assignment on poverty class 12

Project on Poverty in India – Economics Class 12

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION OF POVERTY

Poverty is the state of not having enough material possessions or income for a person’s basic needs. Poverty may include social, economic, and political elements. Absolute poverty is the complete lack of the means necessary to meet basic personal needs such as food , clothing, and shelter. The floor at which absolute poverty is defined is always about the same, independent of the person’s permanent location or era. On the other hand, relative poverty occurs when a person can not meet a minimum level of living standards compared to others in the same time and place. The best way to learn about poverty is a project on poverty in india.

Therefore, the floor at which relative poverty is defined varies from one country to another or from one society to another. Many government and non-governmental organizations try to reduce poverty by providing basic needs to people who are enabled to earn a sufficient once. They initiate project on poverty to be prepared and tackle the major issues of poverty.

These efforts can be hampered by constraints on the government’s ability to deliver services such as corruption, tax avoidance, debt, and loan conditionalities and by the brain drain of health care and educational professionals’ strategies of increasing income to make basic needs more affordable typically include welfare, economic freedoms & providing financial services. Meanwhile, the poorest citizens of middle-income countries have largely failed to receive an adequate share of their country’s increased wealth. There are many projects on poverty initiated all over the globe, some succeed and some fail.

CATEGORISATION OF POVERTY

Relative poverty.

As the name suggests, it means poverty in comparison to others. It will vary from region to region. Relatively poor are those who can manage the basics but are still not quite into the category of the middle class. The best projects on poverty are done for the benefit of people than focusing on decreasing the poverty line.

ABSOLUTE POVERTY

This refers to people who are living below the poverty line. We measure absolute poverty based on two things

• Criteria for minimum calories consumption
• Criteria for minimum consumption expenditure

MINIMUM CALORIES CONSUMPTION

When people are not able to get a minimum of 2400 calories per person per day in rural areas and 2100 calories per person per day in urban areas these people are organized as living below poverty.

MINIMUM CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CRITERIA

Going by the above explanation, further, we assess the poverty of a family based on their capacity to spend a minimum amount per day as their consumption expenditure. This amount is set by the government for both rural and urban poor & keeps changing annually and biannually depending on the inflation rate and other factors. There are many factors in the project on poverty, some manageable and some not.

VICIOUS CIRCLE OF POVERTY

According to the principle of vicious circle, UDC’s level of income remains low which leads to a low level of saving and investment. Low investment leads to low productivity which again leads to low income. According to prof. nurse. “it implies a circular constellation of forces tending to act and react to one another in such a way as to keep a poor country in a state of poverty.

He cited an example of a poor man A poor man does not get enough food which makes him weak. As a result of weakness, his efficiency reduces as a consequence he gets low income and thus becomes poor.”

SOLUTION TO THE VICIOUS CIRCLE OF POVERTY

Broadly there are two methods to solve the problem of the vicious circle of poverty solution to the supply-side solution to the demand side let us these two aspects.

POVERTY IN INDIA

More than 800 million people in India are considered poor. Most of them live in the countryside and keep afloat with odd jobs. The lack of employment that provides a livable wage in rural areas is driving many Indians into rapidly growing metropolitan areas such as Bombay, Delhi, Bangalore, or Calcutta.

There most of them expect a life of poverty and despair in the mega slums , made up of millions of corrugated work, without sufficient drinking water supply, without garbage disposal, and in many cases without electricity. Poor hygiene conditions are the cause of diseases such as cholera, typhus, and dysentery, in which especially children suffer and die. The best project on poverty is initiated by Indian government.

Poverty in India impacts children, families, and individuals in a variety of different ways through :

MAJOR REASONS :

• High infant mortality
• Malnutrition
• Child labor
• Lack of education
• Child marriage
• THE HIGH INFANT MORTALITY 1.4 million children die each year in India before their fifth birthday. In addition to Nigeria, Pakistan the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and China, India is one of the countries with the highest child mortality rates. Pneumonia, malaria, and diarrheal diseases as well as chronic malnutrition are the most frequent causes of death.
• MALNUTRITION Not even a bowl of rice a day. India is one of the world’s top countries when it comes to malnutrition: more than 200 million people don’t have sufficient access to food, including 61 million children, 7.8 million infants were found to have a birth weight of fewer than 2.5 kilograms alarming figures for a country commonly referred to as the emergency market.
• CHILD LABOUR No time to play and learn. Although child labour for children under the age of 14 in India is prohibited by law, according to official figures, 12.5 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 are working. Aid agencies assume that in reality, there are many more estimates that 65 million children between 6 and 14 years do not go to school. Instead, to secure survival it is believed that Indian children contribute to the livelihood of their families.
• LACK OF EDUCATION No opportunities without education. According to UNICEF, about 25 % of children in India have no access to education. The number of children excluded from school is higher among girls than boys. Although women and men are treated equally under Indian law, girls and women, especially in the lower social caste, are considered inferior and are oppressed by their fathers, brothers, and husband. Without education, the chance of finding a living wage from employment in India is virtually hopeless.
• CHILD MARRIAGE The early end of childhood spite banning minors from marrying in 2006, is still widespread in many regions of India. The main leaders in this practice are young girls, who are still children themselves and become mothers too early. Many of them birth living to an investment by the journal 44.5% are still married they are of legal age.
• HIV/AIDS A taboo in Indian society 2.7 million Indians are infected with the HIV about 220,000 of them are children, with the tendency rising. The lack of education and the lack of condoms means that the virus is spreading faster and faster and more and more people are dying AIDS-especially in the Slums of the growing cities more and more children are living there as so-called AIDS orphans, often being infected with the viruses as well.

