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Anne Frank and the Holocaust

About Anne Frank and the Holocaust

The Holocaust was something very sad that happened during World War II and many millions of people were hurt or killed. A girl named Anne Frank wrote in a diary about what it was like to live during this time, and when we read that today we can understand what others like Anne and her family went through.

Anne and her family were Jewish , and during World War II in Axis countries that meant that they were in danger of being arrested and hurt because of their religion.

While it’s sad to read about what happened during the Holocaust, it’s important that we know about it to try to prevent things like that ever happening again.

Top 10 facts

• Anne Frank was born in 1929 in Frankfurt, Germany.
• Anne’s family were Jewish , which meant life was very hard for them in Germany after Adolf Hitler became the leader there.
• Hitler made a lot of laws that went against people who were Jewish, and eventually he ordered that Jewish people be arrested.
• Anne Frank’s family moved to Amsterdam in The Netherlands to be safe, but when World War II began, this wasn’t safe anymore. They built hidden rooms inside a house where Nazi soldiers wouldn’t find them, and friends brought them food.
• Anne and her family hid for two years before they were found, arrested by the Nazis and taken to concentration camps.
• Most people in concentration camps did not survive; around 6 million Jewish people died during World War II. Those who survived were freed when Allied troops found them, but Anne, her older sister and her mum all died before this happened. Anne’s dad survived, and found Anne’s diary. He published it so others could read about Anne and about what she and her family went through.
• As well as Jews, the Nazis also sent people with physical and mental disabilities, homosexuals, communists and Romanis to the concentration camps to be killed.
• The period of time when this happened to Anne and many others who the Nazis didn’t like is called the Holocaust. Around 11 million people were killed during the Holocaust. They were civilians (not soldiers).
• Holocaust Memorial Day is on 27 January.
• It’s important to learn about the Holocaust so we can try to make sure it doesn’t happen again, and to understand how important it is to be tolerant of who other people are, how they live and what they think and believe.

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• Judaism is a religious faith. People who follow Judaism are called Jews.
• Anne named the diary she wrote in Kitty . It had a red checked print on the cover.
• Anne had always dreamed of being a published writer someday. Because her dad published her diary, she became one even though she wasn’t around to see it happen.
• Anne and her family lived in rooms that could only be accessed through a door hidden behind a bookcase. You can take an online tour of where they lived on the Anne Frank House website .
• Holocaust Memorial Day is on 27 January every year.

Browse through the gallery and see if you can spot the following:

• Anne Frank at age 12
• The house where Anne and her family hid
• Anne’s diary
• Pages from Anne’s diary
• A tree that Anne could see from the secret rooms she and her family hid in
• The Holocaust memorial in Berlin, Germany
• Anne and Margot's tombstone

When Adolf Hitler and the Nazis came to power in Germany, he created a lot of strict laws that were unfair to Jewish people . Some of these restrictions were:

• Not allowed outside after 8pm
• Couldn’t ride on public trams
• Couldn’t own a business
• Jewish children could only attend special schools

So, when Hitler started fighting with other countries in Europe so he could claim more land for Germany, these strict laws came along too. Lots of people who the Nazis didn’t like, especially anyone who was Jewish, were suddenly in a lot of danger.

If the Nazis arrested someone, they could be taken to a concentration camp where they were made to work very hard. Conditions were terrible, and people weren’t given enough to eat or warm clothes to wear. Concentration camps were kept secret from the Allied troops, and some didn’t know about them until they found them towards the end of World War II . They freed the people who were kept there and gave them food and medicine.

Over 11 million civilians died in Europe while the Adolf Hitler and the Nazis were in charge. Today, we call this the Holocaust.

Lots of what we know about what happened during the Holocaust is from people who survived it, and from things people wrote about it. One source is a diary written by Anne Frank , who was born in Germany. Anne and her family were Jewish, so when things started getting difficult for them in Germany after Hitler came to power they moved to the Netherlands. Lots of Jews left Germany around the same time, for the same reasons. But, during World War II Hitler invaded the Netherlands, and Anne’s family were in danger again.

