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Meet the winners of the 2024 dance your phd contest, "one of the main messages i wanted to convey... is that differences lead to diversity.".

Jennifer Ouellette - Feb 29, 2024 5:31 pm UTC

We've been following the annual Dance Your PhD contest for several years now, delighting in the many creative approaches researchers have devised to adapt their doctoral theses into movement—from "nano-sponge" materials and superconductivity to the physics of atmospheric molecular clusters and the science of COVID-19. This year's winner is Weliton Menário Costa of the Australian National University for his thesis "Personality, Social Environment, and Maternal-level Effects: Insights from a Wild Kangaroo Population." His video entry, "Kangaroo Time," is having a bit of a viral moment, charming viewers with its catchy beat and colorful, quirky mix of dance styles and personalities—both human and kangaroo.

As we reported previously , the Dance Your PhD contest was established in 2008 by science journalist John Bohannon. It was previously sponsored by Science magazine and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and is now sponsored by the AI company Primer, where Bohannon is the director of science. Bohannon told Slate in 2011 that he came up with the idea while trying to figure out how to get a group of stressed-out PhD students in the middle of defending their theses to let off a little steam. So he put together a dance party at Austria's  Institute of Molecular Biotechnology , including a contest for whichever candidate could best explain their thesis topics with interpretive dance.

The contest was such a hit that Bohannon started getting emails asking when the next would be—and Dance Your PhD has continued ever since. It's now in its 16th year. There are four broad categories: physics, chemistry, biology, and social science, with a fairly liberal interpretation of what topics fall under each. All category winners receive $750, while Costa, as the overall champion, will receive an additional $2,000.

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A native of Brazil, Costa earned a PhD in ecology from ANU in 2021 after spending several years studying eastern gray kangaroos, using a remote-controlled car to determine their distinct personalities. For example, some were bold and would approach the car out of curiosity; others were shyer and would avoid the car. Among his chief findings: Kangaroos like to socialize in groups but prefer smaller social circles. Kangaroo personalities emerge early, just like in humans, with mothers, offspring, and siblings often having similar personalities. But their personalities are also somewhat flexible; kangaroos will adjust their behavior based on social cues from the kangaroos around them.

When it came time to translate his research into movement, Costa decided to represent the rich diversity of kangaroo behavior with an equally diverse collection of dancers and dance styles: classical ballet, Brazilian funk, and urban styles, to name a few. Everyone was free to improvise their moves, with the only instruction being to mingle with others and slowly unify as a group. Costa joined in, adapting his dance style throughout to match other dancers, thus mimicking how kangaroos adapt their personalities to fit into a group. There's even a behind-the-scenes video, which you can watch here .

"There was a sense of surprise and delight in it," visual artist Alexa Meade, one of the content judges, told Science about why they selected Costa's entry. "You could tell they were having fun through the process, that it wasn't this labored, stressful experience."

Costa is the first ANU researcher to win the contest and only the fourth Australian. "I think it not only shows the incredible might of the research conducted here in Australia but also how creative we are as a nation. Even us scientists," Costa said of his win. "One of the main messages I wanted to convey through this piece of work is that differences lead to diversity, and this is evident throughout the entire video. It's evident with the different dancers that herald from various cultures and backgrounds." Costa is pursuing music as "Dr. WELI," and "Kangaroo Time" is one of four songs on his debut EP, Yours Academically, Dr. WELI . But he'll still be working at ANU as a visiting fellow until early 2025.

Check out the winners of the chemistry, physics, and biology categories on the next page.

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3 Grad Students At University Of Helsinki Win 'Dance Your PH.D.' Contest

It's amazing to complete a Ph.D., but can you dance to it? Some scientists are getting their groove on to explain their research. An online contest offers them cash prizes.

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‘Joyful madness’: ANU scientist wins global prize for ‘dancing his PhD’ about kangaroos

Four-minute video features drag queens, twerking, ballerinas, a classical Indian dancer and a bunch of friends from Canberra

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The former Canberra scientist Dr Weliton Menário Costa, who now goes by the name Weli, said it “felt like winning Eurovision” when he learned he had won the global “Dance Your PhD” competition, for his quirky interpretive take on kangaroo behaviour.

His four-minute video titled Kangaroo Time features drag queens, twerking, ballerinas, a classical Indian dancer, and a bunch of friends Weli acquired from his time studying at the Australian National University.

The video collected the top prize awarded annually by the American Association for the Advancement of Science , Science magazine, and San Francisco-based artificial intelligence company Primer.ai.

The competition encourages scientists to explain complex research to the wider public through dance, music and humour, and attracts dozens of entries from around the world each year.

“It’s super incredible,” Weli told the Guardian on Tuesday. “To win an international science competition, it’s like Eurovision – except we all have PhDs.

“It’s actually a real challenge, communicating research results and making a clear link between science and the performing arts. In Eurovision, you can do anything you want.”

Kangaroo Time narrowly beat an entry from the University of Maine, in which a second-year ecology and environmental science PhD student used the music of Camille Saint-Saëns’s Danse Macabre to convey her research on the invasive browntail moth.

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Weli collected more than A$4,000 (US$2,750), winning the overall prize and the social sciences prize; it was the fourth time an Australian entry had won in the competition’s 17-year history.

In 2009, a University of Sydney entry won for a dance about the use of vitamin D to protect against diabetes. Two years later, a University of Western Australia entry won for a video about why orthopaedic implants fail; and the following year, a University of Sydney entry won once again for a work explaining the “evolution of nanostructural architecture in 7000 series aluminium alloys during strengthening by age-hardening and severe plastic deformation”.