POVERTY LINE

The poverty line is the level of income to meet the minimum living conditions poverty line is the amount of money needed for a person to meet his basic needs. It is defined as the money value of the goods & services needed to provide basic welfare to an individual. The poverty line differs from one country to another depending upon the idea of poverty.

The poverty line changes from one country to another. In developed countries, where there is an advanced standard of living and welfare concepts, the poverty line is high as basic standards to live to include higher consumption requirements and accessibility to many goods and services in Bangladesh.

POVERTY LINE IN INDIA Poverty in India is having a well-designed ‘poverty measurement’ mechanism under the planning commission using the commission as the nodal agency for estimation of poverty.

ESTIMATION OF POVERTY LINE Calories-based estimation for rural area intake calorie was estimated at 2,400 calories and for the urban area it is 2,100 calories, In 1999-2000 new ways of measuring started i.e. monthly per capita expenditure its estimates for the rural area as consumption worth Rs. 816 per person and for urban areas it is Rs. 1000 presently as per Tendulkar committee.

THREE APPROACHES OF INDIAN GOVT TO COMBAT POVERTY Approach

• Enhancing economic growth
• Specific programs for poverty alleviation
• Fulfilling the minimum needs of the poor

MAJOR CAUSES OF POVERTY IN INDIA

• Rising population
• Less production
• Less utilization of resources
• Shortage of capital & sustainable
• Unequal distribution of income
• Political factors
• Social factors
• Unemployment
• Short rate of economic development

CAUSE OF POVERTY IN INDIA

Following are the main causes of poverty in India

• INCREASED RATE OF RISING POPULATION In the last 45 years, the population has increased at a whopping rate of 2.2% per annum. An average of approx. 17 million people are added every year to the population which raises the demand for consumption goods considerably.
• LESS PRODUCTIVITY IN AGRICULTURE In agriculture the productivity level is very low due to subdivided and fragmented holdings, lack of capital use of traditional methods of cultivation, illiteracy, etc. the very reason for poverty in the country is this factor only.
• LESS UTILIZATION OF RESOURCES Underemployment and veiled unemployment of human resources and less utilization of resources have resulted in low production in agriculture of living.
• A SHORT RATE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT In India, the rate of economic development is very low which is required for a good level. Therefore there persists a gap between the level of availability and requirements of goods and services . The net result is poverty.
• INCREASING PRICE RISE Poor is becoming poorer because of continuous and steep price rises. It has benefited a few people In society and the persons in lower-income groups find it difficult to get their minimum needs.
• UNEMPLOYMENT One of the main causes of poverty is the continuous expanding army of unemployed in our country. The job seeker is increasing in number at a higher rate than the expansion in employment opportunities.
• SHORTAGE OF CAPITAL AND ABLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP The much-required capital and sustainable entrepreneurship a very important role in tolerating the growth. But bases are in short supply making it difficult to increase production significantly.
• SOCIAL FACTORS Our country’s social setup is very much backward from the rest of the world and not at all beneficial for faster development and has aggravated the problem of poverty.
• POLITICAL FACTORS We all know that the east India company started lopsided development in India and had reduced our economy to a colonial state. They exploited the natural resources to suit their interests and weaken the industrial base of the Indian economy. Hence, the planning was of immense failure to handle the problems of poverty and unemployment.
• UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME If you simply increase the production are do checking on the population cannot help poverty in our country. We need to understand that inequality in the distribution of income and concentration of wealth should be checked.