Things got really scary when Anne’s older sister got a letter saying she had to go to a concentration camp. So, Anne’s family went into hiding , at a place that Anne’s dad had prepared in case something like that happened. The rooms they lived in with four other people could only be accessed through a door hidden behind a bookcase. They couldn’t go outside and there wasn’t much space for everyone, but they were safe. A few friends helped them out by making sure they had enough food. Anne wrote about all of this in her diary.

But, after two years, Nazi soldiers found these secret rooms and arrested Anne, her family and the others living there. They were taken to concentration camps, and sadly, Anne, her mum and her sister died while there. Anne’s dad survived. When Allied soldiers found a concentration camp they would free the prisoners and try to help them get better.

A friend of Anne’s dad who had helped them when they were hiding found Anne’s diary , and gave it to her dad. Her dad decided to publish it so everyone would know about Anne and what the family had gone through.

Every year on 27 January, we mark Holocaust Memorial Day . On this day in 1945, Allied soldiers freed prisoners at a concentration camp called Auschwitz. It’s really hard to read about they terrible things that happened to people during the Holocaust, but it’s important for us to understand what can happen when we are prejudiced against other people because of what they look like, the way they live or what they believe. Remembering the Holocaust will help us to prevent something like that ever happening again.

Related Videos

See for yourself

• The Holocaust exhibition at the Imperial War Museum
• Watch a video and explore where Anne Frank stayed in hiding
• See images of Anne's writing and photographs of her

Books to read 

• When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit by Judith Kerr
• The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank (abridged for younger readers)
• Number the Stars by Lois Lowry

TheSchoolRun also has a guide to age-appropriate books about the Holocaust for primary school children .

Children's books about Anne Frank and the Holocaust

Find out more:

• Watch a BBC Bitesize animation to introduce Anne Frank to KS1 children
• CBBC: What was the Holocaust?
• The last train from Prague is a BBC School Radio play about the children who came to Britain on the 'kindertransport'
• Anne Frank timeline
• Find out about the actions of Sir Nicholas Winton, the British man who helped 669 children flee Nazi Germany , in three BBC Schools audio stories
• Information about Holocaust Memorial Day
• The CBBC Newsround introduction to Anne Frank
• Watch a video introduction to Anne's life and the impact of her diary
• Information about the Holocaust and concentration camps
• The Holocaust Memorial Trust produces educational materials for teachers and parents about the Holocaust , including information about Miep Gies , the Dutch woman hid Anne, her family and four other Jews in her house to try to keep them safe from the Nazis
• Watch Anne Frank: A Life in Hiding - A Newsround special
• In Finding my Family: Holocaust - A Newsround Special , Holocaust survivor Steven Frank takes his teenage granddaughter on a journey to learn about his experiences during the Holocaust
• Find out why Anne Frank's diary still means so much to young people today
• Make a Holocaust Memorial Day Memorial Flame
• The National Literacy Trust Holocaust Memorial Day resources include a story in five instalments by Tom Palmer and videos and worksheets to support and inspire children to write their own responses

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Anne Frank was a Jewish girl who had to go into hiding during the Second World War to escape the Nazis. Her birthday was June 12th, 1929.

Here are some suggested teaching ideas:

• Find out about Anne Frank’s life and write a biography about her (see Resources below).
• Think of some questions that you would like to have asked Anne Frank. How might she have responded to them?
• Watch this video, which gives more information about Anne and her life:

Download our free resource biography template below.

Anne Frank Biography Template

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Anne Frank Primary Resource

Learn all about the young girl whose famous diary has inspired millions….

This primary resource introduces children to Anne Frank. Learn about the life of the young girl whose tragic tale became a story of hope. Why were Anne Frank and her family forced to leave Germany? Where did they go into hiding? When and where did the German police find them?

In our National Geographic Kids primary resource sheet, pupils will learn about the life of Anne Frank and how her famous diary has become an important part of world history.

The teaching resource can be used in study group tasks for a simple overview of the life of Anne Frank. It can be used as a printed handout for each pupil to read themselves, or for display on the interactive whiteboard, as part of a whole class reading exercise.

