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ANALISIS REGRESI DATA PANEL PADA FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DI PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN TAHUN 2016-2019

NUSANTARA, PUTRI BELLA and Dwipurwani, Oki (2021) ANALISIS REGRESI DATA PANEL PADA FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DI PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN TAHUN 2016-2019. Undergraduate thesis, Sriwijaya University.


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South Sumatra Province has a poverty rate above the national poverty level, so poverty alleviation measures are needed, such as analyzing the factors that influence poverty. This study aims, firstly, to find out the best estimation of the panel data regression model. The second objective is to find out the effect of the unemployment rate, population growth rate, Human Development Index (HDI), average length of schooling, per capita expenditure figures, life expectancy, and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) on the poverty rate in 2016-2019 in the District. / City of South Sumatra Province. The third objective is to know the general description of the problem of poverty in South Sumatra. This research uses the panel data regression method, which is a method that combines two types of data, namely individual data and time-series data. Panel data regression has three methods, namely Comment Effects model (CEM), Fixed Effects Model (FEM), and Random Effects Model (REM), these three approaches will be selected through testing namely Chow Test, Hausman Test, and Breusch-Food Test. From the results of the research that has carried out the three tests, it is found that the Random Effects Model (REM) method is the best method in explaining poverty data in South Sumatra Province. The estimation of the Random Effects Model (REM) method states that there are only 4 independent variables that affect poverty, namely the unemployment rate, HDI, population growth rate, and GRDP of these variables able to explain the poverty rate of 76.05%. The model obtained from the REM method is as follows: Y_it=-3,54×〖10〗^(-07)+0,055X_1it-0,371X_3it+0,158X_4it-0,06X_7it. Keywords: Poverty Rate, Panel Data Regression, Random Effects Model (REM).

Item Type: Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Tingkat Kemiskinan, Regresi Data Panel, Random Effects Model (REM)
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Date Deposited: 23 Sep 2021 02:41
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Analisis Regresi Data Panel untuk Pemodelan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Jawa Tengah

dc.contributor.advisorIndahwati
dc.contributor.advisorWijayanto, Hari
dc.contributor.authorRamadhan, Achmad Fajri
dc.date.accessioned2019-01-22T04:26:55Z
dc.date.available2019-01-22T04:26:55Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/96276
dc.description.abstractPembangunan manusia merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan demi terciptanya masyarakat yang makmur dan sejahtera. Pemerintah melakukan perbaikan di segala aspek pembangunan baik aspek pendidikan, kesehatan, dan kehidupan. Untuk mengukur keberhasilan pembangunan salah satu indikator yang bisa digunakan adalah Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM). Dalam perhitungan IPM telah melibatkan komponen ekonomi maupun non ekonomi. Perlu diketahui faktor yang memengaruhinya dengan mempertimbangkan lintas daerah dan lintas waktu maka dilakukan regresi data panel mencakup 35 kabupaten/kota di Jawa Tengah. Analisis regresi data panel adalah suatu alternatif metode pendugaan parameter yang bisa digunakan untuk gabungan antara data cross section dan time series. Metode regresi data panel merupakan suatu metode yang digunakan untuk melakukan analisis empirik dengan perilaku data yang dinamis. Ada 3 teknik pendekatan mendasar dalam regresi data panel. Model gabungan, model pengaruh acak, model pengaruh tetap. Model yang tepat menggambarkan penelitian ini adalah model pengaruh acak individu dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0.8775. Peubah yang berpengaruh terhadap IPM yaitu belanja modal pemda, laju pertumbuhan PDRB, dan upah minimum kabupaten/kota.id
dc.language.isoidid
dc.publisherBogor Agricultural University (IPB)id
dc.subject.ddcStatisticsid
dc.subject.ddcModelingid
dc.subject.ddc2016id
dc.subject.ddcJawa Tengahid
dc.titleAnalisis Regresi Data Panel untuk Pemodelan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Jawa Tengahid
dc.typeUndergraduate Thesisid
dc.subject.keywordpembangunan manusiaid
dc.subject.keyworddata panelid
dc.subject.keywordanalisis regresiid

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A Comprehensive Guide to Panel Data Regression in R

Prerequisites, library usage:, loading and preparing your data, running panel regression models, pooled ols model, fixed effects regression (manual), fixed effects regression model (built-in), random effect model, year fixed effect, model selection: breusch-pagan test and hausman test, breusch-pagan test, hausman test, generating a regression table.

