something, so members of the general public might find it a bit too in-depth.

But, if you’re entirely new to critical thinking, this is a good place to start.

• Clear writing designed for college courses.
• Teaches the reader how to think logically.
• Revisions keep examples and language fresh.
• Some sections might feel too in-depth for the general reader.

3. The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark by Carl Sagan

Carl Sagan is a name you probably recognise, and for good reason. His work bringing science into the public sphere should never be overlooked. This book is no different.

Its purpose is to explain the scientific method to everyday people so they can use it to think critically. Sagan also describes this as “sceptic thinking”, something he was well known for.

The book explains how scientific thinking is critical thinking and offers something called the “baloney detection kit”. In short, this is the ability to recognise false arguments. He follows this up with the 20 logical fallacies, which you might already know.

The Demon-Haunted World is still seen as an important book in the sceptic movement and is very clearly written by Carl Sagan. Its information is interesting and important for anyone wanting to think critically using actual scientific methods.

Perhaps the only real critique is that it’s very rooted in the world of astrophysics, Sagan’s field. Its examples of myth-busting relate to UFOs, which is fine, but it could do with other examples from the rest of the scientific world.

• Contains Sagan’s typical humour.
• Teaches critical thinking in relation to scientific practice.
• An interesting and clear read.
• Quite a narrow view of the “scientific method”.

4. The Art of Thinking Clearly: Better Thinking, Better Decisions by Rolf Dobelli

The Art of Thinking Clearly describes 99 examples of common thinking errors. It was originally published in newspaper columns, meaning the chapters are short and quite concise.

It clearly labels each error of judgement and suggests ways to avoid them in the future. Rather than teaching you critical thinking processes, the book just shows you thinking errors. This is helpful for people who might want a different outlook on the subject.

Considering chapters are around 2.5 pages long, it’s easy to pick up whenever for short reading bursts. This makes it a standout in a category like this, as many books are a bit clunky and dense.

That said, some of the chapters don’t really need explaining at all. Combined with some obvious examples, it might detract from its otherwise useful information. This would make a good supplement to another critical thinking book.

• Short, concise chapters.
• Different approach to critical thinking.
• Discusses errors in judgement rather than thinking processes.
• Some parts are almost too obvious.

5. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces that Shape Our Decisions by Dan Ariely

This book works on the understanding that humans are irrational but in a predictable way. It uses this fact to teach you how to recognise and change irrational thinking habits.

It consists of 15 chapters broken down into modes of thinking and examples of when rationality breaks down. The book uses both rational choice theory and behavioural economics to do this.

Ariely is a Professor of Behavioural Economics at MIT, so he’s a pretty trustworthy source on the subject. Importantly, though, he knows how to write for the general reader. It’s a complex subject delivered clearly.

However, it’s written like Ariely is holding back some information because of the target audience. You get the sense that he knows he’s writing for the public and so doesn’t explain things to the full extent of his knowledge. Even so, the points he raises are interesting and useful for rational thinking.

• Interesting look at irrational thinking.
• Relies on behavioural theory.
• Written by an authority in the field.
• Sometimes feels a bit too edited.

Improving our critical thinking skills is vital to understanding how decisions can work for or against us. It’s something we use every day in work or home life, so is a vital skill to have.

Using a variety of books on critical thinking will provide different skills and understanding of what is an incredibly broad subject. So, don’t limit yourself to just one or two.

Browse more best books and recommended reads .

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10 Best Books on Critical Thinking & Analytical Skills

In today’s world, where information is abundant and often conflicting, it’s essential to possess strong critical thinking and analytical skills. Critical thinking helps us make informed decisions, evaluate arguments and claims, and solve problems. Analytical skills, on the other hand, allow us to break down complex issues and data into more manageable parts, making it easier to understand and act upon them.

Why Critical Thinking and Analytical Skills are Essential

Critical thinking and analytical skills are essential because they enable us to navigate the ever-changing landscape of information, knowledge, and ideas. In a world where we are bombarded with information from multiple sources, these skills help us assess the reliability and validity of that information and make informed decisions.

Moreover, critical thinking and analytical skills are crucial for academic success. Students who develop these skills can analyze and evaluate complex texts, arguments, and ideas, and formulate their own opinions based on evidence. These skills also help students in their research projects, enabling them to differentiate between credible and unreliable sources, and critically evaluate the evidence presented in those sources.

The Importance of Critical Thinking in Daily Life

Every aspect of our life requires critical thinking, be it personal relationships, buying a product online, or evaluating political campaigns. Critical thinking helps us identify and evaluate assumptions, biases, and arguments and make decisions based on evidence.

For instance, critical thinking can help us evaluate the claims made in advertisements and make informed decisions about the products we buy. It can also help us identify and challenge stereotypes and biases in our personal relationships, leading to more respectful and inclusive interactions.

How Analytical Skills Enhance Problem-Solving Abilities

Problem-solving is an essential skill in the workplace and personal life. Analytical skills help us break down complex problems into smaller parts, identify the root causes, and develop effective solutions. Analytical thinkers can predict possible outcomes and assess the risks involved in decision-making.

Furthermore, analytical skills can help us in our everyday life. For example, when faced with a household problem such as a leaky faucet, analytical skills can help us diagnose the problem, identify the necessary tools and materials, and develop a plan to fix the issue.

In conclusion, critical thinking and analytical skills are essential for success in both personal and professional life. These skills enable us to make informed decisions, evaluate information, and solve complex problems. Therefore, it is important to cultivate these skills through education and practice.

The Top 10 Books on Critical Thinking

Critical thinking is an essential skill that helps us navigate the complexities of the world around us. It enables us to analyze information, evaluate arguments, and make informed decisions. If you’re looking to improve your critical thinking skills, here are ten books that can help you on your journey.

“Thinking, Fast and Slow” by Daniel Kahneman

This book is a fascinating exploration of how our brain processes information and makes decisions. Drawing on insights from neuroscience, psychology, and economics, Kahneman shows how we can overcome cognitive biases and think more critically. He also offers practical tips for improving our decision-making skills.

You can find this book here .

“The Art of Thinking Clearly” by Rolf Dobelli

In this book, Dobelli provides readers with 99 clear-thinking errors, biases, and fallacies that they should avoid. He uses real-life examples to make his points more relatable and offers practical advice for improving our critical thinking skills.

“The 5 Elements of Effective Thinking” by Edward B. Burger and Michael Starbird

This book draws on insights from neuroscience, education, and psychology to reveal the five essential elements of critical thinking. Burger and Starbird provide a framework for thinking about challenging problems and coming up with innovative solutions. They also offer practical tips for improving our problem-solving skills.

“Critical Thinking: A Concise Guide” by Tracy Bowell and Gary Kemp

If you’re new to critical thinking, this book is an excellent place to start. Bowell and Kemp provide readers with an introduction to critical thinking, including a breakdown of the key concepts, tools, and techniques. They also cover ethics, reasoning, and argument evaluation.

“The Power of Critical Thinking” by Lewis Vaughn

In this book, Vaughn explores how critical thinking can improve our daily lives. He provides tips and tools for analyzing and evaluating arguments, and includes real-life examples and exercises to help readers develop their critical thinking skills.

“Think Smarter: Critical Thinking to Improve Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Skills” by Michael Kallet

Kallet offers readers a step-by-step approach to critical thinking, including how to identify biases, assumptions, and problems. He also provides tools and techniques that can help in making better decisions. This book is a must-read for anyone looking to improve their problem-solving skills.

“The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark” by Carl Sagan

Sagan’s book is a powerful exploration of the importance of scientific thinking and skepticism in a world where misinformation and superstition often dominate. He provides readers with a foundation in scientific thinking that can help them evaluate claims and evidence more effectively.

“Nonsense: The Power of Not Knowing” by Jamie Holmes

In this book, Holmes explores how embracing uncertainty and ambiguity can improve critical thinking skills. He includes real-life examples and explores how different approaches to problem-solving can lead to better outcomes. This book is a great read for anyone looking to expand their thinking beyond the confines of certainty.

“The Logic of Scientific Discovery” by Karl Popper

This book is a classic in the philosophy of science and explores how scientific theories are developed and tested. Popper provides readers with a framework for evaluating claims and evidence and can help them understand the scientific process more fully. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the scientific method.

“The Structure of Scientific Revolutions” by Thomas S. Kuhn

Kuhn’s book explores how scientific paradigms shift over time and how new ideas and technologies can challenge and replace old ones. He provides readers with a deeper understanding of how scientific ideas are developed and can help them evaluate the validity and reliability of scientific claims and evidence. This book is a fascinating read for anyone interested in the history of science.

Tips for Developing Your Critical Thinking Skills

Developing critical thinking skills is essential for navigating the complexities of modern life with confidence and clarity. In addition to reading books on the subject, there are several ways to develop your critical thinking skills. Here are a few tips:

Practice Active Listening

Active listening is a crucial component of critical thinking. When you’re communicating with others, actively listen to what they’re saying, and ask questions to clarify their points. This will help you understand their perspective and challenge your own assumptions. By doing so, you can broaden your perspective and gain new insights that you may not have considered before.

For example, if you’re having a conversation with someone who has a different political view than you, instead of immediately dismissing their opinion, ask them why they believe what they do. By doing so, you can gain a better understanding of their perspective and challenge your own assumptions.

Ask Thought-Provoking Questions

Asking thought-provoking questions is another way to develop your critical thinking skills. Instead of accepting surface-level explanations, dig deeper by asking questions that challenge assumptions and break down complex problems. Questions like “why?” and “how?” can help you identify underlying issues and gain a deeper understanding of a problem.

For example, if you’re trying to solve a problem at work, instead of accepting the first solution that comes to mind, ask yourself why that solution is the best option. By doing so, you can identify potential flaws in your thinking and develop a more effective solution.

Reflect on Your Own Thinking Process

Self-reflection is a critical component of developing your critical thinking skills. Take time to reflect on your own thinking process and identify any biases or assumptions that may be influencing your decisions. By doing so, you can become more aware of your own thought patterns and develop more effective strategies for critical thinking.

For example, if you’re trying to make a decision about a job offer, take time to reflect on your own biases and assumptions about the job, the company, and the industry. By doing so, you can make a more informed decision that is based on facts rather than assumptions.

Reading books on critical thinking and analytical skills can also help us develop a more effective approach to problem-solving and decision-making. By honing these skills, we can navigate the complexities of modern life with confidence and clarity.

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100 Best Critical Thinking Books of All Time

We've researched and ranked the best critical thinking books in the world, based on recommendations from world experts, sales data, and millions of reader ratings. Learn more

Thinking, Fast and Slow

Kahneman | 5.00

Barack Obama A few months ago, Mr. Obama read “Thinking, Fast and Slow,” by Daniel Kahneman, about how people make decisions — quick, instinctive thinking versus slower, contemplative deliberation. For Mr. Obama, a deliberator in an instinctive business, this may be as instructive as any political science text. (Source)

Bill Gates [On Bill Gates's reading list in 2012.] (Source)

Marc Andreessen Captivating dive into human decision making, marred by inclusion of several/many? psychology studies that fail to replicate. Will stand as a cautionary tale? (Source)

See more recommendations for this book...

Factfulness

Ten Reasons We're Wrong About the World – and Why Things Are Better Than You Think

Hans Rosling, Anna Rosling Rönnlund, Ola Rosling | 4.62

Barack Obama As 2018 draws to a close, I’m continuing a favorite tradition of mine and sharing my year-end lists. It gives me a moment to pause and reflect on the year through the books I found most thought-provoking, inspiring, or just plain loved. It also gives me a chance to highlight talented authors – some who are household names and others who you may not have heard of before. Here’s my best of 2018... (Source)

Bill Gates This was a breakthrough to me. The framework Hans enunciates is one that took me decades of working in global development to create for myself, and I could have never expressed it in such a clear way. I’m going to try to use this model moving forward. (Source)

Nigel Warburton It’s an interesting book, it’s very challenging. It may be over-optimistic. But it does have this startling effect on the readers of challenging widely held assumptions. It’s a plea to look at the empirical data, and not just assume that you know how things are now. (Source)

The Demon-haunted World

Science As a Candle in the Dark

Carl Sagan | 4.54

James Randi First of all, Carl was my very good friend, and we had a lot of confidences over the years. He was the epitome of the scientific mind and the scientific thinker. In The Demon-Haunted World, one of his later books, he investigates pseudoscience, frauds and fakes, and the mistakes that scientists made over the years. It’s very comprehensive. He had a whole chapter devoted to “Carlos” – or Jose... (Source)

Philip Plait He holds your hand and shows you the wonders of science and the universe. The Demon-Haunted World is probably his best book. (Source)

Dallas Campbell @TheChilterns Even if you profoundly disagree with Clarke, it’s very detailed. The classic is of course ‘The Demon Haunted World’ by Carl Sagan. When I’m Prime Minister it will be compulsory reading at school! Best book on what science is/isn’t and why we think the way we do. 👍 (Source)

The Psychology of Persuasion

Robert B. Cialdini | 4.53

Charles T. Munger Robert Cialdini has had a greater impact on my thinking on this topic than any other scientist. (Source)

Dan Ariely It covers a range of ways in which we end up doing things, and how we don’t understand why we’re doing them. (Source)

Max Levchin [Max Levchin recommended this book as an answer to "What business books would you advise young entrepreneurs read?"] (Source)

A Brief History of Humankind

Yuval Noah Harari | 4.52

Richard Branson One example of a book that has helped me to #ReadToLead this year is Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind by Yuval Noah Harari. While the book came out a few years ago now, I got around to it this year, and am very glad I did. I’ve always been fascinated in what makes humans human, and how people are constantly evolving, changing and growing. The genius of Sapiens is that it takes some daunting,... (Source)

Reid Hoffman A grand theory of humanity. (Source)

Barack Obama eval(ez_write_tag([[250,250],'theceolibrary_com-leader-2','ezslot_7',164,'0','1'])); Fact or fiction, the president knows that reading keeps the mind sharp. He also delved into these non-fiction reads. (Source)

Man's Search for Meaning

Viktor E. Frankl, William J. Winslade, et al. | 4.50

Tony Robbins Another book that I’ve read dozens of times. It taught me that if you change the meaning, you change everything. Meaning equals emotion, and emotion equals life. (Source)

Jimmy Fallon I read it while spending ten days in the ICU of Bellevue hospital trying to reattach my finger from a ring avulsion accident in my kitchen. It talks about the meaning of life, and I believe you come out a better person from reading it. (Source)

Dustin Moskovitz [Dustin Moskovitz recommended this book on Twitter.] (Source)

Predictably Irrational

The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions

Dan Ariely | 4.48

Nick Harkaway Predictably Irrational is an examination of the way in which we make decisions irrationally, and how that irrationality can be predicted. (Source)

Jonah Lehrer Dan Ariely is a very creative guy and was able to take this basic idea, that humans are irrational, and mine it in a million different directions. (Source)

The Black Swan

The Impact of the Highly Improbable

Nassim Nicholas Taleb | 4.48

Jeff Bezos [From the book "The Everything Store: and the Age of Amazon"] “The scholar argues that people are wired to see patterns in chaos while remaining blind to unpredictable events, with massive consequences. Experimentation and empiricism trumps the easy and obvious narrative,” Stone writes. (Source)

James Altucher And throw in “The Black Swan” and “Fooled by Randomness”. “Fragile” means if you hit something might break. “Resilient” means if you hit something, it will stay the same. On my podcast Nassim discusses “Antifragility” – building a system, even on that works for you on a personal level, where you if you harm your self in some way it becomes stronger. That podcast changed my life He discusses... (Source)

Freakonomics

A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything

Stephen J. Levitt, Steven D.; Dubner | 4.45

Malcolm Gladwell I don’t need to say much here. This book invented an entire genre. Economics was never supposed to be this entertaining. (Source)

Daymond John I love newer books like [this book]. (Source)

James Altucher [James Altucher recommended this book on the podcast "The Tim Ferriss Show".] (Source)