Weli based his entry on his four-year PhD study on animal behaviour, in a video Science magazine described as “joyful madness”. The judging panel of scientists, artists and dancers praised Kangaroo Time for its “sense of surprise and delight” and its accessible explanation of the science of marsupial group dynamics.

Using a remote-controlled car, the ANU graduate studied the behavioural differences and complex personalities of a group of more than 300 wild eastern grey kangaroos in Victoria.

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He found that like humans, kangaroos’ personalities develop in early life and often mirror the personalities of their parents and siblings; he found they take social cues from the group dynamic, and form social circles like humans too.

His conclusion: “Difference leads to diversity. It exists within any given species, it is just natural.”

The Brazilian-born biologist, who gained a scholarship from ANU in 2017, said he drew on his South American roots and a fascination with Australia’s unique fauna to write, produce and perform in the work.

A queer immigrant from a developing country, Weli said he could relate to how the kangaroos modified their behaviour to conform to the wider group.

“I come from a very humble family, a small town where most of the people are not educated,” he said, of his conservative upbringing. “When I came to Australia I came out to my family … in Kangaroo Time I celebrate diversity in my beautiful Canberra community that [mirrors] kangaroo behaviour.”

Since completing his PhD in Canberra in 2021, Weli has abandoned his academic science career and moved his home base to Sydney, where he is seeking to establish himself as a singer-songwriter.

His first EP – Yours Academically, Dr Weli – will be out 1 March.

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Watch This Year’s ‘Dance Your PhD’ Contest Winner, a Musical Celebration of Kangaroo Behavior

“Kangaroo Time” took home the competition’s overall prize, while interpretive dances on early life adversity, circadian rhythms and streambank erosion were also honored

Christian Thorsberg

Daily Correspondent

An Australian landscape filled with kangaroos, drag queens, ballerinas and twerking may sound like the onset of a fever dream or a carnival—but for Weliton Menário Costa , a behavioral ecologist at Australian National University who goes by Weli, it was the perfect way to create and share a song about marsupial behavior.

“ Kangaroo Time ,” a four-minute music video about Weli’s years studying eastern gray kangaroos in Victoria, is as fun as it is informative—one of the reasons why it was named the overall winner of this year’s “ Dance Your PhD ” competition.

“It’s super incredible,” Weli tells the Guardian ’s Kelly Burke. “To win an international science competition, it’s like Eurovision—except we all have PhDs.”

Though it might sound unreal, the dancing contest for scientists is “ totally serious .” Weli’s winning video explains his thesis research, “ Personality, Social Environment and Maternal-Level Effects: Insights from a Wild Kangaroo Population .” In his work, Weli found that kangaroos develop their personalities early in life , create social groups and dynamics just as humans do and are influenced to act in similar ways as their parents and siblings. As a queer immigrant to Australia, he tells the Guardian that he can relate to how kangaroos modify their behavior in different groups.

“Differences lead to diversity,” he concludes in “Kangaroo Time.” “It exists within any given species; it is just natural.”

The video’s message resonated with the judges, both scientifically and artfully. “There was a sense of surprise and delight in [‘Kangaroo Time’],” judge Alexa Meade tells Science ’s Sean Cummings. “You could tell they were having fun through the process, that it wasn’t this labored, stressful experience.”

The origins of the “Dance Your PhD” competition can be traced to New Year’s Eve in 2006, when John Bohannon —a microbiologist and director of science at artificial intelligence company Primer—hosted a dance party for his colleagues and friends. The only problem: hardly anyone wanted to boogie.

“It’s very hard to get anyone to dance, particularly scientists,” Bohannon told NPR ’s Barry Gordemer in 2021. “Their parties are not on the dancey side.”

So, like any scientist, he designed an experiment—or, in this case, a dance contest—based on a hypothesis. “One thing you can count on with scientists is they’re competitive and they have a sense of humor about their work, so I thought, let’s just put it all together,” he said to NPR.

The first official contest took place in 2008, and it has been organized every year since by Science magazine and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. For 16 years the competition has made its enduring pitch to scientists globally: “Don’t you wish you lived in a world where you could just ask people to pull out their phones to watch an online video explaining your PhD research through interpretive dance?”

Evidently, many do—dozens of videos each year are submitted to the contest, in four categories of biology, chemistry, physics and social science. Science communication skills are key to a successful video, striking a balance between creativity and sharing new findings.

“It’s actually a real challenge, communicating research results and making a clear link between science and the performing arts,” Weli tells the Guardian .

Weli took home the overall winner’s purse of $2,000, in addition to his $750 social science category prize. The three other winning videos this year focused on how adversity in early life can affect how genes work ( Siena Dumas Ang , Princeton University), treating the loss of neurons by targeting a protein involved with the circadian rhythm ( Xuebing Zhang , City University of Hong Kong) and streambank erosion ( Layla El-Khoury , North Carolina State University). In the social science category, the runner-up behind the kangaroos was a video on the invasive browntail moth  in Maine.

Past overall winners have included atmospheric scientists from the University of Helsinki in Finland rapping about cloud formations ; a swing dance about superconductivity from a researcher at the University of Victoria in Canada; and a stylized music video about yeast cells from a researcher at Vilnius University in Lithuania.

For Weli, one of his most meaningful breakthroughs was with his grandmother, who didn’t quite understand his thesis until recently.

“Once I released ‘Kangaroo Time,’ she was like, ‘That’s my grandson! I get it now!’” he tells Science .