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ANALISIS REGRESI DATA PANEL UNTUK PEMODELAN LAJU INFLASI TUJUH KOTA DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT TAHUN 2013-2020

Mulia Putri, Dewi (2022) ANALISIS REGRESI DATA PANEL UNTUK PEMODELAN LAJU INFLASI TUJUH KOTA DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT TAHUN 2013-2020. Other thesis, Universitas Andalas.


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Data panel adalah kombinasi dari data cross section dan data time series, dimana cross section yang sama diukur pada waktu yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh model laju inflasi pada tujuh kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2013 sampai 2020 dengan menggunakan metode regresi data panel. Beberapa faktor yang digunakan adalah PDRB, tingkat pengangguran terbuka, dan jumlah penduduk miskin. Untuk mengestimasi regresi data panel, digunakan tiga metode estimasi diantaranya Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), dan Random Effect Model (REM). Dalam mengestimasi masing-masing model, ada beberapa metode yang digunakan seperti Ordinary Least Square/Least Square Dummy Variable (OLS/LSDV), dan Generalized Least Squares (GLS). Dari hasil uji spesifikasi model diperoleh bahwa model yang sesuai adalah Random Effect Model (REM). Hasil uji signifikansi menunjukkan bahwa variabel PDRB dan tingkat pengangguran terbuka berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap inflasi.

Item Type: Thesis (Other)
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Depositing User: s1 matematika matematika
Date Deposited: 05 Jul 2022 07:36
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MODEL REGRESI DATA PANEL

Zulfa siti Nyimas Rezza Harrun, - (2009) MODEL REGRESI DATA PANEL. S1 thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

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Analisis regresi data panel digunakan pada saat data yang tersedia merupakan gabungan dari data time series dan cross section. Model yang diperoleh melalui analisis regresi data panel disebut model regresi data panel. Penaksiran model ini dapat dilakukan melalui dua pendekatan, yaitu pendekatan fixed effect dan pendekatan random effect. Model regresi yang dihasilkan melalui pendekatan fixed effect menyertakan variabel boneka di dalamnya, hal ini karena adanya perbedaan asumsi mengenai intersep dan koefisien slope. Model regresi ini selanjutnya disebut Fixed Effect Model (FEM), sedangkan model regresi melalui pendekatan random effect, yang selanjutnya disebut Random Effect Model (REM), menguraikan komponen error menjadi dua bagian, yaitu komponen error masing-masing unit cross section dan kombinasi komponen error time series dan cross section. Jika FEM dan REM signifikan, maka Hausman’s Specification Test dapat dilakukan sebagai metode pengujian formal untuk memilih model terbaik dan efisien.

Item Type: Thesis (S1)
Additional Information: ID SINTA pembingbing : Nar Herrhyanto : - Entit Puspita : 5986409
Uncontrolled Keywords: Data Panel, Pendekatan Fixed Effect, Pendekatan Random Effect, Hausman’s Specification Test
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Depositing User: Rena Rahmawati
Date Deposited: 13 Nov 2023 09:29
Last Modified: 13 Nov 2023 09:29
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ANALISIS PENGARUH KESETARAAN GENDER TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI SULAWESI SELATAN

Syahrul, Syahrul (2022) ANALISIS PENGARUH KESETARAAN GENDER TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI SULAWESI SELATAN. Skripsi thesis, Universitas Hasanuddin.

