how much does a phd in nursing cost

DNP vs. Ph.D. in Nursing: What’s the Difference?

• DNP vs. PH.D. Nursing Compared

Duties and Responsibilities

• Education and Certification

Salary and Career Outlook

• Which Is Best?

Are you ready to earn your online nursing degree?

Nurses who have already earned a masters degree and are looking to pursue the next step in their education have two options: doctor of nursing practice (DNP) and doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) in nursing.

Both degrees offer nurses a variety of professional opportunities, allowing them to utilize their expertise to benefit the field of nursing.

This guide outlines the differences in earning a DNP vs. a Ph.D. in nursing, and what opportunities lay ahead for graduates of either program. In understanding the roles and responsibilities of each, nurses can determine which degree is right for them.

DNP and Ph.D. in Nursing Key Similarities and Differences

A DNP and Ph.D. are both terminal degrees, meaning they are the highest degree a nurse can earn. Regardless of their choice of program, interested nurses need a bachelor of science (BSN) degree in nursing, an active and unencumbered registered nurse (RN) license, and clinical experience before gaining admittance to either doctorate program.

While a DNP and Ph.D. are both advanced degrees, they prepare nurses for different roles within the nursing field. DNP programs focus on educating nurses who want to pursue leadership roles in a clinical setting. Ph.D. programs provide nurses with an education to pursue academic or research-based positions.

What is a DNP?

A DNP is an advanced degree for nurses who want to become experts in clinical nursing. The degree is an alternative to research-centric doctoral programs, and provides nurses with skills and training to work at an advanced level in the nursing field.

What is a Ph.D. in Nursing?

Earning a Ph.D. in nursing prepares graduates for work either in academia or research settings. Graduates often pursue faculty positions with academic institutions or in a career that involves performing research in a medical laboratory.

Source: Payscale

Popular DNP Programs

Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below.

The roles of a nurse with a DNP vs. a Ph.D. in nursing are fundamentally different. The former focuses on clinical work, whereas the latter is geared more toward research and education.

Their duties revolve around those two major areas. As such, DNPs are more likely to work with patients, while Ph.D graduates focus on educating nurses and analyzing medical practices.

What Can You Do With a DNP?

Nurses with a DNP are considered expert clinicians who are prepared for the highest level of nursing practice.

Upon earning the degree, nurses can choose to focus on leadership and administrative roles (e.g., nurse administrator, public health, healthcare policy, informatics) nursing education (e.g.,clinical nurse specialist, nurse educator), or clinical care (e.g.,certified registered nurse anesthetist, nurse practitioner).

After earning a DNP, nurses’ responsibilities may include:

• Diagnose and treat patients
• Prescribe medications
• Order various diagnostic tests
• Handle patient complains
• Consult on complex cases
• Implement policy changes

Keep in mind that some DNP programs are for roles (clinical nurse specialist, nurse educator) that will not have authorization to perform some of the above responsibilities.

What Can You Do With a Ph.D. in Nursing?

Nurses with a Ph.D. often focus on the areas of education and research. They may design studies and conduct research on clinical practices, nursing education, health systems, and public policy.

People with a Ph.D. in nursing often find employment in academic, business, or governmental settings. Overall, nurses with a Ph.D.can:

• Design, conduct, and publish research
• Develop new nursing knowledge and methods
• Utilize research results to improve nursing outcomes
• Write proposals and apply for grants to fund research
• Mentor and advise students
• Compose curriculum for nursing courses

Education Prerequisites

When looking to earn either a DNP or Ph.D., most programs require applicants to have similar prerequisites. Institutions often look for candidates who have attained an undergraduate degree, are actively able to practice nursing, and can meet certain academic requirements.

How to Earn a DNP

To apply for a DNP degree program, candidates need a BSN or master of science in nursing (MSN) from an accredited institution, a GPA of at least 3.0, and an active nursing license.

Once enrolled, students can choose an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) role such as clinical nurse practitioner (CNP), clinical nurse specialist (CNS), certified nurse-midwife (CNM), or certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA).

CNPs and CNSs then choose a population focus (i.e., neonatal, pediatrics, womens health, psychiatric-mental health). DNP candidates often focus on a research or capstone project throughout their entire program.

The program can last 2-4 years, and full-time students are able to earn their degree faster than their part-time counterparts. Students participate in courses on informatics, health policy, healthcare delivery systems, evidence-based practice, and project management.

Learners must also complete a total of 1,000 clinical hours, 500 of which can stem from a previous masters program that resulted in national certification. Learners with previous hours may become more common as some programs, like CRNA, transition from MSN to DNP-only.

How to Earn a Ph.D. in Nursing

To get accepted to a Ph.D. program, candidates need a BSN or MSN from an accredited program, a 3.0 to 3.5 minimum GPA, and an active nursing license. Applicants must also provide a CV or resume, professional references, and a personal statement.

The length of a Ph.D. program ranges from 4-6 years depending on the status of the student (full-time vs. part-time). The curriculum revolves around theory, analysis, and statistics, with students taking classes in grant writing, research design, and research methods. Since their work takes place within education and research, Ph.D. candidates are not required to complete clinical hours.

Upon program completion, DNP and Ph.D. graduates may benefit from a higher earning potential. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects a steady need over the next decade for nurses with advanced training.

Ultimately, degree type, specialization, and population focus dictate the average annual salary and the type of demand nurses should anticipate.

$107,000 Average Annual DNP Salary

$99,000 Average Annual Ph.D. in Nursing Salary

DNP in Nursing Salary and Career Outlook

While the average salary of nurses with DNPs is approximately $107,000, their chosen specialization impacts their earning potential and demand. DNP-holders working a CRNAs average $164,340 per year, according to July 2022 Payscale data, while those who work in pediatrics earn $92,030 .

Not only do CRNAs earn the highest average salary, but they are also one of the most in-demand specializations; the BLS projects a job growth rate of 45%, significantly higher than the 9% average for all other professions.

Another main factor that influences DNP earning potential is years of experience. Entry-level nurses earn an average annual salary of approximately $87,000 , according to July 2022 Payscale data. Whereas those with more than 20 years of experience can earn upwards of $187,000 depending upon the specialization.

Ph.D. in Nursing Salary and Career Outlook

Much like nurses with a DNP, the salary of one with a Ph.D. varies based on focus. According to the BLS , nurse educators with a Ph.D. can receive upwards of $125,930 annually.

While all nurses with advanced degrees continue to be in demand, Ph.D. graduates who choose to become educators can especially benefit from this need. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing , nursing schools had to turn away over 80,000 qualified applicants in 2019 due to the shortage of educators.

Many states are looking to provide incentives to nurses who choose to become educators, thereby increasing the benefit of selecting this role.

DNP vs. Ph.D. in Nursing: Which Degree is Right For Me?

Deciding which degree works best depends upon a nurse’s personal and professional goals. The degrees lead nurses down two fairly distinct paths – one clinical and one research-oriented.

DNP and Ph.D. graduates are both in high demand and have above-average earning potential. The degrees differ in time commitment and responsibilities.

Nurses who prefer to work in a clinical capacity either directly with patients or in a nursing leadership role should pursue a DNP. Graduates often find themselves in a variety of clinical settings, such as hospitals, specialty practices, or public health offices.

Learners more interested in preparing future nurses or conducting research that aids in the development of new and effective nursing methods should pursue a Ph.D. Nurse Ph.D. graduates often use their expertise in settings such as colleges and universities, research facilities, medical laboratories, and government agencies.

Related Pages

Why Get a Doctorate in Nursing (DNP)?

Graduating with a doctoral degree in nursing can advance careers, increase salaries, and lead to rewarding jobs. Learn why and how to become a DNP.

Online DNP Programs of 2024

Explore the top online DNP programs. Learn about on-campus requirements, accreditation, cost, and program length while choosing your next career step.

Types of Nursing Degrees and Levels

Learn about the types of nursing degrees available and how to launch your career in this field. Explore in-demand job opportunities and earning potential.

Page last reviewed: May 6, 2022

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Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing (PhD)

Our goal is to develop scholars of the discipline of nursing capable of building a program of research that advances nursing knowledge and contributes to the health of individuals, families, and communities.

About the Program

The penn advantage.

Home to some of the most forward-thinking scholars and researchers in the world, Penn offers the opportunity to work alongside faculty who are actively shaping the future of nursing science and healthcare. Our networks and longstanding clinical and community partnerships throughout greater Philadelphia and beyond provide uncommon access to research and practice resources.

Program Information

Program Length

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Start Semester

Learning Format

Program Details

The program consists of seven core courses, two statistics sequence courses, and five concentration courses; each course is worth one course unit, or CU. Students will take three to four courses each fall and spring semester. Most students complete their coursework within three to four years and then will be on dissertation status until the final dissertation defense.

Click the link below to view the curriculum for this program in the University catalog or download a sample plan of study .

View the curriculum

Requirements

Minimum qualifications for the program.

BSN and MSN or Master’s degree in the field of Nursing.

Application Deadlines

Fall 2024 enrollment.

Deadline: December 1, 2023 Latest Decision Notification: mid-February

*Dates subject to change without notice.

Costs & Tuition

We are committed to assisting all full-time PhD students for four years of tuition, fees, living stipend, and health insurance. You may be funded internally or externally, depending on the options available. The doctoral program leadership will determine which funding is most appropriate for all incoming students. Students who choose part-time enrollment are responsible for paying for their own tuition, fees, and health insurance. Learn more about financial aid for PhD students .

The charts below outline costs based on the school year. For full-time doctoral students, after the first five years the reduced rate is charged until the Doctorate degree is awarded, or for a maximum of five additional years.

Full-Time: Fall 2023 & Spring 2024

Part-time per cu: fall 2023 & spring 2024, doctoral reduced rate: fall 2023 & spring 2024, program outcomes.