How to Read a Book

The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading

Mortimer J. Adler, Charles Van Doren | 4.45

Sergey Brin had “How to Read a Book” by Mortimer J. Adler as one of his most recommended books. (Source)

Ben Chestnut I also love How to Read a Book by Mortimer Adler. I’m teaching its tips to my children while they’re young, so they can consume books much faster and have more fun reading. (Source)

Kevin Systrom [The author's] thesis is that the most important part of reading a book is to actually read the table of contents and familiarize yourself with the major structure of the book. (Source)

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The Tipping Point

How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference

Malcolm Gladwell | 4.38

Kevin Rose Bunch of really good information in here on how to make ideas go viral. This could be good to apply to any kind of products or ideas you may have. Definitely, check out The Tipping Point, which is one of my favorites. (Source)

Seth Godin Malcolm Gladwell's breakthrough insight was to focus on the micro-relationships between individuals, which helped organizations realize that it's not about the big ads and the huge charity balls... it's about setting the stage for the buzz to start. (Source)

Andy Stern I think that when we talk about making change, it is much more about macro change, like in policy. This book reminds you that at times when you're building big movements, or trying to elect significant decision-makers in politics, sometimes it's the little things that make a difference. Ever since the book was written, we've become very used to the idea of things going viral unexpectedly and then... (Source)

Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness

Richard H. Thaler | 4.37

Dan Ariely Nudge is a very important book. One of the reasons Nudge is so important is because it’s taking these ideas and applying them to the policy domain. Here are the mistakes we make. Here are the ways marketers are trying to influence us. Here’s the way we might be able to fight back. If policymakers understood these principles, what could they do? The other important thing about the book is that it... (Source)

Eric Ries A pioneer in behavioral economics and just recently awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics, his classic book on how to make better decisions. (Source)

Ryan Holiday This might feel like a weird book to include, but I think it presents another side of strategy that is too often forgotten. It’s not always about bold actors and strategic thrusts. Sometimes strategy is about subtle influence. Sometimes it is framing and small tweaks that change behavior. We can have big aims, but get there with little moves. This book has excellent examples of that kind of... (Source)

Asking the Right Questions

A Guide to Critical Thinking

M. Neil Browne, Stuart M. Keeley | 4.36

Enlightenment Now

The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress

Steven Pinker | 4.35

Bill Gates Pinker is at his best when he analyzes historic trends and uses data to put the past into context. I was already familiar with a lot of the information he shares—especially about health and energy—but he understands each subject so deeply that he’s able to articulate his case in a way that feels fresh and new. I love how he’s willing to dive deep into primary data sources and pull out unexpected... (Source)

Yuval Noah Harari There is of course much to argue about, but that’s what makes this book so interesting. (Source)

Sam Harris [Sam Harris picked this book as the first book in his Book Club.] (Source)

The New Psychology of Success

Carol S. Dweck | 4.34

Tony Robbins [Tony Robbins recommended this book on the podcast "The Tim Ferriss Show".] (Source)

Bill Gates One of the reasons I loved Mindset is because it’s solutions-oriented. In the book’s final chapter, Dweck describes the workshop she and her colleagues have developed to shift students from a fixed to a growth mindset. These workshops demonstrate that ‘just learning about the growth mindset can cause a big shift in the way people think about themselves and their lives. (Source)

The Story of Success

Malcolm Gladwell | 4.34

Bill Gates [On Bill Gates's reading list in 2011.] (Source)

James Altucher Gladwell is not the first person to come up with the 10,000 hour rule. Nor is he the first person to document what it takes to become the best in the world at something. But his stories are so great as he explains these deep concepts. How did the Beatles become the best? Why are professional hockey players born in January, February and March? And so on. (Source)

Cat Williams-Treloar The books that I've talked the most about with friends and colleagues over the years are the Malcolm Gladwell series of novels. Glorious stories that mix science, behaviours and insight. You can't go wrong with the "The Tipping Point", "Outliers", "Blink" or "David & Goliath". (Source)

Bad Science

Quacks, Hacks, and Big Pharma Flacks

Ben Goldacre | 4.33

Timothy Ferriss I agree wholeheartedly with a lot of the co-opted science, which people can read a book called Bad Science, which is by a doctor named Ben Goldacre. It’s great. (Source)

Tim Harford This book changed the way I thought about my own writing and it changed the way I thought about the world. It really is one of the best books I have ever read. (Source)

Sarah-Jayne Blakemore It’s just a brilliant book, and he’s a fearless defender of science. (Source)

The Power of Thinking Without Thinking

Malcolm Gladwell | 4.33

Mike Shinoda I know most of the guys in the band read [this book]. (Source)

Marillyn Hewson CEO Marilyn Hewson recommends this book because it helped her to trust her instincts in business. (Source)

A Field Guide to Lies

Critical Thinking with Statistics and the Scientific Method

Daniel J. Levitin | 4.28

The Art of Thinking Clearly

Better Thinking, Better Decision

dobelli rolf | 4.28

Robert Cialdini Dobelli examines our most common decision-making failings with engaging eloquence and describes how to counter them with instructive good sense. (Source)

Nigel Warburton This is an unpretentious book. Dobelli doesn’t claim to be an original thinker himself. He’s a summariser of other people’s thoughts. What he’s done is brought lots of different things together in one place. Each of the 99 entries is pretty short, and it’s the kind of book to dip into. (Source)

Antifragile

Things That Gain from Disorder

Nassim Nicholas Taleb | 4.27

James Altucher You ask about success. To be successful you have to avoid being “fragile” – the idea that if something hurts you, you let collapse completely. You also have to avoid simply being resilient. Bouncing back is not enough. Antifragile is when something tries to hurt you and you come back stronger. That is real life business. That is real life success. Nassim focuses on the economy. But when I read... (Source)

Marvin Liao eval(ez_write_tag([[250,250],'theceolibrary_com-leader-2','ezslot_7',164,'0','1'])); My list would be (besides the ones I mentioned in answer to the previous question) both business & Fiction/Sci-Fi and ones I personally found helpful to myself. The business books explain just exactly how business, work & investing are in reality & how to think properly & differentiate yourself. On... (Source)

Vlad Tenev The general concept is applicable to many fields beyond biology, for instance finance, economics and monetary policy. (Source)

The 5 Elements of Effective Thinking

Edward B. Burger | 4.27

Mistakes Were Made (But Not by Me)

Why We Justify Foolish Beliefs, Bad Decisions, and Hurtful Acts

Mark Haddo | 4.25

Peter Attia A book about cognitive dissonance that looks at common weaknesses and biases in human thinking. Peter wants to ensure he goes through life without being too sure of himeself, and this book helps him to recalibrate. (Source)

Ryan Holiday Cognitive Dissonance is one of the most powerful and delusionary forces in the world. (Source)

David Kramaley When asked what books he would recommend to youngsters interested in his professional path, David mentioned Mistakes Were Made (But Not by Me). (Source)

Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World

Cal Newport | 4.24

Marvin Liao The Joy of Not Working (Zelinkski), Flash Foresight (Burrus), The Art of Worldly Wisdom (Gracian), Sapiens (Yuval), The End of Jobs (Pearson), Deep Work (Newport), Sovereign Individual (Davidson), The Fourth Economy (Davison) & The Monk & the Riddle (Komisar). Every single one of these books completely changed how I looked at everything in the world & literally pushed my life in a new direction.... (Source)

Daniel Pink As automation and outsourcing reshape the workplace, what new skill do we need? The ability to do deep work. Cal Newport's exciting new book is an introduction and guide to the kind of intense concentration in a distraction-free environment that results in fast, powerful learning and performance. Think of it as calisthenics for your mind-and start your exercise program today. (Source)

Seth Godin Cal Newport is a clear voice in a sea of noise, bringing science and passion in equal measure. (Source)

Guns, Germs and Steel

The Fates of Human Societies

Jared Diamond Ph.D. | 4.24

Bill Gates Fascinating.... Lays a foundation for understanding human history. (Source)

Daniel Ek A brilliant Pulitzer Prize-winning book about how the modern world was formed, analyzing how societies developed differently on different continents. (Source)

Yuval Noah Harari A book of big questions, and big answers. The book turned me from a historian of medieval warfare into a student of humankind. (Source)

A Rulebook for Arguments

Anthony Weston | 4.23

The God Delusion

Richard Dawkins | 4.22

Susan Jacoby Richard Dawkins is very funny. One of the reasons for reading The God Delusion is that it will disabuse you of the idea – which is a common stereotype of atheists – that they are utterly humourless. You hear this over and over again. I’m often invited to college campuses to give lectures, and often they’re religious schools – not fundamentalist schools, but colleges of a historically religious... (Source)

Vote Dem For The Planet @KimBledsoe14 @Goodbye_Jesus @Ian313f There were a lot of rebels and drifters in those days against the repressive regime. They had followers. Have you read “The God Delusion”? Great book. (Source)

Antonio Eram This book was recommended by Antonio when asked for titles he would recommend to young people interested in his career path. (Source)

Fooled by Randomness

The Hidden Role of Chance in Life and in the Markets

Nassim Nicholas Taleb | 4.22

Howard Marks Really about how much randomness there is in our world. (Source)

Anant Jain The five-book series, "Incerto", by Nassim Nicholas Taleb has had a profound impact on how I think about the world. There’s some overlap across the books — but you'll likely find the repetition helpful in retaining the content better. (Source)

Emotional Intelligence

Why It Can Matter More Than IQ

Daniel Goleman | 4.22

Drew Houston It’s nonfiction, but it spelled out something that I just didn’t know you could kind of break down in a logical way. And, suddenly, I had this understanding about the world that I didn’t have before. (Source)

Sharon Salzberg [Sharon Salzberg recommended this book on the podcast "The Tim Ferriss Show".] (Source)

Roxana Bitoleanu [One of the books recommends to young people interested in her career path.] (Source)

Amusing Ourselves to Death

Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business

Neil Postman, Andrew Postman | 4.22

Austin Kleon Earlier this year Postman’s son Andrew wrote an op-ed with the title, “My dad predicted Trump in 1985 — it’s not Orwell, he warned, it’s Brave New World.” Postman wrote: “What Orwell feared were those who would ban books. What Huxley feared was that there would be no reason to ban a book, for there would be no one who wanted to read one.” (Source)

Steve Lance Neil Postman took the work of Marshall McLuhan – who was putting out early theories on media – and built on them. However, Postman was far more observant and empirical about the trends occurring in the media landscape. The trends which he identifies in Amusing Ourselves to Death, written in the 1980s, have since all come true. For example, he predicted that if you make news entertaining, then... (Source)

Kara Nortman @andrewchen Also a great book on the topic - Amusing Ourselves to Death https://t.co/yWLBxKumLQ (Source)

You Are Not So Smart

Why You Have Too Many Friends on Facebook, Why Your Memory Is Mostly Fiction, and 46 Other Ways You're Deluding Yourself

David McRaney | 4.21

Jessica Flitter Honestly, almost every major topic that we cover in an introductory social psychology chapter is covered in the book. It makes psychology real: this isn’t something that theoretically exists in the classroom. It exists every single day. That’s why I love this book. (Source)

How Not to Be Wrong

The Power of Mathematical Thinking

Jordan Ellenberg | 4.20

Bill Gates The writing is funny, smooth, and accessible -- not what you might expect from a book about math. What Ellenberg has written is ultimately a love letter to math. If the stories he tells add up to a larger lesson, it’s that 'to do mathematics is to be, at once, touched by fire and bound by reason' -- and that there are ways in which we’re all doing math, all the time. (Source)

Auston Bunsen I’ve got a few, one book that really impacted me early on as someone coming from a middle-class family was “Rich dad, Poor dad”. Since then I’ve read many books but one that really stands out is “How not to be wrong” by Jordan Ellenberg which really reignited my appetite & appreciation for math. (Source)

Nick Ganju Written for an audience of people who have historically been intimidated by math [...] and introduces things in a very simple way, and then works up to more complex concepts. (Source)

"Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!"

Adventures of a Curious Character

Richard P. Feynman, Ralph Leighton, Edward Hutchings, Albert R. Hibbs | 4.19

Sergey Brin Brin told the Academy of Achievement: "Aside from making really big contributions in his own field, he was pretty broad-minded. I remember he had an excerpt where he was explaining how he really wanted to be a Leonardo [da Vinci], an artist and a scientist. I found that pretty inspiring. I think that leads to having a fulfilling life." (Source)

Larry Page Google co-founder has listed this book as one of his favorites. (Source)

Peter Attia The book I’ve recommended most. (Source)

Critical Thinking

Tools for Taking Charge of Your Professional and Personal Life

Richard Paul, Linda Elder | 4.19

How to Think About Weird Things

Critical Thinking for a New Age

Theodore Schick, Lewis Vaughn | 4.19

Stephen Law Carefully and critically, aware of the various cognitive biases to which we are, unfortunately, all very prone. This book explains various fallacies to watch out for; the Slippery Slope, the Straw Man fallacy, the Post Hoc fallacy, and so on. It points out all of the problems that we’ve already looked at so far as anecdotal evidence is concerned. It includes many impressive case studies and... (Source)

The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe

How to Know What's Really Real in a World Increasingly Full of Fake

Steven Novella, Bob Novella - contributor, et al | 4.19

Black Box Thinking

Why Some People Never Learn from Their Mistakes - But Some Do

Matthew Syed | 4.18

Richard Branson [...] highlights the need for a growth mindset in life. It advocates for changing attitudes towards failure, and understanding that the only way we learn is by trying things and altering our behaviour based on the results. It’s an attitude we found incredibly valuable during my highlight of the year, completing the Virgin Strive Challenge. (Source)

Daniel Ek Since reading this book, I’ve literally incorporated this approach to problem-solving into every day. (Source)

Nigel Warburton As Syed argues, we progress in all kinds of areas is by making mistakes. He was a superb table-tennis player, and he knows that every mistake that he made was a learning experience, at least potentially, a chance to improve. I think you’d find the same attitude among musicians, or in areas where practitioners are very attentive to the mistake that they make, and how those failures can teach them... (Source)

How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger - Second Edition with a New Chapter by the Author

Darrell Huff and Irving Gei | 4.17

Bill Gates I picked this one up after seeing it on a Wall Street Journal list of good books for investors. It was first published in 1954, but it doesn’t feel dated (aside from a few anachronistic examples—it has been a long time since bread cost 5 cents a loaf in the United States). In fact, I’d say it’s more relevant than ever. One chapter shows you how visuals can be used to exaggerate trends and give... (Source)

Tobi Lütke We all live in Malcolm’s world because the shipping container has been hugely influential in history. (Source)

Jason Zweig This is a terrific introduction to critical thinking about statistics, for people who haven’t taken a class in statistics. (Source)

A Brief History of Tomorrow

Yuval Noah Harari | 4.16

Richard Branson I certainly wouldn’t consider myself a big reader of paleontology or anthropology – not good words for us dyslexics! – but I enjoy learning about how society has unfolded and history has developed in an exciting, easy to read way. The sequel, Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow, is a fascinating look into the future too. While these aren’t traditional business or leadership books, they are all... (Source)

Bill Gates Harari’s new book is as challenging and readable as Sapiens. Rather than looking back, as Sapiens does, it looks to the future. I don’t agree with everything the author has to say, but he has written a thoughtful look at what may be in store for humanity. (Source)

Vinod Khosla Not that I agree with all of it, but it is still mind-bending speculation about our future as a follow-up to a previous favorite, Sapiens. It’s directionally right. (Source)

Why People Believe Weird Things

Michael Shermer, Stephen Jay Gould | 4.16

Richard Wiseman A wider perspective on the paranormal, looking at UFOs and conspiracies – where people link up ideas which aren’t necessarily connected to one another. (Source)

The Selfish Gene

Richard Dawkins | 4.16

Why are there miles and miles of "unused" DNA within each of our bodies? Why should a bee give up its own chance to reproduce to help raise her sisters and brothers? With a prophet's clarity, Dawkins told us the answers from the perspective of molecules competing for limited space and resources to produce more of their own kind. Drawing fascinating examples from every field of biology, he paved the way for a serious re-evaluation of evolution. He also introduced the concept of self-reproducing ideas, or memes , which (seemingly) use humans exclusively for their propagation. If we are puppets, he says, at least we can try to understand our strings. --Rob Lightner

