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Plot summary

Central themes, context and reception, adaptations.

• What is Victor Hugo remembered for?

The Hunchback of Notre Dame

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• University of South Carolina Libraries - Scholar Commons - "This dreadful web": Alienation and Miscommunication in The"This dreadful web": Alienation and Miscommunication in The Hunchback of Notre DameHunchback of Notre Dame
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• Table Of Contents

The Hunchback of Notre Dame , historical novel by Victor Hugo , originally published in French in 1831 as Notre-Dame de Paris (“Our Lady of Paris”).

The Hunchback of Notre Dame is set in Paris during the 15th century. The story centres on Quasimodo , the deformed bell ringer of Notre-Dame Cathedral , and his unrequited love for the beautiful dancer La Esmeralda. Esmeralda, born Agnès, is perceived to be a French Roma girl. Her biological mother is a former prostitute once known as Paquette la Chantefleurie but now known as Sister Gudule; her paternity is unknown. Fifteen years before the events of the novel , a group of Roma kidnapped the infant Agnès from her mother’s room. Esmeralda has no knowledge of her kidnapping: she lives and travels with the Roma as if she is one of them. Quasimodo first meets Esmeralda at the Feast of Fools , an annual festival parodying ecclesiastical ritual and cardinal elections. During the festival, Quasimodo is elected “Pope of the Fools” and subsequently beaten by an angry mob. Esmeralda takes pity on him and offers him a drink of water. Quasimodo thereafter falls in love with the dancer and decides to devote himself to protecting her.

Unbeknownst to Quasimodo, two other men vie for Esmeralda’s affection: Quasimodo’s adoptive father, Archdeacon Dom Claude Frollo, and the womanizing captain Phoebus de Châteaupers. Esmeralda, for her part, has fallen hopelessly in love with Captain Phoebus. When he asks her to meet him in secret late one night, she enthusiastically agrees. That night Phoebus tries to persuade Esmeralda to sleep with him. From a closet in Phoebus’s room, a disguised Frollo spies on the couple. After he sees Phoebus kiss Esmeralda’s shoulder, the archdeacon , in a fit of jealous rage, breaks down the closet door and stabs Phoebus in the back. Phoebus collapses before he can see his assailant. Esmeralda too loses consciousness , and Frollo escapes, leaving Esmeralda as the only suspect for the attempted murder.

Esmeralda is quickly captured by the king’s guard. Master Jacques Charmolue presides over her trial. Charmolue sentences her to death after she falsely confesses to witchcraft and to murdering Phoebus. (Esmeralda is unaware that Phoebus is alive.) Quasimodo attempts to shelter Esmeralda in Notre-Dame, but he is ultimately unable to save her. Frollo betrays Quasimodo and Esmeralda by taking Esmeralda from the cathedral and releasing her to an angry mob of Parisians. Shortly thereafter Esmeralda is hanged, and Quasimodo, in his grief and despair, pushes Frollo from the cathedral tower. The novel ends many years later, when two skeletons—that of a hunchback and that of a woman—are found embracing in Esmeralda’s tomb. Hugo reports that Phoebus also came to a tragic end: “He married.”

Hugo’s The Hunchback of Notre Dame considers what it means to be a monster. The novel makes Quasimodo’s defining characteristic his physical monstrosity, and his entire identity is constructed around being perceived as a monster. He is described by one of the women of Paris as a “wicked” ugly man. Several characters suggest that he is some kind of supernatural being that prowls around Paris, casting spells on its citizens. Quasimodo is juxtaposed with the dashing Captain Phoebus, who shares his name with the Greco-Roman god of the Sun . Phoebus is described as an imposing young man, “one of those handsome fellows whom all women agree to admire.” Yet it is Quasimodo—not Captain Phoebus—who attempts to save Esmeralda and who ultimately kills the archdeacon, thereby ending his reign of terror.

Esmeralda is also perceived as a kind of monster. Although she is not, in fact, a Rom, she is seen and treated as one. In The Hunchback of Notre Dame the Roma are associated with witchcraft and the supernatural. They are viewed as exotic outsiders and are said to practice magic, possess satanic goats, and kidnap Parisian children among other things. Frollo exploits their association with the supernatural to sanction a Roma purge, just as Charmolue uses it to authorize Esmeralda’s execution.

The novel condemns the society that heaps misery on the likes of Quasimodo and Esmeralda. In the end, Hugo indicates that the real monsters are not Quasimodo and Esmeralda but Frollo and Phoebus.

The cathedral Notre-Dame de Paris is one of the most enduring symbols of the French capital city. Hugo conceived of The Hunchback of Notre Dame as a story of the cathedral itself and devoted two chapters of the novel to describing it. He focused primarily on the Gothic architectural elements of the structure, including its flying buttresses, clerestory windows, and stained glass . Hugo identified Gothic architecture as the bearer of the cultural heritage of France and argued that, as such, it should be protected. At the time that the novel was written (between 1828 and 1831), Paris was verging on major changes that cumulatively threatened to destroy much of its cultural heritage. The French Revolution had resulted in the desacralization, decay, and consequent destruction of many Gothic cathedrals and churches. In the July Revolution of 1830, the French people expressed a desire to liberate themselves from the past. This uprising was driven by a condemnation of the forms and institutions associated with the traditional monarchical regime, and its leaders sought a new way forward.

In The Hunchback of Notre Dame , Hugo recreates the vibrant, intense atmosphere of 15th-century life to remind his readers of the splendour and significance of Paris’s Gothic past. The book doubles as a plea for the preservation of the city’s historic Gothic architecture (and thus its heritage). His plea was met with great success. The first printing, by publisher Charles Gosselin, was distributed in four issues of 275 copies each, and the novel was instantly, incredibly popular. Many thousands of printings followed. The Hunchback of Notre Dame circulated widely, inspiring illustrations by lithographers, painters, book illustrators, and even cartoonists. Images from the novel (especially images of the cathedral) became known to individuals at all levels of society. Notre-Dame de Paris became a French national icon, and the proliferation of images of the cathedral helped revive the use and prestige of Gothic forms. An extensive program of renovation, overseen by French restoration specialist Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc , was undertaken in the mid-1840s, and in the latter half of the 19th century Gothic monuments began to regain their religious significance.

The Hunchback of Notre Dame has been adapted several times for the stage and screen. One of the most notable film versions was directed by William Dieterle ; it was released in 1939 and starred Charles Laughton and Maureen O’Hara , though its happy ending diverged significantly from Hugo’s novel. Other screen adaptations included a 1923 silent film featuring Lon Chaney and a 1956 version starring Anthony Quinn and Gina Lollobrigida . The stage musical Notre-Dame de Paris premiered in Paris in September 1998. The production reportedly had the most successful first year of any musical up to that time. A year later, Der Glöckner von Notre Dame (“The Bell Ringer of Notre Dame”) opened in Berlin . Unlike it’s French counterpart, the German adaptation was based on the Disney animated film The Hunchback of Notre Dame , which was released three years prior, in 1996. Although based on Hugo’s novel, the animated film differs significantly from the original text. In Disney’s The Hunchback of Notre Dame , Quasimodo is not dark and brooding but naïve and friendly. He craves social interaction and expresses a keen desire to make friends. Phoebus is also recast: he is a good-natured heroic soldier who returns Esmeralda’s love. The film also revises the end of the novel, such that Esmeralda survives and befriends Quasimodo.

The Hunchback of Notre-Dame

Victor hugo , walter j. cobb  ( translator ) , lucie konvičková  ( editor ).

510 pages, Paperback

First published March 16, 1831

About the author

Victor Hugo

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الشقاء أن يحب الرجل امرأة لا تحبه.. لا تشعر به.. لا تشفق لحاله‏ أن يريد الرجل التضحية بحياته كلها لقاء ابتسامة من حبيبته وهي تنفر منه ‏أو تهرب وتصد ولا تدري أن صدودها طعنات للقلب الذي أحبها‎ ‏....‏‎ الشقاء أن ينشطر الرجل إلى عقل وقلب العقل يلعن من يخون والقلب يعفو ويسامح رغم الألم والعذاب مع من يحب وبكن له الحب العظيم

" لاتنظرى إلى الشكل، بل انظري إلى القلب أيتها الفتاة، إن قلب شاب جميل هو في الغالب قلب مشوه، فهناك قلوب لا تحتفظ بالحب أيتها الفتاة ، شجر الصنوبر ليس جميلاً، وليس كشجر الحور ، طويلاً ولكنه يحتفظ بأوراقه الخضراء خلال الشتاء ******** وا أسفي على حالي ! لم كل هذا الكلام ، لقد اخطأ القبيح في الاحتفاظ بحياته ، فالجمال لا يحب غيرالجمال ، وشهر نيسان لا يشبه أشهر كانون. ***** الجمال شئ كامل ، والجمال قادر على كل شئ، والجمال هو الشئ الوحيد المكتمل **** لا يطير الغراب إلا في النهار، ولا تطير البومة إلا ليلاً، أما البجعة فتطير ليلاً ونهاراً

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The Hunchback of Notre Dame

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Welcome to the LitCharts study guide on Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre Dame . Created by the original team behind SparkNotes, LitCharts are the world's best literature guides.