Abstract (Abstrak)

Syahrul Nursini Muhammad Agung Ady Mangilep

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kesetaraan gender terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi pada kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan selama periode tahun 2011-2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian jenis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dan Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. Data-data tersebut ditabulasikan ke dalam struktur data panel yaitu gabungan antara data yang berbentuk time series dan cross section dalam bentuk tahunan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data 24 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan untuk kemudian dianalisis dengan metode Teknik Analisis Regresi Data Panel dengan pendekatan Fixed Effect. Hasil empiris membuktikan bahwa seluruh variabel yang digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kesetaraan gender yaitu Indeks Pembangunan Gender, Indeks Pemberdayaan Gender dan Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja Perempuan secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Secara parsial, variabel Indeks Pembangunan Gender, Indeks Pemberdayaan Gender dan Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja Perempuan memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan tingkat pengaruh yang signifikan. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan diharapkan mampu memaksimalkan pembangunan ekonomi dengan mengutamakan kesetaraan gender, memperkuat kebijakan dan mendukung kontribusi perempuan dalam sektor formal, dan memperbaiki kualitas, kuantitas, dan potensi perempuan agar mampu bersaing dalam pasar tenaga kerja sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi.

Item Type: Thesis (Skripsi)
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Date Deposited: 27 Sep 2022 01:14
Last Modified: 27 Sep 2022 01:14
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  • Writing the Introduction
  • Ordinary Least Square
  • Regression with Dummy Variable
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Panel Regression

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When the same cross-section of individuals is observed across multiple periods of time , the resulting dataset is called a panel dataset. For example, a dataset of annual GDP of 51 U.S. states from 1947 to 2018 is a panel data on the variable gdp it where i=1,…,51 and t=1,…,72. 

The key difference in running regressions with panel data (with both cross-sectional and time-series variations) from a usual OLS regression (with only cross-sectional variation) is that one needs to control for the common effect for all individuals in a particular time point, and also the idiosyncratic individual effect that is common across all years. These are called the time fixed effects and the individual fixed effects respectively. The variation that is left after controlling for these fixed effects is the variation at the interaction between individual and time. The most common specification for a panel regression is as follows:

y it = b 0 + b 1 x it + b 2 D i + b 3 D t + e it

In the above regression, b 2 denotes the individual fixed effects, while b 3 denotes the time fixed effects. These fixed effects are nothing but the coefficients of the dummy variables D i and D t . Once again, the problem of the dummy variable trap becomes relevant, as discussed in the section on regression with dummy variables . If there are N individuals, then only N-1 individual dummies ( D i ‘s) should be included, and if there are T time-points, then only T-1 time dummies ( D t ‘s) should be included in the panel regression that contains the intercept term b 0 . The individual dummies are defined as follows:  D i takes the value 1 if the data-point corresponds to individual i , and otherwise takes the value 0. Thus, D i will be 1 for T data-points and 0 for (N-1)T data-points. Similarly for the time dummies, D t   takes the value 1 if the data-point correponds to time-point t , and otherwise takes the value 0. Thus D t will be 1 for N data-points and 0 for (T-1)N data-points.

Depending on whether the individual effects D i are allowed to be correlated with the explanatory variable x it , the regression model is either called a fixed effects (FE) model or a random effects (RE) model . While the uncorrelatedness of x it is desirable for both the FE and RE models, the RE model additionally imposes the independence of the individual effects D i with the explanatory variable x it . As a rule of thumb, it is always better to assume a fixed effects model because the estimates from an FE model is always consistent, while the RE model is consistent only if the underlying true model is RE. The only disadvantage of wrongly assuming an FE model when the true model is RE, is that the FE estimator will be inefficient (that is, the variance of the estimators will be larger). The Durbin-Wu-Hausman specification test helps the researcher to decide which model (RE or FE) to consider given a particular dataset.

