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Anton Zeilinger 2017 Phys. Scr. 92 072501

The quantum physics of light is a most fascinating field. Here I present a very personal viewpoint, focusing on my own path to quantum entanglement and then on to applications. I have been fascinated by quantum physics ever since I heard about it for the first time in school. The theory struck me immediately for two reasons: (1) its immense mathematical beauty, and (2) the unparalleled precision to which its predictions have been verified again and again. Particularly fascinating for me were the predictions of quantum mechanics for individual particles, individual quantum systems. Surprisingly, the experimental realization of many of these fundamental phenomena has led to novel ideas for applications. Starting from my early experiments with neutrons, I later became interested in quantum entanglement, initially focusing on multi-particle entanglement like GHZ states. This work opened the experimental possibility to do quantum teleportation and quantum hyper-dense coding. The latter became the first entanglement-based quantum experiment breaking a classical limitation. One of the most fascinating phenomena is entanglement swapping, the teleportation of an entangled state. This phenomenon is fundamentally interesting because it can entangle two pairs of particles which do not share any common past. Surprisingly, it also became an important ingredient in a number of applications, including quantum repeaters which will connect future quantum computers with each other. Another application is entanglement-based quantum cryptography where I present some recent long-distance experiments. Entanglement swapping has also been applied in very recent so-called loophole-free tests of Bell's theorem. Within the physics community such loophole-free experiments are perceived as providing nearly definitive proof that local realism is untenable. While, out of principle, local realism can never be excluded entirely, the 2015 achievements narrow down the remaining possibilities for local realistic explanations of the quantum phenomenon of entanglement in a significant way. These experiments may go down in the history books of science. Future experiments will address particularly the freedom-of-choice loophole using cosmic sources of randomness. Such experiments confirm that unconditionally secure quantum cryptography is possible, since quantum cryptography based on Bell's theorem can provide unconditional security. The fact that the experiments were loophole-free proves that an eavesdropper cannot avoid detection in an experiment that correctly follows the protocol. I finally discuss some recent experiments with single- and entangled-photon states in higher dimensions. Such experiments realized quantum entanglement between two photons, each with quantum numbers beyond 10 000 and also simultaneous entanglement of two photons where each carries more than 100 dimensions. Thus they offer the possibility of quantum communication with more than one bit or qubit per photon. The paper concludes discussing Einstein's contributions and viewpoints of quantum mechanics. Even if some of his positions are not supported by recent experiments, he has to be given credit for the fact that his analysis of fundamental issues gave rise to developments which led to a new information technology. Finally, I reflect on some of the lessons learned by the fact that nature cannot be local, that objective randomness exists and about the emergence of a classical world. It is suggestive that information plays a fundamental role also in the foundations of quantum physics.

Gerard 't Hooft et al 2024 Phys. Scr. 99 052501

Despite its amazing quantitative successes and contributions to revolutionary technologies, physics currently faces many unsolved mysteries ranging from the meaning of quantum mechanics to the nature of the dark energy that will determine the future of the Universe. It is clearly prohibitive for the general reader, and even the best informed physicists, to follow the vast number of technical papers published in the thousands of specialized journals. For this reason, we have asked the leading experts across many of the most important areas of physics to summarise their global assessment of some of the most important issues. In lieu of an extremely long abstract summarising the contents, we invite the reader to look at the section headings and their authors, and then to indulge in a feast of stimulating topics spanning the current frontiers of fundamental physics from 'The Future of Physics' by William D Phillips and 'What characterises topological effects in physics?' by Gerard 't Hooft through the contributions of the widest imaginable range of world leaders in their respective areas. This paper is presented as a preface to exciting developments by senior and young scientists in the years that lie ahead, and a complement to the less authoritative popular accounts by journalists.

Gerianne Alexander et al 2020 Phys. Scr. 95 062501

Sounds of Science is the first movement of a symphony for many (scientific) instruments and voices, united in celebration of the frontiers of science and intended for a general audience. John Goodenough, the maestro who transformed energy usage and technology through the invention of the lithium-ion battery, opens the programme, reflecting on the ultimate limits of battery technology. This applied theme continues through the subsequent pieces on energy-related topics—the sodium-ion battery and artificial fuels, by Martin Månsson—and the ultimate challenge for 3D printing, the eventual production of life, by Anthony Atala. A passage by Gerianne Alexander follows, contemplating a related issue: How might an artificially produced human being behave? Next comes a consideration of consciousness and free will by Roland Allen and Suzy Lidström. Further voices and new instruments enter as Warwick Bowen, Nicolas Mauranyapin and Lars Madsen discuss whether dynamical processes of single molecules might be observed in their native state. The exploitation of chaos in science and technology, applications of Bose–Einstein condensates and the significance of entropy follow in pieces by Linda Reichl, Ernst Rasel and Roland Allen, respectively. Mikhail Katsnelson and Eugene Koonin then discuss the potential generalisation of thermodynamic concepts in the context of biological evolution. Entering with the music of the cosmos, Philip Yasskin discusses whether we might be able to observe torsion in the geometry of the Universe. The crescendo comes with the crisis of singularities, their nature and whether they can be resolved through quantum effects, in the composition of Alan Coley. The climax is Mario Krenn, Art Melvin and Anton Zeilinger's consideration of how computer code can be autonomously surprising and creative. In a harmonious counterpoint, his 'Guidelines for considering AIs as coauthors', Roman Yampolskiy concludes that code is not yet able to take responsibility for coauthoring a paper. An interlude summarises a speech by Zdeněk Papoušek. In a subsequent movement, new themes emerge as we seek to comprehend how far we have travelled along the path to understanding, and speculate on where new physics might arise. Who would have imagined, 100 years ago, a global society permeated by smartphones and scientific instruments so sophisticated that genes can be modified and gravitational waves detected?

S B Dugdale 2016 Phys. Scr. 91 053009

The concept of the Fermi surface is at the very heart of our understanding of the metallic state. Displaying intricate and often complicated shapes, the Fermi surfaces of real metals are both aesthetically beautiful and subtly powerful. A range of examples is presented of the startling array of physical phenomena whose origin can be traced to the shape of the Fermi surface, together with experimental observations of the particular Fermi surface features.

Peter Asenbaum et al 2024 Phys. Scr. 99 046103

In a uniform gravitational field, classical test objects fall universally. Any reference object or observer will fall in the same universal manner. Therefore, a uniform gravitational field cannot create dynamics between observers and classical test objects. The influence of a uniform gravitational field on matter waves and clocks, however, is described inconsistently throughout research and education. To illustrate, we discuss the behavior of a matter-wave interferometer and a clock redshift experiment in a uniform gravitational field. As a consistent formulation of the equivalence principle implies, a uniform gravitational field has no observable influence on these systems and is physically equivalent to the absence of gravity.