The Hunchback of Notre Dame: Introduction

The hunchback of notre dame: plot summary, the hunchback of notre dame: detailed summary & analysis, the hunchback of notre dame: themes, the hunchback of notre dame: quotes, the hunchback of notre dame: characters, the hunchback of notre dame: terms, the hunchback of notre dame: symbols, the hunchback of notre dame: theme wheel, brief biography of victor hugo.

Historical Context of The Hunchback of Notre Dame

Other books related to the hunchback of notre dame.

• Full Title: The Hunchback of Notre Dame
• When Written: 1830
• Where Written: Paris, France
• When Published: 1831
• Literary Period: Romantic
• Genre: Gothic novel
• Setting: Paris, France
• Climax: Claude Frollo finally succeeds in having Esmeralda hung for witchcraft and, while he watches her execution from the tower of Notre Dame, is pushed to his death by Quasimodo.
• Antagonist: Dom Claude Frollo
• Point of View: Third-person

Extra Credit for The Hunchback of Notre Dame

War to the Demolishers. Before he wrote The Hunchback of Notre Dame , Victor Hugo wrote a furious pamphlet called War to the Demolishers , in which he railed against the damage done to historical architecture by modern architects and developers in the city of Paris. The Hunchback of Notre Dame was a continuation of this idea for Hugo and caused a widespread interest in the preservation and protection of historical buildings in France.

Capital Punishment. Hugo was passionately opposed to the death penalty and gave many influential speeches in the French Parliament on this topic. One of his early novels, The Last Day of a Condemned Man , charts the final hours of a prisoner destined to be executed. Hugo’s campaign against capital punishment contributed to the abolishment of this practice in Portugal, Columbia, and Geneva.

The Hunchback of Notre-Dame Book Summary

By victor hugo, the hunchback of notre-dame.

Set in 15th-century Paris, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells the tragic story of Quasimodo, the deformed bell-ringer of Notre Dame Cathedral, and his unrequited love for the beautiful gypsy Esmeralda. The novel explores themes of love, lust, prejudice, and social injustice, weaving a tale of compassion and cruelty against the backdrop of the magnificent cathedral.

Table of contents

Author & writing background, quasimodo, the hunchback, esmeralda, the gypsy, claude frollo, the archdeacon, phoebus de chateaupers, the captain, love and lust, social injustice and prejudice, the cathedral as a symbol, fate and free will, what is the main theme of the hunchback of notre dame, is the hunchback of notre dame a love story, how does the setting of notre dame cathedral contribute to the story, what is the significance of quasimodo’s character, the hunchback of notre-dame quotes.

Victor Hugo was a prominent French Romantic writer, poet, and playwright. He is considered one of the greatest French authors and is known for his works like Les Misérables and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame. Hugo’s writing is characterized by its vivid descriptions, emotional depth, and social commentary. He was deeply involved in French politics and social issues, which often influenced his works.

Key Takeaways

Quasimodo, the protagonist, is a kind-hearted but physically deformed bell-ringer of Notre Dame. Shunned by society due to his appearance, he finds solace in the cathedral and his love for Esmeralda.

Esmeralda is a beautiful and free-spirited gypsy dancer who captivates the hearts of many men, including Quasimodo, the poet Gringoire, and the Archdeacon Claude Frollo.

Frollo is a complex character consumed by lust for Esmeralda, leading him to a path of obsession and destruction.

Phoebus is a handsome and arrogant soldier who initially pursues Esmeralda but later abandons her.

The novel explores different forms of love and lust, from Quasimodo’s pure and selfless love for Esmeralda to Frollo’s destructive obsession.

Hugo highlights the plight of the marginalized in society, such as gypsies and those with physical deformities, who face prejudice and discrimination.

Notre Dame Cathedral serves as a central symbol in the novel, representing sanctuary, beauty, and the enduring power of architecture.

The characters’ lives are intertwined by fate and their own choices, leading to a tragic conclusion.

FAQ about The Hunchback of Notre-Dame

The novel explores various themes, including love, lust, prejudice, social injustice, and the complexities of human nature.

While it features elements of romance, the novel is more than just a love story. It delves into themes of obsession, societal prejudice, and the struggle for redemption.

The cathedral serves as a central symbol and a character in itself. It represents sanctuary, beauty, and the enduring power of architecture, while also highlighting the contrast between the grandeur of the building and the darkness of some human hearts.

Quasimodo embodies the theme of inner beauty versus outer appearance. Despite his physical deformities, he possesses a kind and loving heart, challenging societal prejudices.

• “To love another person is to see the face of God.”
• “He gazed at the gypsy with more and more surprise and anxiety, as one would at a dancing sunbeam, at something beautiful and impossible.”
• “What makes night within us may leave stars.”

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The hunchback of notre-dame by victor hugo - review, summary, analysis & facts.

Table of Contents:

1. book details, 2. synopsis, 4. analysis (symbols, themes etc), 6. about the author, 7. book club questions, 8. reading plan, 9. facts & curiosities, 10. famous quotes, 12. books related, full title:.

The Hunchback of Notre-Dame

• Literary Fiction

Gothic novel, historical fiction

Number of Pages:

Author - who wrote.

Victor Hugo

Publication Date:

March 16, 1831

Country & Original Language:

The novel was written in French and is set in Paris, France.

The story is primarily set in and around Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris during the late 15th century.

Point of View:

The narrative is presented in the third person.

Characters:

The main characters include:

Quasimodo - the hunchbacked bell-ringer of Notre-Dame.

Esmeralda - a Romani woman who befriends Quasimodo.

Claude Frollo - the Archdeacon of Notre-Dame.

Phoebus de Châteaupers - a captain of the King's Archers.

Jehan Frollo - Claude Frollo's dissolute younger brother.

Pierre Gringoire - a poet and philosopher.

"The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" is a novel by Victor Hugo that tells the story of Quasimodo, a deformed bell-ringer of Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris, and his experiences in a city full of corruption, prejudice, and injustice. The novel explores the lives of several characters whose fates become intertwined.

Quasimodo, a kind and misunderstood hunchback, lives a secluded life in the cathedral. His master, Claude Frollo, the Archdeacon of Notre-Dame, is a complex character with conflicting emotions. The novel introduces Esmeralda, a beautiful and compassionate Romani woman, who befriends Quasimodo. However, her kindness and beauty attract the attention of others, including the handsome but deceitful Captain Phoebus de Châteaupers and the obsessed Archdeacon Frollo.

As the narrative unfolds, the lives of these characters become increasingly entangled in a web of love, betrayal, and tragedy. The backdrop of medieval Paris, with its narrow streets and grand cathedral, adds to the atmospheric and Gothic nature of the story.

The novel also delves into societal issues, highlighting the prejudices faced by marginalized groups such as the Romani people and the harsh realities of the criminal justice system. Victor Hugo uses "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" to comment on the human condition, exploring themes of love, justice, and the impact of societal norms on individuals.

The story reaches its climax during the Feast of Fools, a chaotic and revelrous event in the city. The fate of the characters is ultimately shaped by the events that unfold during this pivotal moment. "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" is a tragic tale that combines romance, drama, and social commentary, leaving a lasting impact on literature and popular culture.

"The Hunchback of Notre-Dame," written by Victor Hugo and published in 1831, is a rich and complex tale set in medieval Paris, primarily around the iconic Notre-Dame Cathedral. The novel explores the lives of several characters whose destinies become intertwined in a city marked by corruption, prejudice, and social injustice.

At the heart of the narrative is Quasimodo, a deformed and kind-hearted bell-ringer who lives a secluded life in the cathedral. Quasimodo was abandoned as a baby and adopted by Claude Frollo, the Archdeacon of Notre-Dame. Frollo is a complex character, torn between his duty as a clergyman and his darker impulses. His obsession with the beautiful Romani woman, Esmeralda, sets off a chain of events that drive the novel's plot.

Esmeralda, a compassionate and free-spirited Romani, becomes a central figure in the story. Her kindness and beauty attract the attention of various characters, each with their own motivations and desires. Captain Phoebus de Châteaupers, a charismatic but deceitful soldier, becomes infatuated with Esmeralda, as does Frollo, who struggles with his conflicting emotions as a clergyman.

The novel introduces other characters that contribute to the complex tapestry of the narrative. Jehan Frollo, the dissolute and wayward younger brother of Claude, adds a layer of familial tension. Pierre Gringoire, a poet and philosopher, becomes entangled with the events surrounding Esmeralda, providing a different perspective on the unfolding drama.

As the story progresses, themes of love, betrayal, and tragedy emerge. The Gothic setting of medieval Paris, with its narrow streets, grand cathedral, and bustling city life, adds to the atmospheric nature of the narrative. Hugo uses the novel to comment on societal issues, highlighting the prejudices faced by marginalized groups such as the Romani people and critiquing the harsh realities of the criminal justice system.

The Feast of Fools, a chaotic and revelrous event in the city, serves as a pivotal moment in the story. The characters' fates are sealed during this climactic event, leading to a tragic conclusion. The novel's themes resonate beyond its historical setting, addressing timeless aspects of the human condition.