Charles T. Munger recommends this book in the second edition of Poor Charlie’s Almanack. (Source)

Matt Ridley Turned evolutionary biology on its head and was written like a great detective story. (Source)

Phil Libin Had a profound influence on me pretty early on. (Source)

How We Know What Isn't So

The Fallibility of Human Reason in Everyday Life

Thomas Gilovich | 4.16

Jonah Lehrer A really smart book and the reason I put it on there is that it really invented the genre of science non-fiction. (Source)

Nicholas Epley This is a book about intuitive human judgment and how the way we think about the world can be distorted and misdirected by forces within our own mind, like our tendency to think well of ourselves, by cognitive forces, such as the ease with which information comes to mind, and by environmental forces, like asymmetries in feedback. (Source)

Being Logical

A Guide to Good Thinking

D.Q. McInerny | 4.14

David and Goliath

Underdogs, Misfits, and the Art of Battling Giants

Malcolm Gladwell | 4.14

Catalina Penciu Business-wise, my goal for this year is to improve my collection and my mindset, but my favorite so far has been David and Goliath by Malcolm Gladwell. (Source)

Robert Katai Buy Malcolm Gladwell’s book “David and Goliath” and read the interesting stories about how the Davids of that moments have defeated the Goliaths. (Source)

The Signal and the Noise

Why So Many Predictions Fail - But Some Don't

Nate Silver | 4.14

Bill Gates Anyone interested in politics may be attracted to Nate Silver’s The Signal and the Noise: Why So Many Predictions Fail—but Some Don't. Silver is the New York Times columnist who got a lot of attention last fall for predicting—accurately, as it turned out–the results of the U.S. presidential election. This book actually came out before the election, though, and it’s about predictions in many... (Source)

The End of Faith

Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason

Sam Harris | 4.13

Evan Carmichael His first book, The End of Faith, spent 33 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list. He's one of the most sought after speakers in the world. He's Sam Harris and here's my take on his Top 10 Rules for Success! #Believe #EvanCarmichael #SamHarris #entrepreneur #valueyourtime https://t.co/ZL0iUlqCOT (Source)

Dr. Andrew Weil One of the books that I have commonly given out to people. (Source)

Lies My Teacher Told Me

Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong

James W. Loewen | 4.13

Talking to Strangers

What We Should Know about the People We Don't Know

Malcolm Gladwell | 4.13

Ryan Holiday I'll put here what I emailed Malcolm when I finished the book: "Just finished your new book in one sitting yesterday. So good. You are at the height of your powers and remain an inspiration to all of us trying to master an un-masterable profession." It's a little less practical or self-improvement oriented than his previous books, but far more thought provoking. (Source)

Nilofer Merchant An interesting analysis/ essay re Gladwell’s latest book —> https://t.co/5Ey1maNRyI (Source)

God Is Not Great

How Religion Poisons Everything

Christopher Hitchens | 4.13

Sam Harris You can get the benefit of both his voice and his writing if you listen to [this audiobook]. (Source)

Poor Charlie's Almanack

The Wit and Wisdom of Charles T. Munger

Peter D. Kaufman, Ed Wexler, Warren E. Buffett, Charles T. Munger | 4.12

Warren Buffett From 1733 to 1758, Ben Franklin dispensed useful and timeless advice through Poor Richard's Almanack. Among the virtues extolled were thrift, duty, hard work, and simplicity. Subsequently, two centuries went by during which Ben's thoughts on these subjects were regarded as the last word. Then Charlie Munger stepped forth. (Source)

Naval Ravikant I always recommend [this book] as my top business book. (Source)

Think like a Freak

The Authors of Freakonomics Offer to Retrain Your Brain

Steven D. Levitt, Stephen J. Dubner | 4.12

Critical Thinking Skills

Effective Analysis, Argument and Reflection

Stella Cottrell | 4.12

The Invisible Gorilla

And Other Ways Our Intuitions Deceive Us

Christopher Chabris, Daniel Simons | 4.11

Dan Ariely These guys did one of the most important pieces of research in social science, to show how little we actually see in the world around us. (Source)

The Undoing Project

A Friendship That Changed Our Minds

Michael Lewis | 4.11

Doug McMillon Here are some of my favorite reads from 2017. Lots of friends and colleagues send me book suggestions and it's impossible to squeeze them all in. I continue to be super curious about how digital and tech are enabling people to transform our lives but I try to read a good mix of books that apply to a variety of areas and stretch my thinking more broadly. (Source)

David Heinemeier Hansson Michael Lewis is just a great storyteller, and tell a story in this he does. It’s about two Israeli psychologists, their collaboration on the irrationality of the human mind, and the milestones they set with concepts like loss-aversion, endowment effect, and other common quirks that the assumption of rationality doesn’t account for. It’s a bit long-winded, but if you like Lewis’ style, you... (Source)

Francisco Perez Mackenna ​This summer, Mackenna is learning more about the birth of behavioral economics, the psychology of white collar crime, and the restoration of American cities as locations of economic growth. (Source)

The Organized Mind

Thinking Straight in the Age of Information Overload

Daniel J. Levitin | 4.11

David Allen Your head is not designed to remember, remind, prioritize, or manage relationships with more than four things. I’ve known this experientially for the last 35 years—that your head is for having ideas, but it’s a terrible place to hang onto them. Levitin validated that in a very rigorously researched book. (Source)

Your Guide to Effective Argument, Successful Analysis and Independent Study

Tom Chatfield | 4.11

Nigel Warburton Clearly written and accessible. Chatfield teaches a point, then asks you to test yourself to see whether you’ve learnt the moves that he’s described. It’s very wide ranging: it includes material on cognitive biases as well as more logical moves and arguments. (Source)

The Coddling of the American Mind

How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting Up a Generation for Failure

Greg Lukianoff, Jonathan Haidt | 4.10

Mark Manson The kids aren’t alright. No, really—I know every generation says that, but this time it’s true. Kids who grew up with smartphones (and have begun to enter the university system) are emotionally stunted, overly fragile, and exhibiting mental health issues at alarming rates. I expected this book to be another, “Let’s all shit on social media together,” party, but it’s not. Social media, of course,... (Source)

Max Levchin Highlights the need to continue to have such discussions about sensitive topics instead of ignoring them for the sake of comfort. (Source)

Glenn Beck Just finished The Coddling of the American mind by @glukianoff Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt. Insightful. Straight forward and very helpful. A book that not only correctly identifies what ails us but also gives practical steps to cure. MUST READ (Source)

Nonviolent Communication

A Language of Life

Marshall B. Rosenberg, Deepak Chopra | 4.10

Satya Nadella Upon becoming CEO, Nadella confronted Microsoft’s legendarily combative culture by urging his new reports to read this book, which preaches the power of empathy, self-awareness, and authenticity in collaboration in the workplace, at home, and beyond. Like many of his favorites, it was first recommended to him by his wife, Anu: “I’m heavily influenced by the books she reads more than the books I... (Source)

Dustin Moskovitz Seek first to understand. (Source)

Esther Perel I think that this book is a classic for anyone who is thinking relationships. (Source)

How to Make Better Decisions

Dan Heath, Chip,Heath | 4.09

Cristian-Dragos Baciu So for business related books, the one that I think had the most impact for me was Decisive: How to make better choices in life and work, by Chip & Dan Heath. [...] The reason I enjoyed their work so much is because they offer real-life stories and insights that makes it so much easier for the reader to imprint that information in his mind. (Source)

Sean Mallon It looks at what hinders great decision making, and how to improve any decisions you make. Any entrepreneur knows how crucial their decisions in business are (and how devastating indecision can be). Decisive helps the reader to understand how good decisions are made, what key elements to look for, and how to make your choices better and quicker. (Source)

Julia Galef Explains four of the biggest judgment errors [...] and gives tips for combating them. (Source)

A More Beautiful Question

The Power of Inquiry to Spark Breakthrough Ideas

Warren Berger | 4.08

21 Lessons for the 21st Century

Yuval Noah Harari | 4.08

Bill Gates Harari is such a stimulating writer that even when I disagreed, I wanted to keep reading and thinking. All three of his books wrestle with some version of the same question: What will give our lives meaning in the decades and centuries ahead? So far, human history has been driven by a desire to live longer, healthier, happier lives. If science is eventually able to give that dream to most people,... (Source)

Brajesh Kumar Singh Harari, currently, the world's best historian and future analyst, is a gay! He is a Jew and writes his books in Hebrew! Got universal acclaim for his first book Sapiens, followed by Homo Deus and now the latest, 21 lessons for the 21st century! Salute to this genius, keep it up! https://t.co/s7R6oEbwiN (Source)

Eh Bee Family @harari_yuval This book is amazing. After every chapter...I pause...then freak out...then gather myself and keep reading. (Source)

Superforecasting

The Art and Science of Prediction

Philip E. Tetlock, Dan Gardner | 4.08

Sheil Kapadia Read the book Superforecasting, had a great conversation with @bcmassey and came up with seven ideas for how NFL teams can try to find small edges during the draft process. Would love to hear feedback on this one. https://t.co/PdN1fKCagl (Source)

Julia Galef [Has] some good advice on how to improve your ability to make accurate predictions. (Source)

The Magic of Reality

How We Know What's Really True

Richard Dawkins | 4.08

Bill Gates Dawkins, an evolutionary biologist at Oxford, has a gift for making science enjoyable. This book is as accessible as the TV series Cosmos is for younger audiences—and as relevant for older audiences. It’s an engaging, well-illustrated science textbook offering compelling answers to big questions, like “how did the universe form?” and “what causes earthquakes?” It’s also a plea for readers of all... (Source)

Vote Dem For The Planet @EJDuboisL7444 @realDonaldTrump It’s a great book, like all Dawkins’ books. (Source)

The Shock Doctrine

The Rise of Disaster Capitalism

Naomi Klein | 4.08

George Monbiot The Shock Doctrine explains some of the mechanisms by which patrimonial capital acquires power and enhances its wealth. It’s a brilliant piece of work, and one of those rare books that changes the way you perceive the world. (Source)

Mat Whitecross It starts with the theory that moments of crisis have been utilised by the right wing in the US and other countries to manipulate people into following their agenda. (Source)

Donna Dickenson Naomi Klein’s argument is that capitalism actually requires deliberately engineered shocks to the economic systems. (Source)

Algorithms to Live By

The Computer Science of Human Decisions

Brian Christian and Tom Griffiths | 4.08

Sriram Krishnan @rabois @nealkhosla Yes! Love that book (Source)

Chris Oliver This is a great book talking about how you can use computer science to help you make decisions in life. How do you know when to make a decision on the perfect house? Car? etc? It helps you apply algorithms to making those decisions optimally without getting lost. (Source)

Judgment Under Uncertainty

Heuristics and biases.

Daniel Kahneman | 4.07

Jonah Lehrer This is one of the most influential books in modern economics. (Source)

Adam Robinson This study should be taught at every business school in the country. (Source)

The Blind Watchmaker

Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe Without Design

Richard Dawkins | 4.06

James Randi They talk about the blind watchmaker not being able to make a watch, but if you’re given an almost infinite number of combinations and permutations of materials and situations, the world will come about. Or it may not. In our case, it came about. You’re here, I’m here, and I’m very happy about that. (Source)

Jerry Coyne If I had to pick just one self-contained book that lays out Dawkins’s philosophy and methodology, and shows his literary skills, I would have to pick this one. (Source)

Tom Clarke Dawkins brought Darwin up to date, explaining evolution in a way that incorporates our understanding of genetics and heredity. (Source)

This Will Make You Smarter

New Scientific Concepts to Improve Your Thinking

John Brockman | 4.06

Think Smarter

Critical Thinking to Improve Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Skills

Michael Kallet | 4.06

The Believing Brain

From Ghosts and Gods to Politics and Conspiracies---How We Construct Beliefs and Reinforce Them as Truths

MICHAEL SHERMER | 4.05

The Shallows

What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains

Nicholas Carr | 4.05

Juliette Aristides Nicholas Carr talks at length about what is gained and lost by technological progress. Reading and writing enlarged people’s sympathetic response and enriched their lives even when the book was put aside. One could say the same thing about drawing. (Source)

Andra Zaharia While I was thinking of the best books to add to this short list, I realized that not even half of them are directly related to digital marketing. This is because I believe that the best marketers are people who understand human nature deeply and aim to bring out the best in it. Call me naive, but that’s how I see it. If I were to want to pursue a career in marketing, I’d read [...] The Shallows. (Source)

How Drug Companies Mislead Doctors and Harm Patients

Ben Goldacre | 4.04

Tools for Smart Thinking

Richard Nisbett | 4.04

The Drunkard's Walk

How Randomness Rules Our Lives

Leonard Mlodinow | 4.03

David Spiegelhalter This is a general introduction to the history of probability and the way it comes into everyday life. It intersperses the historical development with modern applications, and looks at finance, sport, gambling, lotteries and coincidences. (Source)

Gabriel Coarna Leonard Mlodinow's "The Drunkarkd's Walk" -more precisely, the section on the "Monty Hall" problem- totally changed how I look-at/think-about probabilities and choices in general; this has impacted almost every real-life choice I've made since I read this book. (Source)

Don't Believe Everything You Think

The 6 Basic Mistakes We Make in Thinking

Thomas E. Kida | 4.03

What the Dog Saw and Other Adventures

Malcolm Gladwell | 4.03

Sam Freedman @mrianleslie (Also I agree What the Dog Saw is his best book). (Source)

Merchants of Doubt

How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming

Erik M Conway | 4.03

Elon Musk I recommend people read a book called Merchants of Doubt. All they need to do is create doubt. (Source)

Trick or Treatment

The Undeniable Facts about Alternative Medicine

Edzard Ernst, Simon Singh | 4.03

Jennifer Gunter @EdzardErnst @SLSingh Fantastic book. Really. Thank you for writing it!! (Source)

Stephen Law I really like this book. It’s a modern classic of the sceptic movement. Simon Singh is an excellent science writer. Edzard Ernst is the world’s first professor of complementary medicine. Well he was, Ernst is retired now. He started out convinced that there was some truth to the claims made by homeopathy and some other alternative practices. He was trained as a homeopath and he was a practising... (Source)

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

Thomas S. Kuhn and Ian Hacking | 4.02

Mark Zuckerberg It's a history of science book that explores the question of whether science and technology make consistent forward progress or whether progress comes in bursts related to other social forces. I tend to think that science is a consistent force for good in the world. I think we'd all be better off if we invested more in science and acted on the results of research. I'm excited to explore this... (Source)

Tim O'Reilly The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, by Thomas Kuhn. Kuhn introduced the term "paradigm shift" to describe the changeover from Ptolemaic to Copernican astronomy. But the book is far more than a classic in the history of science. It's also a book that emphasizes how what we already believe shapes what we see, what we allow ourselves to think. I've always tried to separate seeing itself from... (Source)

Andra Zaharia I’ve gone through quite a few experiences brought on or shaped by what I’ve learned from books. A particularly unexpected one happened in college when our public relations teacher asked us to read a book called The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas Kuhn. As a humanities student, you can imagine that I wasn’t thrilled I’d have to read a book on science, but what followed blew my mind... (Source)

The Art of Reasoning

An Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking

David Kelley | 4.02

How to Change Your Mind

What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence

POLLAN MICHAE | 4.02

Daniel Goleman Michael Pollan masterfully guides us through the highs, lows, and highs again of psychedelic drugs. How to Change Your mind chronicles how it’s been a longer and stranger trip than most any of us knew. (Source)

Yuval Noah Harari Changed my mind, or at least some of the ideas held in my mind. (Source)

David Heinemeier Hansson How we get locked into viewing the world, ourselves, and each other in a certain way, and then finding it difficult to relate to alternative perspectives or seeing other angles. Studying philosophy, psychology, and sociology is a way to break those rigid frames we all build over time. But that’s still all happening at a pretty high level of perception. Mind altering drugs, and especially... (Source)

Seeing Like a State

How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed

Professor James C. Scott | 4.02

Marvin Liao I tend to jump from book to book and may switch if I am interested in some new topic. This is a pleasure for me (which I also do benefit work wise from too). It’s quite a random list because I have eclectic interests (or just scatterbrained most likely) on tech business, AI, general global economy, geopolitics, rising Biotech economy & history. I'm basically 15% to 50% into all these books. (Source)

Venkatesh Rao Scott’s book is very important for anybody who wants to have an understanding of how complex modern societies work, why things seem to fail predictably, and what you can do about them, to a limited extent. (Source)

Clare Lockhart Seeing Like A State. He’s quite similar to Dewey in a way. He also sees the state as only a mechanism. But he thinks that the way that the state chooses to count, or the way it chooses to see, will inform how it behaves and what kind of animal it becomes. Scott explains, for example, how in France, in early modern times, the state decided to count two things. It decided to count how much salt... (Source)

Wait, What?