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Christian Thorsberg | READ MORE

Christian Thorsberg is an environmental writer and photographer from Chicago. His work, which often centers on freshwater issues, climate change and subsistence, has appeared in Circle of Blue , Sierra  magazine, Discover  magazine and Alaska Sporting Journal .

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Whether you want to focus on teacher education, leadership and policy, movement sciences, or craft your own interdisciplinary specialization, our doctoral program in Dance Education has a research path for you.

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Welcome to the Dance Education program

The EdD in Dance Education doctoral program at Teachers College is the only doctoral program in the nation focused on pedagogical and educational research in dance. Our community affirms dance as an essential form of embodied experience that shapes learning across diverse global contexts. Through dance education experiences people of all ages imagine, create, think critically, collaborate, understand culture, shape identity, and communicate meaning about human experiences. Our doctoral community welcomes experienced dance educators who celebrate many dance traditions and aim to transform the next generation of dance education through impactful work with adult stakeholders in the field. 

In preparing doctoral students as teacher educators, researchers, and leaders, our core mission is to cultivate educational experts that forge new pathways in dance education that are accessible, inclusive, equitable, and excellent for all learners. Our doctoral students are interested in educating K-12 dance educators, classroom teachers, teaching artists, studio dance educators, college students, university instructors, as well as administrators and policy makers. As researchers, our doctoral students examine a wide range of educational issues impacting underrepresented sectors of the field, such as K-12 urban education, community college learners, and university dance teacher preparation for example. During integrated course-work, we critically examine historical assumptions and contemporary contexts, engage in collaborative dialogue and discourse, and enact socially just practices and policies. “Dance for All” has been the core philosophical identity at Teachers College for over 100 years.

Nested in the arts mecca of the world, the doctoral program brings together renowned faculty from across the college with the vibrant dance community of New York City. Teachers College is recognized by scholars as a primary incubator for the development of dance education as a field in PK-12 schools and universities and it has played a principal role in cultivating and empowering dance education leaders since the early 1900s.  As the nation’s premier institution in the teaching of teachers in all fields, Teachers College is the ideal place to earn a doctorate in dance education and to join the legacy of dance education leadership. 

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Education professionals can advance their expertise in organization development with our part-time, online Ph.D. program, which includes a one-week summer immersion on campus.

What makes the Ph.D. in Organization Development & Change at SHU unique?

Sacred Heart University’s organization development & change doctoral program is designed for professionals who are committed to ethical behavior and promoting social justice in both their scholarship and practice.

Our program prepares mid- and senior-level executives and experienced practitioners for significant contributions in their workplaces and communities. Committed to ethical behavior and social justice, our students critically evaluate and advance theory, research, and practice in organization development, change management, leadership and related social and behavioral sciences.

Earning this Ph.D. will position you to advance significantly in fields related to organizational change and leadership. You will:

• Collaborate closely with faculty mentors who support your specific research interests and professional goals
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Our faculty prioritize creating inclusive environments for students from diverse backgrounds. The program emphasizes ethical practice, social justice, and the application of comprehensive, integrated frameworks to organizational development.

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Starting from the second semester, Ph.D. students may have opportunities to teach within related programs, enhancing their pedagogical skills. The program includes structured mentorship, specifically offering BIPOC doctoral students support through dedicated mentoring alliances.

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UB athletic trainers help dance majors get back on their feet

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Victoria Parr watches dancers in Ann Burnidge's dance class. Parr’s personal experience inspired her and fellow UB athletic trainer Marie Pettitt to begin working with UB dance majors to help them better care for their bodies. Photo: Meredith Forrest Kulwicki

By DAVID J. HILL

Published May 21, 2024

Victoria Parr battled through injuries when she was a dance major at UB a few years ago. During her sophomore year, Parr experienced awful shin splints that prevented her from being able to continue dancing.

“If I knew how to strengthen my calves and my ankles the right way, I could have prevented that injury,” she says. “And so that kind of always stuck with me, that dancers don’t always know how to take care of their bodies. They’re dancing a lot and they need help with recovery.”

Parr’s personal experience inspired her and fellow UB athletic trainer Marie Pettitt to begin working with UB dance majors on a weekly basis to help them better care for their bodies.

“I knew from my experiences and all my dance friends being injured in college, too, there’s a need for this,” says Parr, who received bachelor’s degrees in both dance and exercise science, as well as her master’s in athletic training, from UB.

She now specializes in dance/performing arts medicine as a certified athletic trainer with UBMD Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, where she works with Pettitt, who received her master’s in athletic training from UB after obtaining her bachelor’s in exercise science from SUNY Brockport.

The program began as a class project in which students were asked to assess need and implement care to an underserved population. “As we both grew up dancing and experienced injuries, we also experienced a lack of health care resources available to us with the knowledge of the demand and athleticism needed in the performing arts,” says Pettitt.

Parr smiles and chats with dance major Lily Coglin during a cupping treatment. Photo: Meredith Forrest Kulwicki

So, Parr and Pettitt, along with Sarah Krzyzanowicz, clinical instructor in the Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and coordinator of clinical education for athletic training, formed a group of dance and health care professionals with an interest in expanding the health care resources for dancers at UB.

“We are very excited that a class project we designed where students explored how to provide athletic training services to underrepresented populations has come to full fruition,” says Krzyzanowicz.

“Marie and Victoria both worked on this project when they were students in our program, and we are so proud that they have continued to pursue ensuring that performing arts patients have equal access to the same health care that traditional athletes are used to,” Krzyzanowicz adds.