Quasimodo, with his physical deformities, embodies the novel's exploration of societal perceptions of beauty and ugliness. Despite his appearance, Quasimodo possesses a kind and gentle soul. His loyalty to Esmeralda and his role as the bell-ringer of Notre-Dame highlight the disparity between his outward appearance and his inner character.

Esmeralda, on the other hand, represents the plight of the Romani people and the challenges faced by those who are marginalized and persecuted. Her character embodies compassion, innocence, and resilience, making her a symbol of hope in the face of adversity.

The character of Claude Frollo serves as a complex antagonist. His internal struggles between duty, desire, and morality make him a tragic figure. Frollo's descent into darkness and obsession with Esmeralda ultimately leads to disastrous consequences.

Captain Phoebus de Châteaupers adds a layer of moral ambiguity to the narrative. His charismatic exterior hides a self-serving and deceitful nature, contributing to the novel's exploration of human flaws and the consequences of unchecked desire.

Jehan Frollo, the wayward brother, introduces a familial dimension to the story. His actions and choices contribute to the unfolding tragedy, highlighting the impact of personal decisions on broader narratives.

Pierre Gringoire, the poet and philosopher, provides a contrasting perspective. His observational and reflective nature serves as a lens through which the reader can view the events of the novel. Gringoire's interactions with the other characters add depth to the narrative, offering moments of introspection and commentary.

The Feast of Fools serves as a turning point in the story, bringing the characters together in a climactic and chaotic event. The festivities provide a backdrop for the resolution of various plotlines, leading to a tragic and poignant conclusion.

Victor Hugo's writing style is characterized by detailed descriptions, intricate characterizations, and a profound exploration of societal issues. His vivid depiction of medieval Paris and the Notre-Dame Cathedral immerses the reader in the atmospheric setting of the novel. The use of Gothic elements enhances the dark and dramatic tone, contributing to the overall impact of the narrative.

In conclusion, "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" is a timeless and poignant novel that explores the complexities of human nature, societal prejudices, and the consequences of unchecked desire. The characters, set against the backdrop of medieval Paris, navigate a web of love, betrayal, and tragedy. Quasimodo, Esmeralda, Claude Frollo, and the other characters each contribute to the novel's rich tapestry, creating a story that resonates with readers across generations. Victor Hugo's exploration of beauty, ugliness, and the human condition elevates "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" to the status of a classic work of literature.

1. Quasimodo: Quasimodo, the deformed bell-ringer, serves as a poignant symbol of the novel's exploration of societal perceptions of beauty and ugliness. Despite his physical deformities, Quasimodo embodies a kind and gentle soul. His loyalty to Esmeralda and his role as the bell-ringer of Notre-Dame highlight the disparity between his outward appearance and his inner character. Quasimodo's character invites readers to question societal norms and prejudices.

2. Esmeralda: Esmeralda, a Romani woman, represents marginalized groups and the challenges faced by those who are persecuted. Her character embodies compassion, innocence, and resilience, making her a symbol of hope in the face of adversity. Through Esmeralda, Hugo critiques societal discrimination and the plight of those deemed as outsiders.

3. Claude Frollo: Claude Frollo, the conflicted Archdeacon, serves as a complex antagonist. His internal struggles between duty, desire, and morality make him a tragic figure. Frollo's descent into darkness and obsession with Esmeralda unveils the consequences of unchecked passions. Frollo's character explores the complexities of morality and the blurred lines between good and evil.

4. Captain Phoebus de Châteaupers: Phoebus adds a layer of moral ambiguity to the narrative. His charismatic exterior conceals a self-serving and deceitful nature. Phoebus contributes to the exploration of human flaws and the consequences of unchecked desire. His character raises questions about societal expectations and the true nature of individuals.

5. Jehan Frollo: Jehan Frollo, the wayward brother, introduces a familial dimension to the story. His actions and choices contribute to the unfolding tragedy, emphasizing the impact of personal decisions on broader narratives. Jehan's character adds depth to the exploration of family dynamics within the novel.

6. Pierre Gringoire: Gringoire, the poet and philosopher, serves as an observer and commentator. His reflective nature offers insights into societal issues and the consequences of human actions. Gringoire's interactions with other characters provide moments of introspection and social commentary.

1. Beauty and Ugliness: A central theme in the novel is the exploration of beauty and ugliness. Quasimodo's physical deformities contrast sharply with his inner beauty, challenging societal norms and perceptions. The novel prompts readers to reflect on the superficial judgments often imposed by society.

2. Social Prejudices: "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" is a critique of societal prejudices and discrimination. The Romani people, represented by Esmeralda, face societal bias and persecution. The novel underscores the impact of social norms on individuals deemed as outsiders.

3. Consequences of Desire: The characters, particularly Claude Frollo and Captain Phoebus, grapple with desire and its consequences. Frollo's obsessive desire for Esmeralda leads to tragic outcomes, highlighting the destructive nature of unchecked passions. Phoebus, with his deceitful nature, represents the consequences of desire driven by selfish motives.

4. Tragedy and Redemption: The novel unfolds as a tragic narrative, exploring the complexities of human existence. The characters' fates are marked by tragedy, yet elements of redemption and resilience shine through, particularly in the characters of Quasimodo and Esmeralda.

1. Notre-Dame Cathedral:

Symbolizes Divine Presence:  The cathedral represents a divine presence, providing a sanctuary for some characters and reflecting the divine order. Quasimodo's connection to Notre-Dame emphasizes a spiritual bond that transcends physical appearance.

2. Quasimodo's Bells:

Symbol of Identity:  Quasimodo's bells symbolize his identity and role as the bell-ringer. They also represent his communication with the world and his unique form of expression.

3. Esmeralda's Necklace:

Symbol of Hope:  Esmeralda's necklace, a gift from Captain Phoebus, symbolizes hope and her desire for a better life. It becomes a pivotal element in the plot, representing aspirations and dreams.

4. The Feast of Fools:

Symbol of Chaos:  The Feast of Fools symbolizes the chaos and disorder in society. It serves as a turning point in the narrative, marking the culmination of societal tensions and foreshadowing tragic events.

Key Points:

1. Social Injustice:

Marginalization of Romani People:  The novel critiques societal prejudices, particularly against the Romani people. Esmeralda's character highlights the discrimination faced by marginalized groups.

2. Conflict of Duty and Desire:

Claude Frollo's Struggle:  The internal conflict of Claude Frollo, torn between his duty as a clergyman and his dark desires, is a central theme. His descent into obsession explores the consequences of unchecked passions.

3. Tragic Love and Betrayal:

Esmeralda and Quasimodo:  The tragic love between Esmeralda and Quasimodo and the betrayal experienced by various characters underscore the novel's exploration of human relationships.

4. Gothic Atmosphere:

Medieval Paris and Notre-Dame:  The Gothic setting of medieval Paris and the Notre-Dame Cathedral creates a dark and atmospheric backdrop. Gothic elements contribute to the novel's tone and mood.

Literary Devices:

Irony in Character Motivations:  The irony in characters' motivations, such as Frollo's pursuit of Esmeralda and Phoebus's deceitful nature, adds depth and complexity to the narrative.

2. Symbolism:

Use of Symbols:  The novel employs symbols like Notre-Dame Cathedral and Quasimodo's bells to convey deeper meanings and themes.

3. Foreshadowing:

Feast of Fools as Foreshadowing:  The Feast of Fools serves as a foreshadowing device, indicating the impending tragedy and shaping the narrative's trajectory.

4. Imagery:

Vivid Descriptions:  Hugo's use of vivid imagery brings medieval Paris, the cathedral, and the characters to life, enhancing the reader's immersion in the narrative.

Historical/Cultural Context:

1. Post-Revolution France:

Impact of French Revolution:  The novel is set in post-revolutionary France, reflecting the societal changes and challenges of the time. The aftermath of the revolution is evident in the novel's exploration of justice and inequality.

2. Romani Stereotypes:

Reflection of Prejudices:  The portrayal of Esmeralda and the Romani people reflects the stereotypes and prejudices prevalent in 19th-century France. Hugo uses the narrative to critique these biases.

3. Gothic Revival:

Gothic Architecture:  The Gothic architecture of Notre-Dame Cathedral aligns with the 19th-century Gothic Revival movement, emphasizing a return to medieval architectural styles.

1. Medieval Paris:

Narrow Streets and Grand Cathedral:  The novel's setting in medieval Paris with its narrow streets, bustling city life, and the iconic Notre-Dame Cathedral contributes to the atmospheric and historical context of the narrative.

2. Notre-Dame Cathedral:

Symbolic Center:  The cathedral serves as the symbolic and physical center of the novel, influencing the characters' lives and the unfolding events. It represents both sanctuary and tragedy.

3. The Feast of Fools:

Climactic Setting:  The Feast of Fools serves as a climactic setting where characters' fates are sealed. The chaotic atmosphere during the feast adds tension and sets the stage for the novel's resolution.