Ulrik L Andersen et al 2016 Phys. Scr. 91 053001

Squeezed light generation has come of age. Significant advances on squeezed light generation have been made over the last 30 years—from the initial, conceptual experiment in 1985 till today's top-tuned, application-oriented setups. Here we review the main experimental platforms for generating quadrature squeezed light that have been investigated in the last 30 years.

Jack Smith 2022 Phys. Scr. 97 122001

First conceptualised in Olaf Stapledon's 1937 novel 'Star Maker', before being popularised by Freeman Dyson in the 1960s, Dyson Spheres are structures which surround a civilisation's sun to collect all the energy being radiated. This article presents a discussion of the features of such a feat of engineering, reviews the viability, scale and likely design of a Dyson structure, and analyses details about each stage of its construction and operation. It is found that a Dyson Swarm, a large array of individual satellites orbiting another celestial body, is the ideal design for such a structure as opposed to the solid sun-surrounding structure which is typically associated with the Dyson Sphere. In our solar system, such a structure based around Mars would be able to generate the Earth's 2019 global power consumption of 18.35 TW within fifty years once its construction has begun, which itself could start by 2040 using biennial launch windows. Alongside a 4.17 km 2 ground-based heliostat array, the swarm of over 5.5 billion satellites would be constructed on the surface of Mars before being launched by electromagnetic accelerators into a Martian orbit. Efficiency of the Dyson Swarm ranges from 0.74–2.77% of the Sun's 3.85 × 10 26 W output, with large potential for growth as both current technologies improve, and future concepts are brought to reality in the time before and during the swarm's construction. Not only would a Dyson Swarm provide a near-infinite, renewable power source for Earth, it would also allow for significant expansions in human space exploration and for our civilisation as a whole.

Jonathan Hungerland et al 2024 Phys. Scr. 99 085249

The principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used to reduce the dimensionality of a dataset to its essential components. To perform PCA, the covariance matrix is constructed and its eigenvalues and eigenvectors are computed. In practical numerical applications, the tail of the sorted eigenvalues is sometimes found to contain negative eigenvalues, which are prohibited mathematically and are a pure consequence of finite-accuracy numerics. The present study suggests that in the case of a many-body dynamical system, the spurious negative eigenvalues of the covariance matrix may in fact be related to the frozen degrees of freedom in the system. Here, we outline the mathematical connection between the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix and the frozen degrees of freedom and validate the connection through two case studies: a model system of coupled harmonic oscillators and a molecular dynamics simulation of a small protein in solution.

Michael G Raymer and Ian A Walmsley 2020 Phys. Scr. 95 064002

We review the concepts of temporal modes (TMs) in quantum optics, highlighting Roy Glauber's crucial and historic contributions to their development, and their growing importance in quantum information science. TMs are orthogonal sets of wave packets that can be used to represent a multimode light field. They are temporal counterparts to transverse spatial modes of light and play analogous roles—decomposing multimode light into the most natural basis for isolating statistically independent degrees of freedom. We discuss how TMs were developed to describe compactly various processes: superfluorescence, stimulated Raman scattering, spontaneous parametric down conversion, and spontaneous four-wave mixing. TMs can be manipulated, converted, demultiplexed, and detected using nonlinear optical processes such as three-wave mixing and quantum optical memories. As such, they play an increasingly important role in constructing quantum information networks.

Kaj Sotala and Roman V Yampolskiy 2015 Phys. Scr. 90 018001

Many researchers have argued that humanity will create artificial general intelligence (AGI) within the next twenty to one hundred years. It has been suggested that AGI may inflict serious damage to human well-being on a global scale ('catastrophic risk'). After summarizing the arguments for why AGI may pose such a risk, we review the fieldʼs proposed responses to AGI risk. We consider societal proposals, proposals for external constraints on AGI behaviors and proposals for creating AGIs that are safe due to their internal design.

Latest articles

A Morzabayev et al 2024 Phys. Scr. 99 099501

S Hassan et al 2024 Phys. Scr. 99 095608

We have theoretically investigated the effect of adiabatic trapping of electrons on ion temperature gradient (ITG) driven nonlinear drift mode in a warm and dispersive electron-ion plasma. For this purpose, we have incorporated the gradients in the background plasma density, ion temperature and ambient magnetic field and derived two different nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs). One of them contains only fractional nonlinearity while the other one incorporates the effect of both quadratic and fractional nonlinearities. We have obtained the exact solutions of these NLPDEs by using the functional variable method. We have used the graphical analysis to carry out the parametric study of the obtained solutions for the Tokamak plasma parameters. We have shown that the amplitude and the width of these nonlinear structures depend on the plasma parameters like T e , T i and η i . This work may be helpful to understand the effect of electron trapping on the low frequency drift type modes in laboratory and space plasmas.

Burak Malik Kaya 2024 Phys. Scr. 99 095405

A single mode optical fiber loop was employed as a temperature sensor to observe changes in optical loss regarding to ringdown time (RDT) by high sensitive the fiber loop ringdown spectroscopy (FLRDS) technique which has real-time and fast response measurement capability due to allowing trapped light pulse multiple interactions with the measurands. Two different fiber loops of 45 ± 5 m and 120 ± 5 m lengths were embedded one by one into a copper, circular and closed housing. Continuous monitoring of RDTs was carried out by changing the temperature in the range of 25–200 °C with the steps of 25 °C for the first time by using bare fiber without any modification as a temperature sensor. The FLRDS system for temperature sensing has simple design without extra components such as an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR), long-period fiber grating (LPFG) or fiber Bragg grating (FBG) as sensorhead. The FLRDS system was diligently optimized to achieve the lowest baseline as %0.49. Since the RDT of the FLRDS system was changed due to the thermal expansion of the fiber, continuous monitoring of the temperature was the first time recorded by utilizing this kind of FLRDS temperature sensor. These kind of FLRDS temperature sensors have high potential to be employed in mining, nuclear facilities, railways, underwater structures, biomedical, medicine, structural health monitoring, transportation and communication applications with simple system setup, lower cost, higher sensitivity, portability, real-time and continuous monitoring for early detection.

Hacı Mehmet Güzey 2024 Phys. Scr. 99 095235

This paper presents a novel approach to vehicle platooning using combined formation-regulation control, aiming to enhance the operation of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs). By integrating advanced control algorithms with precise positioning and synchronization tools, our methodology enables CAVs to autonomously navigate while maintaining minimal inter-vehicle distances, thus optimizing convoy synchronization. The proposed system consists of two main controllers: a speed consensus controller to synchronize vehicle speeds and a following distance controller to ensure safety. Our combined control approach combines these controllers dynamically based on real-time vehicle spacing, employing exponential functions to smooth the transition between control modes, thereby preventing abrupt changes in vehicle behavior. This method not only increases energy efficiency and traffic throughput but also significantly reduces the likelihood of accidents caused by sudden braking, contributing to decreased fuel consumption and enhanced road safety. Our work not only advances the technology of vehicle platooning but also promises broader implications for the overall transportation ecosystem.