Our doctoral graduates go on to take coveted leadership roles in academia, healthcare, government, and related fields, and are integral to the growth of our profession.

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How Penn Nursing’s PhD program is the key to unlocking innovative and equity-focused care and policy.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a phd and a dnp.

• Prepares nurse scientists to conduct research, develop the scholarship needed to advance the body of nursing knowledge, guide the practice of nursing, assume leadership in nursing and health care organizations, and participate in the development of social and health policy
• Methods and theories used to guide research
• Grant writing skills
• Technology used in research
• Statistical & other analytical methods
• Research traditions & methodologies
• Faculty role development
• Cognate areas of interest to guide research
• Clinical Requirements – No
• Research Requirements - Faculty guided research residency hours working on an established research project(s) to hone selected research skills
• Final Product - Original research project that makes a significant contribution to the science of nursing
• Academic faculty position which includes research, education, and service roles
• Research Scientist for healthcare organizations, industry or government agencies
• Principal Investigator on extramural research grants
• Leadership positions in health organizations, industry and government agencies
• Government advisor on health policy
• Purpose - Prepares expert clinical scholars to perform direct clinical practice, translate, disseminate and integrate evidence-based research into clinical practice and improve quality of health outcomes for individuals, populations and systems.
• Advanced clinical practice
• Clinical scholarship skills
• Technology used in practice
• Analysis of clinical outcomes
• Evidence-based practice
• Leadership role development
• Rural and underserved populations
• Clinical Requirements - No
• Research Requirements – No
• Final Product – Project based
• APRN in a variety of healthcare settings
• Academic faculty position which includes practice, education, and service roles
• Leadership positions in health care organizations, industry, government agencies
• Evidence-based Practice Coordinator
• Outcomes Manager
• Magnet Coordinator
• Quality Improvement Director

How many are accepted to the PhD program at Penn Nursing?

Approximately 6-12 applicants are accepted each year.

How can I get more information on the research faculty are doing for my application?

Please find our faculty’s research interests here .

Can I reach out to faculty for more information?

Yes, you are encouraged to reach out to faculty who align with your research interests and may be a good mentor during your PhD program. The PhD application is about looking at faculty’s research interests and how they align with yours. In your application, you should highlight these connections.

Is there a clinical component?

Is there an admissions interview.

Competitive applicants will be invited to interview.

When does the PhD program start?

The PhD program starts in the fall semester, and it typically takes 3-5 years to complete the program.

If I am an international applicant with an international RN license, can I still apply to the PhD program?

Yes, you may apply to the PhD program with an international RN license. The license must be valid at time of application.

Ready to take the next step?

See yourself here.

College of Nursing: PhD in Nursing

• College of Nursing
• Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)
• Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)
• Doctor of Nursing Practice
• PhD in Nursing

Learning Outcomes

Minimum degree requirements, core curriculum, focus areas (15 credits), completion of the doctoral capstone, residency requirements, course sequence.

• Doctoral Writing Assessment

8-Year Maximum Time Frame

• Post-Master’s Certificate in Adult Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner
• Post-Master’s Certificate in Adult Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner
• Post-Master’s Certificate in Family Nurse Practitioner
• Post-Master’s Certificate in Nurse Executive
• Post-Master’s Certificate in Nursing Education
• Post-Master’s Certificate in Nursing Informatics
• Post-Master’s Certificate in Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Primary Care
• Post-Master’s Certificate in Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner

Program Website  

The PhD in Nursing program prepares nursing professionals for advanced careers in nursing research, practice, and education. With a focus on readying students to contribute to nursing science, advance knowledge in nursing practice, and improve healthcare services, practices, and policies, course topics include: research methods, theoretical and scientific perspectives in nursing, strengthen scholarly writing skills, enhance critical analysis of the literature advanced quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research design; quality improvement systems and leadership which culminates in the dissertation. The doctoral dissertation enables students to conduct and publish original research that contributes to the body of knowledge in their chosen specialty. Based on their educational and career goals, students will choose from among five focus areas: Nursing Education, Healthcare Administration, Interdisciplinary Health, Leadership, and Population Health.

Graduates of this program will be prepared to:

• Conduct research to generate findings that advance the knowledge and practice of nursing.
• Demonstrate advanced competency in research design and methodology to address social problems and needs.
• Engage in scientific inquiry that advances the knowledge base of research and practice in the profession.
• Evaluate the role of research and scholarship in the field of nursing in relation to its role in improving health interventions and advancing the development of related theory.
• Demonstrate leadership by generating new knowledge that promotes positive social change and addresses the social determinants of health.
• Contribute to the science of nursing through social change and social policy initiatives.
• Apply ethical decision making and values to the profession.
• Advocate for policies and programs that improve health outcomes by addressing the social determinants of health among culturally diverse populations.
• Demonstrate professional communication that supports the discipline and practice of nursing.
• Demonstrate the ability to act as a role model and mentor to others who wish to pursue the profession (stewardship).

The PhD in Nursing offers three entry options: BSN-PhD, Master's-PhD, and DNP to PhD Bridge Option. See specialization pages for details on minimum required credits by specialization and entry option.

• Foundation course (1 credits)
• Core courses (45 credits or 20 credits, depending upon BSN-PhD or Master's-PhD/DNP Bridge entry option)
• Research courses (20 credits)
• Doctoral Seminar (5 quarter credits)
• Focus area courses (15 credits)
• Dissertation (minimum 20 quarter credits, taken continuously until completion of the dissertation)
• Doctoral Writing Assessment (0 credits)
• Four PhD residencies

BSN-PhD entry:  This entry option is for registered nurses (RN) who have earned their bachelor’s in nursing degree.

Master's-PhD entry:  This entry option is for registered nurses (RN) who have earned their master’s in nursing degree or a bachelor’s degree in nursing and a master’s degree in a business or non-nursing health related field.

DNP-PhD entry:  This entry option is for registered nurses (RN) who have earned their doctor of nursing practice degree.

Foundation Course (1 credits)

Core courses (45 credits or 20 credits), bsn-phd entry students take 45 credits of core courses. see each focus area for msn level core course information..

20 credits of MSN level core courses based on the focus area

• Students may take this as a non-degree course.

Master's-PhD and DNP Bridge entry students take 20 credits of core courses.

Research courses (20 credits), foundation research courses (15 credits), advanced research course (5 credits).

• Students may take this a non-degree course.

Doctoral Seminar (5 credits)

See each focus area for course information.

Bridge Option for Students With a DNP

Focus area in healthcare administration, focus area in interdisciplinary health focus, focus area in leadership, focus area in nursing education, focus area in population health.

Students take this course for a minimum of four quarters and are continuously enrolled until completion of their dissertation with final chief academic officer (CAO) approval.

To complete a doctoral dissertation, students must obtain the academic approval of several independent evaluators including their committee, the University Research Reviewer, and the Institutional Review Board; pass the Form and Style Review; gain approval at the oral defense stage; and gain final approval by the chief academic officer. Students must also publish their dissertation on ProQuest before their degree is conferred. Learn more about the dissertation process in the  Dissertation Guidebook .

• Complete Residency 1 as soon as you begin your program ; required in order to advance into RSCH 8110.
• Complete Residency 2 prior to entering NURS 8750.
• Complete Residency 3 prior to entering NURS 9000.
• Residency 4 General  (RESI 8404) OR
• Residency 4 Proposal Writing  (RESI 8404Q) OR
• Residency 4 Methods & Data Collection: Qualitative  (RESI 8404R) OR
• Residency 4 Methods & Data Collection: Quantitative  (RESI 8404S) OR
• Residency 4 Publishing & Presenting  (RESI 8404T) OR
• a  dissertation intensive  (DRWI 8500). Contact Student Success Advising to register. 
• Optional:  Complete a PhD  dissertation intensive  retreat (DRWI 8500) during your dissertation (in lieu of residency 4). Contact Student Success Advising to register.
• BSN-PhD Entry
• Master's-PhD Entry

Bridge Option for Students with a DNP

Bsn-phd entry course sequence.

The BSN-PhD entry course sequence is as follows.

Master's-PhD Entry Course Sequence

The Master's-PhD entry course sequence is as follows.

Students who start or readmit to doctoral programs at Walden University in the university catalog for academic year 2017 or later will complete the university’s required  doctoral writing assessment . Designed to evaluate incoming doctoral students’ writing skills, this assessment aims to help prepare incoming doctoral students to meet the university’s expectations for writing at the doctoral level.

Students have up to 8 years to complete their doctoral degree requirements (see  Enrollment Requirements  in the student handbook). Students may petition to extend the 8-year maximum time frame, but an extension is not guaranteed.

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PhD Admissions

Admission Requirements

A baccalaureate or master’s degree in nursing from a U.S. program accredited by the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) or the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) or an international program with commensurate standards is required for admission to the PhD Program in Nursing.

Post-baccalaureate Students

Applicants with a baccalaureate degree in nursing must demonstrate exceptional academic qualifications, have clear research-oriented career goals, and choose a dissertation topic congruent with the research program of a Graduate Faculty member in the School of Nursing. Applicants with baccalaureate degrees must complete a nursing research and a graduate-level statistics course.

Applying for Admission

The following admission materials must be submitted online to the  Duke University Graduate School . Prospective applicants should familiarize themselves with the Graduate School requirements.

Official, confidential transcript(s) of all college-level coursework.

Optional GRE (Graduate Record Examination) scores - Applicants can submit GRE scores should they feel the scores enhance their application. [Taken within the past 5 years]. For a free online GRE guide, see  http://www.greguide.com / . For free online GRE practice tests, see  http://www.greguide.com/gre-practice-tests.html . Or visit Go Grad for the GRE Guidebook .

Three letters of recommendation. These letters should be solicited from individuals with doctoral degrees who can address the applicant’s academic abilities and potential for doctoral study.