Victor Hugo's Writing Style:

Hugo's writing style is characterized by detailed descriptions, intricate characterizations, and a profound exploration of societal issues. His vivid depiction of medieval Paris and the Notre-Dame Cathedral immerses readers in the atmospheric setting of the novel. The use of Gothic elements enhances the dark and dramatic tone, contributing to the overall impact of the narrative. Hugo's narrative voice, as seen through characters like Gringoire, provides a reflective lens that invites readers to ponder the deeper societal and moral implications of the story.

Victor Hugo's "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" stands as a literary masterpiece that transcends its 19th-century origins to deliver a timeless narrative rich with societal commentary, complex characters, and an atmospheric setting that captivates readers from start to finish. This review aims to delve into why this classic work is not only recommended but also essential reading for those seeking profound insights into the human condition.

Why It's Recommended:

1. Profound Exploration of Humanity:

Hugo's narrative goes beyond a simple love story; it serves as a profound exploration of human nature. The characters, from the tormented Quasimodo to the conflicted Claude Frollo, are meticulously crafted to reflect the complexities and contradictions inherent in all of us.

2. Societal Commentary:

"The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" serves as a powerful critique of societal prejudices and injustices. Through the lens of characters like Esmeralda, Hugo addresses the marginalization of certain groups, inviting readers to reflect on their own biases and the broader societal landscape.

3. Timeless Themes:

The novel's themes of love, betrayal, and the consequences of unchecked desire resonate across centuries. Hugo's exploration of beauty, ugliness, and the human condition ensures the relevance of the narrative to readers of any era.

4. Atmospheric and Evocative Setting:

The vivid portrayal of medieval Paris and the iconic Notre-Dame Cathedral creates an atmospheric and evocative setting. Hugo's detailed descriptions transport readers into the heart of the city, enhancing the immersive experience of the narrative.

5. Character Complexity:

The characters in "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" are multi-dimensional, each with their own internal struggles and motivations. Quasimodo's loyalty, Esmeralda's resilience, and Frollo's internal conflicts contribute to a narrative rich with psychological depth.

For Whom It's Recommended:

1. Classic Literature Enthusiasts:

Readers with a penchant for classic literature will find "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" to be a rewarding and enriching experience. The novel's depth, symbolism, and nuanced characters make it a quintessential work within the canon of classic literature.

2. Those Interested in Societal Critique:

The novel's exploration of societal prejudices and injustices makes it particularly relevant for readers interested in dissecting and understanding the societal dynamics that shape human interactions. It serves as a mirror reflecting both historical and contemporary issues.

3. Fans of Atmospheric Settings:

Readers who appreciate immersive settings that transport them to a different time and place will be captivated by the Gothic atmosphere of medieval Paris. The vivid descriptions evoke a sense of time and space that enhances the overall reading experience.

4. Anyone Seeking Profound Reflection:

"The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" is recommended for those seeking a narrative that goes beyond mere entertainment. Its exploration of profound themes and the human psyche invites readers to engage in thoughtful reflection and introspection.

Why It's Worth Reading:

1. Timeless Relevance:

The novel's exploration of universal themes ensures its timeless relevance. Its commentary on societal issues remains pertinent, allowing readers to draw connections between the novel's world and their own.

2. Literary Craftsmanship:

Victor Hugo's unparalleled literary craftsmanship is on full display in this novel. The intricate characterizations, vivid imagery, and skillful use of symbolism contribute to a work of art that transcends its historical context.

3. Emotional Resonance:

The emotional resonance of the characters' journeys, marked by tragedy, love, and redemption, ensures that readers are not just spectators but active participants in the narrative. The emotional depth of the story lingers long after the last page is turned.

About the Author: Victor Hugo

Victor Hugo, born on February 26, 1802, in Besançon, France, was a towering figure in 19th-century literature and a key influencer of the Romantic movement. Raised in a family of artistic and literary inclinations, Hugo displayed early signs of his prolific talent, publishing his first poetry collection at the age of 20.

His literary journey reached its zenith with monumental works such as "Les Misérables" and, of course, "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" ("Notre-Dame de Paris" in French). Hugo's writings extended beyond the realms of fiction to encompass plays, essays, and political commentary. His commitment to social justice and advocacy for human rights was not only evident in his writing but also in his political engagements, having served as a member of the National Assembly during the turbulent times of the French Second Republic.

Victor Hugo's literary legacy earned him international acclaim, and his influence extended far beyond the boundaries of his native France. His work, characterized by its deep social consciousness, vivid imagination, and lyrical prose, remains an enduring testament to the power of literature to shape and reflect the human experience.

What Inspired the Author to Write "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame":

"The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" was conceived during a period of intense fascination with Gothic architecture and a burgeoning interest in historical preservation. Victor Hugo, a staunch advocate for the conservation of cultural landmarks, found inspiration in the deteriorating state of the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris. Witnessing the neglect of this architectural marvel, Hugo became determined to raise awareness about the importance of preserving such cultural treasures.

The novel, published in 1831, emerged as a heartfelt plea for the restoration and preservation of Notre-Dame Cathedral. Hugo's desire to weave a narrative around the cathedral and its surroundings led to the creation of a tale that went beyond architectural advocacy, delving into the intricacies of human relationships and societal injustices.

Influences from the Author's Life in the Novel:

1. Social Justice Advocacy:

Hugo's fervent advocacy for social justice, evident in his political career and writings, permeates the narrative of "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame." The novel serves as a powerful critique of societal prejudices, reflecting Hugo's own commitment to addressing inequities.

2. Romantic Sensibility:

As a prominent figure in the Romantic movement, Hugo's romantic sensibility is unmistakably woven into the novel's fabric. The emphasis on emotions, the exploration of individualism, and the celebration of nature are all hallmarks of Romantic literature and find expression in the characters and themes of the novel.

3. Personal Tragedy:

Hugo's life was marked by personal tragedies, including the death of his daughter Léopoldine. The theme of tragedy and loss is palpable in the novel, particularly in the fate of its characters. This personal experience likely contributed to the emotional depth and poignancy of the narrative.

4. Passion for Gothic Architecture:

Hugo's passion for Gothic architecture, particularly Notre-Dame Cathedral, is a prominent influence on the novel's setting and atmosphere. His desire to see such structures preserved and appreciated by future generations is reflected in the vivid descriptions and symbolic importance attributed to the cathedral.

1. Character Exploration:

How do the physical appearances of characters, such as Quasimodo and Esmeralda, contrast with their inner qualities? How does Victor Hugo use these characters to challenge societal norms regarding beauty and ugliness?

2. Moral Ambiguity:

Discuss the moral ambiguity of characters like Claude Frollo and Captain Phoebus. How do their actions and choices contribute to the overall tragic nature of the narrative? In what ways does Hugo explore the complexities of human morality?

3. Symbolism of Notre-Dame Cathedral:

Explore the symbolic significance of Notre-Dame Cathedral in the novel. How does the cathedral function as both a physical setting and a metaphorical element in the narrative? What themes does it represent?

4. Social Critique:

In what ways does "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" serve as a critique of societal prejudices and injustices? How do characters like Esmeralda and Quasimodo embody the societal issues of their time, and how do these themes resonate today?

5. Romanticism in the Novel:

Discuss the elements of Romanticism present in the novel, such as the emphasis on emotions, individualism, and nature. How does Victor Hugo's Romantic sensibility shape the narrative and the portrayal of characters?

6. Tragedy and Redemption:

Explore the themes of tragedy and redemption in the novel. How do characters like Quasimodo and Esmeralda experience both tragedy and moments of redemption? What role does personal sacrifice play in the characters' journeys?

7. Influence of Historical Context:

How does the historical and cultural context of post-revolutionary France influence the events and themes of the novel? In what ways does Victor Hugo use the setting to comment on societal changes and challenges?

8. Gothic Elements:

Discuss the Gothic elements present in the novel, such as the atmospheric setting, the Feast of Fools, and the use of dark and dramatic imagery. How do these elements contribute to the overall tone and impact of the narrative?

9. Role of Fate:

Explore the concept of fate in the novel. How do the characters' destinies unfold, and to what extent do they have control over their lives? In what ways does fate contribute to the tragic nature of the story?

10. Themes of Beauty and Ugliness:

Examine the novel's exploration of beauty and ugliness. How do characters like Quasimodo challenge societal perceptions of physical appearance? In what ways does the novel convey the disparity between external beauty and intrinsic worth?

11. Pierre Gringoire as an Observer:

Consider the role of Pierre Gringoire as an observer and commentator in the novel. How does his perspective add depth to the narrative, and what insights does he provide into the societal issues explored by Victor Hugo?

12. Adaptations and Modern Relevance:

Discuss any film or stage adaptations of "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" that the members may have seen. How do these adaptations interpret and convey the themes of the novel? In what ways does the story remain relevant in a modern context?

Week 1: Pages 1-120 (Chapters 1-10)

During the first week, focus on establishing the setting, characters, and initial plot developments. Pay attention to the introduction of Quasimodo, Esmeralda, and Claude Frollo. Consider the significance of Notre-Dame Cathedral.

Week 2: Pages 121-240 (Chapters 11-20)

In the second week, delve deeper into the characters' relationships and the unfolding plot. Explore the complexities of the Feast of Fools and the events leading up to it. Discuss the societal issues introduced by Hugo.