And Life's Other Essential Questions

James E. Ryan and HarperAudi | 4.02

The Greatest Show on Earth

The Evidence for Evolution

Richard Dawkins, Well-illustrated | 4.02

The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment

Thomas Gilovich, Dale Griffin, Daniel Kahneman | 4.02

Matthew Syed This is another really good set of essays in a rapidly growing branch of intellectual enquiry called behavioural economics where they look at the irrationalities in the way that humans behave. I thought this was brilliant. One essay in particular on irrational optimism caught my eye. It’s the idea that individuals who have slightly inflated expectations of their own abilities tend to persevere... (Source)

The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking

Concepts and Tools

Richard Paul, Linda Elder | 4.02

This miniature guide, which has sold more than half a million copies, is widely used in teach and learning, in personal and professional life. It distills the essence of critical thinking into a 23-page, pocket-sized guide. It introduces the interrelated complex of critical thinking concepts and principles implicit in the works of Richard Paul and Linda Elder. This guide is widely used at the college level. It can be used as a critical thinking supplement to any textbook or course.

Being Wrong

Adventures in the Margin of Error

Kathryn Schulz | 4.02

Peter Attia One of the books that considers to be an important read for people interested in his career path. (Source)

Fabrice Grinda I have lots of books to recommend, but they are not related to my career path. The only one that is remotely related is Peter Thiel’s Zero to One. That said here are books I would recommend. (Source)

The Portable Atheist

Essential Readings for the Nonbeliever

Christopher Hitchens | 4.02

Thinking in Bets

Making Smarter Decisions When You Don't Have All the Facts

Annie Duke | 4.01

Charles Duhigg Through wonderful storytelling and sly wit, Annie Duke has crafted the ultimate guide to thinking about risk. We can all learn how to make better decisions by learning from someone who made choices for a living, with millions on the line. (Source)

Marc Andreessen Compact guide to probabilistic domains like poker, or venture capital. Best articulation of "resulting", drawing bad conclusions from confusing process and outcome. Recommend for people operating in the real world. (Source)

Seth Godin Brilliant. Buy ten copies and give one to everyone you work with. It's that good. (Source)

Thank You for Arguing

What Aristotle, Lincoln, and Homer Simpson Can Teach Us About the Art of Persuasion

Jay Heinrichs | 4.01

Angela Pham The attendees in the altMBA program actually influenced me the most in my book purchases: Robin Flaherty persuaded me to buy Thank You For Arguing. (Source)

Teaching Critical Thinking

Practical Wisdom

bell hooks | 4.01

Letter to a Christian Nation

Sam Harris | 4.01

Finite and Infinite Games a Vision of Life as Play and Possibility

James P. Carse | 4.01

Jane McGonigal It’s basically a book about games, but then it turns out it’s about the meaning of life. (Source)

Tom Critchlow @fkpxls Also it made me think of analogies to finite and infinite games. Have you read that book? If not you might enjoy it! (Source)

Kevin Kelly Gave me a mathematical framework for my own spirituality. (Source)

Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds

Charles MacKay | 4.01

Jonah Lehrer A wonderful eclectic history of mass human irrationality, and a great history of financial bubbles. (Source)

Tom Joseph "Do you know who I am"- Trump cries a/b his status, Iran & Obama are panic b4 his bubble pops Mania's will end in panic as noted in a favorite book: Extraordinary Popular Delusions & the Madness of Crowds by Charles Mackay. Not a plug-written in 1841 Trumpmania is now Trumpanic https://t.co/WnVGJ8Hung (Source)

John Gapper It’s a very patchy book, but it leads off with three classic financial booms and busts – tulip mania in Holland, the Mississippi scheme in 18th century France, and the South Sea Bubble. MacKay was a journalist with a fine tabloid style, and he writes it all up very entertainingly. He gets the eyewitness quotes and he finds the human foibles. (Source)

Skin in the Game

Hidden Asymmetries in Daily Life

Nassim Nicholas Taleb | 4.01

Ben Horowitz A book about the dynamics of how large-scale, highly random systems behave. (Source)

Marc Andreessen Skin in the game as conflict of interest, or as attaching one's livelihood to one's speech? Who to listen to, and why. Ideal counterpart to Philip Tetlock's Expert Political Judgment. (Source)

Daniel Kahneman Changed my view of how the world works. (Source)

Psychics, ESP, Unicorns, and Other Delusions

James Randi, Isaac Asimov | 4.01

Richard Wiseman This book had a huge impact on me when I first came across it, because it was the first time I’d seen a whole volume which wasn’t taking any nonsense. (Source)

Why Evolution Is True

Jerry A. Coyne | 4.01

An Illustrated Book of Bad Arguments

Ali Almossawi, Alejandro Giraldo | 4.00

Beyond Feelings

Vincent Ruggiero | 4.00

The Power of the Socratic Classroom

Students. Questions. Dialogue. Learning.

Charles Ames Fischer | 4.00

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5 of the Best Books on Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving

Critical Thinking: Hypothesis-Driven Thinking

Anyone can come up with a good idea. The real challenge is putting that idea into action. In this online course, explore how to form compelling, testable hypotheses and bring ideas to life in your own organization.

Critical Thinking: Structured Reasoning

Even a few simple techniques for logical decision making and persuasion can vastly improve your skills as a leader. Explore how critical thinking can help you evaluate complex business problems, reduce bias, and devise effective solutions.

Critical Thinking: Problem-Solving

Problem-solving is a central business skill, and yet it's the one many people struggle with most. This course will show you how to apply critical thinking techniques to common business examples, avoid misunderstandings, and get at the root of any problem.

Critical thinking is an essential skill to master whether you aspire to compete in the fast-paced startup space or just improve your daily workflow. But no one is born a master problem solver. Like any other skill, you’ll need to study and practice.

When it comes to self-study, all the Wikipedia articles and Quora questions in the world can’t replace a good book. We asked GLOBIS faculty members to weigh in on the books that helped them step-up their critical thinking game.

Decipher the Data

The signal and the noise: why so many predictions fail—but some don’t , by nate silver.

Do you ever feel so lost in data that you forget what you’re looking for in the first place? Do you find it difficult to parse the important details from large sets of data? Nate Silver’s The Signal and the Noise will help you sift through the numbers and find what’s most useful for your purposes.

In the GLOBIS Critical Thinking course , we teach that the most important step of the problem-solving process is identifying the issue. After that, you’ll need to break down the issue into a set of points (like criteria). Finally, you search for data to support or change these points.

The Signal and the Noise applies this process to the realm of predictions in the age of Big Data.

Ultimately, Silver cautions against overconfidence in predictions, ranging from the stock market to sports and politics, and the importance of assessing the level of certainty in your findings. He also points to the often-hidden assumptions in data—another important lesson you’ll find in GLOBIS’s Critical Thinking class. What makes this book exciting is the way it explores current issues in a quantitative way, challenging what we thought to be true and the prediction process behind it. Aside from that, there are many other tips and tricks to improve your problem-solving and data analysis skills.

While I can’t claim to make many predictions, if you’re looking to hone your critical thinking skills, I can say with confidence that you’ll enjoy this book!

—Brian Cathcart, Critical Thinking Faculty at GLOBIS University

Think about the Way You Think

Thinking, fast and slow , by daniel kahneman.

What if you found out you had a disease with a 10% mortality rate? Would it be worse than a disease with a 90% survival rate? In fact, your chances of making it through are precisely the same, but somehow, we tend to respond more positively to the latter scenario.

This is an example of the framing effect , one of many biases and heuristics introduced in Daniel Kahneman’s bestseller Thinking, Fast and Slow . Kahneman, a Nobel laureate, presents decades of fascinating insights into our not-so-rational minds. He elegantly summarizes our thinking into two processes: System 1 and System 2.

System 1 is effortless and instantaneous, handling thoughts like 2+2=4. It is our autopilot that guides us through most of the day, allowing us to simultaneously manage complex tasks like driving a car while chatting with the passenger about the morning news.

System 2, on the other hand, is a process that we have to manually switch on to tackle something more mentally challenging. System 1 can handle 2+2 instantly, but System 2 needs to kick in for us to work out 27×18.

Kahneman’s mind-blowing research and simple tests show us just how laughably irrational System 1 can be. It is a powerful reminder of why it’s worth questioning our own judgment.

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Fooled by Randomness , by Nassim Nicholas Taleb

Fooled by Randomness offers a narrower, but still powerful illustration of how the flaws of our thinking habits skew our worldview. In a precursor to his bestseller The Black Swan , Nassim Taleb focuses on the role of randomness in our lives, and how underestimating this randomness can have potentially serious consequences.

In business, it’s generally unpopular to ascribe results to luck. Countless books and articles seek to explain the genius behind the success of certain companies and businesspeople. And when results go sour, people point to poor decisions that should have been avoided.

Compelling as it may be, this storytelling misleads us into believing that we control much more than we do. Taleb argues that luck, in fact, plays a large role in any success, and smart decisions can lead to poor outcomes (hard as it may be to convince your boss or shareholders).

Taleb’s tone throughout the book is often cynical and scathing, and he is clearly not a fan of MBAs. But his message is still important for any businessperson who wants to keep their feet on the ground. As I often tell MBA students in my Critical Thinking course, even the most thorough analysis and planning cannot guarantee success. However, critical thinking can help us reduce the role of luck in our decision-making. Ultimately, that will increase our odds of success.

—Jake Pratley, Critical Thinking Faculty at GLOBIS University

Learn from Those Who Came Before You

Problem solving 101 , by ken watanabe.

The Japanese bestseller Problem Solving 101 is quite easy to read, since it’s targeted towards an elementary school level. Don’t let that deter you, though—the content itself covers practical elements in business, from diagnosing the situation to identifying root causes and decision-making.

During these uncertain times, it’s getting harder and harder to make confident decisions. We tend to rely on our past experiences and knowledge rather than asses the issues at hand. But if you face unprecedented events, you’ll require the right skills to identify problems and develop the right solutions to solve them. This book will help you acquire these skills.

Toyota Production System: Beyond Large-Scale Production , by Taiichi Ohno

Taiichi Ohno built the foundation of the famous Toyota Production System (TPS). This book dives into the background, history, and philosophy of the concepts utilized in this system, including kaizen , jido-ka , and kanban.

For example, although Toyota changed its zero-inventory policy specifically to deal with shortages of semiconductors, TPS can help improve productivity with limited resources in any industry.

This book also shows us the importance of Toyota’s philosophy—which is what really drives the popularity of TPS worldwide. Many organizations have introduced TPS into their everyday operations, but most fail to utilize the robust philosophy of the system to its full potential.

Ohno’s book may be a bit old, but its indisputable influence on the business world means it’s still more than worth reading now.

—Takashi Tsutsumi, Critical Thinking Faculty at GLOBIS University

Turn the Page on Your Critical Thinking Journey

Understanding critical thinking and problem-solving means a lot more than being the best brainstormer at the pitch meeting. It also means you can identify obstacles, overcome them, and consider the best decisions for yourself and those around you.

Ultimately, if you’re learning how to be a critical thinker, you’re also learning how to become an independent and decisive decision maker. Like a beautiful logic tree , you’ll need to nourish your mind in order to grow. A good read is a great way to get started.

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The Leidener

8 Best Books on Critical Thinking for a Successful Career – Tools to Transform Your Mindset

Critical thinking isn’t just a buzzword; it’s a powerful skillset that can empower you to excel in your career. By developing your critical thinking muscles, you become a more valuable employee, capable of tackling challenges with greater confidence and agility.

But how does one cultivate such skills? The answer lies in learning from experts through their insightful writings. In this article, we explore five groundbreaking books on critical thinking.

1. “Thinking, Fast and Slow” by Daniel Kahneman

Daniel Kahneman , a Nobel laureate, introduces the dual-process theory in “ Thinking, Fast and Slow ,” dividing thought processes into intuitive (System 1) and analytical (System 2) thinking.

System 1 is fast and emotional, leading to quick conclusions, while System 2 is slower, more logical, and methodical. Understanding these systems is crucial for distinguishing between situations that require quick decisions and those that benefit from a more deliberate approach.

How to Improve Decision-Making in the Workplace?

Kahneman provides practical insights into how these thought processes affect decision-making and judgment in professional settings. He illustrates how to identify and overcome cognitive biases and logical fallacies.

These insights help professionals to make more informed decisions, fostering a thoughtful and effective work environment.

2. “Factfulness” by Hans Rosling

Hans Rosling ‘s “Factfulness” champions the use of data to accurately understand the world. He argues that many people’s worldviews are based on misconceptions, advocating for a fact-based perspective.

Rosling’s emphasis on data literacy is crucial for questioning assumptions and overcoming biases, particularly relevant in today’s data-driven professional environments.

Importance of Data Literacy in Professional Decision Making

“ Factfulness ” is a guide for professionals to navigate a world inundated with data. Rosling demonstrates how accurate data interpretation leads to better business and policy decisions. This approach promotes adaptability and forward-thinking, essential traits for career advancement.

3. “The Skeptic’s Guide to the Future” by Steven Novella

Steven Novella, in “The Skeptic’s Guide to the Future,” advocates for skepticism as a tool for evaluating emerging trends and technologies. He teaches readers to balance optimism about the future with critical questioning, helping professionals avoid the pitfalls of uncritically following trends or investing in unproven technologies.

Definition of Skepticism in Strategic Planning

Novella’s approach is crucial for strategic planning  and innovation. He guides professionals on how to critically assess new ideas and technologies, leading to more sustainable and successful innovations. This skepticism is key to maintaining a competitive edge in any industry.

4. “Predictably Irrational” by Dan Ariely

In “Predictably Irrational,”  Dan Ariely  explores how irrational behaviors often influence our decision-making. He uses experiments to show how emotions and social norms can lead to irrational choices. For professionals, understanding these patterns is vital for making more objective decisions.

Rational Decision-Making in Negotiation and Leadership

Ariely’s insights are particularly relevant for enhancing negotiation and leadership skills. By recognizing and mitigating irrational tendencies, professionals can negotiate more effectively and lead teams with a balanced, rational approach.

5. “Think Again” by Adam M. Grant

Adam M. Grant’s “Think Again” delves into the  importance of rethinking and questioning  one’s long-held beliefs. Grant argues that the ability to rethink and reassess information is crucial for growth and adaptability in both personal and professional life.

He encourages embracing the joy of being wrong and the necessity of questioning even the most fundamental beliefs to foster continuous learning and improvement.

Adaptability and Innovation

In a professional context, Grant’s principles are transformative. He highlights how adaptability, born out of the willingness to reconsider one’s views, is essential in today’s fast-paced business environment.

Grant demonstrates that professionals who regularly challenge their own ideas can drive innovation and stay ahead in their careers. This mindset not only leads to personal growth but also cultivates a culture of open-mindedness and progressive thinking in the workplace.