Luolan Chen et al 2024 Phys. Scr. 99 095952

Gallium-based liquid metal droplet is active particle that maintains a liquid phase at room temperature and perform Self-propelled motion in electrolyte solutions. Unlike passive rigid particles, the collective transportation of swarming liquid metal droplets is strongly influenced by the surface tension, the shape deformation, the collision dynamics and the coalescence process of liquid metal droplets. We drive the swarming micron-sized Galinstan droplets to pass a Tesla microfluidic valve by applying external electric field, the diodicity of liquid metal droplet flow in Tesla valve is verified experimentally, which increases with respect to an increasing voltage. Theoretical simulations of flow field within the Tesla microfluidic valve suggested different turbulent flow field with opposite input flows. The coalescence of liquid metal droplets was enhanced when the Tesla valve blocks the flow. The collective transportation of swarming self-propelled liquid metal droplets has promising applications in biomedics, flexible electronics and swarm microrobotic technology.

Review articles

Yanwei Yang et al 2024 Phys. Scr. 99 092001

Under the impetus of global carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, a new generation of semiconductor material is urgently needed in various aspects of power electronic systems. In comparison to traditional semiconductor materials like single-crystal silicon, the outstanding characteristics of 4H silicon carbide (4H-SiC) have gradually positioned it as a crucial semiconductor material for emerging power semiconductor applications. Attributed to the significance of impurities and defects in the semiconductor, profound and in-depth comprehension of impurities and defects about 4H-SiC plays a crucial guiding role. This paper, building upon a brief overview of the current state of 4H-SiC research, summarizes the experimental and theoretical advancements in the study of defects and impurities about 4H-SiC in recent years. Besides, we also systematically review the categories of defects in 4H-SiC, introduce methods for characterizing and identifying defects in 4H-SiC, and thoroughly discuss potential doping technologies in 4H-SiC. Challenges faced in the research of defects and impurities are finally outlined.

Hamdah T A Alanazi and Ghadah Abdulrahman Alzaidy 2024 Phys. Scr. 99 082001

Scientific and technical communities often debate photodetection as a significant technology due to its unquestionable and extensive usage in business and research. Traditional bulk semiconductors like GaN, Si, and InGaAs are being used less and less for photodetection in industry because they aren't mechanically stable or flexible enough, they have expensive substrates, and charge carriers can't move around freely enough. Nonetheless, 2D materials such as transition-metal nitrides, chalcogenides, and carbides, in addition to graphene, are leading the path toward achieving more sophisticated results and surpassing the limitations imposed by traditional semiconductors. This is due to their exceptional electronic and mechanical properties, which include flexibility, adjustable bandgaps, high mobilities, and ample potential for constructing heterojunctions of chalcogenides-based thin films. Given the recent surge in photodetection research, the field has expanded significantly and requires a systematic compilation of pertinent scientific knowledge. A comprehensive study must address many aspects of chalcogenides-based thin film manufacturing strategies, assembly procedures, device integration, spectral properties, heterojunction potential, and future research prospects. This paper specifically examines the use of chalcogenides-based thin film materials in photodetection. These areas include solar-blind, visible, near-infrared, and broadband detectors. We have expanded our discussion to include photodetector performance parameters and how the latest chalcogenides-based thin films formed by combining ordinary semiconductors have resulted in high-performance UV, visible, and IR range photodetection. These materials have the potential to be used as photodetectors. Ultimately, we provide a comparative demonstration of the performance characteristics of photodetectors, offering a distinct assessment of the suitability of these materials for use in the advancement of next-generation photodetectors.

Masuda U et al 2024 Phys. Scr. 99 072002

The quantum dots derived from the 2D material are finding their applications in sustainable and emerging technologies due to their tunable properties by quantum confinement and scalable synthesis. Elemental doping in these quantum dots can enhance the performance favourably for the desired application. It can further tune the properties of parent counterparts leading to novel and interesting properties and applications. This review demonstrates the excellence of 2D materials-based quantum dots as a material platform. We critically analyzed and present a summary of the top-down and bottom-up synthesis of 2D material-derived quantum dots. Further, the doping of quantum dots and prominent characterization techniques to identify the successful incorporation of dopants in them are presented. In the end, we comprehensively analyzed the applications of these two-dimensional derived quantum dots in energy, optoelectronic, and quantum technological applications.

Aref A A Qahtan et al 2024 Phys. Scr. 99 072001

The enthralling multiferroic and magnetoelectric characteristics, reasonably higher electrical conductivity, and oxidation resistive nature of the rare earth chromites (RCrO 3 ) (R = rare earth ion) systems with distorted orthorhombic perovskite's structure have drawn significant curiosity among researchers in the domain of perovskites materials. Though there are copious studies on the numerous ways to synthesize perovskites, but no reviews of the rare-earth chromites could be identified in the literature. Therefore, in this review, we concisely reflect upon the vast literature that has been accumulated in the past years concerning the synthesis, properties and applications of rare-earth chromites.

Da Zhang et al 2024 Phys. Scr. 99 062010

The arc discharge plasma (ADP) technology has been widely developed in the fields of cutting, welding, spraying and nanomaterials synthesis over the past 20 years. However, during the process of ADP, it is difficult to explain the generation and evolution of arc column, the interaction between arc column and electrodes, as well as the effect of plasma generator structure on the physical characteristics of ADP by experimental means. Therefore, numerical simulation has become an effective mean to explore the physical characteristics of ADP, but also faces severe challenges because it involves multiple physical field coupling, resolution of multiscale features as well as robustness in the presence of large gradients. From the point of view of the construction of ADP mathematical physical models and combined with the practical application of ADP, this paper systematically reviews the researches on physical properties of arc column, near-cathode region, near-anode region as well as the today's state of the numerical simulation of plasma generators. It provides a good reference for further mastering the physical characteristics of plasma, guiding the industrial application of plasma and optimizing the design of plasma generators. Meanwhile, the relevant computational aspects are discussed and the challenges of plasma numerical simulation in the future are summarized.

Accepted manuscripts

Chen et al 

Speckle noise limits the application of digital holography across various fields. This paper proposes a Non-local means filter method to suppress speckle noise by determining the weight of each traversed pixel based on the structural similarity between image blocks centered on the target and traversed pixels. Experimental results show that, compared to other typical digital image processing methods, this method can significantly reduce the speckle noise and exhibits a clear advantage across various metrics. These results indicate that the proposed method holds significant development potential in the field of speckle noise reduction.