“The treatments have helped me a lot with pain management,” says Lily Colligan, who has received treatment for her hip and her foot. “It helps me dance better if I’m able to manage pain better.” Photo: Meredith Forrest Kulwicki

Through UBMD, Parr and Pettitt primarily provide athletic training services to area high schools; Parr works with Orchard Park and Pettitt is with Buffalo Public Schools. But they now have designated hours each week in Alumni Arena on the North Campus, where students from UB’s Department of Theatre and Dance can sign up for treatment sessions.

Dancing puts significant strain on the body, and injuries are common. At first, students were a little skeptical and perhaps even unwilling to sign up, out of fear they would be told they can’t dance for a long time. “There was definitely a lot of education at first and reassuring students that Marie and I are both dancers, we love dance and we want you to be able to dance better, stronger and get back to it sooner,” says Parr.

With dancers, Parr and Pettitt most often treat sore muscles, ankle sprains and back pain. “Depending on the style of dance and the choreography that a dancer is working with, we can also work on exercises or recovery strategies to prevent overuse injuries specific to that dancer’s physical demands of the semester or show,” says Pettitt. They’ve even worked with a dancer returning to dance after an ACL reconstruction. They also help dancers with recovery using soft tissue techniques including cupping and instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization.

Amanda Healy (left) discusses her foot pain with UB athletic trainers Marie Pettitt (standing) and Victoria Parr (seated) during a consultation. Photo: Meredith Forrest Kulwicki

One day earlier this semester, Pettitt treated senior dance major Amanda Healy, who began experiencing foot pain during spring break. “The ball of my foot started to hurt really bad, especially in ballet class because I’m on my toes all the time,” Healy says. She got an X-ray, which ruled out a stress fracture, and learned that she had something called Morton’s neuroma, a kind of inflammation common in dancers.

Healy knew she couldn’t wait to do anything until the end of the semester when she returns home to Massachusetts for the summer, so she decided to start coming to see Pettitt in Alumni Arena. After just a couple of sessions, her foot pain lessened markedly.

“It’s so helpful that these appointments are available to us,” says Healy. “And then just getting these exercises they give you, it’s just like regular physical therapy — I can take them home and do them on my own to build up strength.”

Another senior dance major, Lily Colligan, agrees. “The treatments have helped me a lot with pain management,” says Colligan, who has received treatment for her hip and her foot. “It helps me dance better if I’m able to manage pain better.”

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1. labor market and economic trends for young adults, table of contents.

• Labor force trends and economic outcomes for young adults
• Economic outcomes for young men
• Economic outcomes for young women
• Wealth trends for households headed by a young adult
• The importance of a four-year college degree
• Getting a high-paying job without a college degree
• Do Americans think their education prepared them for the workplace?
• Is college worth the cost?
• Acknowledgments
• The American Trends Panel survey methodology
• Current Population Survey methodology
• Survey of Consumer Finances methodology

A majority of the nation’s 36 million workers ages 25 to 34 have not completed a four-year college degree. In 2023, there were 19 million young workers who had some college or less education, including those who had not finished high school.

The overall number of employed young adults has grown over the decades as more young women joined the workforce. The number of employed young adults without a college degree peaked around 1990 at 25 million and then started to fall, as more young people began finishing college .

This chapter looks at the following key labor market and economic trends separately for young men and young women by their level of education:

Labor force participation

• Individual earnings

Household income

• Net worth 1

When looking at how young adults are doing in the job market, it generally makes the most sense to analyze men and women separately. They tend to work in different occupations and have different career patterns, and their educational paths have diverged in recent decades.

In 1970, almost all young men whose highest educational attainment was a high school diploma (98%) were in the labor force, meaning they were working or looking for work. By 2013, only 88% of high school-educated young men were in the labor force. Today, that share is 87%.

Similarly, 96% of young men whose highest attainment was some college education were in the labor force in 1970. Today, the share is 89%.

By comparison, labor force participation among young men with at least a bachelor’s degree has remained relatively stable these past few decades. Today, 94% of young men with at least a bachelor’s degree are in the labor force.

The long-running decline in the labor force participation of young men without a bachelor’s degree may be due to several factors, including declining wages , the types of jobs available to this group becoming less desirable, rising incarceration rates and the opioid epidemic . 2

Looking at labor force and earnings trends over the past several decades, it’s important to keep in mind broader forces shaping the national job market.

The Great Recession officially ended in June 2009, but the national job market recovered slowly . At the beginning of the Great Recession in the fourth quarter of 2007, the national unemployment rate was 4.6%. Unemployment peaked at 10.4% in the first quarter of 2010. It was not until the fourth quarter of 2016 that unemployment finally returned to its prerecession level (4.5%).

Studies suggest that things started to look up for less-skilled workers around 2014. Among men with less education, hourly earnings began rising in 2014 after a decade of stagnation. Wage growth for low-wage workers also picked up in 2014. The tightening labor markets in the last five years of the expansion after the Great Recession improved the labor market prospects of “vulnerable workers” considerably.

The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted the tight labor market, but the COVID-19 recession and recovery were quite different from the Great Recession in their job market impact. The more recent recession was arguably more severe, as the national unemployment rate reached 12.9% in the second quarter of 2020. But it was short – officially lasting two months, compared with the 18-month Great Recession – and the labor market bounced back much quicker. Unemployment was 3.3% before the COVID-19 recession; three years later, unemployment had once again returned to that level.

Full-time, full-year employment

Since the Great Recession of 2007-09, young men without a four-year college degree have seen a significant increase in the average number of hours they work.