6. “Critical Thinking: Tools for Taking Charge of Your Professional and Personal Life” by Richard Paul and Linda Elder

Richard Paul and Linda Elder ‘s book provides a comprehensive guide to understanding the principles of critical thinking. The authors present critical thinking as a set of tools for taking charge of one’s professional and personal life, emphasizing the importance of questioning assumptions and evaluating evidence.

They provide a framework for identifying and challenging biases, leading to more effective decision-making.

Application in Everyday Professional Scenarios

This book is particularly useful for professionals seeking to apply critical thinking skills in everyday work scenarios. Paul and Elder offer practical strategies for enhancing critical analysis and problem-solving skills, which are essential for navigating complex workplace situations.

Readers will learn how to apply these tools in real-world contexts, leading to better judgment and more strategic thinking.

7. “The 5 Elements of Effective Thinking” by Edward B. Burger and Michael Starbird

Edward B. Burger and Michael Starbird’s “The 5 Elements of Effective Thinking” presents a novel approach to developing thinking skills. The authors break down  effective thinking into five essential elements : understanding deeply, failing in order to succeed, raising questions, seeing the flow of ideas, and changing one’s perspective.

Practical Tools for Career Growth

Each element offers practical tools for career growth. The book encourages embracing failure as a learning opportunity and continuously questioning to deepen understanding.

It provides insights into how shifting perspectives can lead to innovative solutions, making it an invaluable resource for professionals who aim to enhance their cognitive abilities and advance in their careers.

8. “Superforecasting: The Art and Science of Prediction” by Philip E. Tetlock and Dan Gardner

The book begins by challenging the common perception that accurate forecasting is the domain of a few gifted individuals. Instead, Tetlock and Gardner argue that superforecasting is a skill that can be cultivated through practice and a systematic approach.

They present a fascinating study conducted by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), which found that some ordinary people could predict global events with astonishing accuracy.

Cultivating the Superforecaster Mindset

Superforecasting  is not just about being knowledgeable; it’s about thinking critically, being open to new information, and updating beliefs as new data comes in.

The authors provide a detailed analysis of the thought processes and behaviors that distinguish superforecasters from the average person. They emphasize the importance of intellectual humility, curiosity, and the willingness to admit mistakes and learn from them.

While it can help professionals, even students may face some benefits from reading it. For example, it can help them to  cope with stress . One of the most intriguing aspects of the book is its practical application.

The authors do not just describe what superforecasting is; they also offer guidance on how to develop these skills. They outline specific practices, such as breaking down complex problems into manageable parts, seeking out diverse perspectives, and balancing inside and outside views.

How can “Thinking, Fast and Slow” help in conflict resolution at work?

“Thinking, Fast and Slow” provides insights into how our quick (System 1) and slow (System 2) thinking processes can affect conflict resolution. Understanding these systems helps identify when emotional reactions (System 1) might escalate conflict and when a more analytical approach (System 2) is needed to resolve issues thoughtfully and effectively.

How can I improve my IQ and critical thinking?

Improving IQ involves engaging in activities that challenge your brain, like puzzles, learning new skills, or intellectually stimulating tasks. For critical thinking, practice analyzing situations from multiple perspectives and questioning assumptions.

Do books help with critical thinking?

Yes, reading books, especially those on subjects like logic, philosophy, and problem-solving, can significantly enhance critical thinking skills. They provide new perspectives and frameworks for analyzing information and making decisions.

Can you train critical thinking?

Absolutely, critical thinking can be trained and improved by regularly engaging in activities that require analysis, evaluation, and strategic thinking. Participating in debates, solving complex problems, and reflecting on decision-making processes are effective ways to sharpen these skills.

Remember, the key to mastering critical thinking lies not just in acquiring knowledge, but in the willingness to question, analyze, and adapt one’s thinking in an ever-evolving world.

This mindset is a powerful tool for personal and professional growth, leading to greater success and fulfillment in various aspects of life.

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Nonfiction Books » Philosophy Books

The best books on logic, recommended by tom stoneham.

Berkeley's World: An Examination of the Three Dialogues by Tom Stoneham

Logic is an excellent form of mind-training because it involves a very particular way of thinking and focus on truth. But how does it work and what are its limitations? Tom Stoneham , a professor of philosophy at the University of York, picks some great books for anyone who wants to learn more about logic.

Interview by Nigel Warburton

Logic Primer by Colin Allen & Michael Hand

Logic by Wilfrid Hodges

Paradoxes by R. M. Sainsbury

Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus by Ludwig Wittgenstein

Philosophy of Logic by Willard Van Orman Quine

1 Logic Primer by Colin Allen & Michael Hand

2 logic by wilfrid hodges, 3 paradoxes by r. m. sainsbury, 4 tractatus logico-philosophicus by ludwig wittgenstein, 5 philosophy of logic by willard van orman quine.

B efore we get to the books, can I begin by asking the most obvious question, which is what is logic?

The first and most common—the one used in universities when teaching formal logic—is to think of it as a particular kind of study of the very general properties of languages ; that is, natural languages, the languages which we all speak and write. One of the things that all languages do is allow us to speak truly or falsely. They also allow us to make connections between different truths we speak about. If we think one thing is true, then we may be committed to thinking something else is true. The most common conception of formal logic is that it’s saying all languages have this interest in truth. They may have lots of other things they do as well, but an interest in truth is common to all of them and it’s clearly very important. So let’s take those bits of the language where we’re concerned with truth and falsity and the relationships between truths, and see if we can make those properties explicit.

It’s a working assumption of this approach that when we make it explicit for one language, we could do the same thing for any other language. In other words, when speakers of different languages are engaged in talking about what’s true or what’s false and have no other interests, then languages are perfectly inter-translatable. That’s pretty much definitional of this conception of formal logic.

It’s interesting you’re talking about truth, because that makes it sound a bit like epistemology—as in, how do we know that things are true? But logic is usually not thought of as a branch of epistemology.

That’s a very good point. Logic is not concerned with which sentences are true; it’s concerned with the patterns of truth. If we take the group of speech acts of asserting truths – ‘making a statement’ is often the favoured phrase – the question is what are the relationships between these different statements? That’s what logicians study.

Why do logicians want to study that? The reason is often best explained in terms of arguments. For example, when I give an argument, I start with some claims upon which we both agree, and eventually we get to a point where you accept something that you didn’t previously accept on the basis of those claims we’ve started by agreeing on. We’ve taken a set of statements which are agreed to be true, and then we’ve worked out which other statements we have to accept if we’ve accepted those ones as true. That relationship between sets of statements is the primary interest. It’s a very particular conception of argument that we’ve appealed to here: the idea that we’re moving from some truths to some more truths.

One of the key concepts in formal logic is the concept of validity. An argument is valid, logicians say, when we have one set of statements which we call the premises and if they are true, then this other statement, the conclusion, must be true. Validity is a relationship between the first set of sentences and the conclusion. Sometimes validity is called ‘truth preservation’, for very good reason: by moving from some given truths to accepting more truths, you’re preserving truth. You’re staying in the domain of truth. It’s less about which statements are true than how to keep to the truth once you’ve got some.

“I often say when I’m teaching logic, ‘Don’t use this at home or you’ll end up unhappily single.’”

But there’s always an exception! Once we start doing logic, we discover that there are some statements which have to be true whatever . These are sometimes called the logical truths. Take an instance of what’s called ‘the law of excluded middle’. I’ll try to take a fairly uncontroversial one: either the moon orbits the earth, or the moon does not orbit the earth. Now, it looks like that’s true by virtue of logic alone. You don’t need to know anything about the moon to know that statement’s true: you have to understand the sentence ‘the moon orbits the earth’, but you don’t need to know whether it’s true. The statement ‘either the moon orbits the earth, or the moon does not orbit the earth’ is true by virtue of logic alone. So, as well as validity—those relationships between premises and conclusions—logicians are also interested in the logical truths, and how they get to be true.

To go back to where I was on this conception of formal logic, we’re saying there are sentences of every language (like that one about the moon orbiting the earth) which are logical truths and that there are arguments in every language which are valid, or truth-preserving. These properties of logical truth, of validity, occur in every language that can be used to speak truths or falsehoods. What formal logic does is it tries to capture those properties into a series of explicit definitions. The way we do this is by introducing new terms—I introduced ‘validity’ as a technical term a few minutes ago—and new symbols. Unlike most natural languages, these terms and symbols have very explicit definitions which everyone starts by agreeing to keep to. In natural languages we let meaning develop and emerge and then dictionaries try to capture some of that and we discover how rich and complex it is, and so on. What formal logic tries to do is say: there’s all this richness and complexity in natural language, let’s introduce some special terms and symbols, where we all agree on these explicit terms and explicit definitions and rules for using them. This begins the process (sometimes called ‘symbolization’, sometimes called ‘formalization’) where we go from a bit of natural language—it could be any language—and we convert it into these new symbols and terms and explicit definitions. And because they have explicit definitions, you can then manipulate them and find out new things about what has been said.

It becomes more like mathematics or algebra, at that point.

Yes. At that point, you’re using the fact that you’ve got an explicit set of definitions to draw upon the techniques of mathematics and algebra. Effectively, formal logic is a very general form of algebra.

I certainly understand that sense of logic that you’ve described. What was the other sense, the second way of approaching logic that you mentioned?

One of the problems with that first sense of logic is that natural languages don’t map particularly well onto these explicit definitions. If you get interested in logic, you’ll find that there are libraries full of philosophers arguing about how to map the terms of natural language onto the terms and symbols of formal logic. Take a very simple word like ‘or’. People write books and papers about how you map the English word ‘or’ onto the logical symbol for disjunction; it turns out to be quite controversial, and there are heated disagreements.

Something we face when we teach logic is precisely that problem: we have to fudge a little this process of symbolization or formalization to hide the controversies. That can make you suspicious that we’re not really digging out the universal properties of all languages; perhaps what we’re trying to do is force an abstract structure onto our languages.

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There’s a very different way of thinking about formal logic, much more a mathematician’s way of thinking about it, which is that we create a new language ; we say that existing natural languages are wonderful for many things, but they have imperfections. If our obsession is just truth, the relationship between truths, valid arguments and logical truths, we can’t do it very well in natural languages—they’re not made for that sort of project.

So on this conception, what logicians do is create artificial languages with lots of explicit definitions and rules. We make all the meanings and the grammatical rules absolutely explicit. We start by defining the exact use of every symbol, making clear that any use outside this exact way is nonsense, in this artificial language. So this language is not going to be nearly as expressive as natural language, but because we’ve created it, you understand it and we can teach it. Then what formal logic does is allow us to say, ‘Here’s another tool. We’ve got natural languages—English, French German, Spanish, Chinese or Arabic. And we can use them for some purposes. But for other purposes, we must move into this formal language.’ So really, we’ve just created a special language for a particular purpose.

That’s a different way of thinking about formal logic which gets away from those difficult questions about how to translate effectively from natural language into formal logic—this symbolization, formalization process which implies that formal logic is telling you a universal truth about all languages. Instead, we just say, ‘No, it’s a new language we can all learn if we want to. And once you’ve learned it, you can do new things with it.’

It’s a bit like computer programming .

Yes, very much so. It’s like computer language, like mathematical language, like particular branches of mathematics. You just have to learn this language and then you can do interesting things with it. As a competent ‘speaker’ of both languages, you can move from one to the other for different purposes. The question of, ‘Is this a correct or accurate translation/symbolization/formalization?’ isn’t important. What is important is that we choose the correct linguistic tool for the job.

That’s very interesting, but what’s the point? Why should anybody study logic?

That’s a good question. Often when philosophers are asked this, they’ll either say it helps you reason better, or it helps you do science better, or something like that. But the truth is, if you try to teach logic to a microbiologist, you’ll find they’re not interested. It doesn’t help them do their job. So it’s not clear that formal logic has a direct, practical application in that sense.

What is true—and as we go through the books, I will come to this point—is that when you learn formal logic, you learn to engage in a particular way of thinking. And that particular way of thinking can then allow you to engage in certain philosophical questions. It can also help sometimes with particular problems about a disagreement in another area. You can say, ‘Well, let’s deal with this in formal terms.’

Sometimes, logic elucidates problems in other areas, but it’s not a universal panacea, and the idea that science would be so much better if we did it in formal logic is—crazy (well, I think it’s crazy, at least). But it is the case that logic involves a very particular way of thinking, a very particular focus on truth—and the relationship between truth and staying within the domain of truth—that raises interesting questions and we’ll talk about some of those later.

Great. From my point of view, it also forces a kind of precision on you as a thinker, because you can’t do it unless you’re extremely precise about what you mean by the terms that you’re using.

Yes. As a form of mind-training it is very good because it forces you to pay attention to the details of exactly what is being said and exactly what is meant. That can be very useful. It can also be immensely irritating for your partner.

Let’s move on to the logic books you’ve chosen. The first one is called Logic Primer .

I chose Logic Primer by Colin Allen and Michael Hand for the reason that I taught from it for over a decade at the University of York. One of the interesting things about teaching logic at a university is that no logic teacher at a university is happy with anyone else’s textbook. This is why there are so many logic textbooks: everyone gets hyper-frustrated with the text they’re teaching and ends up writing their own. Now, I’m quite lazy, and I didn’t. I stuck to this book, though actually I changed it in lots of ways. When I teach with it, I reorder it, I delete sections, I add in new sections and new definitions of terms, so in practice the students are learning from my annotated version of the text.

But this is why so many logic textbooks are written. The solution to that problem has arisen in our Web 2.0. I’ll mention it for reference, namely that there is now a logic textbook which is open-source and freely editable, called forallx . It’s online, and more and more logic teachers are saying ‘I’ll take that, and I can edit it in any way I like and use it.’ Anyone can freely access not only the original version of the text, but also any of its modifications. So there’s a Cambridge version of this textbook, a York version, a Calgary version, a SUNY version, a UBC version and probably many more I don’t know about. But the underlying formal language and system is the same in all of those.

“Effectively, formal logic is a very general form of algebra.”

Let me go back to Logic Primer and why I like it so much. I like it because it doesn’t explain anything. Allen and Hand say, in the preface, that it’s intended to be used in conjunction with someone giving lectures who’ll do the explanations. They say they don’t really think you can learn logic from this book alone. I think that’s false—I’ve known students who failed to turn up to all my lectures who still managed to do well in the exam by teaching themselves from this book!

This book presents a formal system of logic in its clearest, most structured form. I’ll just read from the preface, where they describe what they do: “The text consists of definitions, examples, comments and exercises.” As you go through the text, every paragraph is labeled as either a definition, an example, a comment or an exercise.

It’s simple but fascinating, almost from a sociological or psychological point of view, to see somebody thinking that clearly or organizing things that clearly. It’s almost like a surgeon getting ready to perform an operation: the scalpels are in this tray, the sutures are here—it’s all clearly organized.

Exactly. And if your mind is prepared to engage with that structure, then absolutely everything you need to learn logic is there. If something doesn’t work, if you keep getting an exercise wrong, you can go back to the definition and ask yourself, ‘Did I use the definition correctly?’

These definitions are incredibly carefully crafted. They’re not crafted to be easy to understand; they’re crafted to make sure that everything works perfectly if you follow the definitions strictly.

In a sense, it’s showing as well as saying. It’s actually demonstrating the virtues of precision as well as talking about it.

Exactly. Most logic textbooks try to soften the blow of what a formal language is like, and how explicit and rulebound it is, by giving lots of examples, by trying to make it feel natural and comfortable. Many logic lecturers do the same: they’re worried that people are going to be put off, and so they try to say, ‘It’s OK, this isn’t too far out of your comfort zone’. Whereas this book, Logic Primer , doesn’t have any of that at all. It just says, ‘Here it is, bare bones, follow the rules, it’ll all work.’

I’ve never taught formal logic, but I’ve taught critical thinking. There’s this problem that whatever example you use, students get caught up in the details of the example and forget we’re talking about the particular move or paradox or whatever it is.

All that is gone from this book. If you’re teaching from it, it’s great because you can put in as much or as little of that as you want. And if you’re wanting to teach yourself logic, you’ve got everything you need and nothing that you might not need in there. So that’s a really nice feature of it.