Mohamed et al 

Optical tomography is a widely used method for estimating complex information. It provides a monotonic relation between the coherent field states density and their corresponding probability distributions. This approach is critical for validating any quantum information processing system's implementation. This paper explores the optical tomography and coherence dynamics for a
 cavity interacting with two two-level atoms having time-dependent locations. We analyze the dynamics of the photon-field states, as two moving atoms enter a cavity filled with two superposed coherent states.
The von-Neumann entropy dynamics illustrates how interaction couplings between the two atoms and cavity
 can give rise to entangled states under the effects of the atom-field couplings and
 the time-dependent atomic location parameter.
Aside from coherence, the interactions between the cavity and atoms are essential for producing nonclassical proprieties in optical tomography.
Furthermore, we investigate the dynamics of optical tomography densities
with respect to the couplings between atoms and photons for time-dependent atomic location.
Our results show that the couplings between atoms and cavity not only accelerate but also
improve the processes involved in generating nonclassical optical tomography and coherence dynamics.

Vignesh et al 

The present work aimed to examine the influence of Lanthanum (La) on the morphological, mechanical, and tribological characteristics of Al-6.6Si-0.2Mg alloy. The alloy specimens were exposed to an aging process at 180°C for 8h and 12h. The morphological transformation due to La addition was analysed with an emphasis on altering primary and eutectic silicon morphology, grain refinement, and intermetallic phase distribution. The experimental investigations were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) whereas the hardness and wear characteristics were analyzed by performing Vickers microhardness and pin-on-disc tests. The obtained results demonstrated that lanthanum inclusion causes significant microstructure refinement, resulting in enhancing the microhardness by up to 60 %, proliferating the tensile characteristics by 70%, and aiding in improving the tribological characteristics of the Al-Si-Mg alloy. The results provide a clearer understanding of the alloy modification process and offer valuable insights for enhancing the performance of Al-Si-Mg aluminium alloys in automotive and aerospace applications.

Zhao et al 

Using first-principles calculations, we have found that LiCdP, an existing half-Heusler material, exhibits an anti-Wilson mechanism for adjusting the bandgap. Specifically, instead of widening according to the conventional Wilson mechanism, the bandgap shows a significant decrease in response to lattice strain, eventually closing at 5.02% tensile strain. This anti-Wilson mechanism is attributed to the weakened repulsion between the 3s and 5s orbitals of the P and Cd atoms, respectively, as observed by the analysis of the neighbouring atomic orbital coupling. In addition, we have found that the ZT value, which measures the thermoelectric efficiency of this material, can reach 1.33 at a temperature of T=1200 K when lattice strain is induced by thermal expansion. This result suggests that LiCdP is an excellent thermoelectric material in a high operating temperature range. From the point of view of actual applications, such an interesting tunability of the bandgap of LiCdP provides a novel alternative for designing electronic or optoelectronic devices in a controllable way.

Bai et al 

Quantum coherence as an important physical resource plays the key role in implementing various quantum tasks, whereas quantum coherence is generally nonincreasing under incoherent operations.
 In this paper, we analyse under which dynamical conditions the $l_1$-norm or the relative entropy of coherence can remain unchanged under strictly incoherent operations (freezing coherence). We provide a detailed analysis of their structure together with exact geometric conditions of freezing coherence. It reveals a remarkable feature: any strictly incoherent operation freezing coherence can be decomposed as a convex combination of unitary operations. This partially answers an open question named unitary decomposition of doubly-stochastic quantum operations
[M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000)]. Based on this analysis, we also give a complete classification of coherent states from operational coherence theory. This builds the counterpart of entanglement classification under LOCC.

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Open access

Shalini Priya S et al 2024 Phys. Scr.

In this paper, we formulate a multi compartmental mathematical model for human and mosquito. We construct the system of differential equations for an SEITVR for human compartment and SEI for mosquito compartment. We investigate the outbreak of malaria and effect on Central African Republic. The analysis of the compartmental model is carried out using stability analysis. Our model exhibits two equilibrium points, disease free equilibrium points and endemic equilibrium points. The next generation matrix is used to determine the basic reproduction number R0. Numerical example are provided to validate our results for both the disease free state and endemic state of each model. We believe that this investigation will be more effective on reducing malaria infection and stop spreading.

Manpreet Singh Jattana 2024 Phys. Scr. 99 095117

Hybrid algorithms that combine quantum and classical resources have become commonplace in quantum computing. The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is routinely used to solve prototype problems. Currently, hybrid algorithms use no more than one kind of quantum computer connected to a classical computer. In this work, a novel triple-hybrid algorithm combines the effective use of a classical computer, a gate-based quantum computer, and a quantum annealer. The solution of a graph coloring problem found using a quantum annealer reduces the resources needed from a gate-based quantum computer to accelerate VQE by allowing simultaneous measurements within commuting groups of Pauli operators. We experimentally validate our algorithm by evaluating the ground state energy of H 2 using different IBM Q devices and the DWave Advantage system requiring only half the resources of standard VQE. Other larger problems we consider exhibit even more significant VQE acceleration. Several examples of algorithms are provided to further motivate a new field of multi-hybrid algorithms that leverage different kinds of quantum computers to gain performance improvements.

A Scurtu et al 2024 Phys. Scr. 99 095607

We measured the peak force of the plasma jet produced by a pulsed coaxial plasma gun operated at voltages up to 2 kV, using a home-made ballistic pendulum positioned in two locations, one in the proximity of the gun nozzle at 0.75 cm and the second at a distance of 9 cm from the gun nozzle. The force of the plasma wind is inferred and ranges from 11 to 60 N, which is almost an order of magnitude higher than that of typical ion-based thrusters. The results of various models of self-field magneto-plasmadynamic thrusters indicate that the magnetic component thrust tends to dominate over the thermal expansion, particularly at higher discharge voltages of 1.5 kV and 2 kV. The highest thrust of 60 N is obtained for a 2 kV discharging voltage. The plasma was ignited in CO 2 at pressures between 1 and 5 Torr. The displacement of the pendulum pushed by the plasma wind force was measured using a high-speed camera.

Norberto Aquino et al 2024 Phys. Scr.