NEWS AND STATISTICS

• India no longer home to the largest no. of poor: study
• Rate of decline
• India is moving down in the global poverty Rankings

POVERTY ALLEVIATION METHODS

• CONTROL OF POPULATION To remove poverty controlling the population is important. It increases per capita income. India started family planning in 1951, however, it must be made more aware to the people.
• INCREASE IN EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES Employment opportunities must be made for people in rural areas. Employment in small-scale and cottage industries must be encouraged.
• REDUCE ECONOMIC INEQUALITY In this way, more job and education opportunities will be provided to the poor and this would help to remove poverty.
• LAND REFORMS   As many land reforms policy are introduced by the government they must be implemented properly as they will help the ll farmers to get employment and thereby remove poverty.
• SOCIAL SECURITY MEASURES Like provident fund, pension, free medical and health services, affordable housing, etc should be provided to the rural and urban core. This will improve the living conditions of people.
• BALANCED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT  Government must allocate more funds to the backward and rural regions.

HOW POVERTY FEELS TO CHILDREN

• WORRIED ABOUT PARENTS
• CONSTRAINED
• COMPLICATED
• EMBARRASSED
• OVERCROWDED
• NO PLACE FOR HOMEWORK OR PLAY
• BULLIED & JUDGED
• TEACHERS DON’T UNDERSTAND
• NO SCHOOL TRIPS
• ASPIRATIONS
• OPPORTUNITIES
• SOCIAL INSECURITY

INDIAN GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES FOR POVERTY

Measures adopted by the INDIAN Government to remove poverty.

• Food for work programme
• Swarnjayanti Gramin Rozagr yojana.
• Pradhan mantri gramodoya yojana.
• Soompoorna Gramin Rozgar yojana.
• Swarn Jayanti shahri Rozgar yojana.
• Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee scheme.
• Jawahar gram samridhi yojana.

The program adopted by Indian govt. to help elderly and poor people and also destitute women :

• National social assistance The program includes national old-age pension schemes national family benefit scheme, National maternity benefit scheme.
• Annapurna Yojana
• On the job training

CURRENT SCENARIO OF POVERTY IN INDIA

The Indian government has taken a project on poverty and how to reduce it effectively taking the poop people into consideration. The release of the IMFS world economic outlook provides an initial country-by-country assessment of what might happen to the world economy in 2020 and 2021. Using the methods described in the world poverty clock we ask what will happen to the number of poor people in the world those living in households with less than $1.90 per person per day in actual or impact forecast.

We take the difference between the IMF’s April 2020 forecast for GDP growth and their forecast from October 2019 as “the COVID effect, a slight Simplification because other things have also changed in the world that may have caused the IMF to alter its forecasts however, the largest change is caused by COVID-19 and the policy response around the world.

The summary results are that some million people are likely to be in poor households in 2020, compared to our previous estimates of 640 million people. A careful reader might note that the world poverty clock had been estimating about 600 million in poverty in 2020, but newly updated population estimates new household expenditure data, and new household survey data have also been incorporated into the model.

EFFECT OF COVID-19 ON POVERTY IN INDIA

THE United Nations in a report published last year estimated the number of poor people in India at a humongous 364 million, which is 28 percent of the population. Now the crisis created by the combination of the covid-19 pandemic, national lockdown, and job losses means that many more millions are joining the ranks of the poor. A recent world bank blog on the impact of covid-19 on global poverty has warned about more people being pushed into poverty.

It is estimated that the pandemic will push at least 71 million people globally into poverty and the number can go up to 100 million in a worst-case scenario. The international poverty line is measured as an income of at least $ 1.90 a day- that is, about Rs 150 at the current exchange rate. India’s per capita growth rate in real GDP is already low and is likely to worsen.

The countries Nigeria, India and are home to more than a third of the world’s poor. India may see a larger increase in the number of poor as a result of covid-19By their very nature, poverty projections carry a lot of uncertainty; but the risk of more joining the ranks of the poor in 2020 is very real. What will happen in 2021 and beyond comes with even more uncertainty as growth in 2021 will depend on how effectively the pandemic is contained and how rapidly economic activity picks up momentum.

We have traveled about decades since independence. The objective of all our policies had been stated as promoting rapid and balanced economic development with equality and social justice. Poverty alleviation has always been accepted as one of India’s main challenges by the policymakers regardless of which government was in power. The absolute number of poor in the country has gone down and some states have less proportion of poor than even the national average.

Yet critics point out that even though vast resources have been allocated and spent, we are still far from reaching the goal. There is improvement in terms of per capita income and the average standard of living: some progress towards meeting the basic needs has been made. But when compound to the progress made by many other countries our performance has not been impressive.

Moreover, its development has not all sections of the popular some sections of people, some sectors of the economy, some regions of the country can complete even with developed countries in terms of social and economic development yet, many others have not been able to come out of the vicious circle of poverty.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.soschildrensvillages.ca/news/poverty-in-india-602 http://www.habitatbrowward.org/absolute-vs-relative-poverty/

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that class Xll-C, of ——, has completed the project on poverty in India under my supervision. He has taken proper care and shown almost sincerity in the completion of this project on poverty in India. I certify that this project on poverty in India is up to my expectations and as per the guidelines issued by CBSE.