What’s your second choice in your list of logic books? The first one sounds like something that could really work for the motivated auto-didact.

Yes, for someone who’s motivated and already has some aptitude, for example who enjoys mathematics. If you found algebra fun at school, you’re probably going to get on well with Logic Primer .

My second choice is another textbook that you could use to learn logic yourself. In fact, I was given it by a maths teacher while I was at school, who thought I was getting bored in maths lessons. This is Wilfrid Hodges’ book, which is just called Logic . It’s a Penguin book and has been used by several universities as a textbook.

This book sets logic more in the context of the humanities than mathematics. It’s written for someone who has an interest in the workings of language and the clever things you can do (and not do) with language. In that sense, yes, it’s still doing logic; it’s still going to be formal; it’s still going to have symbols; but it’s a much softer, gentler introduction, appealing to a different curiosity.

It’s also a book that’s written in such a way that if you didn’t want to learn formal logic for the purpose of doing an exam in the subject—completing the exercises and the quizzes—but you wanted to get a really good sense of what it was like , you could read this book without having to learn all of the techniques. It has other virtues, as well. From the point of view of learning logic, I think it has the best discussion of relations.

What are relations?

A sentence like ‘The ball is red’ has a subject (‘ball’) and what logicians call a predicate (‘is red’), which says the ball has a property. So the predicate ‘is red’ applies to one thing, or group of things like the apples in the bowl, but what it applies to is taken as a single subject.

When I say ‘Mary is my daughter’, we have a relation there between two subjects. There’s my daughter and me. Then we’ve got a relation between the two, which in this example is a biological relation, a family relation. But there are lots of other relations: to the right of, larger than, smaller than. So, relations typically are parts of language that pick out not a feature of one thing or collection of things, as predicates do, but something structural holding between two or more things.

Relations have their own logic. We can say, ‘If John is taller than Peter, and Peter is taller than Fred, then John is taller than Fred.’ That’s an inference in natural language and when we start using formal logic we also want to use such inferences. That would be the logic of relations. Hodges does this particularly well in his book, and of the textbooks I’ve looked at and used, I think Hodges’ account is the best.

“As a form of mind-training it is very good because it forces you to pay attention to the details of exactly what is being said and exactly what is meant.”

The other thing to say about this textbook in contrast to Logic Primer is it uses a different logical system. I said that Logic Primer is a natural deduction system; you start with your premises and you try to reach your conclusion, so you’re moving through steps to try to get to your conclusion. Hodges uses a different system, which is called a tree proof system. I won’t go into the details, but it’s very graphical, very visual.

Brilliant. That could actually lead quite neatly into the next book.

The next book is Mark Sainsbury’s Paradoxes . I love this book. Whole university courses are taught around this book. It’s an absolute classic.

Sainsbury starts with logical reasoning. I’ve talked about validity and defined it as a logical property. I’ve also talked about how when you learn some formal logic, you learn this very distinctive way of thinking or reasoning. What Sainsbury is saying is: let’s stay within that way of thinking, not ordinary or common sense reasoning, not what would be acceptable in a normal conversation, but a logician’s way of reasoning, where you’re sticking strictly to the truth, not deviating, not saying more or less. When doing this, it doesn’t matter if what you conclude is slightly absurd, as long as it’s true.

Over the history of philosophy , philosophers have identified a group of puzzles or problems that are called paradoxes. Sainsbury introduces a logician’s definition of a paradox, which is: a paradox occurs when you start from some premises which seem obviously true, and you reach a conclusion which seems obviously false, by obviously good reasoning. This is a problem—it seems that you can use this special logical form of reasoning to go from apparent truths to apparent falsehoods.

A very famous example is the liar paradox. Its simplest formulation is the statement, ‘This sentence is false.’ Now ask yourself, is that statement true or false? If it’s true, then what it says is the case. And what it says is that it’s false. So if it’s true, it’s false. So it can’t be true.

What if it’s false? Well, if it’s false, then what it says is not the case. But what it says is that it’s false. If that’s not the case, it’s not false, so it must be true. So, if it’s false, it’s true. So it can’t be false.

“Most universities in the world that teach philosophy teach logic as a compulsory course in the early stages.”

We have a sentence here—a single sentence—which is a paradox. Because if it’s true it’s false, and if it’s false it’s true. We’re stuck. Every statement is either true or false, and it can’t be both. Yet here we have a statement that doesn’t seem to fit into that. That’s a very famous example of a paradox that’s been around for a very long time. It’s called the liar paradox because of a variation in which the Cretan Epimenides says ‘All Cretans are liars.’ If what he says is true, then he’s a liar, and so what he says is false…

Sainsbury explores a selection of these paradoxes. Another (in)famous one is the paradox of the heap. You have a heap of sand and take away one grain of sand; it doesn’t stop being a heap of sand. A heap of sand less one grain is still a heap of sand. Take away another grain, it’s still a heap. Eventually, you’ll get down to one grain or no grains, and you definitely haven’t got a heap of sand.

It seems like we’ve got an acceptable form of logical reasoning: if something is a heap of sand, then one grain fewer will still be a heap of sand. You just keep applying this and you get to a conclusion you can’t accept, which is that one grain of sand is a heap of sand. It is another example of where we appear to use logical reasoning to go from something we all accept to something we can’t accept.

What’s the reaction, then? Do you say ‘Ah, well there’s something wrong with my logic. Of course, the law of contradiction only holds in some circumstances’?

That’s the fun thing about the study of paradoxes. There’s no universal solution to all paradoxes, and there are many different types of paradox. In each case, we have to work out what the best solution is. It might be that the obvious truths we began with were mistaken. Something wasn’t as obviously true as we thought it was: perhaps 99 grains of sand is a heap but 98 grains is not. Or it might be that the logical reasoning we’ve used is faulty in some way and we have to revise it. Or it might be that the conclusion that we thought was unacceptable is something we just have to end up accepting and bite the bullet.

With the liar paradox, the problem is if it’s true it’s false and if it’s false it’s true, and that looks like an unacceptable conclusion, because we can’t allow that it’s both true and false. Some logicians – called dialethists –conclude that there are some special statements which are both true and false, just a small set, and we can use tools like the liar paradox to identify them. They accept the apparently unacceptable conclusion.

Others might say it’s neither true nor false. Others might try to challenge the reasoning. So there are different ways to respond to a paradox, but they quickly take us into very deep philosophical waters.

Sainsbury takes the way of thinking you learn from doing and studying formal logic and shows that the traditional paradoxes are all cases of acceptable premises and acceptable reasoning leading to unacceptable conclusions. He then shows the different ways you might respond, and the philosophical interest of those different responses.

That’s quite a different way into logic.

That’s a way into logic where you can see that the application of logical thinking generates philosophical problems itself, and it tests our ability to think in this particular way about the truth.

Your next choice is a notoriously difficult book to understand in its entirety, but possibly relatively simple to understand the key message, which presumably is about the limits of thought, or the meaning of thought. This is Wittgenstein ’s first book, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus .

Despite having a Latin title, it’s not written in Latin ; it’s written in German.

Parts of it might as well have been . . .

Quite. In a way, this follows on from the Sainsbury book, because in it we see the limits of logical thinking. When struggling with the paradoxes we seem to have reached or even transgressed the limits of thinking.

Wittgenstein’s book is about how we understand the thinkable and the unthinkable, which is a traditional philosophical problem. In this book, Wittgenstein approaches the problem from the point of view of formal logic. It’s worth reading Bertrand Russell’s preface to the book, where he summarizes how the book proceeds very simply: “The logical structure of propositions and the nature of logical inference are first dealt with. Thence, we pass successively to Theory of Knowledge, Principles of Physics, Ethics and finally the Mystical.”

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This is a fascinating and puzzling book. It’s absolutely clear that Wittgenstein starts with an interest in formal logic and that distinctive way of thinking which is concerned with truth, accuracy and precision. He doesn’t take this as an end in itself, but thinks it is the route into solving the really big questions Russell mentions. He goes on to say, “[Wittgenstein] is concerned with the conditions for accurate Symbolism [Russell’s using ‘Symbolism’ here to mean symbolic representation of the world] i.e. for Symbolism in which a sentence ‘means’ something quite definite.”

Wittgenstein is building his philosophy—trying to solve philosophical problems—by starting with the conception of what language can and should do that is embedded in formal logic. It’s not the natural language approach to talking about the world; it’s the formal logic approach to talking about the world. Wittgenstein uses this starting point to get to some very big conclusions.

Wittgenstein’s approach reminds us of what I was saying earlier about the second way of thinking about formal logic, namely as a self-standing language. Wittgenstein is saying we all possess natural language, but when we want to focus on the precise and exact expression of truth and the relationship between truths, we need to move into these formal languages where everything is defined explicitly. He is claiming that when you do that, you can start solving the big philosophical problems.

For me that’s the fascination of the book, but I should warn that there are very different interpretations of it around.

Is there a commentary that you’d recommend? Is there anything about the book to help somebody who’s reading it on their own?

I’d be very careful about that. The interpretation of the book is very controversial and has been increasingly so for the last 20 years. Most commentaries on the book are highly partisan, they’re driving an agenda, and therefore not particularly introductory. If you forced me to recommend one, it would be David Pears’ – it certainly helped me find my way through on first reading.

Maybe the context given by Ray Monk’s biography would be useful, and also culturally explain why he wrote it in the style that he did, which is aphoristic.

Monk’s book is certainly helpful, but the TLP is more Euclidean than the aphoristic style of Wittgenstein’s later philosophy. The structure of it is seven numbered propositions. Under all of them except number seven—I’ll come to number seven in a second—we have sub-propositions.

The first proposition is “The world is all that is the case”, and then under that we get proposition 1.1, “The world is a totality of facts, not of things.” So that’s an elucidation of 1. But then we get 1.1.1, so this is going into an elucidation of 1.1, and so on. A very useful way to read the book is one that wasn’t available to its original audience. We’re used to bullet points and collapsing bullet point structures and this consists in nested bullet points. One of the things I would recommend the reader is to go through and identify the seven master propositions, and then identify the propositions immediately below them, and so on.

I’ll just mention proposition seven, which has no sub-propositions, and thus in a sense is the conclusion of the book. In the translation I tend to use, which is Pears and McGuinness, it is “What we cannot speak about we must pass over in silence.” This drives the historically dominant interpretation of Wittgenstein: that if you start with this logician’s conception of accuracy and precision of language, sticking to only what is true and only truth-preserving consequences, then there are some very, very sharp limits to what we can say. And that’s it. You’ve got to stop at that point.

The controversy over the book’s interpretation is over what Wittgenstein thinks human beings may also be able to do as well as logic. There’s a suggestion by Wittgenstein that there may be other forms of human expression or intellectual activity which allow us to engage with the things we can’t engage with through logical languages. A famous early positivist criticism of the book was by Frank Ramsey, who pithily said, “What you can’t say, you can’t say, and you can’t whistle either.”

Which include ethics, presumably.

So that’s obviously a classic book with a lot of depth in it, and everybody would get something from it, but to take in the whole book would take years of work. Let’s look at the last of the logic books you’ve chosen.

My fifth choice is Willard Van Orman Quine’s book Philosophy of Logic . I have introduced two books for learning formal logic, formal systems, and formal languages. I have discussed two books which apply the thinking that’s captured in formal languages, and not well-captured in natural languages, to philosophical problems. In contrast, Quine’s book is about when we construct a formal logic, when we create these formal languages, then we’re making philosophical decisions or choices about how we do it. The  Philosophy of Logic is all about the philosophical arguments that underlie the decisions to do logic in one way or another.

There are potentially an infinite number of different formal logics, and every textbook will be slightly different, so decisions have to be made. Quine is trying to pick out the most important types of decision made when creating a formal language, and looking at the philosophical considerations behind those.

Could you give an example of that, so that it’s clear what you’re saying?

I’ll give an example from towards the end of the book. I talked earlier about the law of excluded middle, sometimes called tertium non datur . That’s the principle we came across when talking about the liar paradox: that if you’ve got a well-formed grammatical statement, which has the grammatical form that says something is true or false, then either it’s true or false. It’s not both and it’s not neither. Now, a classical logic—which is the sort of logic that’s in the books I’ve cited—will always stick to that. But when we’re thinking about the options in constructing a logic, we might wonder, ‘Is that right? Do we always want to do that?’ And the dialethists I mentioned are an example of philosophers who reject the principle of non-contradiction.

Take the paradox of the heap. Take 14 grains of sand: is that a heap, or is that not a heap? In classical logic you have to decide. For any predicate either it applies or it doesn’t apply. There’s no choice and no alternative. With natural languages, that doesn’t always seem the case, and there may be other examples which are less paradoxical. Take cases where we’ve been mistaken about the existence of something. At one point in the history of astronomy, in order to explain some unusual features of the motions of Mercury, it was postulated that there was an unobserved planet which exerted a gravitational pull on Mercury. There was a hypothesis and the name ‘Vulcan’ was introduced for this planet.

“We have a sentence here—a single sentence—which is a paradox. Because if it’s true it’s false, and if it’s false it’s true. We’re stuck.”

Now consider the statement: Vulcan is a planet. Is that true or false? Well, it’s not true—because there is no planet Vulcan. But if we say it’s false, then surely we’d have to say that Vulcan is not a planet. Then what is it? An asteroid? Therefore we don’t want to say it’s not a planet either. So it looks like our statement has failed to say anything true or anything false. It’s failed to get into the truth-speaking game, despite being grammatically fine. If you decide that you want to be able to allow sentences like that in your formal logic, then you’re going to have to give up the law of excluded middle. You’re going to have to say, ‘Some statements can fail to be either true or false.’ Once you have done that, you will have to make other choices in your logic to keep it consistent.

That is just one example and Quine is interested in the many different decisions logicians have to make. While some are basic choices about the syntax and vocabulary of formal logic, others raise complex philosophical issues. Quine is clear that these are decisions, and logicians can go alternative ways. He tries to persuade us that some options are preferable, and he talks about where our disagreement would lie if we made different choices. On fundamental questions, like the law of non-contradiction, he calls making different choices ‘changing the subject’.

It’s interesting. Throughout this discussion, it’s almost as if we’ve been talking about logic s plural. “Logic” makes it sound as if there’s one thing that gets taught—I’m going to teach you logic—and there’s only one way that logic can be because it’s this kind of crushing system that defeats everything else. But actually, what’s emerged is a series of logics.

When you learn logic in a university context as a philosophy student, it’s the only exam you take where you can get a hundred per cent. Everything is either right or wrong. Consequently, it looks entirely objective and factual, but that’s only because the students taking that exam are learning one particular logic. Each logic is explicitly defined, so once you choose a logic, every exam answer is definitive. But that choice of logic is precisely where the interesting philosophy comes in. And personally I think you’re right, there are different logics.

Going back to our starting point—the two different ways of thinking about formal logic—if you thought of formal logic as capturing the universal features of all languages, then you’d think there’s just one true logic, and that philosophers are arguing about which is the right logic, which are the correct choices to make. On that view, these are arguments about how to formalize natural languages to get at their hidden logical features. But when you get into the details of those philosophical disagreements, the view that there’s just one true logic seems wildly implausible.

In contrast, if you think of a formal logic as a new language we’ve created for a particular purpose, then we have any alternative logics and some are good for some purposes, and others for different purposes. They are more like computer programming languages, as you said earlier. We might think that some logics, for example the dialethic logics I mentioned, in which some statements can be both true and false, would be very risky logics to use if you were a scientist or an engineer. Equally, fuzzy logic might be good for washing machine programmes but not for airplane safety systems. We may even conclude that some logics are ruled out for most humanly important purposes, but they’re still there, and you can study them and learn them.

It’s not a case of anything goes, though.

True, it’s not a case of anything goes in logic – if a logic allows arguments which are not truth-preserving (or that don’t preserve a truth-like property such as probability or provability) then it isn’t really a logic at all. What I am saying is that it’s a case of going back to understanding that formal logic is a tool for human purposes. When we do the philosophy of logic, we must move away from being mathematicians and back to being humanists. All these technical tools are fascinating, and enjoyable to study for their own sake, but the driving question should be: what can I use this one for and what can I use that one for? When will a formal language allow me to do something better or more easily than a natural language? Of course, I don’t want to denigrate the pure study of logic, which has both value in itself and for the student. However, we shouldn’t mistake the precision and clarity of formal logic for a deep insight into the laws of truth.