In this work we solve the time-independent Schrödinger equation of a particle restricted to move on the surface of a circular cone of finite height. The energy eigenvalues, as well as the corresponding wave functions, are obtained analytically as a function of, r and ϕ, the radial distance to the apex, 0≤r≤r_0, and the angular variable around the axis of the cone. We compute the Shannon entropy of this system in both configuration and momentum space as a function of r_0 and θ_0, the angular semi-aperture of the cone. In configuration space, the Shannon entropy decreases, signaling a more pronounced localization, as either r_0 or θ_0 diminish; in momentum space, an opposite behavior happens, i.e., the Shannon entropy increases when either, r_0 or θ_0, decrease. We also compute the radial standard deviation; we find that the Shannon entropy better describes the localization-delocalization phenomena. The present results agree with those previously published for a particle confined to a circle of radius r_0, which corresponds to θ_0=π⁄2 in the present case.

Mishio Kawashita and Wakako Kawashita 2024 Phys. Scr.

This paper discusses an inverse problem of recovering information about cavities by measuring the solutions of a wave equation. When the medium has multiple types of cavities and the distances from the observation site to the "positive cavity" and to the "negative cavity" coincide, the sign of the indicator function of the enclosure method can not be determined. Thus, sign cancellation may occur, and information may be lost. In this study, by using an asymptotic solution and examining the top term of the indicator function in detail, it is shown that the shortest distance to the cavity can be obtained, even in the above case.

Yaohua Lu and Gangyi Ding 2024 Phys. Scr. 99 095111

Secure multi-party extremum computation (SMEC) is a specific application scenario of secure multi-party computation, which allows multiple participants to compute the extremum of data without disclosing private information. The extremum includes maximum, minimum, sum of extremums, and difference of extremums. SMEC has wide applications in financial transactions, market analysis, sports events, healthcare, etc. Current protocol research mainly exists in the classical domain and cannot withstand quantum computing attacks. To address this issue, we propose a novel QSME protocol based on a d-dimensional quantum system, capable of computing the maximum and minimum values among multi-party data under unconditional security, and can compute the sum and difference of extremums without disclosing the maximum and minimum values, to adapt to complex application scenarios. The article proposes a coding method for a d-dimensional quantum system to further enhance security, provides correctness analysis, security analysis, robustness analysis, and comparative analysis, and proposes an experimental method for a d-dimensional quantum system to verify the effectiveness of the protocol, demonstrating strong practicality.

Marco Zoli 2024 Phys. Scr. 99 095009

Considering a one dimensional mesoscopic model for DNA, we focus on the upper bound for the base pair fluctuations, a relevant parameter in computer simulations for which contrasting estimates have been reported. Noticing that the free energy of the model can be obtained analytically in the thermodynamic limit, we derive a relation for the fluctuations upper bound in terms of temperature and elastic force constant of the stacking potential. At room temperature, the fluctuation cutoff is constrained to values ∼2 Å in fair agreement with the threshold above which hydrogen bonds break and base pairs dissociate.

Soon-Tae Hong 2024 Phys. Scr.

In order to investigate the gravitational wave (GW) radiation, without resorting to the traceless transverse gauge approach to the GW formalism of the linearized general relativity, we formulate the so-called modified linearized general relativity (MLGR). As an application of the MLGR, we construct a novel paradigm of measuring the GW radiation from a binary system of compact objects, to theoretically interpret its phenomenology. To accomplish this, we formulate the mass scalar and mass vector potentials for the merging binary compact objects, from which we construct the mass magnetic field in addition to the mass electric one which also includes the mass vector potential effect. Next, defining the mass Poyinting vector in terms of the mass electric and mass magnetic fields in the MLGR, we find the GW radiation intensity profile possessing a prolate ellipsoid geometry due to the merging binary compact objects source. At a given radial distance from the binary compact objects, the GW radiation intensity on the revolution axis of the binary compact objects is shown to be twice that on the equatorial plane. Moreover, we explicitly obtain the total radiation power of the GW, which has the same characteristic as that of the electromagnetic wave in the rotating charge electric dipole moment. We also find that, in no distorting limit of the merging binary compact objects, the compact objects in the MLGR do not yield the total GW radiation power, consistent with the result of the traceless transverse gauge algorithm in the linearized general relativity.

Nadir Kaplan and Hakan Köçkar 2024 Phys. Scr.

In order to investigate the martensitic phase mechanism of the ternary FeCrMn thin films sputtered under the effect of substrate rotation speeds, the structural and related magnetic properties were studied. A range of thin films were deposited at varying rotational speeds of 0, 15, 30, and 45 rpm on flexible amorphous polymer substrates through the use of DC magnetron sputtering. The films were 50 nm thick and were produced at 0.09 nm/s. The crystal structures showed that all films have a mixture of the body-centred tetragonal (bct) and tetragonal structure. The peak intensity of bct (110) martensitic α'phase increased with the increase of the rotation speeds whereas the tetragonal (430) and (333) peaks stayed almost stable. And, the morphologic surface analysis displayed that the smooth surface turned into a rough surface with the increase of the rotation speeds. After the measurements of hysteresis loops, the films obtained by sputtering of austenitic target have ferromagnetic character with increasing saturation magnetization, MS and coercivity, HC as the substrate rotation speeds increase. With increasing rotation speeds, the increase of the MS from 148 to 242 emu/cm3 and the rise of the HC of the films from 21 to 185 Oe might be explained by the increase of the grain sizes with the increase of % martensitic α'phase caused by increasing rotation speeds. The ternary FeCrMn thin films exhibit increasing % martensitic α'phase and corresponding ferromagnetic properties with increasing substrate rotation speeds. It is concluded that the nanostructured films of FeCrMn have different properties from those of their bulk counterparts under the influence of substrate rotation speeds. Therefore, the martensitic mechanism of the films can easily be controlled by changing rotation speed for potentially flexible new device applications such as spintronics, magnetic hetero-structures, magnetic separators, etc.

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In the year 2025, we will be celebrating the 100th anniversary of the formulation and development of quantum theory. The United Nations is working toward a declaration of 2025 as the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology (IYQST). In the spring of 2025, Physical Review Physics Education Research (PRPER) will join the celebration by rolling out a special issue of the journal focused on investigating and improving quantum education.

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Absence of quantum optical coherence in high harmonic generation

Philipp stammer, phys. rev. research 6 , l032033 – published 8 august 2024.

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The optical phase of the driving field in the process of high harmonic generation and the coherence properties of the harmonics are fundamental concepts in attosecond physics. Here, we consider driving the process by incoherent classical and nonclassical light fields exhibiting an undetermined optical phase. With this, we introduce the notion of quantum optical coherence into high harmonic generation and show that high harmonics can be generated from incoherent radiation despite having a vanishing electric field. We explicitly derive the quantum state of the harmonics when driven by carrier-envelope phase unstable fields and show that the generated harmonics are incoherent and exhibit zero electric field amplitudes. We find that the quantum state of each harmonic is diagonal in its photon number basis, but nevertheless has the exact same photon statistics as the widely considered coherent harmonics. From this, we conclude that assuming coherent harmonic radiation can originate from a preferred ensemble fallacy. These findings have profound implications for attosecond experiments and how to infer the harmonic radiation properties.