English language proficiency test scores. Foreign graduates must submit either the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or the International Language Testing System (IELTS) accepted, but IELTS is preferred.

Personal Statement. Applicants should submit a paper (1 - 2 typed pages, 12-point font, single-spaced) indicating:

Purposes and objectives for undertaking graduate study

Research interests and career goals

Strengths and weaknesses in the chosen field

A description of a prior research project or research participation and how this has influenced career choice and desire to pursue graduate studies

Reasons for choosing Duke for PhD studies

Name(s) of PhD Nursing faculty members in the School whose research program most closely fits with the applicant’s research interests.

The application and the $95 application fee must be received by December 1.

Holistic Admissions

The Duke University School of Nursing PhD Program is committed to holistic admissions. A holistic review is a university admissions strategy that assesses an applicant’s unique experiences alongside traditional measures of academic achievement such as grades and test scores. It is designed to help universities consider a broad range of factors reflecting the applicant’s academic readiness, contribution to the incoming class, and potential for success both in school and later as a professional.

Holistic review, when used in combination with a variety of other mission-based practices, constitutes a holistic admission process. Many colleges and universities have employed a holistic admission process to assemble a diverse class of students with the background, qualities, and skills needed for success in the profession.

As part of the Duke University School of Nursing PhD Program holistic review process, faculty review principles of holistic admissions prior to reviewing applications. The PhD Program Admissions Committee utilizes an adapted version of the Duke University Center for Exemplary Mentoring holistic admissions review rubric to guide the evaluation of each applicant.

Personal Interview

Applicants may be asked to interview by Zoom or come to campus for an interview. The School covers the costs for campus interview travel except for international travel. International applicants are interviewed via Zoom.

Duke University's Annual Clery Security Report as Mandated by Federal Statute 20 USC § 1092

The Annual Security Report and Annual Fire Safety Report include institutional policies concerning campus safety and security, as well as statistics for the previous three years concerning reported crimes that occurred on Duke University property and on public property adjacent to campus and fires that have occurred in residence halls. A copy of this Report can be obtained by contacting the Duke Police Department at 684-4602 or writing to 502 Oregon Street, Durham, NC 27708, or by accessing:  duke.edu/police/news_stats/clery

Technology Requirements

Learn more on recommended computer specifications and Duke Office of Information Technology-supported software here .

Students with Disabilities: Duke University encourages persons with disabilities to participate in its programs and activities. If you anticipate needing any type of accommodation or have questions about the physical access provided, please get in touch with the Duke Student Disability Access Office  in advance of your participation or visit.

Nursing License

Students must hold a valid current nursing license in a U.S. state, preferably North Carolina. To obtain information about nurse licensure procedures for the State of North Carolina, consult the  Licensure/Listing Page of the North Carolina Board of Nursing website , or telephone the North Carolina Board of Nursing at (919) 782-3211. Exceptions to holding a U.S state nursing license for international students can be waived by the PhD Program Director.

All PhD in Nursing applicants are required to have a baccalaureate or master’s degree in nursing accredited by either the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) or the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE), or an international nursing program with commensurate standards.

Applicants are expected to have completed a graduate-level statistics course prior to starting the program. This course must have been completed within the last 5 years.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

PhD Program Overview

Application Deadline: November 1  Application Available: September 1  Program Start: Fall, once a year only  Length of Program: 4 years full-time  Degree Awarded: Doctor of Philosophy  Part-Time Study: YES  Distance Learning: Not at this time

Ranked #1 in Best Value PhD in Nursing Programs

( Value Colleges 2016 )

About the PhD

The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing Doctoral program prepares students to become researchers and to assume advanced leadership roles in nursing and health care delivery. A combination of conceptual approaches, challenging interactions in seminar discussions, and work with active researchers produces a stimulating environment for scholarly development.

Each student selects a focus area based on their nursing background, interests, and goals. The focus area provides a broad structure for the student's individualized course of study. Courses from nursing and from non-nursing disciplines offer options for tailoring the program of study to a student's particular focus area. The program is designed to help students identify a dissertation topic, apply for research funding, and begin a lifelong research career.

PhD Resources

Objectives for the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD and AE PhD) Program

The graduate of the PhD program in nursing is expected to:

• Conduct research to advance knowledge and practice in nursing and healthcare.
• Develop, test, and refine theories for nursing and healthcare.
• Participate as a scholar in the advancement of theoretical, ethical, and practice aspects of nursing and healthcare.
• Participate as a scholar in transdisciplinary teams to advance the science of nursing and healthcare.
• Assume leadership roles in practice, education, and policy arenas to promote high quality and innovative health care, especially in underserved populations.
• Accept responsibility and accountability for disseminating knowledge.

Program requirements for the PhD in Nursing include core courses and other courses to ensure preparation in a focused area of study. The PhD program prepares nurse researchers to make significant contributions to nursing knowledge and nursing practice through ongoing scientific inquiry and the dissemination of research findings.

Degree Plans (All files are in PDF format.)

• BSN to PhD Program of Work
• BSN to PhD Sample Schedule
• PhD Program of Work
• PhD Sample Schedule

There are various avenues for support during the doctoral program. Every student who applies by the November 1 deadline and is accepted into the PhD program, will be considered for a one-year Fellowship. Those applying after the November 1 deadline may also be considered for financial support. Monetary amounts range from $7,000 - $25,000, based on admission scores and full time/part time status. Competitive continuing fellowships are available after year one, based on timely academic progression and scholarly activities. Other small scholarship opportunities (usually $1,000-$2,000) may be available yearly through the School of Nursing. Doctoral students may work as Research Assistants, Teaching Assistants, and Assistant Instructors. These appointments have tuition and benefits assistance based on appointment hours/week.

Additionally, US citizen and permanent resident doctoral students can apply to the Nurse Faculty Loan Program (NFLP) . The NFLP is a loan-cancellation program funded by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Bureau of Health Professions. This program allows nursing schools to provide financial loans to students enrolled in advanced degree nursing programs and who intend to teach in a nursing program after graduation. This is not a need-based loan program; however, students must complete a FAFSA. For more information, visit UT Financial and Administrative Services - Nursing Faculty Loan Services page.

• UT Austin offers unique opportunities for interdisciplinary study ( doctoral portfolio programs ) in fields such as gerontology, Mexican American studies, and women's studies.
• Internationally recognized nursing faculty with over $10 million in NIH research funding.
• Nursing faculty at UT Austin have diverse backgrounds in preparation and experience.
• Thirteen of the current 26 graduate nursing faculty are Fellows in the prestigious American Academy of Nursing.
• The doctoral program emphasizes development of a sound foundation in nursing science.
• Participation in faculty research projects is an integral part of the doctoral program.

All students interested in applying for graduate study in Nursing at the University of Texas at Austin must meet the admission requirements established by the University’s Graduate School and the School of Nursing. Applicants are expected to be graduates of accredited colleges or universities. Below are the minimum requirements for admission.

• Degree: A bachelor's or a master's degree in nursing from an acceptable accredited program or a comparable degree from a foreign academic institution.
• GPA : 3.0 (on a 4.0 scale) or comparable GPA in upper-division work (junior- and senior- level courses) and in any graduate work complete.
• Recommendations : 3 required
• Statement of Purpose
• Curriculum Vitae/resume
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Getting Your Ph.D. in Nursing

Becoming a ph.d. nurse, what does a ph.d. nurse do, ph.d. nurse salary & employment, ph.d. vs. dnp in nursing, helpful organizations, societies, and agencies, what is a ph.d. nurse.

A Ph.D. nurse is one who has completed a Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing degree. A Ph.D., or doctoral degree, is the highest level of education a nurse can achieve. Different from a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree, which focuses on advanced clinical practice, a Ph.D. in Nursing program is a research and science-focused degree that prepares nurses for careers conducting important medical research that will advance the entire nursing profession and for teaching nursing at the college level.

In order to become a Ph.D. nurse, of course, nurses must complete a Ph.D. in nursing program, which generally takes 4 to 6 years to finish. An aspiring Ph.D. nurse must have a strong interest in conducting medical research and/or teaching future nurses. Strong leadership skills are also important, as many Ph.D. nurses go on to supervise and mentor other nurses, whether they work in scientific research, management, or teaching capacity.

What Are the Educational Requirements For a Ph.D. Nurse Program?

A Ph.D. in Nursing program is known as a terminal degree, meaning it is the highest level of education for the nursing profession (in addition to the DNP degree, another separate nursing doctorate program track). Prior to entering a Ph.D. program, nurses must complete a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree and pass the NCLEX-RN exam. In some cases, applicants to a Ph.D. in Nursing program must also complete a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree, which provides advanced education in nursing practice with courses in pharmacology, pathophysiology, and clinical practice.

Educational Prerequisites

Specific requirements to complete a Ph.D. in Nursing program will vary slightly from school to school. Schools offer Ph.D. in Nursing programs in traditional classroom formats, as well as online and hybrid styles that combine in-person study with online coursework. In addition to a variety of formats for Ph.D. in Nursing programs, students can also sometimes opt to take these programs on a full-time or part-time basis to suit their personal schedules.

The curriculum for a Ph.D. in Nursing program is research-focused, with coursework in advanced scientific research principles, data analysis, and statistical measurement. Ph.D. programs generally culminate in a dissertation and original research project. As an example of Ph.D. curriculum, below is a selection of courses offered by the Medical University of South Carolina as part of their online Ph.D. in Nursing Science program:

• Advanced Quantitative Research Methods
• Qualitative Research Methods
• Advanced Statistical Methods for Nursing Research
• Advanced Study Design and Methods
• Advanced Health Policy & Advocacy
• Research Team Leadership

A Ph.D. nurse conducts scientific research that advances the nursing profession. The knowledge that Ph.D. nurses gather and present as a part of their scientific research powers positive change in the quality of patient care and outcomes in the entire nursing field. In addition to their role as nurse scientists, Ph.D. nurses also teach and mentor nurses at the college/university level, working to shape the next generation of nurses.