December 13, 2019

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Think Smarter: Critical Thinking to Improve Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Skills Hardcover – April 7, 2014

• A comprehensive critical thinking framework
• Over twenty-five "tools" to help you think more critically
• Critical thinking implementation for functions and activities
• Examples of the real-world use of each tool
• Print length 240 pages
• Language English
• Publisher Wiley
• Publication date April 7, 2014
• Dimensions 6 x 1 x 9 inches
• ISBN-10 1118729838
• ISBN-13 978-1118729830
• See all details

Editorial Reviews

From the inside flap.

“I don’t have time to think!”. This cliché is at the core of troubled and underperforming workplaces around the globe. In reality, thinking is the most important driver in problem-solving, decision-making, and creativity, and no business can do without it. In daily life and at all levels of an organization, the ability to think critically sets us apart from those who struggle to problem solve. As seasoned critical thinking consultant Michael Kallet explains, solving difficult problems isn’t magic―it’s a skill we can all learn by using the simple techniques in Think Smarter .

For the past decade, Kallet has been training people to think critically. In Think Smarter , he reveals the techniques that lead to higher quality and outside the box results. Contrary to popular belief, critical thinking does not take a lifetime to master. You can quickly learn how to get better results from your thought processes. The problems that really matter are the ones with no obvious solution. To move forward in life and in business, you need to meet these challenges with stronger decisions and more creative solutions. Thanks to the exercises and examples in Think Smarter , this is a goal you can achieve starting today.

No one has time for neuroscience when there are important goals that need to be achieved. The world won’t stop turning while we wade through theory, so innovations and improvements need to happen fast. Think Smarter is not a book of theory. It’s a clear, easy to read set of over 25 concrete tools that you can put to use right away. Solving technical problems, allocating resources, managing teams, working with customers, optimizing risk―critical thinking can revolutionize all of these areas. No matter who you are or what you do, your decisions make a difference. The quality and magnitude of that difference depends on one thing―critical thinking.

Thinking drives absolutely everything we do. It’s the first step toward critical decisions that determine the winners and losers in every industry, and it even influences what we get out of life. In Think Smarter , you’ll learn that if you aren’t thinking critically, you might as well be letting someone else live life for you. The bottom line is, if you want to maximize your chances for success in the areas that matter, and take control of the results, you need to learn to Think Smarter .

From the Back Cover

From the mind behind HeadScratchers, a guide to getting more out of thinking

We often hear about the importance of thinking critically and acting strategically. And yet, there are few resources that provide a business-focused, non-academic, practical approach to doing just that. Thankfully, Mike Kallet has come to our rescue. Mike has a very conversational tone in his writing on this critical subject, thereby making what can potentially be a very dry subject an interesting read. More importantly, the examples of how to use the process of critical thinking and the key “takeaways” help the reader apply the content appropriately. In our business, we rely on rapid and accurate decision making, with little margin for error. The concepts in Think Smarter are easy to implement quickly, realizing great results. ―Jacqui Bellini-Murray, Senior Training Manager at Genentech

Intelligence can be found, knowledge can be acquired, but critical thinking can only be developed. Finally, Mike Kallet delivers a guide for honing this much-needed skill in decision making. Practical and simple, yet profound. Every leader, every decision maker, needs this guide! ―Tess Reynolds, CEO at New Door Ventures

Bringing critical thinking and innovation into a company is a worthy goal, but a very difficult and elusive task. Mike Kallet’s Think Smarter is a stimulating, practical guide that expands the thinking processes to embrace new concepts while keeping a focus on what is success. This is a book developed through years of working with leaders and teams to move them to new levels of problem solving and performance. I have both participated and overseen teams who have been coached by Mike’s critical thinking. The improvements in the subsequent product developments and intra-team dynamics were impressive, breaking historical patterns of thinking processes. The exercises in Think Smarter are especially helpful in bringing clarity to the use of the tools and techniques introduced. Think Smarter is a must read for leaders who are challenged with solving the everyday problems of a business while finding approaches that step up the innovative capabilities of their teams. ―Dan Yost, Managing Partner at Dankat and former EVP at Qwest Communications

About the Author

MICHAEL KALLET founded HeadScratchers in 2004 to train business professionals and leaders in critical thinking, problem solving, decision making, and creativity. Through workshops, webinars, and keynote speeches, he teaches people to apply critical thinking techniques to real world business challenges. Mike has held leadership positions in business environments ranging from ten-person startups to a $500 million public company.

www.headscratchers.com

Product details

• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Wiley; 1st edition (April 7, 2014)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 240 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1118729838
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1118729830
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 2.31 pounds
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6 x 1 x 9 inches
• #458 in Business Decision Making
• #718 in Decision-Making & Problem Solving

About the author

Michael kallet.

In 2004, Mike Kallet leveraged his 30 year career in problem solving, innovation and leadership and started HeadScratchers (www.headscratchers.com) to train business professionals and leaders in Critical Thinking for Problem Solving, Decision Making and Creativity.

HeadScratchers mission: To help people become better "HeadScratchers". HeadScratchers has created a successful model and conducts workshops for training business professionals and improving their critical thinking, problem solving and decision making abilities.

Mike says his greatest talent is to "get people to think a little differently about a situation or goal". As a result of this, he found that people improved their problem-solving, decision-making and innovation skills.

As a former technology and operations executive, he is experienced in leading the creation and delivery of award winning products and services spanning a variety of computer and communications technologies and markets.

Prior to HeadScratchers, Mike was the Executive Vice President of Operations and Chief Technology Officer at ICG and was responsible for day-to-day operations, the delivery of services, and the development of new products.

Kallet joined ICG in January of 1998 through the Netcom acquisition, one of the largest ISP's at the time. At Netcom, as senior vice president, Kallet was responsible for Network Operations, Marketing and R&D. Under Kallet's leadership, Netcom's NetCompleteTM Product Line (ISP Services) won numerous service awards.

Prior to joining Netcom in 1995, Kallet developed numerous award winning software products. At prior companies, Kallet led development teams that created award winning products that include Harvard Graphics™, Harvard Draw™, and First Graphics™. He also created the award winning products Picture Perfect™ and Diagraph™.

Kallet held positions in systems software groups at IBM in his early career and received a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from Worcester Polytechnic Institute.

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The 18 Best Books on Logic and Logical Thinking

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18 Best Books on Logic and Logical Thinking to Read in 2024

1.  the little blue reasoning book, 2.  denken lernen, 3. being logical, 4.  how to win every argument, 5. the pyramid principle, 6.  a rulebook for arguments, 7. introduction to logic, 8.  the art of logical thinking or the laws of reasoning, 9.  brainchains, 10.  excellent sheep, 11. beyond feelings, 12. thinking strategically, 13. logic and philosophy, 14. do you think what you think you think, 15. are your lights on, 16. logic and contemporary rhetoric, 17.  critical thinking and logical reasoning workbook-7, 18. critical thinking & logic mastery, conclusion: best books for logic and logical thinking.

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I have a good idea about what fallacies exist on a theoretical level. But since the list of fallacies is pretty long, i find it hard to analyse ot arguments right away and look for fallacies in them.

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AI Safety for Kids: 6 Best Practices Every Parent Should Know

Defend young minds staff.

AI isn't just transforming technology; it's profoundly reshaping our children's lives. From kids turning to chatbots for false connections (including erotic!), to the impact on their cognitive and emotional development , and even the disturbing threat of deepfakes, the stakes are high.

AI is everywhere now — in apps like Meta AI on Facebook, Copilot in GroupMe, and even AI robot toys powered by ChatGPT . We all need to approach AI’s answers with skepticism and discernment. 

A cautionary tale

One reader shared a story from a community Facebook group where a member asked Meta AI for restaurant recommendations. Meta AI quickly responded with the five most recommended restaurants in the group, and even provided a quote from “Sarah T.” praising the top recommendation — La Bodega.

The problem? There is no La Bodega in the community, no comment from Sarah T., and none of the listed restaurants exist. Everyone in the group had a good laugh.

While this is funny for adults, it highlights a key issue: children probably won’t be able to spot these kinds of fictitious AI answers . Or worse, identify malicious AI such as deepfakes .

‍ 6 best practices for kids using AI

Children need to learn the distinction between human interaction and machine-generated responses–whether they’re seeking information or conversing with a chatbot. Especially because AI continues to evolve and integrate into everyday life. To keep kids safer interacting with AI, parents can implement the following best practices.

1. Teach skepticism and discernment

• Critical thinking: Encourage kids to question AI responses. Teach them not to take everything AI says at face value. For instance, if they ask Alexa for a fact, suggest they double-check it by looking it up in a book or asking a trusted adult. We heard one instance of a student researching a paper about Billy Joel. ChatGPT falsely claimed he was tied to The Met museum. Her mom advised her to double check on a reputable website like Biography.com and look in the biography book about Billy Joel she had checked out from the library.   
• Verification: Teach kids to get in the habit of verifying information with 2-3 sources. For example, taking the story above about La Bodega, Google Maps can be used to see if the restaurant exists. A child could also ask a parent. This can be a great way to develop their critical thinking skills and ensure they receive accurate information.

2. Encourage safe and responsible use

• Boundaries: Limit the time kids spend interacting with AI. Monitor their use of AI-powered apps or toys. Routers like Gryphon or Orbi by Netgear can help by setting time limits for specific sites, or to block them altogether. ‍
• Online safety: Remind kids never to share personal information like their name, address, hometown, school, family members’ names, or phone number with AI tools or chatbots. Make sure they know to talk to you or a trusted adult if they encounter anything troubling or uncomfortable. The Brain Defense: Digital Safety course teaches kids self-discipline with screen time, safe habits to avoid dangers like porn and predators, and good digital citizenship. And it’s taught by older peers–fun teens who teach using stories and humor!

3. Foster emotional intelligence

• Real-world play: Encourage kids to play with siblings and friends to build social skills and emotional resilience. Get them involved in activities that spark creativity and critical thinking. ‍  
• Understanding emotions: Help kids talk about their feelings. Explain how human emotions differ from AI machine-generated responses. Teach kids that AI is tricky because when you’re texting with an AI chatbot, it might seem like you’re talking with a real person who cares about you. But you’re not. It’s better to become emotionally attached to real people who care about you and can help you and not let AI trick your brain into thinking it’s a real person. This way your child can develop healthy emotional intelligence.

Related: Top 5 Ways AI Impacts Cognitive and Emotional Intelligence in Kids

4. Educate about the risks of deepfakes, including deepfake pornography

• Explain deepfakes: Teach children what deepfakes are and how to spot them . Discuss the harms of creating deepfakes, including privacy violations and misinformation. ‍
• Skepticism towards media: Encourage kids to be skeptical of what they see online, even if it’s highly realistic. Show them how to verify if a video or image is real before believing or sharing them.  
• Deepfake pornography : Make sure your child knows what to do if they become a victim of deepfake pornography. Stress the importance of never creating or sharing nude images of anyone or themselves.

Related: Deep Trouble with Deepfake Porn: 9 Best Tips to Safeguard Your Kids

5. Promote genuine relationships vs. fake AI robot “friends”

• AI vs. human interaction: Explain that AI, particularly chatbots, can’t replace real friendships. Encourage face-to-face interactions that build real and lasting connections that sometimes involve conflict, patience and forgiveness. ‍
• Respect and empathy: Teach kids genuine love and respect . Emphasize the importance of mutual care and real emotional connections.

Related: Swipe Left on Chatbots: 5 Heartfelt Lessons on Genuine Love

6. Maintain open communication

• Regular talks: Keep discussing the benefits and risks of AI with kids. Open communication helps them feel comfortable sharing their experiences. Some families have regularly scheduled “Tech Talks” to learn how to benefit from tech and avoid the pitfalls. Ask open-ended questions about what they like or find confusing about their AI interactions. Some example questions include:  "Did you use any new AI tools this week?" or "Was there anything that seemed weird or confusing?" ‍
• Guidance and support: Guide children in their interactions with AI. This could take the form of sitting next to them and using it together, or simply being nearby so it’s easy for them to ask questions. Offer support and reassurance when they encounter confusing or troubling AI-generated content. For example, if your child brings concerns to you about an AI interaction, listen without immediate judgment or criticism. Thank them for coming to you. You could say, “I’m glad you told me about this, thank you, let’s figure it out together.” After discussing what happened, make a plan for the next time. You could role-play what to do if they get another strange or inappropriate response. 

AI is definitely here to stay, and when used the right way, it can offer a lot of great benefits. By following these best practices, parents can help their kids navigate the tricky world of AI safely. 

More importantly, this helps kids build a healthy relationship with technology that boosts their cognitive and emotional growth while also equipping them to reject erotic chatbots and take positive steps if they become a victim of deepfake pornography.

Brain Defense: Digital Safety Curriculum - Family Edition

"Parents are desperate for concepts and language like this to help their children. They would benefit so much from this program - and I think it would spur much needed conversations between parents and children.” --Jenet Erikson, parent

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8 Productivity Books Time-Management Experts Actually Use

These titles can help you achieve more with less stress.

By Jancee Dunn

It probably doesn’t come as a shock that productivity researchers are always looking for new ways to use their time wisely.

They need guidance just like the rest of us, said Sahar Yousef, a cognitive neuroscientist and lecturer at the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley. “The moment you think you actually know it all, it’s usually a sign you know very little.”

Reading books on productivity, Dr. Yousef said, can offer both practical tips and “a shift in perspective.”

We asked organizational psychologists, researchers and business school professors for the titles that have helped them in their professional and personal lives. Their favorites are below — some of the recommendations are classics, while others may be new to you.

1. Get It Done , by Ayelet Fishbach

This 2022 title, written in a warm, engaging tone, is “jam-packed with value” said Katy Milkman, a professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Fishbach, a behavioral psychologist who studies motivational science, is “arguably the world’s foremost expert on motivation,” Dr. Milkman said.

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Fall 2024 Semester

Undergraduate courses.

Composition courses that offer many sections (ENGL 101, 201, 277 and 379) are not listed on this schedule unless they are tailored to specific thematic content or particularly appropriate for specific programs and majors.

• 100-200 level

ENGL 151.S01: Introduction to English Studies

Tuesday and Thursday, 11 a.m.-12:15 p.m.

Sharon Smith

ENGL 151 serves as an introduction to both the English major and the discipline of English studies. In this class, you will develop the thinking, reading, writing and research practices that define both the major and the discipline. Much of the semester will be devoted to honing your literary analysis skills, and we will study and discuss texts from several different genres—poetry, short fiction, the novel, drama and film—as well as some literary criticism. As we do so, we will explore the language of the discipline, and you will learn a variety of key literary terms and concepts. In addition, you will develop your skills as both a writer and researcher within the discipline of English.

ENGL 201.ST1 Composition II: The Mind/Body Connection

In this section of English 201, students will use research and writing to learn more about problems that are important to them and articulate ways to address those problems. The course will focus specifically on issues related to the mind, the body and the relationship between them. The topics we will discuss during the course will include the correlation between social media and body image; the efficacy of sex education programs; the degree to which beliefs about race and gender influence school dress codes; and the unique mental and physical challenges faced by college students today. In this course, you will be learning about different approaches to argumentation, analyzing the arguments of others and constructing your own arguments. At the same time, you will be honing your skills as a researcher and developing your abilities as a persuasive and effective writer.

ENGL 201.S10 Composition II: Environmental Writing   

Monday/Wednesday/Friday 1-1:50 p.m.

Gwen Horsley

English 201 will help students develop the ability to think critically and analytically and to write effectively for other university courses and careers. This course will provide opportunities to develop analytical skills that will help students become critical readers and effective writers. Specifically, in this class, students will:

• Focus on the relationships between world environments, land, animals and humankind.
• Read various essays by environmental, conservational and regional authors.
• Produce student writings. 