Activity:  Ask the pupils to write their own diary for a week, keeping a record of the different things they’ve done each day. What did they study in school? What food did they eat? What interesting conversations did they have? At the end of the week, pupils could read out parts of their diary to the class, or share their stories in small class groups.

N.B.  The following information for mapping the resource documents to the school curriculum is specifically tailored to the  English National Curriculum  and  Scottish Curriculum for Excellence . We are currently working to bring specifically tailored curriculum resource links for our other territories; including  South Africa ,  Australia  and  New Zealand . If you have any queries about our upcoming curriculum resource links, please email:  [email protected]

This History primary resource assists with teaching the following History objectives from the National Curriculum :  

• Gain historical perspective by placing their growing knowledge into different contexts, understanding the connections between local, regional, national and international history; between cultural, economic, military, political, religious and social history; and between short- and long-term timescales.

National Curriculum Key Stage 1 History objective:

• Pupils should be taught: the lives of significant individuals in the past who have contributed to national and international achievements. Some should be used to compare aspects of life in different periods.

This History primary resource assists with teaching the following Social Studies First level objective from the Scottish Curriculum for Excellence :

• I can compare aspects of people’s daily lives in the past with my own by using historical evidence or the experience of recreating an historical setting.
• Having selected a significant individual from the past, I can contribute to a discussion on the influence of their actions, then and since

Scottish Curriculum for Excellence Second level Social Studies objective :

• I can discuss why people and events from a particular time in the past were important, placing them within a historical sequence
• I can compare and contrast a society in the past with my own and contribute to a discussion of the similarities and differences
• I can use primary and secondary sources selectively to research events in the past

Scottish Curriculum for Excellence Third level Social Studies objective :

• I can describe the factors contributing to a major social, political or economic change in the past and can assess the impact on people’s lives.
• I can discuss the motives of those involved in a significant turning point in the past and assess the consequences it had then and since.

Scottish Curriculum for Excellence Fourth level Social Studies objective :

• I can describe the main features of conflicting world belief systems in the past and can present informed views on the consequences of such conflict for societies then and since. 

Download primary resource

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Diary of Anne Frank

Subject: History

Age range: 11-14

Resource type: Lesson (complete)

Last updated

20 February 2024

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The Holocaust

This lesson analyses the story of Anne Frank and celebrates her short life. It asks in a sequence of lessons I have produced, who is to blame for the holocaust?

Was it the SS who rounded up the Frank family or was it friends or spies to blame for theirs and countless death during World War 2?

The lesson tells her story and asks students to think of but, because and so.

There are some great video links to accompany the lesson as well as some analysis on an extract from her diary and a virtual tour of the annex.

A final true of false quiz checks recall and retrieval from the lesson.

The resource comes in Powerpoint format if there is a wish to adapt and change.

I have also included suggested teaching strategies to deliver the lesson.

Creative Commons "Sharealike"

Get this resource as part of a bundle and save up to 25%

A bundle is a package of resources grouped together to teach a particular topic, or a series of lessons, in one place.

Holocaust Bundle

I have created these set of resources for the History Key Stage 3 National Curriculum ‘challenges for Britain, Europe and the wider world 1901 to the present day. These lessons are also useful if you are studying Germany at GCSE, where never enough time can be devoted to the holocaust in depth and which students find so fascinating. The central question throughout these nine lessons is to find out who is to blame for the holocaust. They are closely linked together and students continually plot their ideas around a lightbulb, which can be referred back to each lesson (either dated or colour coded) to show progress throughout. Pupils will learn the significance and impact of the holocaust on the wider world and be able to see the causes and consequences of the systematic attacks on Jewish communities throughout Europe since the Middle Ages. They will learn key historical terms such as discrimination, persecution and genocide and understand the differences between concentration and extermination camps. They will be given sources to analyse such as the evidence from Anne Frank’s diary or an anti-Semitism tax return from Norwich in the Middle Ages and make historical inferences from them. Furthermore they will be able to write structured accounts and narratives of who was to blame from the Camp Guards or the SS, to Josef Mengele and the Einsatszgruppen units. The 10 lessons are broken down into the following: L1 An introduction to the holocaust L2 Anti-Semitism in Britain L3 Anti-Semitism in Europe L4 Extremism to Extermination L5 How was it organised? L6 Who was to blame? L7 Jewish Resistance L8 Liberation of the extermination camps L9 Diary of Anne Frank L10 Nuremberg Trials L11 The hunt for Josef Mengele Each lesson comes with suggested teaching and learning strategies and are linked to the latest historical interpretations and ideas used by current history teachers. The lessons are fully adaptable in Powerpoint format and can be changed to suit. I have included a couple of free lessons to give an idea of what is being offered. I strongly recommend using GCSE style questions from your chosen exam board and markschemes to assess the pupils at the end of this unit, which are always available on line.