What Are the Roles and Duties of a Ph.D. Nurse?

The majority of Ph.D. nurses pursue careers in either the research or teaching fields, so their day-to-day duties will vary depending on which career track they have chosen.

For a nurse researcher , typical duties may include:

• Identify research questions, and design and conduct scientific research in partnership with other scientists from various fields
• Collect and analyze scientific data and publish reports detailing findings
• Write proposals and apply for grants to help fund their research
• Establish and maintain quality assurance programs to ensure the validity of their data findings
• Train and supervise laboratory staff and other nurses or scientists

For a Ph.D.  nurse educator who has chosen to pursue a faculty position, typical duties may include:

• Plan, prepare, and revise curriculum and study materials for nursing courses
• Deliver lectures to undergraduate and graduate level nursing students
• Supervise students' laboratory and clinical work
• Grade students' classwork, laboratory, and clinical performance
• Mentor and advise students regarding their future work in the nursing industry

For faculty members who pursue department chair or administration roles, additional duties may include:

• Hire, supervise and conduct performance reviews of faculty members
• Assist with the scheduling of classes and professors
• Oversee department curriculum and provide quality control as to the content and materials of given nursing courses

Workplace Settings

A Ph.D. nurse can work in a variety of settings, depending on the career path he or she has chosen. A Ph.D. nurse may find employment at a hospital, medical laboratory, research facility, or university as a research scientist, or may work at a nursing school, college, or university as a faculty member or department chair. In some cases, a Ph.D. nurse may also work as a public health nurse in a government setting, helping to develop research-based solutions to public health issues.

Salaries for Ph.D. nurses vary based on the type of employment a nurse seeks after graduation. Nurse researchers, a primary career path for Ph.D. nurses, can expect a median salary of $90,000 according to Payscale.com. For Ph.D. nurses who pursue a teaching position, the median annual wage for post-secondary nursing instructors is $77,440 according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics as of May 2021. Geographical location, career length, and experience level are all factors that can influence a Ph.D. nurse's annual salary.

The nursing profession as a whole has a particularly bright employment outlook, with the employment of registered nurses projected to grow 9 percent from 2020 to 2030 according to the BLS. In addition, a large number of healthcare facilities are looking for nursing professionals with higher degrees, which means the demand for Ph.D. and DNP level nurses will continue to grow. In fact, the Institute of Medicine 's 2015 "The Future of Nursing Report" emphasized the need for more Ph.D. level nurses.

As there are two doctorate-level nursing program types to choose from, there may be some confusion as to the differences between a Ph.D. nursing program and a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree. The primary difference between the two programs relates to nurses' career aspirations. A DNP program trains nurses to perform the highest level of nursing practice and to translate research into high-quality patient care, while a Ph.D. program prepares nurses to conduct cutting-edge research that will advance the science of nursing and patient care. In addition to research positions, a Ph.D. program prepares nurses for leadership and teaching positions at hospitals and colleges/universities. To simplify, a DNP is a nursing practice doctorate degree, while a Ph.D. is a research and teaching doctorate.

Other key differences between DNP and Ph.D. programs are curriculum and program length. A typical DNP program includes courses on advanced nursing practice, leadership, and management topics and requires patient care clinical hours as well as a final capstone project. A Ph.D. program includes coursework on research methodologies, data analysis, and healthcare leadership and policy, and requires students to complete original research and a dissertation. In general, a Ph.D. program takes longer to complete than a DNP program, with Ph.D. programs taking an average of 4 to 6 years to complete and a DNP program taking 3 to 4 years, but can be completed in as little as 2 years depending on the school and program chosen.

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Is earning a Ph.D. in nursing worth it? MCN faculty say yes.

• Author By Bryanna Tidmarsh
• March 26, 2021

It’s a story every nurse knows: the need for nurses is growing. Worldwide, health care faces growing nursing provider and educator shortages. One of the most important ways nurses can address this dire need is by earning a Ph.D. in nursing. 

Only 13% of nurses in the United States currently hold a graduate degree. Fewer than 1 percent hold a doctorate. That means that just 13 percent of the nursing workforce is eligible to become nursing faculty at all, and less than 1 percent is eligible to teach at the highest level.

A Ph.D. prepares nurses to be experts in their field and to pursue a research-focused career. We need more PhD-prepared nurses now more than ever: to educate future nurses, to lead nursing teams, and to develop research that improves best practices. MCN’s Ph.D. in nursing aims to uplift nurses in their profession, preparing them to take on leadership roles and perform cutting edge research that shapes the health care landscape. 

Who should consider a Ph.D. in nursing?

In short: everyone. Nursing is one of many fields in health care that are moving towards requiring masters and doctorate-level education. 

Designed for those who want to focus on education and research, the doctorate of philosophy degree prepares nurse researchers with expertise in vulnerable populations. Many graduates of MCN’s Ph.D. program return to teach and conduct research, such as Dr. John Blakeman ‘20. 

Take it from Blakeman: “With a PhD, we are expected to affect the whole nursing profession: how we shape practice and policy and education.”

Is research not for you? Consider earning a doctorate in nursing practice via MCN’s DNP program .

What can I do with a Ph.D. in nursing?

The PhD-prepared nurse serves the public by designing and conducting research on relevant clinical, educational, health systems, and/or health policy topics. Following graduation, a nurse with a PhD may pursue a research career in the academic, business, government, or industrial setting. Nurses with a PhD may also serve as educators and/or administrators and develop or consult on health care policy in a variety of settings.

Become a nurse educator —in a university or on the hospital floor.

As the field works to usher in more nurses, it lacks sufficient nurses who are trained to teach them. With a Ph.D. in nursing, you will be prepared to educate nursing students or take on an education role within a health care setting, helping to train current nurses in new research and best practices. with the latest research in best practices.

With a Ph.D. in nursing, you will be prepared to review health care policy, test it, and make recommendations for federal or state regulations. An example would be to study the need for annual flu vaccinations for health care staff and whether or not requirements are evidence-based. With a Ph.D. in nursing, you will be prepared to evaluate symptoms of health issues, such as: fatigue prior to heart attacks, exercise needs of rural post-menopausal women, or pain assessment of older adults. A PhD-prepared nurse could also work with a coroner to analyze older adult falls and community recommendations to prevent future falls.

Become a nurse researcher —a critical role to keeping health care facilities up-to-date with the latest research in best practices.

Advance your career. The Ph.D. opens up career opportunities such as serving as a nurse researcher, administrator, policymaker, leader, or educator.

“With a PhD in nursing, you are better positioned to be a leader in the area of nursing education or be hired as a full-time faculty member,” says Dr. Seon Yoon Chung, Associate Dean for Academics. “The Ph.D. allows one to be part of advancing the science of nursing education by generating and applying evidence and promoting evidence-based teaching.”

In what settings will a Ph.D. in nursing be applicable?

No matter what nursing role you’re in, the knowledge and skills you gain in the Ph.D. program is applicable, including in practice, in teaching, in your research, and in administrative roles. Nurses often encounter tough questions, whether from patients, our community members, our families, or even our own interests in learning how to improve nursing practice. A Ph.D. program gives you the space to pursue topics that interest you, and it provides you with the knowledge and skills necessary to answer these questions in ways that are systematic, valid, and reliable.

One growing need for Ph.D.-prepared nurses is the rising impact big data has in health care practice. “We are now living in the era of artificial intelligence and big data. Soon, it will be necessary to know how to deal with data—that is, generate and/or use existing data to inform your practice, teaching, research, administration,” says Chung.

She emphasizes the ways in which core competencies gained from MCN’s Ph.D. program are transferable to the real world.  “The Ph.D. prepares you to be friends with data and information and understand how data-driven decisions are made. To be a leader who transforms health care and improves individual and population health, knowledge and skills acquired in a rigorous PhD program will be critical.”

How can I balance a Ph.D. program while working full-time and/or honoring my commitments to my family?

MCN’s Ph.D. program can be completed part-time, making it conducive for those balancing work, family, research, and education.

“The faculty all understood that we had full-time jobs. Most of us were either teaching, working as a nurse on the floor, or working as a clinical nurse. The faculty were able to maintain the appropriate amount of rigor and expectations while also granting students grace,” says Blakeman.

“The decision to complete a Ph.D. program is a commitment to yourself and your discipline,” affirms Melissa Moody, MCN’s academic advisor for post-licensure programs. “You may be balancing this new and exciting endeavor among many other obligations.  The key to your success will be early planning, staying organized, managing your time well, maintaining open communication with faculty and staff, and staying the course—one day at a time.”

She adds, “MCN faculty and staff are here to guide and support you on the path. We share a common goal: we want to see you succeed.”

MCN’s PhD program offers a professional, efficient, supportive environment. With both online and in-person requirements, the coursework is designed to work around nurses’ busy schedules with work and family. In MCN’s program, the coursework and research projects are customized around the needs and interests of our Ph.D. students.

Students also benefit from the expertise of MCN’s faculty. From advisement to knowledge of current research in the field, our faculty provides individualized attention for each student in the program.

Dr. Kim Astroth notes how important it is to MCN faculty that they give their students the time and attention. “It’s what sets MCN apart,” says Astroth. “Our faculty are attentive, flexible, and giving, working to empower our students. And our students are prepared to create high quality work as a result.”

Blakeman agrees. “I wasn’t just one number in a large group of people,” he says. “The faculty really knew us and cared about our personal lives—and so did our classmates. There was a close sense of community.”

So, is the Ph.D. in nursing worth it?

A Ph.D. program gives nurses the opportunity to pursue their research and make a difference in the health care landscape. MCN’s Ph.D. program is flexible in order to serve the needs of working nurses with busy lives while still providing the rigorous training necessary to becoming an expert. Nurses with Ph.D.s are prepared to make a huge difference in their communities, in their workplaces, and in the larger landscape of health care.