Teacher’s  Signature                                                                                     Examiner’s Signature

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher as well as our principal of the school who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on poverty of India which also helped me in doing a lot of research and I came to know about so many new things, I am thankful to them. Secondly, I would also like to thank my parent and friends who helped me a lot In finalizing this project within the limited time frame.

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Poverty Class 12 Notes PDF (Handwritten & Short Notes)

The primary benefit of Poverty Notes is that it helps a student to cover the topics which you might have missed in regular lectures. Thus, Poverty is a very important chapter of Class 12 which no student can afford to miss. These Notes help a student to study all the important topics and concepts which can help them to score well in the exams. 

To help students score well in exams and to make them understand the concepts thoroughly we, selfstudys have Poverty Notes PDF format which can be downloaded easily and is available free of cost. 

About Indian Economics Poverty Notes PDF

These Notes are available free of cost for all the students and easy to download. They have access to it 24*7. 

The highly qualified subject matter experts at Selfstudys have developed these Notes which are very informative and can help you study all the topics of Indian Economics Poverty. 

The Poverty Class 12 Notes are a great way to study all the concepts and also test your knowledge which can help students to cover all the important highlighted key points of the chapter. 

Topic Wise Poverty Notes 

Our highly qualified subject matter experts have developed these Notes topic wise to make it easier for students to find them and to learn them. 

These Indian Economics Poverty Notes are the best study material that improves memory and increases concentration. 

These Notes are considered a great tool to develop a deep understanding of all the concepts. 

How to Download Poverty Notes PDF format?

Below are the steps to download these notes in PDF: 

• Open the website of Selfstudys: Selfstudys is an educational website designed for KG- Class 12 students to help them find great study materials and other details. The website offers free study resources. To download, Poverty Notes PDF, you have to open Selfstudys.com in your browser.  

• Click on the NCERT Books and Solutions: To download the Poverty Notes PDF format, you have to click on this option. 
• Choose the NCERT Notes Menu: After clicking on NCERT Notes menu, a new page will appear and you can choose the class 12 and Indian Economics for which you have to download the notes.

How Poverty Notes Can Help You Score Well In The Examination? 

Students require a lot of practice to score well in the examinations. One time revision is not enough, that is why selfstudys have developed these notes in PDF format. Let’s have a look at the benefits of these Notes:

• Improves Memory: One of the best benefits of studying Poverty Notes is that it improves memory of the students. Students can remember information for a long time. 
• Increased Concentration: By studying from these Notes, the concentration of a student can improve which can in turn help them to score well in exams. 
• Organised Study Resource: These Notes are organised topic wise which can help the students to study effectively.

Other Benefits: 

• Revising through Poverty Notes helps students to recall all the concepts which they have previously studied. 
• These Notes help to boost the confidence of the student as they will go through a topic repeatedly which will make them confident about the topic. 
• These Notes covers each and every topic which helps to reduce the stress and anxiety levels which most students have regarding their exam preparation. 

In conclusion, we can say it confidently that the Poverty Notes can be a complete game changer for all the students to score well in exams as they can remember topics for a longer time. 

How To Prepare for Exams From Indian Economics Poverty Notes? 

Exam Preparation should be done in a systematic manner if a student wants to achieve good marks in their exams. Let’s discuss the methods in which a student should do exam preparation from these Notes:

• Start early: All the students should start revising from Poverty Notes early as when a student starts early, they will have a lot of time to understand the chapter. Starting early also prevents students from being stressed and anxious at the last moment. When revising from these Notes, make sure to go through all the concepts and topics once again that are given in the notes. 
• Make your own learning space: It is advisable for all the students to create a learning environment that helps them to study well and also increase their capability. Poverty is a subject which requires an immense focus. However, the learning technique is different for each student. Some students can do effective learning in a closed room without any disturbance. On the other hand, others find it helpful when they learn while listening to music.
• Timelines: Students can make timelines to remember important dates. 
• Mind Maps: Students can develop mind maps to remember the summary of the topics and concepts . 
• Cue Cards: Students can also make cue cards and write keywords of topics on them so that they can recollect what they have studied earlier. 
• Practise previous year question papers: Practising previous year question papers can help a student to get the idea of the exam pattern, weightage of topics, exam duration etc. 