Students will improve their writing skills by reading essays and applying techniques they witness in others’ work and those learned in class. This class is also a course in logical and creative thought. Students will write about humankind’s place in the world and our influence on the land and animals, places that hold special meaning to them or have influenced their lives and stories of their own families and their places and passions in the world. Students will practice writing in an informed and persuasive manner, in language that engages and enlivens readers by using vivid verbs and avoiding unnecessary passives, nominalizations and expletive constructions.

Students will prepare writing assignments based on readings and discussions of essays included in "Literature and the Environment " and other sources. They may use "The St. Martin’s Handbook," as well as other sources, to review grammar, punctuation, mechanics and usage as needed.

ENGL 201.13 Composition II: Writing the Environment

Tuesday and Thursday 9:30-10:45 a.m.

Paul Baggett

For generations, environmentalists have relied on the power of prose to change the minds and habits of their contemporaries. In the wake of fires, floods, storms and droughts, environmental writing has gained a new sense of urgency, with authors joining activists in their efforts to educate the public about the grim realities of climate change. But do they make a difference? Have reports of present and future disasters so saturated our airwaves that we no longer hear them? How do writers make us care about the planet amidst all the noise? In this course, students will examine the various rhetorical strategies employed by some of today’s leading environmental writers and filmmakers. And while analyzing their different arguments, students also will strengthen their own strategies of argumentation as they research and develop essays that explore a range of environmental concerns.

ENGL 201 Composition II: Food Writing

S17 Tuesday and Thursday 12:30-1:45 p.m.

S18 Tuesday and Thursday 2-3:15 p.m.

Jodi Andrews

In this composition class, students will critically analyze essays about food, food systems and environments, food cultures, the intersections of personal choice, market forces and policy and the values underneath these forces. Students will learn to better read like writers, noting authors’ purpose, audience organizational moves, sentence-level punctuation and diction. We will read a variety of essays including research-intensive arguments and personal narratives which intersect with one of our most primal needs as humans: food consumption. Students will rhetorically analyze texts, conduct advanced research, reflect on the writing process and write essays utilizing intentional rhetorical strategies. Through doing this work, students will practice the writing moves valued in every discipline: argument, evidence, concision, engaging prose and the essential research skills for the 21st century.

ENGL 221.S01 British Literature I

Michael S. Nagy

English 221 is a survey of early British literature from its inception in the Old English period with works such as "Beowulf" and the “Battle of Maldon,” through the Middle Ages and the incomparable writings of Geoffrey Chaucer and the Gawain - poet, to the Renaissance and beyond. Students will explore the historical and cultural contexts in which all assigned reading materials were written, and they will bring that information to bear on class discussion. Likely themes that this class will cover include heroism, humor, honor, religion, heresy and moral relativity. Students will write one research paper in this class and sit for two formal exams: a midterm covering everything up to that point in the semester, and a comprehensive final. Probable texts include the following:

• The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Middle Ages. Ed. Alfred David, M. H. Abrams, and Stephen Greenblatt. 9th ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2012.
• The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Sixteenth Century and Early Seventeenth Century. Ed. George M. Logan, Stephen Greenblatt, Barbara K Lewalski, and M. H. Abrams. 9th ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2012.
• The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century. Ed. George M. Logan, Stephen Greenblatt, Barbara K Lewalski, and M. H. Abrams. 9th ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2012.
• Gibaldi, Joseph. The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6th ed. New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 2003.
• Any Standard College Dictionary.

ENGL 240.S01 Juvenile Literature Elementary-5th Grade

Monday, Wednesday and Friday noon-12:50 p.m.

April Myrick

A survey of the history of literature written for children and adolescents, and a consideration of the various types of juvenile literature. Text selection will focus on the themes of imagination and breaking boundaries.

ENGL 240.ST1 Juvenile Literature Elementary-5th Grade

Randi Anderson

In English 240 students will develop the skills to interpret and evaluate various genres of literature for juvenile readers. This particular section will focus on various works of literature at approximately the K-5 grade level. We will read a large range of works that fall into this category, as well as information on the history, development and genre of juvenile literature.

Readings for this course include classical works such as "Hatchet," "Little Women", "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" and "Brown Girl Dreaming," as well as newer works like "Storm in the Barn," "Anne Frank’s Diary: A Graphic Adaptation," "Lumberjanes," and a variety of picture books. These readings will be paired with chapters from "Reading Children’s Literature: A Critical Introduction " to help develop understanding of various genres, themes and concepts that are both related to juvenile literature and also present in our readings.

In addition to exposing students to various genres of writing (poetry, historical fiction, non-fiction, fantasy, picture books, graphic novels, etc.) this course will also allow students to engage in a discussion of larger themes present in these works such as censorship, race and gender. Students’ understanding of these works and concepts will be developed through readings, research, discussion posts, exams and writing assignments designed to get students to practice analyzing poetry, picture books, informational books and transitional/easy readers.

ENGL 241.S01: American Literature I

Tuesday and Thursday 12:30-1:45 p.m.

This course provides a broad, historical survey of American literature from the early colonial period to the Civil War. Ranging across historical periods and literary genres—including early accounts of contact and discovery, narratives of captivity and slavery, poetry of revolution, essays on gender equality and stories of industrial exploitation—this class examines how subjects such as colonialism, nationhood, religion, slavery, westward expansion, race, gender and democracy continue to influence how Americans see themselves and their society.

Required Texts

• The Norton Anthology of American Literature: Package 1, Volumes A and B Beginnings to 1865, Ninth Edition. (ISBN 978-0-393-26454-8)

ENGL 283.S01 Introduction to Creative Writing

Steven Wingate

Students will explore the various forms of creative writing (fiction, nonfiction and poetry) not one at a time in a survey format—as if there were decisive walls of separation between then—but as intensely related genres that share much of their creative DNA. Through close reading and work on personal texts, students will address the decisions that writers in any genre must face on voice, rhetorical position, relationship to audience, etc. Students will produce and revise portfolios of original creative work developed from prompts and research. This course fulfills the same SGR #2 requirements ENGL 201; note that the course will involve a research project. Successful completion of ENGL 101 (including by test or dual credit) is a prerequisite.

ENGL 283.S02 Introduction to Creative Writing

Jodilyn Andrews

This course introduces students to the craft of writing, with readings and practice in at least two genres (including fiction, poetry and drama).

ENGL 283.ST1 Introduction to Creative Writing

Amber Jensen, M.A., M.F.A.

This course explores creative writing as a way of encountering the world, research as a component of the creative writing process, elements of craft and their rhetorical effect and drafting, workshop and revision as integral parts of writing polished literary creative work. Student writers will engage in the research practices that inform the writing of literature and in the composing strategies and writing process writers use to create literary texts. Through their reading and writing of fiction, poetry and creative nonfiction, students will learn about craft elements, find examples of those craft elements in published works and apply these elements in their own creative work, developed through weekly writing activities, small group and large group workshop and conferences with the instructor. Work will be submitted, along with a learning reflection and revision plan in each genre and will then be revised and submitted as a final portfolio at the end of the semester to demonstrate continued growth in the creation of polished literary writing.

• 300-400 level

ENGL 424.S01 Language Arts Methods grades 7-12  

Tuesday 6-8:50 p.m.

Danielle Harms

Techniques, materials and resources for teaching English language and literature to middle and secondary school students. Required of students in the English education option.

AIS/ENGL 447.S01: American Indian Literature of the Present 

Thursdays 3-6 p.m.

This course introduces students to contemporary works by authors from various Indigenous nations. Students examine these works to enhance their historical understanding of Indigenous peoples, discover the variety of literary forms used by those who identify as Indigenous writers, and consider the cultural and political significance of these varieties of expression. Topics and questions to be explored include:

• Genre: What makes Indigenous literature indigenous?
• Political and Cultural Sovereignty: Why have an emphasis on tribal specificity and calls for “literary separatism” emerged in recent decades, and what are some of the critical conversations surrounding such particularized perspectives?
• Gender and Sexuality: What are the intersecting concerns of Indigenous Studies and Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies, and how might these research fields inform one another?
• Trans-Indigeneity: What might we learn by comparing works across different Indigenous traditions, and what challenges do such comparisons present?
• Aesthetics: How do Indigenous writers understand the dynamics between tradition and creativity?
• Visual Forms: What questions or concerns do visual representations (television and film) by or about Indigenous peoples present?

Possible Texts

• Akiwenzie-Damm, Kateri and Josie Douglas (eds), Skins: Contemporary Indigenous Writing. IAD Press, 2000. (978-1864650327)
• Erdrich, Louise, The Sentence. Harper, 2021 (978-0062671127)
• Harjo, Joy, Poet Warrior: A Memoir. Norton, 2021 (978-0393248524)
• Harjo, Sterlin and Taika Waititi, Reservation Dogs (selected episodes)
• Talty, Morgan. Night of the Living Rez, 2022, Tin House (978-1953534187)
• Wall Kimmerer, Robin. Braiding Sweet Grass, Milkweed Editions (978-1571313560)
• Wilson, Diane. The Seed Keeper: A Novel. Milkweed Editions (978-1571311375)
• Critical essays by Alexie, Allen, Cohen, Cox, King, Kroeber, Ortiz, Piatote, Ross and Sexton, Smith, Taylor, Teuton, Treuer, Vizenor, and Womack.

ENGL 472.S01: Film Criticism

Tuesdays 2-4:50 p.m.

Jason McEntee

Do you have an appreciation for, and enjoy watching, movies? Do you want to study movies in a genre-oriented format (such as those we typically call the Western, the screwball comedy, the science fiction or the crime/gangster, to name a few)? Do you want to explore the different critical approaches for talking and writing about movies (such as auteur, feminist, genre or reception)?

In this class, you will examine movies through viewing and defining different genres while, at the same time, studying and utilizing different styles of film criticism. You will share your discoveries in both class discussions and short writings. The final project will be a formal written piece of film criticism based on our work throughout the semester. The course satisfies requirements and electives for all English majors and minors, including both the Film Studies and Professional Writing minors. (Note: Viewing of movies outside of class required and may require rental and/or streaming service fees.)

ENGL 476.ST1: Fiction

In this workshop-based creative writing course, students will develop original fiction based on strong attention to the fundamentals of literary storytelling: full-bodied characters, robust story lines, palpable environments and unique voices. We will pay particular attention to process awareness, to the integrity of the sentence, and to authors' commitments to their characters and the places in which their stories unfold. Some workshop experience is helpful, as student peer critique will be an important element of the class.

ENGL 479.01 Capstone: The Gothic

Wednesday 3-5:50 p.m.

With the publication of Horace Walpole’s "The Castle of Otranto " in 1764, the Gothic officially came into being. Dark tales of physical violence and psychological terror, the Gothic incorporates elements such as distressed heroes and heroines pursued by tyrannical villains; gloomy estates with dark corridors, secret passageways and mysterious chambers; haunting dreams, troubling prophecies and disturbing premonitions; abduction, imprisonment and murder; and a varied assortment of corpses, apparitions and “monsters.” In this course, we will trace the development of Gothic literature—and some film—from the eighteenth-century to the present time. As we do so, we will consider how the Gothic engages philosophical beliefs about the beautiful and sublime; shapes psychological understandings of human beings’ encounters with horror, terror, the fantastic and the uncanny; and intervenes in the social and historical contexts in which it was written. We’ll consider, for example, how the Gothic undermines ideals related to domesticity and marriage through representations of domestic abuse, toxicity and gaslighting. In addition, we’ll discuss Gothic texts that center the injustices of slavery and racism. As many Gothic texts suggest, the true horrors of human existence often have less to do with inexplicable supernatural phenomena than with the realities of the world in which we live. 

ENGL 485.S01: Undergraduate Writing Center Learning Assistants 

Flexible Scheduling

Nathan Serfling

Since their beginnings in the 1920s and 30s, writing centers have come to serve numerous functions: as hubs for writing across the curriculum initiatives, sites to develop and deliver workshops and resource centers for faculty as well as students, among other functions. But the primary function of writing centers has necessarily and rightfully remained the tutoring of student writers. This course will immerse you in that function in two parts. During the first four weeks, you will explore writing center praxis—that is, the dialogic interplay of theory and practice related to writing center work. This part of the course will orient you to writing center history, key theoretical tenets and practical aspects of writing center tutoring. Once we have developed and practiced this foundation, you will begin work in the writing center as a tutor, responsible for assisting a wide variety of student clients with numerous writing tasks. Through this work, you will learn to actively engage with student clients in the revision of a text, respond to different student needs and abilities, work with a variety of writing tasks and rhetorical situations, and develop a richer sense of writing as a complex and negotiated social process.

Graduate Courses

Engl 572.s01: film criticism, engl 576.st1 fiction.

In this workshop-based creative writing course, students will develop original fiction based on strong attention to the fundamentals of literary storytelling: full-bodied characters, robust story lines, palpable environments and unique voices. We will pay particular attention to process awareness, to the integrity of the sentence and to authors' commitments to their characters and the places in which their stories unfold. Some workshop experience is helpful, as student peer critique will be an important element of the class.

ENGL 605.S01 Seminar in Teaching Composition

Thursdays 1-3:50 p.m.

This course will provide you with a foundation in the pedagogies and theories (and their attendant histories) of writing instruction, a foundation that will prepare you to teach your own writing courses at SDSU and elsewhere. As you will discover through our course, though, writing instruction does not come with any prescribed set of “best” practices. Rather, writing pedagogies stem from and continue to evolve because of various and largely unsettled conversations about what constitutes effective writing and effective writing instruction. Part of becoming a practicing writing instructor, then, is studying these conversations to develop a sense of what “good writing” and “effective writing instruction” might mean for you in our particular program and how you might adapt that understanding to different programs and contexts.

As we read about, discuss and research writing instruction, we will address a variety of practical and theoretical topics. The practical focus will allow us to attend to topics relevant to your immediate classroom practices: designing a curriculum and various types of assignments, delivering the course content and assessing student work, among others. Our theoretical topics will begin to reveal the underpinnings of these various practical matters, including their historical, rhetorical, social and political contexts. In other words, we will investigate the praxis—the dialogic interaction of practice and theory—of writing pedagogy. As a result, this course aims to prepare you not only as a writing teacher but also as a nascent writing studies/writing pedagogy scholar.

At the end of this course, you should be able to engage effectively in the classroom practices described above and participate in academic conversations about writing pedagogy, both orally and in writing. Assessment of these outcomes will be based primarily on the various writing assignments you submit and to a smaller degree on your participation in class discussions and activities.

ENGL 726.S01: The New Woman, 1880–1900s 

Thursdays 3–5:50 p.m.

Katherine Malone

This course explores the rise of the New Woman at the end of the nineteenth century. The label New Woman referred to independent women who rebelled against social conventions. Often depicted riding bicycles, smoking cigarettes and wearing masculine clothing, these early feminists challenged gender roles and sought broader opportunities for women’s employment and self-determination. We will read provocative fiction and nonfiction by New Women writers and their critics, including authors such as Sarah Grand, Mona Caird, George Egerton, Amy Levy, Ella Hepworth Dixon, Grant Allen and George Gissing. We will analyze these exciting texts through a range of critical lenses and within the historical context of imperialism, scientific and technological innovation, the growth of the periodical press and discourse about race, class and gender. In addition to writing an argumentative seminar paper, students will complete short research assignments and lead discussion.

ENGL 792.ST1 Women in War: Female Authors and Characters in Contemporary War Lit

In this course, we will explore the voices of female authors and characters in contemporary literature of war. Drawing from various literary theories, our readings and discussion will explore the contributions of these voices to the evolving literature of war through archetypal and feminist criticism. We will read a variety of short works (both theoretical and creative) and complete works such as (selections subject to change): "Eyes Right" by Tracy Crow, "Plenty of Time When We Get Home" by Kayla Williams, "You Know When the Men are Gone" by Siobhan Fallon, "Still, Come Home" by Katie Schultz and "The Fine Art of Camouflage" by Lauren Johnson.