• Today, 77% of young workers with a high school education work full time, full year, compared with 69% in 2011.
• 83% of young workers with some college education work full time, full year, compared with 70% in 2011.

The share of young men with a college degree who work full time, year-round has remained fairly steady in recent decades – at about 80% – and hasn’t fluctuated with good or bad economic cycles.

Annual earnings

Annual earnings for young men without a college degree were on a mostly downward path from 1973 until roughly 10 years ago (with the exception of a bump in the late 1990s). 3

Earnings have been increasing modestly over the past decade for these groups.

• Young men with a high school education who are working full time, full year have median earnings of $45,000 today, up from $39,300 in 2014. (All figures are in 2022 dollars.)
• The median earnings of young men with some college education who are working full time, full year are $50,000 today, similar to their median earnings in 2014 ($49,100).

It’s important to note that median annual earnings for both groups of noncollege men remain below their 1973 levels.

Median earnings for young men with a four-year college degree have increased over the past 10 years, from $67,500 in 2014 to $77,000 today.

Unlike young men without a college degree, the earnings of college-educated young men are now above what they were in the early 1970s. The gap in median earnings between young men with and without a college degree grew significantly from the late 1970s to 2014. In 1973, the typical young man with a degree earned 23% more than his high school-educated counterpart. By 2014, it was 72% more. Today, that gap stands at 71%. 4

Household income has also trended up for young men in the past 10 years, regardless of educational attainment.

This measure takes into account the contributions of everyone in the household. For this analysis, we excluded young men who are living in their parents’ home (about 20% of 25- to 34-year-old men in 2023).

• The median household income of young men with a high school education is $75,200 today, up from $63,800 in 2014. This is slightly lower than the highpoint reached around 2019.
• The median household income of young men with some college education is $92,200 today, up from $81,100 in 2014. This is close to the 2022 peak of $93,800.

The median household income of young men with at least a bachelor’s degree has also increased from a low point of $118,700 in 2014 after the Great Recession to $145,000 today.

The gap in household income between young men with and without a college degree grew significantly between 1980 and 2014. In 1980, the median household income of young men with at least a bachelor’s degree was about 38% more than that of high school graduates. By 2014, that gap had widened to 86%.

Over the past 10 years, the income gap has fluctuated. In 2023, the typical college graduate’s household income was 93% more than that of the typical high school graduate.

The 2001 recession and Great Recession resulted in a large increase in poverty among young men without a college degree.

• In 2000, among young men living independently of their parents, 8% of those with a high school education were in poverty. Poverty peaked for this group at 17% around 2011 and has since declined to 12% in 2023.
• Among young men with some college education, poverty peaked at 12% around 2014, up from 4% in 2000. Poverty has fallen for this group since 2014 and stands at 8% as of 2023.
• Young men with a four-year college degree also experienced a slight uptick in poverty during the 2001 recession and Great Recession. In 2014, 6% of young college graduates were in poverty, up from 4% in 2000. Poverty among college graduates stands at 5% in 2023.

Labor force trends for young women are very different than for young men. There are occupational and educational differences between young women and men, and their earnings have followed different patterns.

Unlike the long-running decline for noncollege young men, young women without a college degree saw their labor force participation increase steadily from 1970 to about 1990.

By 2000, about three-quarters of young women with a high school diploma and 79% of those with some college education were in the labor force.

Labor force participation has also trended upward for college-educated young women and has consistently been higher than for those with less education.

After rising for decades, labor force participation for young women without a college degree fell during the 2001 recession and the Great Recession. Their labor force participation has increased slightly since 2014.

As of 2023, 69% of young women with a high school education were in the labor force, as were 78% of young women with some college education. Today’s level of labor force participation for young women without a college degree is slightly lower than the level seen around 2000.

The decline in labor force participation for noncollege women partly reflects the declining labor force participation for mothers with children under 18 years of age . Other research has suggested that without federal paid parental and family leave benefits for parents, some women with less education may leave the labor force after having a baby.

In contrast, labor force participation for young women with a college degree has fully recovered from the recessions of the early 2000s. Today, 87% of college-educated young women are in the labor force, the highest estimate on record.

Young women without a college degree have steadily increased their work hours over the decades. The past 10 years in particular have seen a significant increase in the share of employed noncollege women working full time, full year (with the exception of 2021).

• In 2023, 69% of employed young women with a high school education worked full time, full year, up from 56% in 2014. This share is the highest it’s ever been.
• In 2023, 65% of employed women with some college worked full time, full year, up from 58% in 2014. This is among the highest levels ever.

The trend in the share working full time, full year has been similar for young women with college degrees. By 2023, 78% of these women worked full time, full year, the highest share it’s ever been.

Unlike young men, young women without a college education did not see their earnings fall between 1970 and 2000.

The 2001 recession and Great Recession also did not significantly impact the earnings of noncollege young women. In the past 10 years, their median earnings have trended upward.

• For young women with a high school diploma, median earnings reached $36,000 in 2023, up from $30,900 in 2014.
• For those with some college, median earnings rose to $40,000 in 2023 from $37,700 in 2014.

For young women with a college degree, median earnings rose steadily from the mid-1980s until the early 2000s. By 2003, they reached $62,100, but this declined to $55,200 by 2014. In the past 10 years, the median earnings of college-educated young women have risen, reaching $65,000 in 2023.

In the mid-1980s, the typical young woman with a college degree earned about 48% more than her counterpart with a high school diploma. The pay gap among women has widened since then, and by 2014, the typical college graduate earned 79% more than the typical high school graduate. The gap has changed little over the past 10 years.