• Received 21 September 2023
• Revised 30 November 2023
• Accepted 25 July 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L032033

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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• ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain and Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien , Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
• * Contact author: [email protected]

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Vol. 6, Iss. 3 — August - October 2024

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Graphical illustration of HHG driven by (a) a coherent field | α 〉 and (b) an incoherent field ρ | α 0 | . For the coherent driving field, we have an oscillating classical electric field E cl ( t ) ∝ sin ( ω t ) , while for the incoherent fields the classical electric field vanishes E cl ( t ) = 0 . The resulting harmonics are coherent and incoherent, respectively, but lead to the identical HHG spectrum S ( ω q ) ∝ 〈 a q † a q 〉 .

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August 15, 2024

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Physicists uncover new phenomena in fractional quantum Hall effects

by Justin Lilly, Georgia State University

Imagine a two-dimensional flatland, instead of our three-dimensional world, where the rules of physics are turned on their head and particles like electrons defy expectations to reveal new secrets. That's exactly what a team of researchers, including Georgia State University Professor of Physics Ramesh G. Mani and recent Ph.D. graduate U. Kushan Wijewardena, has been studying at Georgia State's laboratories.

Their studies have resulted in a discovery recently published in the journal Communications Physics . The team has investigated the enigmatic world of fractional quantum Hall effects (FQHE), uncovering novel, unexpected phenomena when these systems are probed in new ways and pushed beyond their usual boundaries.

"Research on fractional quantum Hall effects has been a major focus of modern condensed matter physics for decades because particles in flatland can have multiple personalities and can exhibit a context-dependent personality on demand," Mani said. "Our latest findings push the boundaries of this field, offering new insights into these complex systems ."

The quantum Hall effect has been a vibrant and pivotal area in condensed matter physics since 1980, when Klaus von Klitzing reported his discovery that a simple electrical measurement could give very accurate values for some fundamental constants that determine the behavior of our universe. This discovery won him a Nobel Prize in 1985.

In 1998, a Nobel Prize was awarded for the discovery and understanding of the fractional quantum Hall effect, which suggested that flatland particles could have fractional charges. The journey continued with the discovery of graphene, a material that showed the possibility of massless electrons in flatland, leading to yet another Nobel Prize in 2010.

Finally, theories about new phases of matter, related to the quantum Hall effect, were recognized with a Nobel Prize in 2016.

Condensed matter physics gave rise to discoveries that made modern electronics like cellphones, computers, GPS, LED lighting, solar cells and even self-driving cars possible. Flatland science and flatland materials are now being studied in condensed matter physics with the aim of realizing more energy-efficient, flexible, faster and lighter-weight future electronics, including novel sensors, higher efficiency solar cells , quantum computers and topological quantum computers.

In a series of experiments in extremely cold conditions, close to -459°F (-273°C), and under a magnetic field nearly 100,000 times stronger than that of Earth, Mani, Wijewardena and colleagues went to work. They applied a supplementary current to high-mobility semiconductor devices made from a sandwich structure of gallium arsenide (GaAs) and aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) materials, which helps to realize electrons in a flatland.

They observed all the FQHE states splitting unexpectedly, followed by crossings of split branches, which allowed them to explore the new non-equilibrium states of these quantum systems and reveal entirely new states of matter.

The study highlights the crucial role of high-quality crystals, produced at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich by Professor Werner Wegscheider and Dr. Christian Reichl, in the success of this research.

"Think of the traditional study of fractional quantum Hall effects as exploring the ground floor of a building," Mani said. "Our study is about looking for and discovering the upper floors—those exciting, unexplored levels—and finding out what they look like. Surprisingly, with a simple technique, we were able to access these upper floors and uncover complex signatures of the excited states."

Wijewardena, who earned his Ph.D. in physics from Georgia State last year and is now a faculty member at Georgia College and State University in Milledgeville, expressed his excitement about their work.

"We have been working on these phenomena for many years, but this is the first time we've reported these experimental findings on achieving excited states of fractional quantum Hall states induced by applying a direct current bias," Wijewardena said. "The results are fascinating, and it took quite a while for us to have a feasible explanation for our observations."

The study not only challenges existing theories but also suggests a hybrid origin for the observed non-equilibrium excited-state FQHEs. This innovative approach and the unexpected results highlight the potential for new discoveries in the field of condensed matter physics, inspiring future research and technological advancements.

The implications of the team's findings stretch far beyond the lab, hinting at potential insights for quantum computing and materials science. By exploring these uncharted territories, these researchers are laying the groundwork—and training new generations of students—for future technologies that could revolutionize everything from data processing to energy efficiency, while powering up the high-tech economy.

Mani, Wijewardena and their team are now extending their studies to even more extreme conditions , exploring new methods to measure challenging flatland parameters. As they push forward, they anticipate uncovering further nuances in these quantum systems, contributing valuable insights to the field. With each experiment, the team moves closer to understanding the complex behaviors at play, staying open to the possibility of new discoveries along the way.

Journal information: Communications Physics

Provided by Georgia State University

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CLASSE stands for C ornell L aboratory for A ccelerator-based S cience S and E ducation

Theoretical Particle Physics Overview

The Standard Model (SM) of strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions is the crowning achievement of twentieth century physics. However, despite its many spectacular successes, the SM is theoretically inconsistent at high energies and should be superseded by a new, more fundamental theory at the teraelectron-volt (TeV) energy scale. In addition, the SM cannot incorporate dark matter, whose existence has been confirmed by numerous astrophysical observations.

Many theoretical ideas about the physics at the TeV scale and the nature of dark matter have been proposed; examples include supersymmetry, extra dimensions of space, and new strong interactions. Members of Cornell theory group are active in investigating these ideas and their experimental and observational consequences. Currently, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the CERN laboratory in Switzerland is exploring the TeV scale experimentally for the first time in history. Theoretical interpretation of the LHC data is expected to be a major focus of research in the next few years. In this work, Cornell theorists benefit from traditionally close connections with the LEPP experimental group , which participates in the CMS experiment at the LHC.

Another research area actively pursued at Cornell is string theory, which combines quantum field theory and gravity in a consistent framework. A key goal is to understand the properties of the four-dimensional effective theories derived from compactifications of string theory. Cornell theorists create new analytical techniques for the study of flux compactifications, use these tools to find novel solutions of supergravity, and then characterize the resulting effective actions. A primary application of these methods is in the study of the very early universe: questions about inflation can often be mapped into questions about the geometry of the internal space or about the potential governing deformations of this space. Theorists at Cornell have led the exploration of the interface between string theory and inflationary cosmology, which holds the prospect of bringing string theory into contact with cosmological observations.