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Who was Anne Frank? A Child-Friendly Explanation

Discover the inspiring story of Anne Frank explained in a simple and engaging way for children. Learn about her life, diary, and legacy.

Anne Frank was a brave and curious girl who lived during a difficult time in history. She was born in Germany in 1929 and grew up during World War II. During this time, people who were Jewish, like Anne and her family, were treated very unfairly by the government. Anne and her family had to go into hiding to stay safe from the bad things happening around them.

While in hiding, Anne kept a diary where she wrote down her thoughts and feelings. This diary became very famous because it showed the world what life was like for a young girl during the war. Anne wrote about her hopes, dreams, and fears in her diary, making it a powerful story that will always be remembered.

Tragically, Anne and her family were discovered and taken to a concentration camp, where they faced many hardships. Despite everything she went through, Anne never lost her courage and strength. Her diary was later found and shared with the world, inspiring people to stand up against injustice and to always have hope, even in the darkest times.

Anne Frank's story teaches us the importance of kindness, empathy, and standing up for what is right. Even though she faced many challenges, her words continue to impact and touch the hearts of people all over the world. Anne's legacy lives on, reminding us to never forget the past and to work towards a better future for everyone.

In conclusion, Anne Frank was a remarkable young girl whose bravery and resilience continue to inspire people of all ages. Her story reminds us to cherish our freedom, appreciate the diversity in the world, and to always strive for a more peaceful and inclusive society.

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Anne Frank timeline

Children sequence and date world events from World War Two alongside events in the lives of Anne Frank and her family to create a detailed timeline.

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Anne Frank Facts & Worksheets

Anne frank was a diarist and writer and one of the most discussed jewish victims of the holocaust., search for worksheets, download the anne frank facts & worksheets.

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Table of Contents

Anne Frank was a diarist and writer and one of the most discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Her wartime diary The Diary of a Young Girl has been the basis for several plays and films after its publication in 1947.

See the fact file below for more information on the Anne Frank or alternatively, you can download our 21-page Anne Frank worksheet pack to utilise within the classroom or home environment.

Key Facts & Information

Family and early life.

• Annelies Marie Frank, more popularly known as Anne Frank, was born on 12 June 1929 in Frankfurt, Germany.
• Together with her family, she lived in Amsterdam during World War II.
• Her father was German lieutenant Otto Frank and her mother was Edith Frank.
• Her father later became a businessman in Germany and the Netherlands.
• Her sister, Margot, was three years older than her.

EMIGRATION TO HOLLAND & NAZI OCCUPATION

• Anne’s family knew the right decision was to flee Germany when Hitler became German Chancellor on 20 January 1933.
• In the fall of 1933, they relocated to Amsterdam, Netherlands.
• In her diary, Anne Frank elaborated on the circumstances of her family’s emigration, which centered on their Jewish blood.
• In Holland, her father worked as a manager of the Dutch Opekta Company, a manufacturing company for products used to produce jam.
• On 15 May 1940, upon the surrender of the Dutch to the Germans, Nazi occupation in Holland began.

THE FRANK FAMILY’S HOME

• On 5 July 1942, Anne’s sister Margot received an official summons to appear at a Nazi work camp in Germany.
• One day after receiving the summons, the Franks went into hiding, in a three-storey makeshift lodging at the back of the company building of Anne’s father.
• To cover up their hidden location, Anne’s father left a note in their former apartment that they had left for Switzerland.
• They referred to their hidden quarters as the “Achterhuis” which translates from Dutch to “secret annex”.
• The door to the “achterhuis” was sealed with a bookcase.
• The Frank family lived there for two years together with Otto Frank’s most trusted employees.
• They never stepped outside of the Secret Annex in those two years.