Depending on the nature of the dependent variable y it , e.g., categorical type (binary or polytomous), or the endogeneity of x it , the techniques that have been discussed in different sections using cross-sectional data, are still largely valid with panel data.

STATA code without Example

In STATA , before one can run a panel regression, one needs to first declare that the dataset is a panel dataset. This is done by the following command:

xtset id time

The command xtset is used to declare the panel structure with 'id' being the cross-sectional identifying variable (e.g., the variable that identifies the 51 U.S. states as 1,2,...,51), and 'time' being the time-series identifying variable (e.g., the variable that records the year of observation 1947,1948,...,2018).

A fixed effects (FE) panel regression can be implemented in STATA using the following command:

regress y i.time i.id x

The i.time variable tells STATA to create a dummy for each time-point and estimate the corresponding time fixed effects. Similarly, i.id variable tells STATA to create a dummy for each individual and estimate the corresponding individual fixed effects. Another way to implement the FE model in STATA is to simply write the following command:

xtreg y i.time x, fe

The option fe tells STATA to include the cross-sectional effects and estimate them assuming an FE model.  It should be noted that this alternative way of estimating the fixed effects model suppresses the estimates of the individual fixed effects. Therefore, if it is important to the researcher to know the estimates of the individual fixed effects then the first method is preferrable. On the other hand, if an RE model is to be fit, then it can be done in STATA using the following command:

xtreg y i.time x, re

STATA can also run the Durbin-Wu-Hausman specification test to help choose between the FE and RE models. The null hypothesis in the Hausman test is that the true model is RE against the alternative hypothesis that the true model is FE. Thus if the calculated test-statistic is large enough, or equivalently the p-value is small enough, then the FE model is preferred.

To do this, one first needs to estimate and store the estimates from each of the FE and RE models, and then compute the Hausman test-statistic to run the test. This is done as shown below.

xtset id time xtreg y x, fe estimates store fixed xtreg y x, re estimates store random hausman fixed random

STATA code and Interpretation of output with Example

Suppose, we are interested in understanding the effect of financial development on GDP volatility. One might think that financial development might help households and firms to better manage unexpected events which will reduce the volatility in GDP. To perform such an analysis, we will need panel data on countries across time since countries differ in their levels of financial development and the rate of financial development (The data can be found here . Denzier et. al. (2002) is the seminal paper in this literature.).

The dataset also includes other macroeconomic variables such as degree of trade openness and GDP per capita. One might need to control for GDP since low income countries are expected to display higher volatility in output. Also, countries which are more open to trade might be more or less susceptible to foreign or domestic shocks. Obviously, this is not an exhaustive set of controls and more relevant controls can be added.

First we will declare the dataset is panel.

xtset  ID time

thesis regresi data panel

  • Stata displays that the panel variable (ID) is strongly balanced  implying that most countries are available with equal number of time periods otherwise it will show unbalanced . The analysis can be performed with unbalanced panel as well but having a balanced panel allows to better estimate the fixed effects.
  • The time variable ranges from values 0 to 8. Depending on your dataset and application, you might require formating the time variable. ( How to format time variable in Stata ? )
  • Delta shows the difference in the time units is 1.

Second, we will run the fixed effects model to investigate the relationship between financial development, given by ratio of total deposits in bank to GDP ( deposits_gdp) and fluctuations in output given by standard deviation of filtered output ( sd_gdp ). There are controls for trade openness ( tradeopenness ) and log of per capita income ( log_gdp_pc ). The command to do this in Stata is the following:

xtreg sd_gdp deposits_gdp tradeopenness log_gdp_pc, fe estimates store fixed

thesis regresi data panel

  • The coefficient of deposits_gdp  is -0.009 and it implies that a unit increase in finance reduces the standard deviation of GDP by 0.009. The coefficient is significantly different from zero.
  • The important thing to keep in mind here, is that the coefficient reflects the effect from the time-variation. The fixed effects model controls for the individual effects so, only changes in the independent variable across time are captured and not differences in the independent variable between countries.
  • The R 2 within is the ordinary R 2 (R 2 in the cross-section OLS ) in this case.
  • sigma_u  is the standard deviation of residuals within groups
  • sigma_e  is the standard deviation of the residuals of the idiosyncratic error term
  • rho  is the ratio of (sigma_u) 2 / ( (sigma_u) 2 + (sigma_e) 2 ). It represents the intraclass correlation of the error. Thus, it explains the within country relative contribution.
  • estimates  will store the coefficients from the xtreg  regression. We store it as fixed .