Particle theory students at Cornell have the opportunity to explore a wide range of research areas, ranging from experiment-driven theory to highly mathematical analyses of supersymmetric field theories or quantum theories of gravity. There is also work at the interface between condensed matter physics and particle physics, where mathematical and numerical techniques from relativistic quantum field theory are adapted for use on condensed matter systems, and ideas from condensed matter physics are applied to quantum field theories. Work can be analytical, or it can be computational, as in numerical simulations of quantum chromodynamics and other quantum field theories—a research area invented at Cornell. The particle theory program is very flexible: it is easy for theory students to work in more than one area, and it is not unusual for a student to co-author papers with more than one professor during their graduate career. In addition, there is close collaboration with Cornell’s theoretical astrophysics group, focused on problems of common interest to particle physics and astrophysics/cosmology.

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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

Thermally tunable anti-ambipolar heterojunction devices.

Two-dimensional materials and their van der Waals heterostructures have emerged as a research focal point for constructing various innovative electronic devices due to their distinct photonic and electronic properties. Among them, anti-ambipolar devices, characterized by their unique nonlinear electrical behavior, have garnered attention as novel multifunctional components, positioning them as potential contenders for building multi-state logic devices. Utilizing the properties of few-layer As0.4P0.6 and PdSe2, we have constructed an anti-ambipolar heterojunction device. At 300 K, the device exhibits a peak voltage (Vpeak) of -3 V and a peak-to-valley ratio (PVR) close to 8 × 103, and the PVR can be modulated by bias voltage. Furthermore, by characterizing the anti-ambipolar attributes at different temperatures ranging from 80 K to 330 K, we have elucidated the thermally tunable feature of the device. At 330 K, a certain PVR (~103) and a large Vpeak (~ -16 V) are obtained, while a PVR exceeding 108 has been achieved at 80 K. This temperature-related sensitivity empowers the device with significant potential and thermal tunability in various applications.

Supplementary files

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Q. Liu, S. Chen, J. Jin, W. Wang, S. Wang, X. Du, F. Wang, L. Ma, J. Wang, C. Wang and X. Zhang, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. , 2024, Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.1039/D4CP02937B

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-->

	Title	Type
1		journal	16.061 Q1	388	36	103	14097	4303	99	42.66	391.58	14.94
2		journal	10.188 Q1	93	5	14	4669	473	14	25.80	933.80	25.50
3		journal	8.228 Q1	334	423	1020	12661	11028	630	10.14	29.93	20.23
4		journal	7.833 Q1	70	132	374	8774	5665	187	16.28	66.47	19.21
5		journal	6.435 Q1	318	52	158	22361	4528	158	25.65	430.02	17.55
6		journal	5.896 Q1	183	194	768	15685	9373	763	12.01	80.85	21.08
7		journal	5.195 Q1	247	42	119	12474	2233	119	19.76	297.00	20.09
8		journal	4.954 Q1	46	192	492	15899	4995	487	10.21	82.81	13.32
9		journal	4.887 Q1	522	8240	20805	509160	312714	20403	13.79	61.79	37.09
10		journal	4.593 Q1	478	2057	5134	133225	83625	5091	15.41	64.77	33.30
11		journal	3.914 Q1	187	1975	3160	140487	48286	3151	14.60	71.13	35.98
12		journal	3.610 Q1	105	139	367	19919	5019	361	11.62	143.30	24.72
13		journal	3.143 Q1	16	31	31	2240	419	30	13.52	72.26	20.95
14		journal	3.040 Q1	700	2174	7311	121966	61072	7246	8.11	56.10	20.13
15		journal	3.028 Q1	25	23	64	1065	154	64	2.44	46.30	18.18
16		journal	2.872 Q1	100	522	1599	7162	9625	1598	5.20	13.72	27.17
17		journal	2.562 Q1	57	306	659	19237	4089	658	5.46	62.87	14.11
18		journal	2.483 Q1	52	154	536	8223	3052	528	5.74	53.40	14.43
19		journal	2.446 Q1	49	433	932	26053	7705	926	7.67	60.17	30.15
20		journal	2.397 Q1	231	611	2003	37240	15632	1999	7.46	60.95	18.19
21		journal	2.304 Q1	68	336	617	23129	6268	617	10.12	68.84	32.98
22		journal	2.276 Q1	52	134	357	8292	2267	356	6.04	61.88	20.87
23		journal	2.023 Q1	42	29	107	4860	823	104	7.63	167.59	32.06
24		journal	1.879 Q1	27	5	24	798	246	24	9.79	159.60	16.67
25		journal	1.790 Q1	209	302	880	14072	6694	879	8.09	46.60	15.83
26		journal	1.761 Q1	50	362	818	20191	4354	803	5.31	55.78	19.67
27		journal	1.720 Q1	74	192	183	7016	477	35	3.07	36.54	27.87
28		journal	1.715 Q1	49	86	268	3183	348	268	1.26	37.01	12.07
29		journal	1.689 Q1	67	1154	4446	70018	17946	4442	3.77	60.67	17.77
30		journal	1.679 Q1	288	709	2121	37368	9485	2109	4.26	52.71	19.15
31		journal	1.656 Q1	212	516	1594	27527	10026	1589	6.13	53.35	22.93
32		journal	1.623 Q1	60	425	777	28667	3832	777	4.85	67.45	14.80
33		journal	1.587 Q1	393	4219	11853	291386	56142	11841	4.78	69.07	20.14
34		journal	1.451 Q1	193	1143	3445	79922	13511	3411	3.89	69.92	22.69
35		journal	1.357 Q1	100	232	726	8913	1310	726	1.68	38.42	23.48
36		journal	1.349 Q1	168	1280	3087	59283	21668	3061	5.97	46.31	29.39
37		journal	1.344 Q1	50	9	36	2384	186	36	5.13	264.89	10.00
38		journal	1.335 Q1	101	977	2731	51492	11639	2725	3.98	52.70	21.54
39		journal	1.233 Q1	13	28	58	1895	369	56	6.36	67.68	24.10
40		journal	1.232 Q1	188	372	1225	22622	4292	1225	3.59	60.81	18.50
41		journal	1.210 Q1	235	3248	9778	176074	66434	9769	6.78	54.21	34.63
42		journal	1.176 Q1	67	101	347	4930	945	346	2.22	48.81	27.62
43		journal	1.166 Q1	71	79	132	5600	575	129	4.61	70.89	14.60
44		journal	1.165 Q1	69	236	549	15560	2755	469	5.12	65.93	32.66
45		journal	1.104 Q1	16	14	37	592	117	36	2.67	42.29	11.11
46		journal	1.101 Q1	395	2042	5590	131571	22752	5562	3.10	64.43	23.18
47		journal	1.090 Q1	204	519	1933	29709	5892	1932	2.84	57.24	25.26
48		journal	1.052 Q1	24	13	59	572	225	48	4.61	44.00	10.26
49		journal	1.031 Q1	56	114	266	11144	1348	263	5.55	97.75	36.21
50		journal	1.028 Q1	75	58	179	2500	336	179	1.74	43.10	18.57