“A Ph.D. opens doors to a wide variety of practice areas,” says Associate Dean of Research Mary Dyck. “I’ve had the opportunity to chair a board of directors at a retirement community where I impacted the care for all of the residents. I’ve testified as a legal expert on quality of care. And I’ve worked with students as they’ve implemented major projects in health care institutions in the area. The Ph.D. allows nurses to have a much broader impact on the quality of care.”

Ph.D.-prepared nurses help shape health care policy and practice, and they are crucial to addressing the nursing shortage. We need nurse leaders to rise to the challenge and meet this call. 

At MCN, we ask: why not you?

MCN is providing leadership in nursing. Learn more.

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Doctorate of Nursing Practice (DNP) Degree: The Ultimate Guide

• Last Updated: January 24, 2024

If you’re interested in having a positive impact on patient outcomes or making policy changes as a hands-on nursing leader, the DNP (Doctorate of Nursing Practice) is an essential qualification.

The DNP, along with the PhD, is the highest level of nursing education you can attain. The degree prepares you for a variety of positions in both leadership and administration and direct patient care.

Whether you’re looking for a nursing role with more responsibility and a higher salary, or you’re simply passionate about having a big impact on the healthcare facility you work at, you should definitely consider going for your DNP.

In this article, we’ll cover everything you need to know about the Doctorate of Nursing Practice to help you decide if it’s the right educational pathway for you.

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A DNP, or Doctorate of Nursing Practice , is a terminal-level nursing degree.

Terminal level degrees are the highest level of education, so a DNP is the most advanced nursing education you can get. 

While there are other types of terminal nursing degrees, like the PhD, a DNP is a practice-focused pathway designed to prepare students for leadership positions in a clinical setting.

With a DNP, you’re able to take on nursing roles in which you’re responsible for implementing changes to improve patient outcomes and organizational policies. 

Additionally, many DNP-educated nurses practice as Nurse Practitioners. Better yet, they can practice with a greater degree of autonomy than their BSN- and MSN-educated counterparts, and they even play a key role in filling gaps left by nursing and physician shortages.

A DNP-educated professional is a nurse, not a medical doctor. 

While nurses with a DNP can take on more advanced responsibilities and leadership positions than their ADN-, BSN-, and MSN-educated counterparts, their scope of practice falls outside that of a medical doctor.

However, DNP nurses and nurse leaders are still a critical part of any healthcare facility and play a key role in improving patient outcomes.

DNP nurses typically fulfill at least one of the following responsibilities: leadership and administration or direct patient care.

When it comes to leadership and administration, DNP roles can include:

• Nurse managers
• Organizational or executive leadership
• Health policy
• Health informatics

With direct patient care, their roles may include:

• Nurse Midwives
• Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists
• Nurse Practitioners

While not every position listed above requires a DNP degree, many of them do. Additionally, a DNP will better prepare you for any of these positions by giving you the leadership knowledge and tools you need to be successful.

Why Get A DNP Degree?

Entering a Doctorate of Nursing Practice degree program can be a big time and financial commitment, so it’s key that you’re aware of why you’re going for your degree.

The following are some of the key reasons to consider earning your DNP.

While the average salary for a BSN-educated nurse is $80,010, the average salary for a Nurse Practitioner is $118,040.

While it’s true that you only need an MSN to become a Nurse Practitioner, earning your DNP prepares you to practice with an even greater amount of autonomy. Additionally, DNP Nurse Practitioners will tend to earn above the average salary for an NP, while MSN NPs will more likely make less than the average.

A DNP also provides you the educational foundation for executive-level positions.

For example, if you’d like to become a Chief Nursing Officer (CNO), you’ll need to get a terminal degree. The average salary for a Chief Nursing Officer in the United States is $248,610 per year, far surpassing the average for RNs and NPs.

Since there’s a projected shortage of both nurses and physicians in the coming years, DNP nurses may be able to fill the gaps between the two.

Additionally, education requirements at hospitals are steadily becoming more intense. For example, CRNAs will require a doctorate-level degree by 2025.

By earning your DNP, you won’t have to worry about shifts in educational requirements. It will also help you stand out from MSN-educated nurses applying to advanced nursing positions.

By enrolling in a DNP program, you’ll learn how to translate theories and research into actionable policies to improve patient experiences and outcomes.

Unlike a PhD nursing program, this practice-focused degree concentrates more on how to implement research, as opposed to conducting the research itself. If you’re more interested in academia and developing theories, a Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing degree may be a better option for you.

However, if you want to put theory into practice and work in a more traditional healthcare setting, a DNP is definitely the way to go.

As we’ve mentioned a few times, a Doctorate of Nursing Practice prepares students to take on leadership positions at healthcare facilities. DNP-educated NPs can practice with more autonomy, while others with this degree may take on executive-level leadership positions.

While this additional responsibility may seem a little overwhelming at first, it does come with added benefits, like a higher salary and job security.

More responsibility also means you can make a bigger impact on the lives of patients and your fellow nurses. If you care about having a positive influence on your healthcare facility, earning your DNP will be essential.

One more reason to consider earning your DNP is that most programs are designed with working nurses in mind. This gives you the option to complete your degree on a flexible schedule.

Many schools now offer online DNP programs, meaning you can learn where and when you want.

Finally, these online programs also tend to be less costly than traditional, on-campus degree programs, making them a more time- and cost-efficient way to get your degree.

How To Get Your DNP Degree

There are several different routes you can take to earn your Doctorate of Nursing Practice degree depending on your current level of education and nursing experience.

Below, we detail how to earn your DNP starting from zero experience.

The first step in obtaining your DNP is to become a Registered Nurse.

While the minimum requirement to become an RN is an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN), we recommend you go for your Bachelor’s of Science in Nursing (BSN) . Not only does a BSN make you more employable as a nurse, but it also sets the academic foundation that will be key to your success in advanced degree programs.

There are tons of BSN programs you can choose from, but we recommend checking out our rankings of the best online BSN programs to get started.

Once you complete your BSN program, you’ll be able to take the NCLEX. If you pass, you’ll officially be a Registered Nurse.

After becoming a Registered Nurse, you’ll be eligible to apply to nursing positions at healthcare facilities. 

While some students may opt to skip this step and go straight for their Master’s of Science in Nursing (MSN) , we recommend getting some hands-on experience as a nurse first. Better yet, you can earn your MSN online while you work as an RN.

This allows you to get a feel for the day-to-day lives of most RNs. If you hope to take on an executive leadership position down the road, it’s key that you understand the roles and responsibilities of nurses at all levels. 

While there are some BSN-to-DNP programs available, most aspiring DNP students earn their MSN after completing their BSN and gaining some experience as an RN.

Fortunately, like many DNP programs, there are lots of affordable and flexible online MSN programs . The MSN prepares students to take on a number of advanced nursing roles, like Nurse Practitioners or Nurse Administrators.

Additionally, the MSN sets the academic groundwork for getting a terminal nursing degree.

However, if you want to attain the highest positions possible, like Chief Nursing Officer, you’ll need to eventually go for your DNP.

Finally, once you’ve earned your MSN degree, you’re ready to begin applying to Doctorate of Nursing Practice programs.

To enroll in a program, you’ll want to carefully research universities and program offerings. As we mentioned before, many programs offer flexible scheduling, allowing you to work while you complete your degree.

If you want to get your degree in the quickest and most flexible way possible, we recommend you look into online DNP programs.

Finally, you need to complete your DNP coursework to earn your degree. Once you do this, you’ll have the educational and practical foundation to take on the most advanced roles in the field of nursing.

It typically takes anywhere from one to three years to earn your DNP degree. This usually requires around 33 to 43 credits in addition to 500 hours of clinical practicum.

For those enrolled in a full-time program, it usually takes about one to two years. If you’re enrolled in a part-time program, it will likely take two to three years.

The exact number of credits and time required to earn your degree depends on which school and speciality you decide to pursue. It’s key to research these programs so you know exactly what to expect.

While DNP admission requirements vary from school to school, there are a few standard prerequisites to keep in mind. For example, you almost certainly need:

• A prior nursing degree
• RN licensure
• English proficiency
• Practice experience
• An updated resume

Additionally, some schools may have more requirements. For example, UCSF School of Nursing’s admission requirements also include:

• At least one year of experience as an APRN
• A goal statement
• Three letters of recommendation
• An application fee
• Completion of a college-level statistics course

Some schools may also require that you provide them with GRE scores.

Since admission requirements are different for each school, it’s critical that you do some research before applying to any program.

Like admission requirements, the Doctorate of Nursing Practice curriculum will vary from school to school. However, most programs should provide you all the knowledge you need to achieve your goals.

To give you an idea of the types of courses you may complete over the duration of your program, here is a selection of courses taken from the DNP curriculum at Vanderbilt School of Nursing :

• Evidence-Based Practice I: The Nature of Evidence
• Quality Improvement and Patient Safety
• Scholarly Writing
• Statistics in Health Sciences
• Evidence-Based Practice II: Evaluating and Applying Evidence
• DNP Integrative Application of Evidence-Based Practice
• Epidemiology and Population Health
• Health Care Economics and Finance
• Informatics for Scholarly Practice
• Management of Organizations and Systems
• Health Policy
• Legal and Ethical Environment

The courses in this sample curriculum are split into three courses per semester over five semesters, in addition to two elective courses. However, keep in mind that your DNP curriculum could look different and take more or less time depending on the school and program you choose.

According to a study conducted by DoctorofNursingPracticeDNP.org , the average cost to complete a post-master’s (MSN-to-DNP) DNP program is between $21,318 and $38,912. 

Meanwhile, the average cost to complete a BSN-to-DNP degree is between $40,953 and $74,752.