Week 3: Pages 241-360 (Chapters 21-30)

The third week should cover key developments in the narrative, including the consequences of the Feast of Fools and the evolving relationships between characters. Discuss the moral dilemmas faced by characters like Claude Frollo.

Week 4: Pages 361-480 (Chapters 31-40)

During the fourth week, focus on the climax and resolution of the plot. Explore the tragic elements, the impact of choices made by characters, and the overarching themes of the novel. Consider the fates of Quasimodo and Esmeralda.

Week 5: Pages 481-510 (Chapters 41-End)

In the final week, conclude your journey through the last chapters of the novel. Reflect on the overall themes, character arcs, and the lasting impressions left by Victor Hugo's storytelling.

Reading Tips:

Take Notes:  Jot down key characters, events, and themes as you read to aid your understanding and facilitate discussions.

Discussion Points:  Break the reading into sections and discuss them with fellow readers or a book club. Consider the questions provided earlier for more in-depth discussions.

Historical Context:  Take breaks to research the historical and cultural context of post-revolutionary France, enhancing your appreciation of the novel's setting.

Reflection:  Set aside time for personal reflections on the characters' motivations, societal critiques, and the novel's impact on you.

This reading plan allows for a steady pace, enabling you to absorb the nuances of the narrative and engage in thoughtful discussions. Feel free to adjust the plan based on your reading speed and schedule. Happy reading!

"The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" by Victor Hugo is a literary classic with a rich history and many interesting facts and curiosities. Here are some notable details about the novel:

Original Title:  The novel's original title in French is "Notre-Dame de Paris," translating to "Our Lady of Paris," referring to the Notre-Dame Cathedral.

Inspiration from Architecture:  Victor Hugo's inspiration for writing the novel came from his love for Gothic architecture. He was a passionate advocate for the preservation of historical landmarks, and the deteriorating state of Notre-Dame Cathedral became a focal point of his concerns.

Publication Year:  "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" was published in 1831, during a period of significant social and political change in France, following the July Revolution of 1830.

Impact on Preservation:  The novel played a crucial role in raising awareness about the need for the preservation of historical monuments. The public outcry after reading about the neglected state of Notre-Dame Cathedral contributed to efforts to restore and maintain the landmark.

Controversial Reception:  The novel initially faced mixed reviews due to its unconventional narrative structure and depiction of darker themes. Some critics were uncomfortable with the portrayal of societal issues and moral complexities.

Gothic Elements:  "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" is often considered a quintessential example of Gothic literature. The novel incorporates Gothic elements such as a gloomy and atmospheric setting, mysterious characters, and a sense of impending doom.

Character Name Origins:  The name "Quasimodo" is derived from the Latin phrase "Quasi modo geniti infantes," meaning "As if newborn babes." This phrase is also the beginning of a Gregorian chant sung on the Sunday after Easter, emphasizing the idea of rebirth and new beginnings.

Adaptations:  The novel has been adapted into numerous films, plays, and musicals. One of the most famous adaptations is Disney's animated film "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" (1996), which, while aimed at a younger audience, maintains some of the darker themes from the original novel.

Statue of Victor Hugo:  A statue of Victor Hugo stands on the Place Notre-Dame in Paris, facing the cathedral. It serves as a tribute to the author and his contribution to the preservation of Notre-Dame.

Musical Influence:  The novel has inspired several musical compositions. Notably, Franz Liszt composed a symphony titled "Le triomphe funèbre du Tasse" (The Funeral Triumph of Tasso) inspired by Hugo's work.

Quasimodo's Bell:  Quasimodo's bell in the novel is named "La Esmeralda," paying tribute to the character he deeply cares for. The name adds a layer of symbolism, connecting the bell-ringer with the object of his affection.

Esmeralda's Pet Goat:  In the novel, Esmeralda has a pet goat named Djali. The goat becomes a symbol of innocence and a companion to Esmeralda.

"Love is like a tree: it grows by itself, roots itself deeply in our being and continues to flourish over a heart in ruin. The inexplicable fact is that the blinder it is, the more tenacious it is. It is never stronger than when it is completely unreasonable."

"Great edifices, like great mountains, are the work of centuries."

"The greatest products of architecture are less the works of individuals than of society; rather the offspring of a nation's effort, than the inspired flash of a man of genius..."

"He was only a poor bellringer of Notre-Dame, a sort of poor artisan, one of the rag, the canaille, the underclass – one of those whom that great gentleman, monsieur the archdeacon, calls the dregs of the people!"

"To love another person is to see the face of God."

"The air is blue, the air is tender, the wind is soft and warm, the sky is like a plate of polished metal, the rivers, the houses, and the trees, the ships and the churches are reflected in it, it seems as if the same air is being breathed by all the beings living in this place."

"I am a soul. My body is a tenement. I am eternal, and I shall endure."

"Even the darkest night will end and the sun will rise."

"It is nothing to die; it is frightful not to live."

"Time, which sees all things, has found you out."

"When a man understands the art of seeing, he can trace the spirit of an age and the features of a king even in the knocker on a door."

"Great men are like eagles, and build their nest on some lofty solitude."

1. What is the original title of the novel?

The original title of the novel is "Notre-Dame de Paris," which translates to "Our Lady of Paris" in English.

2. When was "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" published?

The novel was published in 1831, during a period of significant social and political change in France following the July Revolution of 1830.

3. What inspired Victor Hugo to write the book?

Victor Hugo was inspired to write the novel by his love for Gothic architecture, particularly the deteriorating state of Notre-Dame Cathedral. His advocacy for the preservation of historical landmarks played a significant role in shaping the narrative.

4. How did the novel impact the preservation of Notre-Dame Cathedral?

"The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" contributed to raising awareness about the neglect of Notre-Dame Cathedral. The public outcry influenced efforts to restore and maintain the landmark, emphasizing the novel's impact beyond literature.

5. Is the novel primarily a love story or does it address broader societal issues?

While the novel contains elements of a tragic love story between characters like Quasimodo and Esmeralda, it also serves as a profound exploration of societal prejudices, moral complexities, and the consequences of unchecked desires.

6. Are there any film adaptations of the novel?

Yes, there have been numerous film adaptations of "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame." One notable adaptation is Disney's animated film "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" (1996), which brings a family-friendly interpretation to the story.

7. What are some key Gothic elements present in the novel?

The novel is often considered a quintessential example of Gothic literature, featuring elements such as a gloomy and atmospheric setting, mysterious characters, and a sense of impending doom. The Notre-Dame Cathedral itself serves as a Gothic backdrop.

8. Who are the main characters in the novel?

The main characters include Quasimodo, the deformed bell-ringer; Esmeralda, a Romani woman; Claude Frollo, the Archdeacon of Notre-Dame; Captain Phoebus de Châteaupers, a soldier; Jehan Frollo, Claude's dissolute brother; and Pierre Gringoire, a poet and philosopher.

9. How does the novel address themes of beauty and ugliness?

The novel explores societal perceptions of beauty and ugliness through characters like Quasimodo. Despite his physical deformities, Quasimodo possesses a kind and gentle soul, challenging conventional notions of attractiveness.

10. What is the significance of the Feast of Fools in the novel?

The Feast of Fools serves as a pivotal event in the story, marking a climactic moment where characters' fates are sealed. It highlights the chaotic and revelrous nature of medieval Paris and sets the stage for the novel's tragic resolution.

11. Is Victor Hugo's writing style heavily descriptive?

Yes, Victor Hugo's writing style is characterized by detailed descriptions, intricate characterizations, and a profound exploration of societal issues. His vivid depiction of medieval Paris and the Notre-Dame Cathedral immerses readers in the atmospheric setting of the novel.

12. Are there any famous quotes from "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame"?

Yes, the novel is known for its eloquent prose. One famous quote is: "Love is like a tree: it grows by itself, roots itself deeply in our being and continues to flourish over a heart in ruin. The inexplicable fact is that the blinder it is, the more tenacious it is. It is never stronger than when it is completely unreasonable."

If you enjoyed "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" by Victor Hugo and are looking for books with similar themes, settings, or literary styles, here are some recommendations:

"Les Misérables" by Victor Hugo:

Explore another masterpiece by Victor Hugo, "Les Misérables." This epic novel delves into themes of justice, redemption, and the human condition against the backdrop of post-revolutionary France.

"The Count of Monte Cristo" by Alexandre Dumas:

Embark on a tale of revenge, justice, and betrayal in Alexandre Dumas' classic novel. Like "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame," this work explores complex characters and societal issues.

"The Picture of Dorian Gray" by Oscar Wilde:

Oscar Wilde's exploration of beauty, morality, and the consequences of decadence make this classic novel a thought-provoking read, resonating with some of the themes found in Hugo's work.

"The Quasimodo Code" by Kevin Wilson:

This modern-day thriller by Kevin Wilson draws inspiration from Hugo's novel. It combines elements of mystery and historical fiction, providing a fresh perspective on the character Quasimodo.

"The Pillars of the Earth" by Ken Follett:

Set in medieval England, this historical novel by Ken Follett revolves around the construction of a cathedral. It shares thematic elements with "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" and explores the impact of architecture on society.