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• Elena Facco
• Maria d’Errico
• Alessandro Laio

Terahertz beam switching by electrical control of graphene-enabled tunable metasurface

High-Performance Screen-Printed Thermoelectric Films on Fabrics

• Rajan Kumar
• Renkun Chen

Terahertz spectroscopy of anisotropic materials using beams with rotatable polarization

• C. D. W. Mosley
• J. Lloyd-Hughes

Non-destructive elemental analysis of a carbonaceous chondrite with direct current Muon beam at MuSIC

• S. Tachibana

The Mobility Enhancement of Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide Transistors via Low-temperature Crystallization using a Tantalum Catalytic Layer

• Yeonwoo Shin
• Sang Tae Kim
• Jae Kyeong Jeong

Compositionally Graded Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors

• Hyun-Cheol Song
• Jie E. Zhou
• Shashank Priya

3D Printing of Polymer-Bonded Rare-Earth Magnets With a Variable Magnetic Compound Fraction for a Predefined Stray Field

• Christian Huber
• Claas Abert
• Dieter Suess

Te-based chalcogenide materials for selector applications

• B. Govoreanu

Dark current reduction in microjunction-based double electron barrier type-II InAs/InAsSb superlattice long-wavelength infrared photodetectors

• Romain Chevallier
• Abbas Haddadi
• Manijeh Razeghi

Cross-plane Thermoelectric and Thermionic Transport across Au/ h -BN/Graphene Heterostructures

• Nirakar Poudel
• Shi-Jun Liang
• Stephen Cronin

Direct Generation and Detection of Quantum Correlated Photons with 3.2 um Wavelength Spacing

• Yong Meng Sua
• Yu-Ping Huang

Optimization-based Dielectric Metasurfaces for Angle-Selective Multifunctional Beam Deflection

• Jierong Cheng
• Sandeep Inampudi
• Hossein Mosallaei

Axion dark matter detection by laser induced fluorescence in rare-earth doped materials

• Caterina Braggio
• Giovanni Carugno
• Mauro Tonelli

Selective dual-band metamaterial perfect absorber for infrared stealth technology

• Jagyeong Kim
• Jae W. Hahn

Uncovering different states of topological defects in schlieren textures of a nematic liquid crystal

• Takuya Ohzono
• Kaoru Katoh
• Jun-ichi Fukuda

Soft porous silicone rubbers with ultra-low sound speeds in acoustic metamaterials

• Abdoulaye Ba
• Artem Kovalenko
• Thomas Brunet

Broadband Silicon-On-Insulator directional couplers using a combination of straight and curved waveguide sections

• George F. R. Chen
• Jun Rong Ong

Optical tweezing and binding at high irradiation powers on black-Si

• Tatsuya Shoji
• Ayaka Mototsuji
• Yasuyuki Tsuboi

Indium gallium nitride-based ultraviolet, blue, and green light-emitting diodes functionalized with shallow periodic hole patterns

• Rafael Salas-Montiel
• Mun Seok Jeong

Inertia-driven resonant excitation of a magnetic skyrmion

• Takayuki Shiino
• Kab-Jin Kim
• Byong-Guk Park

Symmetry breaking, Josephson oscillation and self-trapping in a self-bound three-dimensional quantum ball

• S. K. Adhikari

Low-Temperature Growth of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Carbide Solar Cell by Inductively Coupled Plasma Deposition Toward High Conversion Efficiency in Indoor Lighting

• Ming-Hsuan Kao
• Chang-Hong Shen
• Jia-Min Shieh

Photonic time crystals

• Runxia Song

Hybrid organic-inorganic polariton laser

• G. G. Paschos
• N. Somaschi
• P. G. Savvidis

Measuring nanoscale viscoelastic parameters of cells directly from AFM force-displacement curves

• Yuri M. Efremov
• Wen-Horng Wang
• Arvind Raman

Generating Localized Plasmonic Fields on an Integrated Photonic Platform using Tapered Couplers for Biosensing Applications

• Gurpreet Singh
• Malini Olivo

Magnetic field observations in CoFeB/Ta layers with 0.67-nm resolution by electron holography

• Toshiaki Tanigaki
• Tetsuya Akashi
• Hiroyuki Shinada

Blue Laser Diode Enables Underwater Communication at 12.4 Gbps

• Tsai-Chen Wu
• Yu-Chieh Chi
• Gong-Ru Lin

Tunable metasurfaces via subwavelength phase shifters with uniform amplitude

• Shane Colburn
• Arka Majumdar

Directional beaming of light from a subwavelength metal slit with phase-gradient metasurfaces

Experimental verification of the rotational type of chiral spin spiral structures by spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy

• Masahiro Haze
• Yasuo Yoshida
• Yukio Hasegawa

Strain induced polarization chaos in a solitary VCSEL

• T. R. Raddo
• K. Panajotov

Dual-cavity feedback assisted DFB narrow linewidth laser

• Shihong Huang

Remarkably High Mobility Thin-Film Transistor on Flexible Substrate by Novel Passivation Material

• Cheng Wei Shih
• Albert Chin

QED cascade with 10 PW-class lasers

• Martin Jirka
• Ondrej Klimo

Deposition of topological silicene, germanene and stanene on graphene-covered SiC substrates

• Filipe Matusalem
• Daniel S. Koda
• Lara K. Teles

Highly (001)-textured p-type WSe 2 Thin Films as Efficient Large-Area Photocathodes for Solar Hydrogen Evolution

• Farabi Bozheyev
• Karsten Harbauer
• Klaus Ellmer

Pinning and hysteresis in the field dependent diameter evolution of skyrmions in Pt/Co/Ir superlattice stacks

• K. Zeissler
• M. Mruczkiewicz
• C. H. Marrows

Wavelength-tunable passively mode-locked mid-infrared Er 3+ -doped ZBLAN fiber laser

• Yanlong Shen
• Yishan Wang

Entropy production selects nonequilibrium states in multistable systems

• Robert G. Endres

Fabrication of full-color GaN-based light-emitting diodes on nearly lattice-matched flexible metal foils

• Hyeryun Kim
• Jitsuo Ohta
• Hiroshi Fujioka

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