The study also found that, on average, earning your DNP costs:

• $561 per credit for in-state students at public universities
• $968 per credit for out-of-state students at public universities
• $1,024 per credit for private universities

As with any degree program, the cost of getting your DNP will vary depending on the school you choose. The cost will also be affected by factors like whether you’re:

• Attending an in-state or out-of-state university
• Enrolling in a public or private university
• Completing a BSN-to-DNP or MSN-to-DNP program

Also, keep in mind that the costs we’ve mentioned so far only account for the price of tuition. Keep in mind that you may also need to pay for things like university fees, textbooks, and travel expenses.

However, one way to mitigate the cost of traditional, on-campus DNP programs is to earn your degree online. Online degrees can be completed for less money and time and are typically much more flexible than traditional programs.

How Much Does A DNP Make?

According to ZipRecruiter , the average DNP salary in the United States is around $117,412. However, keep in mind that ZipRecruiter data is not the same as data from an official source like the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and it’s likely that the average DNP is actually higher.

While this is on par with the average salary for Nurse Practitioners (some of which are MSN-educated and some of which are DNP-educated), DNP nurses have a higher earning potential because of their qualifications to fulfill more advanced nursing roles and leadership positions.

For example, as we mentioned earlier, to become a Chief Nursing Officer, it’s recommended that you earn your DNP. The average salary for this nursing role is $248,610 per year.

The following table breaks down the average DNP salary in each state according to data obtained from ZipRecruiter .

According to the data from ZipRecruiter, the state with the highest average DNP nurse salary is Washington, where DNP nurses can expect to earn around $135,356. This breaks down to:

• $11,279 per month
• $2,603 per week
• $65.08 per hour

After Washington, the next four highest-paying states for DNP-educated nurses are:

• New York ($127,220)
• Idaho ($121,632)
• California ($121,359)
• New Hampshire ($120,450)

As we noted earlier, these figures likely underestimate the average DNP salary.

Keep in mind that earning your DNP in any state will boost your earning potential, because you’ll be qualified to take on more advanced roles and leadership positions.

While earning your DNP does require a commitment of your time and money, there are two main things that make it worth it: higher salary and more influence.

As we just mentioned above, a DNP qualifies you to take on more advanced nursing roles. Since these positions require a greater level of knowledge and skills, these roles also pay a higher salary.

Additionally, because a DNP qualifies you to take on leadership positions, you’ll may have the ability to implement policy changes to improve patient outcomes, nurse job satisfaction, and a lot more.

If you’re passionate about taking research and putting it into practice to make healthcare facilities better, getting a DNP degree is definitely worth it!

3 Best Online DNP Programs

There are an overwhelming number of Doctorate of Nursing Practice programs you can choose from. 

To help you start your search, here are some of the best online DNP programs.

One of the best online DNP programs is offered by Grand Canyon University . 

To earn your degree, you’ll need to complete 36 credits. Each course lasts eight weeks, and each one is worth three credits.

Some of the core courses you’ll complete in this program include:

• Healthcare Informatics
• Emerging Areas of Human Health
• Population Management
• Patient Outcomes and Sustainable Change
• Leadership for Advanced Nursing Practice

Additionally, GCU offers a DNP in Educational Leadership. This pathway allows you to complete the regular DNP curriculum and take an additional three courses focusing on the role of the educator in nursing.

The additional courses for the Educational Leadership cover topics like:

• Teaching strategies
• Curriculum development
• Student assessments

Another great option for getting your online DNP degree is Purdue University Global.

This program requires you to complete 48 to 57 credits, which is equivalent to 32 to 38 semester credits. 48 of these credits are core courses, and you can complete up to nine elective credits.

Some of the courses you may complete in Purdue University Global’s DNP program include:

• Scientific Foundations for Practice Doctorate
• Epidemiology and Social Determinants of Population Health
• Ethics, Policy, and Advocacy for Population Health
• Clinical Decision Making for Practice Doctorate
• Transforming the Health Care Organization

Additionally, Purdue provides a seamless pathway to earn both your MSN and DNP with its MSN-to-DNP track. While you need to complete your MSN before you can advance to DNP courses, this is a straightforward way to earn your DNP at the completion of your master’s degree.

The university also offers a Nurse Educator Postgraduate certificate to prepare students to:

• Teach patients and families
• Provide staff development
• Evaluate programs
• Instruct undergraduate nursing students

Finally, Purdue offers a Nursing Executive Leader Postgraduate Certificate to prepare students for roles involving health facility administration and public health and policy.

The last school on our shortlist of best DNP programs is Walden University.

This program requires the completion of between 45 and 53 credits depending on the number of incoming practicum hours. The credits you complete throughout the program consist of:

• Doctoral Writing Assessment
• Foundation Course (five credits)
• Core Courses (40 credits)
• Field Experience (up to eight credits for those with less than 600 documented clinical hours)
• Completion of a DNP Project

Some of the courses you can expect to take over the duration of this program include:

• Foundations and Essentials for the Doctor of Nursing Practice
• Leading Organizations for Quality Improvement Initiatives
• Transforming Nursing and Healthcare Through Technology
• Healthcare Policy and Analysis

Additionally, you’ll have the option to specialize your DNP in one of six areas:

• Executive Leadership
• Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner
• Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner
• Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP)
• Pediatric Nurse Practitioner (PNP) Primary Care
• Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP)

It’s also worth noting that Walden offers both BSN-to-DNP and MSN-to-DNP pathways for each of the specializations above.

If you’d like to get a more research-focused degree as opposed to a clinically-focused degree, Walden University offers a PhD in Nursing. With the PhD, you can specialize in areas like:

• Nursing Education
• Healthcare Administration
• Interdisciplinary Health
• Population Health

Finally, if you earn your DNP, you can also opt for Walden’s Bridge Option, which allows students who hold a DNP to earn their PhD in Nursing in less time.

Other Types of Terminal Nursing Degrees

The DNP isn’t the only type of terminal nursing degree. 

In fact, there are several different terminal degree pathways you can consider, with the DNP and PhD being the most common.

The PhD in Nursing , or Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing , is a terminal-level degree preparing students to develop and conduct scientific research relevant to the field of nursing.

The main difference between a DNP and PhD in Nursing is that the DNP is more clinically focused, while the PhD is more research focused. In other words, PhD nurses tend to develop research and theories, while DNP nurses tend to implement research from leadership positions in healthcare facilities.

So, someone with a PhD in nursing tends to work in academic and governmental settings, while someone with a DNP usually works in a more traditional healthcare setting.

Unsurprisingly, the coursework for a PhD is different than a DNP. For example, some of the core courses for University of Pennsylvania’s PhD in Nursing program include:

• Inquiry and Nursing
• Evolving Nursing Science
• Quantitative Research Design and Methods
• Qualitative Paradigm Empirical Nursing Research
• Nursing Doctoral Teaching Residency

If you’re passionate about conducting research, enjoy analyzing data, and want to have an impact on the theoretical foundations of nursing, a PhD in Nursing may be the right choice for you.

The primary purpose of the Ed.D. in Nursing , or Doctor of Education in Nursing , is to prepare students to become nursing professors and educators.

While a PhD in Nursing also prepares students to become educators, the PhD leans more heavily on learning how to conduct original and independent research. Meanwhile, the Ed.D. in Nursing Education focuses more on:

• Applying research
• Developing effective instructional methods
• Implementing new solutions for educational challenges

While many students who get this degree pursue faculty positions at universities, there are also roles available in healthcare organizations. For example, the Ed.D in Nursing would also prepare you to take on a role like Director of Hospital Training Programs.

To get an idea of the coursework requirements for this type of degree, here are some sample courses from the Ed.D in Nursing program at Columbia University :

• Nursing Knowledge in Nursing Education
• Curriculum Development in Nursing Education
• Teaching and Learning Strategies in Nursing Education
• Innovations in Nursing Education
• Assessment and Evaluation in Nursing Education
• Simulation in Nursing Education

If you’re more interested in teaching than conducting research, and if you’d like a quicker option than the PhD in Nursing, the Ed.D in Nursing may make a great option.

The Doctorate of Nurse Anesthesia Practice , or DNAP , is a terminal-level degree preparing students to practice as Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists. 

The difference between the DNAP and DNP with a specialization in anesthesia is a bit confusing. Both degrees prepare you to practice as a CRNA. Right now, an MSN degree is the minimum requirement to practice as a CRNA. However, beginning in 2025, all CRNAs will need either a DNP or DNAP to practice.

The key difference between the two degrees is that the DNP is accredited by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing , while the DNAP is accredited by the Nurse Anesthetists Council of Accreditation .

Additionally, it appears most of the DNAP programs we looked at are aimed at BSN-educated nurses, allowing students to complete both their master’s and doctoral work in one seamless pathway. The DNP, alternatively, seems to more frequently target MSN-educated nurses.

To summarize, either a DNAP or DNP is sufficient to practice as a CRNA. If you want to become a CRNA, the best degree type will depend on your own preferences and current level of education. 

Do a little research into both DNAP and DNP with a specialization in anesthesia programs before making your final choice.

The Doctor of Nursing Science , DNS , DNSc , or DSN , is a research-oriented, terminal-level nursing degree equivalent to the PhD in Nursing. 

The DNS has been discontinued in most, if not all, universities. Instead, students interested in a research-focused nursing degree should pursue a PhD in Nursing.

Since there’s very little information readily available and it doesn’t appear that universities are still offering the DNS degree, we won’t say any more about it.

Since it’s the highest level of nursing education you can attain, the DNP can open up a host of new and exciting opportunities in the field of nursing.

You’ll be well-prepared to take on leadership positions and make a positive impact on the healthcare facility you work at. Additionally, the added responsibilities and leadership duties will earn you a higher salary than your BSN- and MSN-educated counterparts.