The Right Time To Use Poverty Notes 

Students can use these Notes anytime. There is no right or wrong time. However, below we will discuss the most important times in which a student should revise whatever they have studied in Poverty: 

• During Board Exam Preparation: The Poverty Notes can be of great advantage during board exam preparation as it saves the time of the student and helps students to effectively revise all the topics and concepts. 
• During preparation of Entrance Exams: Our subject matter experts have designed these notes in a way so that a student can benefit from these notes even after completion of class 12. Students can use these Notes during the preparation of entrance exams for college and other institutions. 
• Every Weekend after completing the topic Poverty: It is advisable for all the students to use these on every weekend to make sure that they don't forget any information and to deepen their understanding of the concepts. 

Why Poverty Notes of Selfstudys is Best? 

The Poverty is a very important chapter which students can't afford to miss at any cost. Also, in class 12 there are a lot of chapters and topics which can be sometimes difficult for student to do exam preparation: 

• A short notes of Poverty: A student does not always need big textbooks to do exam preparation. The students can use selfstudys short Poverty Notes to study and to ensure effective learning. These notes are written in an organised manner which can be easy for all the students to learn. 
• Easy to understand language: It can be very hard for the student to memorise a tricky or lengthy definition so in order to help you revise for your exam preparation, selfstudys can help you with Poverty Notes which are written in easy language. 
• Practise questions of Poverty: Selfstudys also has a lot of practice questions of Poverty to test the knowledge of the students. This can be a great way to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the student and to give them an idea of the area where they are lacking and need more practice. 

Features of The Poverty Notes 

These Notes are the most important study material which a student should study to score well in examinations. The important features of these notes are: 

• Detailed Explanations: Each and every topic is explained in detail which can help a student to do through learning. 
• Available in the PDF Form: The Poverty Notes are also available in the PDF Format which can easily downloaded in Mobile, Laptop, Tablet etc. and can be carried anywhere. 
• Each and Every Topic is covered: It can also be ensured that a student will not miss any topic while doing exam preparation from these Notes as each and every course topic is covered in these notes. 
• Developed as per the latest CBSE Curriculum: These Notes are developed as per the latest CBSE Curriculum to create a strong base for the student. 
• Time Management: The Poverty Notes help in time management for the students as they can complete their entire syllabus in less time and will have extra time for other study materials. 
• Quick Revision: These Notes can help in doing the quick revision of the students and tell them the area where they are lacking and need more practice. 

How Do the Poverty Notes are prepared? 

The Notes are prepared as per the latest curriculum of CBSE. All the topics are covered in simpler and easy to learn languages to help students score well in the exams. Scoring good marks in class 12 is very important as it helps students to select their desired field. 

Advantages of Poverty Notes 

Below are the advantages of these Notes: 

• Forces students to pay attention: Throughout the preparation, these Notes force students to pay attention. Which can improve their skills and understanding of concepts. 
• Keeps an academic record of the student: The Poverty Notes PDF keeps an academic record of the student which can be helpful for them. 
• Helps to revise all the topics: These Notes PDF helps to revise all the topics in the syllabus. Through the last minute revision, students can remember each and every concept. 
• Improves Creativity Level: The Poverty Notes improves the creativity level of the students as all the topics are developed in the creative manner that forces the student to increase their creative thinking. 
• Acts as a study tool: It can act as a study tool for all the students who are doing exam preparation. These notes can help a student to score well in their examinations. 

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NCERT Notes for Class 12 Economics Chapter 4 POVERTY

Class 12 economics chapter 4 poverty.

NCERT Notes for Class 12 Economics Chapter 4  POVERTY , (Economics) exam are Students are taught thru NCERT books in some of the state board and CBSE Schools. As the chapter involves an end, there is an exercise provided to assist students to prepare for evaluation. Students need to clear up those exercises very well because the questions inside the very last asked from those.

Sometimes, students get stuck inside the exercises and are not able to clear up all of the questions.  To assist students, solve all of the questions, and maintain their studies without a doubt, we have provided step-by-step NCERT Notes for the students for all classes.  These answers will similarly help students in scoring better marks with the assist of properly illustrated Notes as a way to similarly assist the students and answer the questions right

WHO ARE THE POOR?

HOW ARE POOR PEOPLE IDENTIFIED?

To provide minimum basic amenities to the people.

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Chapter 4 IED Poverty

• Chapter 1 IED Indian Economy On The Eve Of Independence
• Chapter 2 IED Indian Economy 1950-1990
• Chapter 3 IED Liberalisation, Privatisation And Globalisation
• Chapter 5 IED Human Capital Formation In India
• Chapter 6 IED Rural Development
• Chapter 7 IED Employment: Growth Informalisation Other Issues
• Chapter 8 IED Infrastructure
• Chapter 9 IED Environment And Sustainable Development
• Chapter 10 IED Comparative Development Experiences of India

Policies and Programmes towards Poverty Alleviation

Last updated at April 16, 2024 by Teachoo

What are Poverty Alleviation Measures

It refers to steps taken by Government for reduction of Poverty

Note- In all policy documents as well as Constitution emphasis being laid on poverty alleviation