Noncollege young women living independently from their parents have experienced large household income gains over the past 10 years, measured at the median.

• In 2023, young women with a high school diploma had a median household income of $61,600, up from $48,100 in 2014.
• The pattern is similar for young women with some college education. Their median income rose to $75,200 in 2023 from $64,600 in 2014.

The median household income for young women with a four-year college degree is significantly higher than it is for their counterparts without a degree. College-educated young women have made substantial gains in the past 10 years.

The income gap between young women with and without a college degree has widened over the decades. In 1980, the median household income of young women with a college degree was 50% higher than that of high school-educated women. By 2014, the income gap had grown to 139%. Today, the household income advantage of college-educated women stands at 121% ($136,000 vs. $61,600).

Poverty trends for young women mirror those for young men, although young women are overall more likely to be in poverty than young men. The past 10 years have resulted in a steep reduction in the share of noncollege women in poverty.

• Today, 21% of young women with a high school diploma are living in poverty. This is down from 31% in 2014.
• 15% of young women with some college education live in poverty, compared with 21% in 2014.
• Young women with a college degree are consistently far less likely than either group to be living in poverty (5% in 2023).

Along with young adults’ rising incomes over the past 10 years, there’s been a substantial increase in their wealth. This part of our analysis does not look at men and women separately due to limitations in sample size.

In 2022, households headed by a young high school graduate had a median net worth of $30,700, up from $12,700 in 2013. Those headed by a young adult with some college education had a median net worth of $52,900, up from $15,700 in 2013.

The typical wealth level of households headed by a young college graduate was $120,200 in 2022, up from $46,600 in 2013.

There has not been any significant narrowing of the wealth gap between young high school graduate and young college graduate households since 2013.

Wealth increased for Americans across age groups over this period due to several factors. Many were able to save money during the pandemic lockdowns. In addition, home values increased, and the stock market surged.

• Most of the analysis in this chapter is based on the Annual Social and Economic Supplement collected by the U.S. Census Bureau. Information on net worth is based on a Federal Reserve survey, which interviews fewer households. Due to this smaller sample size, the net worth of households headed by a young adult cannot be broken out by gender and education. ↩
• Bureau of Labor Statistics data indicates that the labor force participation rate for men ages 25 to 54 has been declining since 1953. ↩
• This analysis looks at the earnings of employed adults working full time, full year. This measure of earnings is not uncommon. For example, the National Center for Education Statistics publishes a series on the annual earnings of 25- to 34-year-olds working full time, full year. ↩
• Other studies using hourly wages rather than annual earnings find that the college wage premium has narrowed. For example, researchers at the San Francisco Federal Reserve report that the college wage gap peaked in the mid-2010s but declined by just 4 percentage points to about 75% in 2022. ↩

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Hundreds of School of Pharmacy Graduates Entering Field

May 22, 2024    |   By Andrew Tie

The University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (UMSOP) held multiple convocation ceremonies last week, with hundreds of new graduates entering the field.  

On May 17, UMSOP celebrated 94 graduating  Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students   at The Lyric Baltimore.

“We at the School of Pharmacy are so very proud of you,” said Sarah L.J. Michel, PhD , UMSOP dean and professor of pharmaceutical sciences, who presided over graduation for the first time as dean. “As you go into the world and start your career in pharmacy, I am looking forward to hearing about your accomplishments. Whatever path you take, continue to be resilient, tenacious, and altruistic. Continue to lead.”  

Some students challenged themselves to complete pathways in geriatric and palliative care, pharmapreneurship — an initiative created by UMSOP in 2017 that represents the development of pharmacy entrepreneurs to address the nation’s health care challenges — pharmacotherapy, and research, while others completed graduate certificates or dual degrees in pharmacometrics and regulatory science.  

Others took on leadership positions in the Student Government Association or the University Student Government Association. And some participated in legislative advocacy.  

“If you think back to when you first started school here, how many skills did you have? How many lives could you save? How many proper medications could you think about and administer? Look at you today. Look at how excellent you’ve become,” said Bruce E. Jarrell, MD, FACS , president of the University of Maryland, Baltimore (UMB), in conferring PharmD degrees to the graduates.  

In reflecting on his journey through pharmacy school, Javier Trujillo, PharmD ’24 , recalls moving to Maryland not knowing anyone and developing friendships with classmates.   

During his fourth year, he worked at the Maryland Poison Center , which he said changed his career interests toward toxicology.  

“I absolutely loved working at the Maryland Poison Center. It was more fulfilling than anything I’ve ever done,” Trujillo said.  

In addition to the PharmD Ceremony, UMSOP celebrated its in-person and virtual PhD and MS programs between May 14-18. They included:  

• The Pharmaceutical Health Services Research program — part of the Department of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research — which recognized three PhD and three MS graduates in the Saratoga Building President’s Boardroom on May 16 before a UMB hooding ceremony for PhD students. 
• The PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PSC) program, which recognized 10 doctoral graduates on May 16 before a UMB hooding ceremony for PhD students. 
• The MS in PSC program, which held its convocation ceremony on May 15 to recognize its 22 graduates. 
• The Graduate Studies in Medical Cannabis Science program, which held a ceremony at the Universities at Shady Grove on May 14 to honor 135 MS and six certificate graduates. 
• The MS and Graduate Certificate in Regulatory Science program, which held a convocation ceremony on May 15 to recognize its 25 master’s and seven certificate graduates. Six of the MS students also graduated from UMSOP this year with their PharmD. 
• The MS in Pharmacometrics program, which held its graduation online on May 18 to recognize its 16 graduating students 

“We are so proud of the Class of 2024 across our PhD and MS programs,” Michel said. “Whether you’re working on discoveries in a lab, advocating for legislative and policy changes, or evaluating pharmaceutical services and interventions, we know you are and will continue to be leaders, innovators, and change makers in your respective fields.”  