If you’re ready to get your DNP and become a hands-on nursing leader, click here to discover a DNP program suited to your needs and interests!

Nurse Luke is a CRNA who specializes in Nursing content and still enjoys a very busy career with Locum, Per Diem and Travel nursing in the greater midwest. He has over 25 years of experience in the healthcare field and received his CRNA masters degree from the Mayo Clinic School of Healthcare. He is passionate about helping nurses explore the options of becoming a travel nurse as well as spending time with his Family. 

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We know that program cost is a crucial consideration and have estimates to share with you. Please be aware that, while the included figures are based on the most accurate information available, they are estimates only and are subject to change at any time. These estimates may not apply to individual students with unique educational paths. Our goal is to provide a snapshot of what you may be able to expect. 

Exact amounts of current tuition and fees can be found in detail on Ohio State’s University  Registrar website . You will pay tuition and fees each semester you are enrolled in the program, based on:

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As a student in the PhD program, you are eligible to apply for financial aid. Please visit the Student Financial Aid Office website to learn more about the options available.

Scholarships offered through the College of Nursing are made available for application each spring semester. Thanks in large part to generous private donors, the College of Nursing has a number of scholarships available. Continuing students are invited to submit the scholarship application to be considered for need-based and/or merit-based scholarships. These funds are limited and preference is given to full-time students who are continuously enrolled.

Doctoral students are also eligible to apply for funds (pending availability) through the Nursing Faculty Loan Program (NFLP). The NFLP is funded by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) and is designed to increase the number of nursing faculty across the country. If you intend on working as a full-time faculty member at an accredited college or university after graduation, this program provides loan principle and interest forgiveness benefits of up to 85 percent. As a student enrolled in a doctoral program at the College of Nursing, you can apply for loans up to $35,500 annually for a maximum of five years. If you are a current student and interested in applying for these funds, learn more here .

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What Is Luxury Senior Living?

Learn more about this high-end option and whether it's right for you.

This article is based on reporting that features expert sources.

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The world of senior living is vast. With independent living , assisted living , memory care and others, there are many options to choose from.

Some communities add another qualifier: the term “luxury.” If you’re asking what makes a community luxury and how much it might cost, read on.

Key Takeaways:

• Luxury senior living refers to communities with high-end amenities and services.
• These communities can span the levels of care, from independent living to skilled nursing facilities.
• Luxury options tend to cost 30% more than nonluxury communities, and prices can vary based on geographic location, amenities available and residents' care needs.
• Luxury senior living may be best suited to seniors with substantial nest eggs for retirement. Before making any financial commitment, make sure you’re calculating for future care needs and associated costs.

Luxury senior living communities, as the name suggests, emphasize high-end or highly specific amenities and features.

“Some are located near golf courses, so that appeals to a certain demographic, while some boast luxury amenities and others a close proximity to nature or cultural life that appeals to them. They really run the gamut,” says Dr. Elizabeth Landsverk, a geriatrician based in the San Francisco area.

Depending on the target age and care needs of the community's residents, amenities and services may also include:

• Activities that offer entertainment or educational value, such as lectures, arts and crafts sessions and movie nights
• Fitness offerings, such as classes, a gym, a pool and tennis or pickleball courts
• Transportation assistance to doctor’s appointments, shopping centers, restaurants and other off-campus locations

These resort-like communities are not only comfortable and lively, but they can offer a sense of exclusivity, catering to wealthy seniors who have the kind of cash on hand to afford bespoke details. These extra touches can include private patios or balconies, high-end kitchen appliances and in-unit laundry machines, hair and nail salons and several restaurants and other dining options.

Other services at such high-end communities may include:

• Housekeeping and laundry services
• Grocery delivery
• Spa treatments
• A 24-hour concierge
• Pet care assistance
• An on-site movie theater
• Well-manicured grounds and landscaping
• Home health services

While many senior living options offer similar amenities, the distinction for a luxury community comes in the quality or specificity of these options. Offering a special amenity that an individual really loves that they can’t find elsewhere can help communities justify a higher price point (more on that below).

What Are the Care Levels in Luxury Senior Living?

As with other types of senior living, luxury options range from hands-off independent living arrangements to intensive round-the-clock skilled nursing care. Typical options are:

• Independent living. Also sometimes called retirement living or active adult communities, these communities are usually structured as single homes in a neighborhood or apartments or townhouses in a larger building or development. Independent living communities often have an age requirement – residents must be 55 years or older to buy in, for example. They provide opportunities for social connection , activities and other support for older adults to live independently within a community of their peers.
• Assisted living. This type of senior living option provides more support, with a focus on the activities of daily living : dressing, toileting, bathing, hygiene and eating. In a luxury setting, these communities will offer additional support and amenities that may not be on offer at lower-priced communities. These communities provide on-site assistance 24 hours per day, which is something that independent living communities usually do not offer.
• Continuing care retirement community. Also called CCRCs , these tiered communities encompass all the various levels of care available and are intended to serve as a one-stop-shop for senior living needs. Residents can graduate from one level of care to the next as needed without having to pack up and move to a new community . This approach provides stability and continuity of social connection and care that can be especially valuable as a senior’s health needs evolve.
• Memory care communities. For older adults who have Alzheimer’s or another form of dementia , a luxury memory care community may be a great option for supporting their intensive care needs.
• Nursing homes. Also sometimes called skilled nursing facilities , these communities provide the highest level of health care services to older adults who need round-the-clock care. These communities may also offer rehabilitation services – such as physical, occupational or speech therapy – with a full-time nurse on site. Some facilities also have a doctor on site most or all of the time to assist with health issues that may arise.

How Much Does Luxury Senior Living Cost?

Luxury senior living options can be expensive, and prices can vary based on geographic location, amenities and services offered and the level of care provided.

Despite this, the market is growing.

“The luxury market has kind of exploded – partially as a result of nursing homes being so costly,” says Nancy Avitabile, owner of Urban Eldercare, a geriatric care management practice in New York City.

In the metro New York region where she’s based, Avitabile says nursing home care can tally upward of $20,000 per month with private pay. By comparison, many luxurious assisted living options also run between $17,000 and $20,000 a month.

Noting the dual pressures of inflation and staffing shortages, Genworth Financial’s 2023 Cost of Care Survey reported that from 2021 to 2023, the cost of care across the board in the senior care market increased an average of about 19%.

According to a 2024 analysis from SeniorLiving.org , luxury senior living options cost, on average, 30% more than their conventional counterparts. Their figures note that the estimated national average monthly rate for luxury senior living is:

• $3,900 for independent living
• $7,164 for assisted living
• $11,608 for a semi-private nursing home room
• $13,033 for a private nursing home room

Luxury senior living options in the most expensive markets, such as New York City, can cost considerably more per month. It’s important to do your research and be sure you understand how fees are structured and what your financial responsibilities will be before agreeing to any senior living contract.

It’s also important to note that senior living options – whether they’re listed as luxury or affordable – are not covered by Medicare. And because Medicaid is designed for low-income individuals, it won’t apply in a luxury situation.

Who Is Luxury Senior Living For?

Given the high cost of luxury senior living, older adults who have built a large nest egg for retirement or those with generous long-term care insurance policies are the most likely candidates to take advantage of this expanding market.

Before making a commitment, however, you should consider your future plans and health expectations.

“It’s easy to be tempted to live beyond your needs in order to live in a highly desirable community, especially if you have friends and family living there," Landsverk says. "It’s important to stay within your means and not take risks that might prove problematic in the future.”

Over time, your need for care will increase, as will the cost of that care. For some people, running out of money can become a real concern that limits their lifestyle.

To help you find the best senior living option for you, use U.S. News’ new Senior Living search tool.

The U.S. News Health team delivers accurate information about health, nutrition and fitness, as well as in-depth medical condition guides. All of our stories rely on multiple, independent sources and experts in the field, such as medical doctors and licensed nutritionists. To learn more about how we keep our content accurate and trustworthy, read our  editorial guidelines .

Avitabile is the owner of Urban Eldercare, a geriatric care management practice in New York City, and a past president of the Aging Life Care Association. She is based in New York.

Landsverk is a San Francisco area-based geriatrician offering an online telemedicine, education and support resource for eldercare professionals, caregivers and families. She is the author of “Living in the Moment: Overcoming Challenges and Finding Moments of Joy in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias.”

Tags: senior citizens , senior health , independent living , assisted living , nursing homes , luxury

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Key Takeaways

• The national median cost of 24-hour home care is $30 per hour. Costs vary by location and a senior's level of care.
• The monthly median cost of 24-hour home care is around $21,823. This includes multiple caregivers working in shifts and available at all times.
• Other senior care types may be less costly than 24-hour home care. Assisted living is typically less expensive than hiring round-the-clock in-home caregivers.
• Round-the-clock home can become costly. While 24/7 home health care is available for seniors who need 24/7 medical care, a nursing home is usually a more affordable option and can be covered by some benefits programs.

How much does 24/7 in-home care cost per month?

The median cost of 24/7 in-home care is $21,823 per month, based on the $30 hourly rate. These costs will vary based on where a senior lives and the level of support they need. Other factors that can affect the cost of care include the types of services provided, the number of caregivers required, and whether your family hires a private caregiver or works with a home care agency. The above figures are sourced from A Place for Mom's 2024 report based on our proprietary data.

You should also factor in the duration of time you plan to use this service, says Todd Austin, president of Home Care Pulse.

"The timeline varies a lot by chronic conditions. This isn't something that is [a] standard amount of time. On average, in-home care has a standard service time of 15-20 months," says Austin.

In some cases, such as  home care for hip replacements , your loved one may only need intensive care for a short period of time to safely recover after surgery. However, a permanent disability may call for home care for an indefinite period.