As per Indian Constituition Social Justice is the primary objective of development strategy of government In Five Years Plans and Policy Documents Empahsis has been on poverty alleviation Example As per First Five Year Plan (1951-56), “the urge to bring economic and social change under present conditions comes from the fact of poverty and inequalities in income, wealth and opportunity” Second Five Year Plan (1956-61) also pointed out that “the benefits of economic development must accrue more and more to the relatively less privileged classes of society”

Steps Taken by Govt for Poverty Alleviation

Govt Approach towards reducing Poverty

Govt has followed 3 Approaches:

1 Growth Oriented Approach

Increase in GDP will generate income for all sections of society including poor

2 Creating Additional Asset for Work Generation

It means launching different schemes through which poor will get work and able to earn a living

3 Providing Basic Amenity to People

It means providing food,education,health facility free or at concessional rate to poor

Let learn about in detail one by one

NCERT Questions

Question 10.

Suppose you are a resident of a village, suggest a few measures to tackle the problem of poverty in your village.

Few measures to tackle the problem of poverty in my village:

• Providing training to the residents so that they are equipped with the desired skills
• Motivating people to set up theirn own businesses and become job providers rather than job seekers
• Development of infrastructure
• Improving agricultural techniques to increase efficiency
• Making people aware about family planning

MCQ Other Books

In the following questions, select the correct answers:

Which of the following was not the approach taken by the government for poverty alleviation?

• Providing Basic Amenity to People
• Growth Oriented Approach
• Improving nourishment levels
• Creating Additional Asset for Work Generation

C. Improving nourishment levels

Explanation

1. Growth Oriented Approach

2. Creating Additional Asset for Work Generation

3. Providing Basic Amenity to People

It means providing food, education, health facility free or at concessional rate to poor

This list does not have Improving nourishment levels point

Policies and Programs towards Poverty Alleviation Steps taken by Govt towards Reduction of Poverty As per Indian Constitution Social Justice is the primary objective As per First Five-Year Plan (1951-56), Economic change Required because of Poverty, Inequality of Income Second Five Year Plan (1956-61) also pointed out that The benefits of economic development must reach less privileged classes of society In all policy documents as well as Constitution emphasis being laid on poverty alleviation Different Poverty Alleviation Measures Steps Taken by Govt for Poverty Alleviation Growth Oriented Approach Specific Poverty Alleviation Programs for Work Generation Providing Basic Amenity to People Increase in GDP will generate income for all sections of society including poor It means launching different schemes through which poor will get work and able to earn a living It means providing food, Education ,health facility free or at concessional rate to poor

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Poverty Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on poverty essay.

“Poverty is the worst form of violence”. – Mahatma Gandhi.

How Poverty is Measured?

For measuring poverty United nations have devised two measures of poverty – Absolute & relative poverty.  Absolute poverty is used to measure poverty in developing countries like India. Relative poverty is used to measure poverty in developed countries like the USA. In absolute poverty, a line based on the minimum level of income has been created & is called a poverty line.  If per day income of a family is below this level, then it is poor or below the poverty line. If per day income of a family is above this level, then it is non-poor or above the poverty line. In India, the new poverty line is  Rs 32 in rural areas and Rs 47 in urban areas.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Causes of Poverty

According to the Noble prize winner South African leader, Nelson Mandela – “Poverty is not natural, it is manmade”. The above statement is true as the causes of poverty are generally man-made. There are various causes of poverty but the most important is population. Rising population is putting the burden on the resources & budget of countries. Governments are finding difficult to provide food, shelter & employment to the rising population.

The other causes are- lack of education, war, natural disaster, lack of employment, lack of infrastructure, political instability, etc. For instance- lack of employment opportunities makes a person jobless & he is not able to earn enough to fulfill the basic necessities of his family & becomes poor. Lack of education compels a person for less paying jobs & it makes him poorer. Lack of infrastructure means there are no industries, banks, etc. in a country resulting in lack of employment opportunities. Natural disasters like flood, earthquake also contribute to poverty.

In some countries, especially African countries like Somalia, a long period of civil war has made poverty widespread. This is because all the resources & money is being spent in war instead of public welfare. Countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, etc. are prone to natural disasters like cyclone, etc. These disasters occur every year causing poverty to rise.

Ill Effects of Poverty

Poverty affects the life of a poor family. A poor person is not able to take proper food & nutrition &his capacity to work reduces. Reduced capacity to work further reduces his income, making him poorer. Children from poor family never get proper schooling & proper nutrition. They have to work to support their family & this destroys their childhood. Some of them may also involve in crimes like theft, murder, robbery, etc. A poor person remains uneducated & is forced to live under unhygienic conditions in slums. There are no proper sanitation & drinking water facility in slums & he falls ill often &  his health deteriorates. A poor person generally dies an early death. So, all social evils are related to poverty.