Jassmin Brown, MS ’24 , has a business background and said she’s looking into entrepreneurial opportunities in the medical and adult-use cannabis markets. Based in Richmond, Va., Brown described the program as exciting, motivating, and entertaining.  

“I drive to Maryland to participate in volunteer activities, make connections with my friends and faculty, and, honestly, it’s one of the best decisions I’ve made because I’ve not only made lifetime friends, but also family,” Brown said.  

During the PharmD ceremony, Jarrell presented an honorary Doctor of Science degree to R.F. “Rick” Shangraw, Jr., PhD, MPA , president of Cintana Education, for which UMSOP nominated him.  

Shangraw has long been part of the UMSOP community as the son of the late Ralph F. Shangraw, a former department chair and professor emeritus of pharmaceutics. The honorary degree recognizes Shangraw’s involvement with and advocacy for advancing pharmacy education, research, and practice.  

“As you go out into the world, keep that entrepreneurial spirit to be innovative, to be creative, to think of new ways to do your job, to bring new ideas,” said Shangraw, who has been a supporter of the pharmapreneurship  initiative, the school’s commitment to supporting and best positioning faculty and students to achieve their career aspirations and address health care challenges.

“Many professions around the world are changing dramatically, and pharmacy is certainly one of them,” Shangraw added. “So it’s vitally important to bring this concept of pharmapreneurship to your job.”  

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1 Milford school counselor, 2 Delaware history teachers see honors: Education roundup

Summer is inching its way closer.

College and university students across the state have been turning their tassels, while younger students are clinching scholarships to secure such a next chapter. Delaware school leaders and teachers alike have also been snagging their own awards as school winds down.

And thinking of closed chapters, Delaware College of Art and Design announced last week it will be winding down operations and closing permanently . The college will usher transfers and no longer offer any classes or degrees for the 2024-25 academic year, after nearly 30 years of operation.

Farther south, Cape Henlopen voters rejected the district's revised referendum . Just under 500 votes made the difference, in unofficial results.

In this weekly roundup, we'll catch you up on some education updates you may have missed.

[Did we miss another good education story?  Tell me about it:  [email protected] . ]

School taxes: Fewer than 500 votes fail Cape Henlopen schools' second-chance referendum request

Milford counselor named Delaware's 2024 Behavioral Health Professional of the Year

One school counselor from Milford School District is now the state’s 2024 Delaware Behavioral Health Professional of the Year.

Mispillion Elementary's Shannon Gronau clinched the honor last week, as Secretary of Education Mark Holodick and House Majority Leader Valerie Longhurst made the announcement at a banquet. Each local winner already received a $2,000 award, while the statewide winner receives an additional $3,000, alongside $5,000 to be used for her students.

In a press release following the annoucement, Gronau notes her goal to continue building strong relationships with students, so she can understand how to offer support.

She has helped a student who "hated school" reconnect with the building and her peers, working through anger management and grief left unaddressed. She has created a peer leadership group, training fourth and fifth grade students to mentor first graders who need a positive connection at school. The list continues.

“Walking the halls, you can see the hugs and waves she receives. The students trust her and confide in her,” said her assistant principal, Ashley Ganley, in the release. “During her workday, Shannon can be found providing individual and group counseling. Her students learn valuable self-regulation skills in small groups or whole classes, which is so needed in today’s classroom and society.”

'We were the guinea pigs': Delaware dual-language high school to graduate first seniors

2 history teachers for national award by Delaware Historical Society

Two Delaware history teachers were nominated for the 2024 Patricia Behring Teacher of the Year Award.

This award honors innovation and "commitment to engaging students in historical learning," according to a spokesperson from the Delaware Historical Society. The society nominated Andrew Bedell and Brent Freccia.

Bedell, a history teacher at Cab Calloway School of the Arts in Wilmington, is nominated in the middle school division, according to a press release issued last week, while Freccia, history teacher at Newark Charter, is the nominee in the high school division. All nominees receive $500.

Just over 100 teachers were nominated throughout the country. The national winner, who will be announced on June 13 , will also receive a $10,000 prize.

“The Patricia Behring Teacher of the Year Award nominees always represent the best in history education,” said National History Day Executive Director Cathy Gorn, in a statement. “As NHD celebrates our 50th anniversary year, I couldn’t be more proud of these teachers."

Delaware desegregation: How one Wilmington bus tour honors 70th anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education

Christina Cultural Arts Center honors lost student in annual dance and music recital

This year, Christina Cultural Arts Center's annual showcase will pay homage to the memory of a beloved student.

The theme, "Shine Among the Stars," will honor Leila Starr, organizers said in a press release, who died earlier this year. Starr — "a shining star in her own right" — was a student in CCAC's dance classes for 17 years, beginning at 3 years old. Over 1,000 attendees are anticipated, and students have been working to bring the vision together.

"Leila was a unique spirit. She always brought her full self to the class and found her joy and swag in her movement,” said Dara Meredith, Leila’s dance instructor, in a statement. "Beyond dance, the energy that radiated from her spirit was greater than any movement because her spirit danced."

The center's performers will take to the stage in two shows on June 9, at The Grand. Tickets are available online , through the theater.

ICYMI: Bills aim to boost diverse curriculums, sexual-assault awareness training: Education roundup

Wilmington Learning Collaborative: 'Let your voice be heard!'