"The Gargoyle" by Andrew Davidson:

This contemporary novel incorporates elements of Gothic fiction and features a burned and disfigured protagonist. Themes of love, redemption, and transformation echo some of the themes found in Hugo's work.

"The Betrothed" by Alessandro Manzoni:

An Italian historical novel, "The Betrothed" explores themes of love, power, and social injustice in 17th-century Lombardy. It shares similarities with Hugo's work in its exploration of societal issues.

"The Shadow of the Wind" by Carlos Ruiz Zafón:

Set in post-World War II Barcelona, this novel combines mystery and historical fiction. The narrative is centered around a mysterious book and explores the impact of literature on individuals and society.

"The Cathedral of the Sea" by Ildefonso Falcones:

This historical novel is set in 14th-century Barcelona and follows the construction of the Santa Maria del Mar cathedral. It weaves together themes of love, betrayal, and the struggles of the common people.

"The Name of the Rose" by Umberto Eco:

Dive into a historical mystery set in a Benedictine monastery in Italy. Umberto Eco's novel combines elements of theology, philosophy, and detective fiction in a richly layered narrative.

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“The Hunchback of Notre-Dame”, analysis of the novel by Victor Hugo

The idea of the novel “The Hunchback of Notre-Dame” arose from Hugo in the early 20th century  and finally took shape by the middle of 1828. The prerequisites for creating an epochal work were natural cultural processes that took place in France in the first third of the 19th century: historical literature was popular in literature, writers turned to the romantic atmosphere of the Middle Ages, and the public struggle for the protection of ancient architectural monuments in which Hugo took direct part. That is why we can say that one of the main characters of the novel, on a par with Esmaralda’s gypsy woman, Quasimodo ringer, archdeacon Claude Frollo, captain of the royal shooters Phoebus de Chateaupers and poet Pierre Gringoire  himself is Notre Dame de Paris key events of the work.

In the work on the book, Victor Hugo was repelled by the literary experience of Walter Scott, a recognized master of historical novels. At the same time, the French classic already understood that society needs something more lively than its English colleague could offer, operating with typical characters and historical events. According to Victor Hugo, it should have been “… at the same time a novel, drama and epic, of course, picturesque, but at the same time poetic, real, but at the same time perfect, truthful, but at the same time the same time majestic ”(magazine French Muse, 1823).

“The Hunchback of Notre-Dame” became exactly the novel the French writer dreamed of. He combined the features of the historical epic, romantic drama and psychological novel, telling the reader the incredible private life of different people, taking place against the background of specific historical events of the XV century.

The chronotope of the novel, organized around Notre Dame de Paris – a unique architectural monument that combines the features of Romanesque and Gothic architecture – includes Paris streets, squares and districts running from it in all directions (Cathedral and Grevskaya Square, University, “Courtyard of Miracles”, etc.). Paris in the novel becomes a natural continuation of the Cathedral, towering over the city and protecting its spiritual and social life.

Notre Dame de Paris, like most ancient architectural monuments, according to Hugo, is embodied in stone by the Word – the only restraining force for rude, uneducated people in Paris. The spiritual authority of the Catholic Church is so great that it easily turns into a refuge for Esmeralda, who is accused of witchcraft. The inviolability of the temple of the Mother of God is violated by royal arrows only on the orders of Louis XI, who prayed for permission from his heavenly patroness and promised to donate a beautiful silver statue to her for this act. The French king has nothing to do with Esmeralda: he is only interested in the revolt of the Parisian rabble, who, in the opinion of Louis XI, decided to kidnap a sorceress from the Cathedral in order to bring her to death. The fact that people seek to free their sister and get hold of at the expense of church wealth does not occur to either the king or his confidants, which is an excellent illustration of the political isolation of power from the people and a lack of understanding of its needs.

The main characters of the novel are closely related to each other not only the central love theme, but also their affiliation to Notre Dame de Paris: Claude Frollo is the archdeacon of the temple, Quasimodo is a bell ringer, Pierre Gringoire  is a disciple of Claude Frollo, Esmeralda is a dancer performing on Cathedral Square, Phoebus de Chateaupers – the bridegroom of Fleur-de-Lys de Gondelorie, who lives in the house, whose windows overlook the Cathedral.

At the level of human relationships, the characters intersect with each other through Esmeralda, whose artistic character is plot-forming for the whole novel. Everyone’s attention is riveted on the beautiful Gypsy in “Notre Dame de Paris”: Parisian citizens enjoy admiring her dances and tricks with the snow-white goat Jali, local mob (thieves, prostitutes, imaginary beggars and cripples) revere her no less than the Virgin, the poet Pierre Gringoire and the captain of the royal shooters Phoebus are physically attracted to her, the priest Claude Frollo has a strong desire, Quasimodo has love. Esmeralda herself – a pure, naive, virgin child – gives her heart to an outwardly beautiful, but internally ugly Phoebe. The love of a girl in a novel is born out of gratitude for salvation and freezes in a state of blind faith in her lover. Esmeralda is blinded by love so much that she is ready to blame Phoebus for being cold, who confessed under torture of killing the captain under torture.

The young handsome Phoebe de Chateaupers is a noble person only in the company of women. Alone with Esmeralda – he is a lying seducer, in the company of Jean Miller (Claude Frollo’s younger brother) – a fair amount of foul language and a drinker. Phoebus by itself is the usual Don Juan, brave in battle, but cowardly when it comes to his good name. The exact opposite of Phoebus in the novel is Pierre Gringoire. Despite the fact that his feelings for Esmeralda are devoid of particular elevation, he finds the strength to recognize the girl as a sister rather than as a wife, and with time to love in her not so much a woman as a man.

The personality in Esmeralda is also seen by an unusually scary bell ringer of Notre Dame de Paris. Unlike other heroes, he draws attention to the girl no sooner than she takes care of him, by giving Quasimodo water standing at the infamous pillar. Only having known the good soul of the gypsy, the hunched ugly begins to notice her physical beauty. The external discrepancy between himself and Esmeralda Quasimodo is going through quite courageously: he loves the girl so much that he is ready to do everything for her – not to show his eyes, bring another man, protect him from the angry crowd.

Archdeacon Claude Frollo is the most tragic character of the novel. Associated with it is the psychological component of “Notre Dame de Paris”. A well-educated, just, God-loving priest, having fallen in love, turns into a real Devil. He wants to make Esmeralda’s love at all costs. Inside it, there is always a struggle between good and evil. The archdeacon then begs the gypsy for love, then tries to take her by force, then saves her from death, then he himself hands her to the executioner. A passion that does not find a way out ultimately kills Claude himself.

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Book Review: “The Hunchback of Notre Dame” by Victor Hugo

Published in 1831 in French under the title Notre-Dame de Paris , this book has been made into an opera, a ballet, several stage plays, two musicals, and at least 15 films, including TV and animated versions. One conclusion I could draw from this is that it’s a very popular tale, and so there is a good chance that you already have some idea of what it’s about. Another conclusion that I came to while listening to David Case’s expert audiobook narration, is that it was written in a way that lends itself to dramatic interpretation. It’s not hard to see why so many theater and film producers have found it hard to resist the urge to adapt this book to their medium. It comes ready-made with dramatic set pieces, entertaining dialogue, moving soliloquies, skillfully blocked stage business, characters making dramatic entrances and exits, vividly described scenery, and impressive spectacles that leave one thinking, “I wonder how this could be engineered for the stage.” Sometimes its melodrama is downright operatic: “With a few cuts,” one thinks, “this could easily be made into a libretto.” As the villain struggles to hang on while dangling 200 feet above certain death, one thinks, “I know just how I would edit this scene, intercut with shots of the gargoyles and sculptures on the church’s facade.” You see where the idea comes from.

Perhaps, now that this has been done so many times, the time has come for film and theater people to give it a rest. It’s not only that they’ve already outdone each other every which way (though they have never outdone the novel). It’s that they have, some way or other, changed the story out of all semblance to its original shape and purpose. Try this experiment: Read this book yourself, and then check whether its ending resembles that of any of the competing film versions, all of which differ from each other. Who lives? Who dies? Is it happy or tragic? Which characters are left in, or combined with other characters to simplify the plot? What is it really about?

The first thing that may surprise you is that it isn’t narrowly focused on the hunchback, Quasimodo, who rings the bells at the church of Notre-Dame in Paris in the year of our Lord 1482. He is only one of several characters who treads the stage in this drama; though, because his particular tragedy is the master-stroke that powers the book to its terrible conclusion, he deserves to be the character singled out in the title of the English translation. Not all adaptations of this book single out Quasimodo, though; some of the films, for example, are named after (La) Esmeralda, the gypsy girl whose fate is intertwined with his. It is worth remembering, though, that Hugo’s original title suggests that the church of Notre-Dame and the city of Paris are really the main characters in this novel. I give fair warning to those who come to this book in search of cheap thrills and easy gratification: the story takes a while to pick up speed. In the meantime, Hugo spends several early chapters developing a high-resolution picture of what he believed Paris to be like in 1482: a place whose architectural marvels had all but disappeared, or been disfigured by later stylings, by the time of his writing; a place that can hardly be seen at all now, except in the images his words paint on the mind’s canvas.