ARREST AND INCARCERATION

• On 4 August 1944, the Secret Annex was raided by a German police officer and four Dutch Nazis.
• Everyone hiding in the annex was arrested and sent to Camp Westerbork, a concentration camp in the Netherlands before they were transferred to the Auschwitz death camp in Poland on 3 September 1944.
• They arrived in Auschwitz three days later and the men and women were separated, meaning that it was the last time Otto Frank saw his wife and daughters.
• Children younger than 15 years old were immediately sent to the gas chambers to die.
• Anne was spared from this because she had turned 15 three months prior.
• Conditions in the concentration camp were very harsh and Anne and Margot caught typhus fever in the early spring. They both died within a day of each other in March 1945, only a few weeks before the camp was liberated by British soldiers.
• Anne Frank died at only 15 years old.
• She was one of over 1 million Jewish children who died in the Holocaust.
• Otto Frank survived and returned to Amsterdam when the war ended.

ANNE FRANK’S DIARY

• Anne Frank received her red-checkered diary as a gift from her parents on her 13th birthday on 12 June 1942.
• Her first diary entry was addressed to her imaginary friend named Kitty.
• Anne Frank wrote long and extensive entries in her diary to pass the time while she and her family were in hiding in the Secret Annex.
• In her entries, she conveyed a wide spectrum of emotions: from despair to carelessness.
• She also examined the personalities of her family members as well as the dynamics and evolution of her relationships with them.
• Anne Frank aspired to become a journalist, as seen in her diary entry: “I finally realized that I must do my schoolwork to keep from being ignorant, to get on in life, to become a journalist, because that’s what I want!” (April 5, 1944).
• She wrote on a regular basis until her last entry dated August 1, 1944.
• From a young age, Anne’s diary revealed her maturity in the way she thought and expressed herself.
• The Diary of Anne Frank gained popularity not only because of the events of the war and Nazi occupation that she lived through but mainly because of her tireless spirit amidst dreadful circumstances and her undeniable talent as a storyteller.
• Frank’s diary tells the story of faith and hope in a time of hate, discrimination and persecution.
• In 2009, the Anne Frank Center USA launched the Sapling Project, a national initiative to plant saplings from a 170-year-old chestnut tree, which Anne had written about with great love in her diary.

Anne Frank Worksheets

This is a fantastic bundle which includes everything you need to know about Anne Frank across 21 in-depth pages. These are ready-to-use Anne Frank worksheets that are perfect for teaching students about Anne Frank who was a diarist and writer and one of the most discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Her wartime diary The Diary of a Young Girl has been the basis for several plays and films after its publication in 1947.

Complete List Of Included Worksheets

• Anne Frank Facts
• All About Anne
• Diary Excerpt
• The Secret Annex
• World War II Fast Facts
• Jewish Symbols
• Nightmare of Holocaust
• The Frank Family
• Color Me True
• Jewish Memorial

Frequently Asked Questions

How long did anne frank hide.

Anne Frank experienced 761 days in the Secret Annex, and although each individual day had its own unique atmosphere, there was a distinct rhythm to it all. By analyzing Anne’s diary entries and short stories, we can recreate what an ordinary weekday or Sunday would have been like during her time in the annex.

How was Anne Frank’s diary found?

After the war, Otto Frank survived Auschwitz and returned to Amsterdam. His secretary, Miep Gies, stumbled upon Anne’s diary while searching through the house after it was raided by Nazis and her family members were interned. Rescuing these precious few writings of Anne’s; Gies saved both the dairy as well as any additional notebooks or papers that remained intact from before.

How did the Franks get caught?

Kremer’s father knew Van Dijk in Amsterdam. Kremer’s dad heard people talking about where the Franks were in Prinsengracht during a conversation in a Nazi office in early August 1944. The Franks were captured by Nazis a few days after that conversation. But Van Dijk was not there when it happened–he was in The Hague.

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