Third, we will now estimate this link using a random effects model. The command to do this in Stata is the following:

xtreg sd_gdp deposits_gdp tradeopenness log_gdp_pc, re estimates store random

thesis regresi data panel

  • The coefficient of deposits_gdp  is -0.107 and it implies that a unit increase in finance reduces the standard deviation of GDP by 0.107. The coefficient is significantly different from zero.
  • But the interpretation of the coefficient is different since it now measures the average effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable where the independent variables changes across time and countries by one unit.
  • Since the random effects model is a weighted average of the between and within estimators, none of the three reported R 2 are meaningful.
  • The interpretation of sigma_u , sigma_e and rho is same as before.
  • We store the coefficients as random .

To decide between fixed or random effects we can run a Hausman test where the null hypothesis is that the preferred model is random effects vs. the alternative that the preferred model is fixed effects.

hausman fixed random

thesis regresi data panel

  • The important thing to look at is the p-value of the test statistic and it is 2%. Thus, the Random effects model can be rejected.

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Buku ini terdiri dari enam bab. Sesuai dengan judulnya, penulis membahas tentang analisis regresi data panel menggunakan Eviews yang berfungsi untuk menyelesaikan berbagai permasalahan seputar data dengan berbagai bentuk. Di dalam buku ini disajikan pembahasannya dengan menarik. Terlebih lagi, aplikasi ini sangat mudah dioperasikan.

2020-11-30

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  1. Complete Tutorial Panel Data Regression Using R Equipped with Input, Syntax, Output Files

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  4. why is there a need to defend a thesis before a panel? #bicoluniversity #thesis #peaceeducation

  5. Regresi Data Panel dengan STATA, Episode 35

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    Wakhiri, Nur Muhammad Yusuf (2017) ANALISIS PENDEKATAN PADA MODEL REGRESI DATA PANEL BERGANDA : studi kasus: pengaruh pengendalian program keluarga berencana dan peserta KB aktif terhadap jumlah penduduk di Kota Bandung pada tahun 2011-2013. S1 thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

  5. Repository

    Regresi data panel adalah kombinasi antara data cross section dan time series. Dalam mengestimasi regresi data panel terdapat tiga pendekatan yaitu Model Efek Umum (MEU), Model Efek Tetap (MET) dan Model Efek Acak (MEA). ... Thesis (Skripsi) Subjects: Q Science > Q Science (General) Depositing User: S.Sos Rasman - Date Deposited: 29 Sep 2021 05 ...

  6. ANALISIS REGRESI DATA PANEL PADA FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG ...

    NUSANTARA, PUTRI BELLA and Dwipurwani, Oki (2021) ANALISIS REGRESI DATA PANEL PADA FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DI PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN TAHUN 2016-2019. Undergraduate thesis, Sriwijaya University. Text RAMA_44201_08011381722070.pdf - Accepted Version ...

  7. Analisis Regresi Data Panel untuk Pemodelan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia

    Metode regresi data panel merupakan suatu metode yang digunakan untuk melakukan analisis empirik dengan perilaku data yang dinamis. Ada 3 teknik pendekatan mendasar dalam regresi data panel. ... Undergraduate Thesis: id: dc.subject.keyword: pembangunan manusia: id: dc.subject.keyword: data panel: id: dc.subject.keyword: analisis regresi: id ...

  8. A Comprehensive Guide to Panel Data Regression in R

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