Though it takes them almost the whole length of the book to figure it out—and I don’t think they ever work out all the details—Quasimodo and La Esmeralda were swapped in their infancy. The pretty girl was taken from her unmarried mother, a floozy whose career was fading with her looks when she poured all of her love into the child. The mother all but lost her mind when her dear baby Agnes was stolen by gypsies and replaced with a deformed child of their own. She rejected the little monster, and so he was brought up as a foundling by a priest at Notre-Dame: a grim, scholarly fellow named Claude Frollo. Claude has a tender side towards not only the hunchback but also a much younger brother of his own, who grows up to be a wastrel named Jehan. But it is, alas for both of them, not Jehan but Quasimodo who responds to the priest’s kindness with respect and devotion.

All this is prologue to the events of the story, in which a motherless gypsy girl named La Esmeralda is loved by three men but, tragically, she only loves a fourth who does not love her. Claude Frollo’s obsession with La Esmeralda is a psycho-study in diseased sexuality, religious torment, extortion, abuse of power, and life-destroying evil that in today’s world would spell “rapist.” Pierre Gringoire, who technically happens to be La Esmeralda’s husband (though she has never let him touch her), finds her attractive enough, but really thinks more of his own interests and of the trained goat that follows the girl around. Phoebus, the Captain of the King’s Archers whom La Esmeralda loves with single-minded devotion, has no interest in her except as a casual dalliance, while he remains betrothed to another young lady. Finally, it is Quasimodo, whose ugliness repels and frightens La Esmeralda, who loves her with a purity and tenderness that is never reciprocated. Get the thought out of your head that this is going to end happily. As light and flippant as Hugo’s writerly tone may be, THIS IS A TRAGEDY.

Only a few other pieces need to be put in place. One is a hermit woman whose cell overlooks the gibbet where Esmeralda is sentenced to hang. The hermit is the mother of poor baby Agnes, who has spent the past fifteen years mourning the child she believes to have been eaten by gypsies. She jeers with bitter glee at the news that the pretty dancing gypsy girl, about the same age as Agnes (for reasons I’m sure you can guess) will be led to the gallows. But before Esmeralda gets there, the hunchback snatches her from the hands of her captors and claims refuge for her in the church of Notre-Dame. Why, you ask, has Esmeralda been condemned to death? Partly for witchcraft—because superstitious folk are alarmed by the tricks she has trained her pet goat to perform, and because a boy stole a coin from a silly woman and left a leaf in its place, which was put down to witchcraft—and partly for murdering Phoebus, although in the first place it was Frollo who stabs him, and in the second place, Phoebus survives the attack. Expect to feel torn by helplessness and pity as the girl’s doom draws nearer, indifferent to the fact that her supposed victim is not only alive, but actually taking part in the hunt for her.

Though it is painfully obvious that Phoebus does not love her, La Esmeralda’s misplaced love for him finally seals her doom. Well—that and the spiteful malice of Claude Frollo, who hates and loves her with equal intensity. Between a disorderly mob attempting to rescue her from the King’s justice, and a devoted hunchback (who, unfortunately, is as deaf as he is deformed) mistaking them for a disorderly mob trying to lynch her, the square in front of the cathedral becomes a bloodbath of gruesome violence and death—and this hastens, rather than prevents, the girl’s death. And while most of the principal characters die in the climactic pages of the book, or shortly thereafter, the few who survive leave a bitter flavor in the reader’s mouth. Only the final twist, in the chapter titled “The Hunchback’s Marriage,” shades the aftertaste of sadness back towards the sweet end of bittersweetness. But in case I haven’t emphasized it enough, let me remind you once more that THIS IS A TRAGEDY. Accept no Disney substitutes, which leave room for a cheerful song-and-dance number and a straight-to-video sequel. If you haven’t felt yourself sighing at the memory of this story and its ending, even days after finishing it, you haven’t really experienced The Hunchback of Notre Dame . Read the book; or, if that’s to slow for you, listen to the audio-book.

Notre-Dame de Paris was the fourth of Victor Hugo’s eight novels. The only other one that is now widely read in the English-speaking world was his next novel, Les Misérables (1862), written over thirty years later. Though his criticism of royalty and corrupt leadership is indeed much milder in this earlier novel, that is another element you can expect in this book, which (besides a wicked priest) also features a merciless king, a deaf judge, a torture-happy inquisitor, and a doctor who extorts money out of his patients. Hugo’s social conscience will hardly be a surprise to anyone familiar with his other great novel. Hugo (1802-85) is also admired for his poetry, for plays such as Ruy Blas , and for several novels inspired by his off-and-on exile to the Isle of Guernsey. Now that I have tasted the pleasures of Hugo’s storytelling style, I hope and expect to report more of my discoveries among his works.

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Hunchback of Notre Dame Summary and Analysis

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Hunchback of Notre Dame

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Estimated Read Time : 62 minutes

Total Pages: 19

Important Content:

• Summary (3 min)
• Summary and Analysis (49 min)
• Characters (2 min)
• Context (2 min)
• Review Quiz (1 min)
• Study Questions (3 min)

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Book Review: The Hunchback of Notre-Dame by Victor Hugo

March 6, 2012 By Jessica Filed Under: Book Review 2 Comments

The Hunchback of Notre-Dame

In the vaulted Gothic towers of Notre-Dame lives Quasimodo, the hunchbacked bellringer. Mocked and shunned for his appearance, he is pitied only by Esmerelda, a beautiful gypsy dancer to whom he becomes completely devoted. Esmerelda, however, has also attracted the attention of the sinister archdeacon Claude Frollo, and when she rejects his lecherous approaches, Frollo hatches a plot to destroy her that only Quasimodo can prevent. Victor Hugo's sensational, evocative novel brings life to the medieval Paris he loved, and mourns its passing in one of the greatest historical romances of the nineteenth century.

Everything in The Hunchback of Notre-Dame is a fascinating juxtaposition of the grotesque and the sublime – the speech, the characters, the setting. I felt like the whole point of the story was to show that architecture was the only good thing that came from the Middle Ages so for heaven’s sake, don’t tear those buildings down! We could never build something like that again! This book saved the Notre Dame Cathedral by giving people a reason to care about it and showing how Gothic architecture was beautiful even though it was different (which is a theme in the novel that applies to the characters as well). Victor Hugo likes lists that are very, very long full of even longer names and I found myself falling asleep a lot in the first half of the book. Then suddenly I get hit over the head by this steamy, passionate, action-packed, gruesomely violent second half of the novel complete with forbidden love. Didn’t see that coming. I found it surprisingly modern in that there are a lot elements in this story that are popular in novels, especially young adult ones, today.  Though I can’t help but think that the girl would have been turned on by the whole forbidden/creepy love thing if it had been written today instead of her being horrified by it. And can I just say how shocked I was when he used the word “vampire” AND talked about Nicolas Flamel?  There was some great sarcastic humor in here that had me smiling. This was Hugo’s first novel after writing plays and it reads like one. There are lots of action scenes and he writes an excellent mob. He almost makes me want to grab a pitchfork. I walked away from this book thinking about what beauty and love really are.

Content Rating : Medium , for sensuality and violence.

About Victor Hugo

Victor Marie Hugo (26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist of the Romantic movement. He is considered one of the greatest and best known French writers. In France, Hugo's literary fame comes first from his poetry but also rests upon his novels and his dramatic achievements. Among many volumes of poetry, Les Contemplations and La Légende des siècles stand particularly high in critical esteem. Outside France, his best-known works are the novels Les Misérables, 1862, and Notre-Dame de Paris, 1831 (known in English as The Hunchback of Notre-Dame). Though a committed royalist when he was young, Hugo's views changed as the decades passed; he became a passionate supporter of republicanism, and his work touches upon most of the political and social issues and artistic trends of his time. He was buried in the Panthéon.

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The Hunchback of Notre Dame

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Book.io Con ’24 Exclusive Victor Hugo’s “The Hunchback of Notre Dame,” first published in French in 1831 as Notre-Dame de Paris, captivating readers with its vivid portrayal of medieval Paris and its unforgettable cast of characters. At the heart of the narrative is Quasimodo, the hunchbacked bell-ringer of Notre Dame Cathedral, whose life becomes intertwined with that of the beautiful and enigmatic Esmeralda, a gypsy girl.

Description

Set against the backdrop of societal injustice and religious fervor, the novel explores themes of love, betrayal, and the struggle for acceptance in a society marked by prejudice and intolerance.

As the story progresses, readers journey through the bustling streets and towering spires of 15th-century Paris, where Quasimodo’s unrequited love for Esmeralda and the schemes of the villainous Archdeacon Claude Frollo propel the narrative. Through Hugo’s masterful prose and intricate characterizations, the novel delves into the complexities of human nature, shining a light on the inherent contradictions and moral dilemmas faced by its protagonists.

“The Hunchback of Notre Dame” is an epic tale that immerses readers in a world of passion, intrigue, and tragedy. Hugo’s richly detailed descriptions and powerful storytelling evoke the sights, sounds, and smells of medieval Paris, bringing to life a bygone era filled with beauty and brutality. As one of the most enduring works of French literature, “The Hunchback of Notre Dame” continues to captivate audiences with its timeless themes and timeless relevance.