Government Schemes to Remove Poverty

The government of India also took several measures to eradicate poverty from India. Some of them are – creating employment opportunities , controlling population, etc. In India, about 60% of the population is still dependent on agriculture for its livelihood. Government has taken certain measures to promote agriculture in India. The government constructed certain dams & canals in our country to provide easy availability of water for irrigation. Government has also taken steps for the cheap availability of seeds & farming equipment to promote agriculture. Government is also promoting farming of cash crops like cotton, instead of food crops. In cities, the government is promoting industrialization to create more jobs. Government has also opened  ‘Ration shops’. Other measures include providing free & compulsory education for children up to 14 years of age, scholarship to deserving students from a poor background, providing subsidized houses to poor people, etc.

Poverty is a social evil, we can also contribute to control it. For example- we can simply donate old clothes to poor people, we can also sponsor the education of a poor child or we can utilize our free time by teaching poor students. Remember before wasting food, somebody is still sleeping hungry.

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• Poverty Essay

Poverty in India Essay

500+ words poverty in india essay.

Poverty is defined as a condition in which a person or family lacks the financial resources to afford a basic, minimum standard of living. Poor people don’t have adequate income; they can’t afford housing, health facilities and education which are essential for basic survival. So, poverty can be understood simply as a lack of money, or more broadly, barriers to everyday human life. With the help of this poverty essay, students will understand the meaning of poverty, the major causes of poverty and the efforts taken to eliminate poverty in India. So, students must go through this poverty in India essay in depth to get ideas on how to write effective essays and score high marks in exams.

What Causes Poverty?

There are various factors that are responsible for poverty. The major causes are unemployment, illiteracy, increasing population, and lack of proper education and training. As people are not able to find work for themselves, they are not able to earn their livelihood. Due to this, they lack access to basic education, health care, drinking water and sanitation. They are unable to feed their families and children. The other causes of poverty include war, natural disasters, political instability, etc. For example, World War II impacted many countries and they had to suffer from poverty for a long time. It took a lot of effort for such countries to recover their normal state. Similarly, natural disasters affect some areas so badly that poverty and hunger arise.

How is Poverty Measured in India?

The minimum expenditure (or income) required to purchase a basket of goods and services necessary to satisfy basic human needs is called the Poverty Line. Poverty can be measured in terms of the number of people living below this line. It is measured by the State Governments and information is provided by Below Poverty Line (BPL) censuses. Different countries use different measures for measuring poverty but the basic concept remains the same. The definition of the poverty line remains the same, i.e, consumption required for maintaining the minimum standard of living in a country.

Efforts to Eliminate Poverty

Earning income is the first step towards poverty eradication. Poverty can be eliminated by empowering people, and by giving them a good education that will prepare them to have a better career and future. With the help of education, people can get good jobs which allow them to earn a good living. In this way, they will be able to provide their children with a better life. People should be given easy access to transportation, information, communication, technologies, and other public facilities and services to help remove poverty.

The government has also taken several steps to eradicate poverty in India. It has launched various programmes and schemes such as the Five Years Programme, Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana, Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana etc. These programmes help to generate wage employment for the poor, unskilled people living in rural areas. The government also has social security programmes to help a few specific groups such as poor women, elder people, and widows. Apart from these government initiatives, citizens of India have to take an active part in eliminating poverty because it can’t be achieved by just a few people. It needs the support of everyone.

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Frequently asked Questions on Poverty in India Essay

How can poverty in india be abolished completely.

Abolishing poverty in India completely can be challenging. Steps should be taken to ensure equality in education so that everyone gets equal opportunities to find better livelihoods. Proper sanitation and water facility 3. Economic security and development

When was the first plan implemented for Poverty abolition?

The fifth five-year plan was first implemented in the year 1974-79 and since then the government has taken several steps and made many reservations to take this plan forward.

What is the relation between Poverty abolition and economic development?

Poverty abolition and economic development go hand in hand with each other and they are interlinked to each other. Eradication of poverty automatically improves the overall economic situation of a country.

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• Poverty Class 12 Notes...

Poverty Class 12 Notes Economics

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Download CBSE class 12th revision notes for Poverty class 12 Notes Economics in PDF format for free. Download revision notes for Poverty class 12 Notes Economics and score high in exams. These are the Poverty class 12 Notes Economics prepared by team of expert teachers. The revision notes help you revise the whole chapter in minutes. Revising notes in exam days is on of the best tips recommended by teachers during exam days.