From a budgeting perspective, this may be costly, and you may want to consider what payment options a home care agency will accept. Most home care agencies work with  private pay clients , but some may accept veterans benefits or long-term care insurance. In some cases,  Medicaid may cover qualified home health care costs .

What services are included in the cost of 24-hour care?

Providers of 24-hour home care typically offer the following services:

• Light housekeeping
• Help with activities of daily living such as transferring, bathing, and grooming
• Medication reminders
• Companionship
• Meal preparation
• Ambulation - assistance with moving - to prevent bed sores in seniors who are unable to move themselves
• Monitor fecal or urinary incontinence and maintain a clean environment

Round-the-clock supervision and support can offer a senior the opportunity to continue aging in place and provide peace of mind for their family.

While 24/7 home care offers the convenience of receiving care in the comfort of one's home, the cost may become prohibitive for some families. A senior living community - such as  assisted living , which offers a similar level of care - may be a more cost effective option. The national median cost of assisted living is $4,995 per month, according to A Place for Mom's  2024 Cost of Long-Term Care and Senior Living report .

Live-in care is another option that is less expensive than 24/7 home care and allows seniors to receive care in their own home. A live-in caregiver lives in the senior's home and provides care during a specified shift, usually eight hours.

The cost of 24-hour home health care

The cost of 24-hour home health care will be even higher than standard home care, since these services are medical in nature and provided by skilled professionals like nurses and therapists. Medicare and Medicaid may cover some home health care expenses in certain situations, but these programs typically don't cover round-the-clock care for an extended period of time. If a senior requires round-the-clock care, nursing homes offer the same level of care and are often a more affordable option than 24/7 home health care.

Choosing the care your loved one needs

Whether you've previously worked with a  home care  agency or are considering at-home help for the first time, choosing a provider can feel overwhelming. Many agencies offer an in-home care assessment to help ensure that they can meet your loved one's needs. Plus, because there are so many home care agencies to choose from, finding the best fit for your loved one can be difficult.

If you're unsure of how to proceed, or if you want to explore additional options, such as assisted living, consider working with one of our  Senior Living Advisors . These senior living experts can help you find a home care agency or senior living community that's right for your loved one and your family - all at no cost to you.

This article originally appeared on APlaceForMom and was syndicated by MediaFeed.

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HECS indexation to be overhauled in budget with $3 billion in student debt 'wiped out'

Millions of Australians with student loans will have hundreds of dollars wiped from their HECS debts as the federal government rolls out its plans for cost-of-living relief in the upcoming budget.

Every June HECS debts are indexed and bumped up a few percentage points to make sure the amount owed keeps up with inflation.

For almost 35 years indexation has been calculated based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI), which is now at historic highs.

Last year's 7.1 per cent increase was the largest hike since 1990 leaving some in a debt spiral with loans increasing faster than they could be repaid .

Annual HECS indexation will now be calculated on whichever figure is lower out of CPI and the Wage Price Index (WPI).

The policy will be backdated to June 1 2023, which means last year's 7.1 per cent indexation will be lowered to the WPI of 3.2 per cent.

"This will wipe out around $3 billion in student debt from more than three million Australians," Education Minister Jason Clare said.

HECS debt indexation to 'wipe out what happened last year'

The government released a wide-ranging review of higher education called the Australian Universities Accord earlier this year.

It warned student debt levels, which had reached $74 billion, were turning people off universities and recommended making HECS "simpler and fairer".

Among its recommendations was indexing HELP loans to whichever was lower out of CPI and WPI.

Mr Clare said adopting the reform and backdating it to last year would help ensure HECS debts did not rise faster than wages in future.

"This will wipe out what happened last year and make sure it never happens again," he said.

Students and graduates had been bracing for another large indexation hit this year of about 4.7 per cent .

The increases had led to a growing backlash with some students so despondent they were considering leaving the country .

How much will you save on your HECS debt?

Instead of another dreaded rise, students will now receive an indexation credit.

Last year's indexation rise of 7.1 per cent will be lowered to 3.2 per cent under the new policy.

For a student with the average debt of $26,494 that means an indexation credit of about $1,200 for the last two years if legislation reforming HECS is passed after the budget.

The debt relief will also apply to apprentices who owe money through the VET Student Loan program or Australian Apprenticeship Support Loan.

These loans work in a similar way to HECS but for young people undertaking a course at TAFE or an independent higher education provider.

According to the latest available figures from 2022 around 30,000 students owed about $220 million.

"This continues our work to ease cost-of-living pressures for more apprentices, trainees and students, and reduce and remove financial barriers to education and training," Skills and Training Minister Brendan O'Connor said.

"By backdating this reform to last year, we're making sure that apprentices, trainees and students affected by last year's jump in indexation get this important cost-of-living relief."

Wider university reforms may be ahead in the budget

There will likely be more money to fund wider-ranging changes to universities recommended in the government's Accord review.

Its other recommendations included:

• reviewing bank lending practices so that HECS debts didn't prevent people from borrowing money to buy a house
• changing the timing of indexation so it occurred after annual compulsory payments
• repealing the previous governments Job-ready Graduates program which increased the cost of some degrees and lowered others

The Greens have been pushing the government to go further and may demand further changes to support the legislation in the Senate.

As cost-of-living pressures have grown, so too has momentum for change.

A recent petition from MP Monique Ryan calling for indexation changes attracted more than 285,000 signatures.

Shadow Education Minister Sarah Henderson has also called for the government to act .

The government's budget will be delivered on May 14.

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May 10, 2024

Governor Newsom Unveils Revised State Budget, Prioritizing Balanced Solutions for a Leaner, More Efficient Government

Para leer este comunicado en español, haga clic aquí .

The Budget Proposal — Covering Two Years — Cuts Spending, Makes Government Leaner, and Preserves Core Services Without New Taxes on Hardworking Californians

Watch Governor Newsom’s May Revise presentation here

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW: The Governor’s revised budget proposal closes both this year’s remaining $27.6 billion budget shortfall and next year’s projected $28.4 billion deficit while preserving many key services that Californians rely on — including education, housing, health care, and food assistance.

SACRAMENTO – Governor Gavin Newsom today released a May Revision proposal for the 2024-25 fiscal year that ensures the budget is balanced over the next two fiscal years by tightening the state’s belt and stabilizing spending following the tumultuous COVID-19 pandemic, all while preserving key ongoing investments.

Under the Governor’s proposal, the state is projected to achieve a positive operating reserve balance not only in this budget year but also in the next. This “budget year, plus one” proposal is designed to bring longer-term stability to state finances without delay and create an operating surplus in the 2025-26 budget year.

In the years leading up to this May Revision, the Newsom Administration recognized the threats of an uncertain stock market and federal tax deadline delays – setting aside $38 billion in reserves that could be utilized for shortfalls. That has put California in a strong position to maintain fiscal stability.

Even when revenues were booming, we were preparing for possible downturns by investing in reserves and paying down debts – that’s put us in a position to close budget gaps while protecting core services that Californians depend on. Without raising taxes on Californians, we’re delivering a balanced budget over two years that continues the progress we’ve fought so hard to achieve, from getting folks off the streets to addressing the climate crisis to keeping our communities safe.

Governor Gavin Newsom

Below are the key takeaways from Governor Newsom’s proposed budget:

A BALANCED BUDGET OVER TWO YEARS. The Governor is solving two years of budget problems in a single budget, tightening the state’s belt to get the budget back to normal after the tumultuous years of the COVID-19 pandemic. By addressing the shortfall for this budget year — and next year — the Governor is eliminating the 2024-25 deficit and eliminating a projected deficit for the 2025-26 budget year that is $27.6 billion (after taking an early budget action) and $28.4 billion respectively.

CUTTING SPENDING, MAKING GOVERNMENT LEANER. Governor Newsom’s revised balanced state budget cuts one-time spending by $19.1 billion and ongoing spending by $13.7 billion through 2025-26. This includes a nearly 8% cut to state operations and a targeted elimination of 10,000 unfilled state positions, improving government efficiency and reducing non-essential spending — without raising taxes on individuals or proposing state worker furloughs. The budget makes California government more efficient, leaner, and modern — saving costs by streamlining procurement, cutting bureaucratic red tape, and reducing redundancies.

PRESERVING CORE SERVICES & SAFETY NETS. The budget maintains service levels for key housing, food, health care, and other assistance programs that Californians rely on while addressing the deficit by pausing the expansion of certain programs and decreasing numerous recent one-time and ongoing investments.

NO NEW TAXES & MORE RAINY DAY SAVINGS. Governor Newsom is balancing the budget by getting state spending under control — cutting costs, not proposing new taxes on hardworking Californians and small businesses — and reducing the reliance on the state’s “Rainy Day” reserves this year.

HOW WE GOT HERE: California’s budget shortfall is rooted in two separate but related developments over the past two years.

• First, the state’s revenue, heavily reliant on personal income taxes including capital gains, surged in 2021 due to a robust stock market but plummeted in 2022 following a market downturn. While the market bounced back by late 2023, the state continued to collect less tax revenue than projected in part due to something called “capital loss carryover,” which allows losses from previous years to reduce how much an individual is taxed.
• Second, the IRS extended the tax filing deadline for most California taxpayers in 2023 following severe winter storms, delaying the revelation of reduced tax receipts. When these receipts were able to eventually be processed, they were 22% below expectations. Without the filing delay, the revenue drop would have been incorporated into last year’s budget and the shortfall this year would be significantly smaller.

CALIFORNIA’S ECONOMY REMAINS STRONG: The Governor’s revised balanced budget sets the state up for continued economic success. California’s economy remains the 5th largest economy in the world and for the first time in years, the state’s population is increasing and tourism spending recently experienced a record high. California is #1 in the nation for new business starts , #1 for access to venture capital funding , and the #1 state for manufacturing , high-tech , and agriculture .

Additional details on the May Revise proposal can be found in this fact sheet and at www.ebudget.ca.gov .

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