The Wilmington Learning Collaborative is looking to hear from you.

Well, its looking to hear from families, teachers and staff within its nine Wilmington schools. As an extended planning year draws to a close, the collaborative issued a school experience survey . The survey closing by the end of June aims to gather critical feedback to plan for next year.

It takes about 10 minutes to complete, with different surveys for each group. Families in particular will be entered into a raffle drawing to win Apple devices.

Access the surveys online at: bit.ly/WLCbiolink .

7 Mount Pleasant High students snag scholarships

Earlier this month, seven students at Mount Pleasant High School were awarded $1,000 in scholarships through OneMain Financial. The district brought families, teachers and OMF volunteers together to mark the celebration.

Since 2022, OneMain Financial's "Credit Worthy" program has been taught in more than 3,600 high schools, according to Brandywine School District, and has benefitted more than 300,000 students. Some $300,000 in scholarships for course participants have been awarded through 2025.

Got a story? Kelly Powers covers race, culture and equity for Delaware Online/The News Journal and USA TODAY Network Northeast, with a focus on education. Contact her at [email protected] or (231) 622-2191, and follow her on X @kpowers01 .

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Protect your pets from heatstroke: Essential tips for a safe summer

May 23, 2024

As temperatures soar and the hot summer months approach, it's crucial to prioritize the safety of your beloved pets. Heatstroke can have devastating consequences, including organ failure and even death. Take proactive measures to safeguard your pets and ensure they stay safe throughout the summer season.

While summer hasn't officially begun, rising temperatures demand our attention to the special care our pets need to avoid heatstroke. Unlike humans, dogs cannot communicate when they feel overheated, making it our responsibility to provide them with adequate protection from the scorching sun, a constant supply of fresh water, and opportunities to cool down as temperatures rise. When leaving your pets outdoors during the day, be mindful of these essential needs. Additionally, remember that leaving pets in hot cars, even for a few minutes or when parked in the shade, can be life-threatening. Sadly, the LSU Veterinary Teaching Hospital witnesses several cases of heatstroke each summer.

A dog's normal body temperature ranges between 99°F and 102.5°F. A mere increase of three degrees to a temperature of 105°F can lead to heat-related illnesses. Puppies, kittens, older pets, and brachycephalic breeds (such as pugs and bulldogs) are particularly prone to heatstroke and related ailments.

Be vigilant for early signs of heatstroke, including rapid breathing, increased heart rate, and gums that change color from a healthy light pink to bright red or even dull, grayish-pink. Vomiting and diarrhea may also occur. Heatstroke is a dire emergency. If your dog displays these symptoms, immediately move them to a shaded area, dampen their coat with cool water, and seek veterinary assistance without delay. These signs can quickly progress to collapse, organ failure, seizures, coma, blood clotting disorders, and even death. All pets experiencing heatstroke require immediate treatment and careful monitoring for several days.

Prevention is the key to combat heatstroke. Ensure that your outdoor pets have ample shade and access to fresh water. Never leave your pets in a parked car, even with the windows down. Use tip-proof bowls to prevent spills when you're away from home. Place outdoor water bowls in shaded areas, especially if they're made of stainless steel, as they can heat up rapidly in the sun.

Furthermore, refrain from jogging or biking with your dog during midday hours in the summer. While you may enjoy a run or bike ride in the heat, it could have disastrous consequences for your furry companion. The pavement can become scorching hot and burn your dog's paw pads. Plan your walks for early mornings or late evenings when temperatures are relatively lower. Adjust your pet's exercise level according to their age, breed, and body condition, and consult your veterinarian for guidance. By taking a few simple precautions, you and your pets can enjoy a safe and delightful summer.

In case of after-hours emergency medical care for your pet, LSU Veterinary Teaching Hospital on Skip Bertman Drive is available 24/7, 365 days a year. If you have pets or small exotics, call 225-578-9600; for horses and livestock, call 225-578-9500. 

Learn More About the Veterinary Teaching Hospital

About LSU Vet Med: Bettering lives through education, public service, and discovery

The LSU School of Veterinary Medicine is one of only 33 veterinary schools in the U.S. and the only one in Louisiana. LSU Vet Med is dedicated to improving and protecting the lives of animals and people through superior education, transformational research, and compassionate care. We teach. We heal. We discover. We protect.

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Communications Manager LSU School of Veterinary Medicine 225-578-9922

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Geographic coordinates of Elektrostal, Moscow Oblast, Russia

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Coordinates of elektrostal in degrees and decimal minutes, utm coordinates of elektrostal, geographic coordinate systems.

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Geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) define a position on the Earth’s surface. Coordinates are angular units. The canonical form of latitude and longitude representation uses degrees (°), minutes (′), and seconds (″). GPS systems widely use coordinates in degrees and decimal minutes, or in decimal degrees.

Latitude varies from −90° to 90°. The latitude of the Equator is 0°; the latitude of the South Pole is −90°; the latitude of the North Pole is 90°. Positive latitude values correspond to the geographic locations north of the Equator (abbrev. N). Negative latitude values correspond to the geographic locations south of the Equator (abbrev. S).

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Elektrostal , Moscow Oblast, Russia

40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 21 May 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy , materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes , offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

Elektrostal's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and promising future make it a city worth exploring. For more captivating facts about cities around the world, discover the unique characteristics that define each city . Uncover the hidden gems of Moscow Oblast through our in-depth look at Kolomna. Lastly, dive into the rich industrial heritage of Teesside, a thriving industrial center with its own story to tell.

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