Cardano Rarity

Numbered eBooks: 200

Number of Unique Covers: 30

Number of 1:1 Covers: 10

The Dichotomy of Notre Dame

8 Unique Designs x 13 Numbered eBooks = 104 NFT eBooks eBook Numbers 96 - 199 (52.00% of Supply)

The Angry Mob

7 Unique Designs x 8 Numbered eBooks = 56 NFT eBooks eBook Numbers 40 - 95 (28.00% of Supply)

5 Unique Designs x 6 Numbered eBooks = 30 NFT eBooks eBook Numbers 10 - 39 (15.00% of Supply)

The Guardian Gargoyles

4 Unique Designs x 1 Numbered eBooks = 4 NFT eBooks eBook Numbers 6 - 9 (2.00% of Supply)

Esmeralda’s Execution

3 Unique Designs x 1 Numbered eBooks = 3 NFT eBooks eBook Numbers 3 - 5 (1.50% of Supply)

The Tiny Dancer

2 Unique Designs x 1 Numbered eBooks = 2 NFT eBooks eBook Numbers 1 - 2 (1.00% of Supply)

1 Unique Designs x 1 Numbered eBooks = 1 NFT eBooks eBook Numbers 0 - 0 (0.50% of Supply)

Publisher : Book.io

Series : IRL

First Publication Date : 1831

Author : Victor Hugo

Genres: Classics , Fiction , Gothic Fiction , Historical Fiction , Historical Romance , Literature , Novel

Language : English

Word Count : 183,000

Format : DEA (Decentralized Encrypted Asset)

Read On : Book.io eReader dApp

Cover Art : Includes 4K hi-resolution book cover

Cardano Policy ID : 7ffd549a929ce890e1cf1fcfd95ec2170d53dafdaa27147a38ff5e4d

Author Info

Victor Hugo

Victor Hugo (1802-1885), a prolific French writer and poet, stands as one of the most influential figures in 19th-century literature. Renowned for his vivid imagination and stirring prose, Hugo's literary legacy spans across various genres, from novels to plays and poetry. His work, "The Hunchback of Notre Dame," remains a timeless classic, captivating readers with its richly detailed narrative and profound exploration of human nature. Beyond his literary achievements, Hugo was also a prominent… Read More

by Victor Hugo

“Les Misérables” by Victor Hugo is a monumental work of literature that delves into the intricacies of human suffering, redemption, and the pursuit of justice in 19th-century France. The novel intricately weaves together the lives of its diverse cast of characters, from the noble-hearted Jean Valjean to the relentless Inspector Javert, the tragic Fantine, and the idealistic revolutionary Marius Pontmercy. Through their intersecting narratives, Hugo paints a vivid portrait of a socie… Read More

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“The Three Musketeers” is a historical adventure novel written by Alexandre Dumas and first published in 1844. The novel takes place in seventeenth-century France during the reign of King Louis XIII and follows the adventures of the young Gascon nobleman D’Artagnan, who travels to Paris to join the King’s musketeers. Upon his arrival in the city, D’Artagnan becomes involved in a series of battles, duels, and political intrigues, with the help of the three musketeers, Athos, Porthos, an… Read More

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Book/Printed Material The Hunchback of Notre Dame

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About this Item

• The Hunchback of Notre Dame
• Hugo, Victor, 1802-1885.
• Seaside Library Collection (Library of Congress)

Created / Published

• New York : G. Munro, 1879.
• -  Paris (France)--Fiction
• -  Caption title.
• -  Translation of Notre Dame de Paris.
• -  Also available in digital form on the Library of Congress Web site.
• -  LAC knj 2020-09-16 update (1 card)
• 71 p. : ill. ; 33 cm.

Call Number/Physical Location

• PZ3.H875 Hu7
• PZ1 .S44 v. 29, no. 597
• PZ1 .S44 Copy 2 Collected set.
• http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/rbfr.2019

Library of Congress Control Number

Oclc number, online format, lccn permalink.

• https://lccn.loc.gov/ca07005178

Additional Metadata Formats

• MARCXML Record
• MODS Record
• Dublin Core Record

IIIF Presentation Manifest

• Manifest (JSON/LD)
• France in America (650)
• Rare Book Selections (5,060)
• Rare Book and Special Collections Division (28,533)
• Library of Congress Online Catalog (1,611,576)
• Book/Printed Material

Contributor

• Hugo, Victor
• Paris (France)

Rights & Access

The Library of Congress is not aware of any U.S. copyright or any other restrictions in the documents in this collection. However, some of the content may be protected by the U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) and/or by the copyright or neighboring-rights laws of other nations. Additionally, the reproduction of some materials may be restricted by privacy and/or publicity rights. The determination of the status of an item ultimately rests with the person desiring to reproduce or use the item.

Transmission or reproduction of protected items beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners.

Credit Line: Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division

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Cite This Item

Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate.

Chicago citation style:

Hugo, Victor, and Seaside Library Collection. The Hunchback of Notre Dame . New York: G. Munro, 1879. Pdf. https://www.loc.gov/item/ca07005178/.

APA citation style:

Hugo, V. & Seaside Library Collection. (1879) The Hunchback of Notre Dame . New York: G. Munro. [Pdf] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/ca07005178/.

MLA citation style:

Hugo, Victor, and Seaside Library Collection. The Hunchback of Notre Dame . New York: G. Munro, 1879. Pdf. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/ca07005178/>.

The Hunchback of Notre Dame: Book Report

Ii. characters.

Archdeacon Claude Frollo  ‑ priest at Notre Dame who adopted Quasimodo. Intelligent, compassionate and always destined for the church. He loves his brother Jehan and tries to take care of him as their parents are dead. He attempts to mold Quasimodo into a scholar. He also has an obsessive lust for La Esmerelda.

IV. Conflict

Vi. point of view, vii. reaction, related posts:, leave a comment cancel reply.

Photos: First Look at THE HUNCHBACK OF NOTRE DAME at Family Music Theatre

The production runs through June 29.

Family Music Theatre, a community theatre proudly residing in South Dallas is presenting THE HUNCHBACK OF NOTRE DAME, the Disney classic musical based on the Victor Hugo novel. This is the second production of Family Music Theatre’s 30th Anniversary Season.

Check out production photos below!

Let the massive 50-person cast and live orchestra ensemble sweep you away with the captivating melodies of the timeless tale. From the Academy Award-winning team of Menken and Schwartz, this lushly scored production brings Victor Hugo’s epic novel to life in a spectacular theatrical story-telling experience. Featuring beloved songs from the Disney animated feature, "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" intertwines the beauty of the Academy Award-nominated score with a new book by Peter Parnell that embraces the essence of story theatre. Combining narration, live action, and choral commentary, the musical transports audiences to fifteenth-century Paris, where the bells of Notre Dame toll and Quasimodo, the deformed bell-ringer played by Deshawn Thomas, yearns to venture "Out There."  

Under the co-direction of Dr. Sam Germany and Andrew Isenberg, alongside co-music directors Dr. Sam Germany and Rebekah Wesler, and choreographer Dauri Poole, this production promises to captivate audiences with its spellbinding performances, “topsy turvy” choreography, and what should prove to be the overall star of the show, the outstanding choral ensemble.  Audiences will be transported to the heart of medieval Paris as they witness Quasimodo's journey unfold on stage, accompanied by an exquisite costume design by Krista Golightly that brings the vibrant characters to life.   

The talented cast features: Kristia Golightly as Esmeralda, Deshawn Thomas as Quasimodo, Samuel Germany as Claude Frollo, Alex Bigus as Captain Phoebus De Martin, Quinlyn Hunt as Clopin Trouillefou, Ethan Gebauer as Lt. Frederic Charius, Sarah Choate as Florika, Ethan Bishop as Jehan Frollo, Jeff Balthrop as Father Dupin, Jacob Zufelt as King Louis XI, Whitney Lucio as Madame, Iain Pilch as Saint Aphrodisius. The astounding chorus is completed by Nicole Adams, Emory Calhoun, Abigail Craven, Alexandra Adams, Sharon Balthrop, Sarah Choate, Brittany Elrod, Elizabeth Dawson, Amber Perkins, Ashari Harper, Robyn Gebauer, Nevaeh Richardson, Jaida Pruitt, Rebekah Hendrick, Joli Gonzalez, Johanna Thatcher, Alexis Russell, Heather Howton, Danyale Pace, Whitney Spears, Whitney Lucio, Kelsey White, Bekah Welser, Emily Taylor, Kaelyn Thompson, Rachel Verbeck, Jeff Balthrop, Michael Lyons, Larry Alexander, James Bishop, Ethan Bishop, Andre Perkins, Alex Bigus, Jacob Duffin, Jeremy Hamilton, Iain Pilch, Quinlyn Hunt, Ethan Gebauer, Dauri Poole, Cody Slusher, Preston Pruitt, Samuel Germany, Jacob Zufelt, Deshawn Thomas, and Ethan Thatcher.

Photo Credit: Paris Marie Productions + Grown Media

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