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Revision Notes of Class 12 Poverty

Poverty is the inability to fulfill the minimum requirement of life like food, clothing, housing education and health facilities etc.

Relative poverty refers to poverty of people in comparison to other people in different region or nations.

Absolute poverty refers to total number of people living below the poverty line.

Absolute poverty is measured on the basis of two criteria:-

1. Minimum Calories Consumption Criteria 2. Minimum Consumption Expenditure Criteria

1. Minimum Calories Consumption:- People who are not getting 2400 calories per person per day in rural areas and 2100 calories in urban area is considered to be living below poverty line.

2. Minimum Consumption Expenditure Criteria:-  The new poverty line, thus, translates to a monthly per capita consumption expenditure of Rs 972 in rural areas and Rs 1,407 in urban areas in 2011-12. Or, Rs 32 in rural areas and Rs 47 in urban areas on a per capita daily basis.

Poverty line refers to that line which expresses per capita average monthly expenditure that is essentially required by the people to satisfy their minimum needs. As per Tendulkar committee, poverty line is estimated in monthly basis as Rs. 816 in rural areas and Rs. 1000 in urban areas. People who are not able to earn even such amount in a month are considered below poverty line.

According to a survey, approx. 22% population in India is blow poverty line.

Estimation of poverty line: Calories based estimation— For rural area intake calorie was estimated at 2,400 calories and for urban area it is 2,100 calories,

In 1999-2000 new ways of measuring started i.e. monthly per capita expenditure–it estimates for rural area as consumption worth Rs. 816 per persons and for urban areas it is Rs. 1000 Presently as per Tendulkar committee.

Three approach of govt to combat poverty.

Approach 1. Enhancing Economic Growth 2. Specific Programmes for Poverty Alleviation 3. Fulfilling Minimum Needs of the poor

Vicious Circle of Poverty:- It refers to situation of self reinforcing  forces in which there are certain factors that are related in a circular way and results in continuation of poverty and under development.

Causes of Poverty:

1. Rapid increase in population. 2. Low level of National product. 3. Rise in price. 4. Unemployment. 5. Low rate of growth. 6. Capital deficiency. 7. Rural Indebtedness 8. Exploitation under British rule 9. Low education 10.  Inflationary Pressure 11. High Level of Migration from  rural areas 12. Failure to implement land reforms.

Measures adopted by the Government to remove poverty.

1. Food for work programme. 2. Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana. 3. Pradhan Mantri Gramodoya Yojana. 4. Sompoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana. 5. Swarn Jayanti Shahri Rozgar Yojana. 6. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme. 7. Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana

Programme adopted by govt. to help elderly and poor people and also destitute women:-

1. National social assistance programme which includes National Old Age Pension Scheme, National Family Benefit Scheme, National Maternity benefit scheme. 2. Annapurna Yojana 3. On the job training

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Poverty class 11 Notes Economics. CBSE quick revision note for class-11 Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Even if you wish to have an overview of a chapter, quick revision notes are here to do if for you. These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days.

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• Introduction class 11 Notes Economics
• Collection of Data class 11 Notes Economics
• Organisation of Data class 11 Notes Economics
• Presentation of Data class 11 Notes Economics
• Measures of Central Tendency class 11 Notes Economics
• Measures of Dispersion class 11 Notes Economics
• Correlation class 11 Notes Economics
• Introduction to Index Number class 11 Notes Economics
• Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence class 11 Notes Economics
• Indian Economy 1950-1990 class 11 Notes Economics
• Economic Reform Since 1991 class 11 Notes Economics
• Poverty class 11 Notes Economics
• Human Capital Formation in India class 11 Notes Economics
• Rural Development class 11 Notes Economics
• Employment : Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues class 11 Notes Economics
• Infrastructure class 11 Notes Economics
• Environment and Sustainable Development class 11 Notes Economics
• Inflation Problem and Policies class 11 Notes Economics
• Development Experience Of India a Comparison with Neighbours class 11 Notes Economics

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100 Important MCQs of Poverty chapter of Economics Class 12

• January 31, 2022
• Indian Economy , Poverty

Looking for Important (Multiple Choice Questions) MCQs of Poverty Chapter of Macro Economics of Class 12 of CBSE Board, ISC, UPSC and other State Board.

This chapter is concerned with the Current Challenges facing the Indian Economy unit of Economics Class 12.

It is the 4th chapter of the Indian Economic Development Book of Class 12.

Multiple Choice Questions of Poverty Chapter of Macroeconomic Class 12

Let’s solve the MCQs.

1. SJSRY stands for:

a) Swarna Jaynati Shahri Rozgar Yojna b) Shahari Jeewan Sudhar Rashtriya Yojana c) Sampoorna Jeewan Shahari Rozgar Yojna d) None of these

Ans – a)

2. _____ _ poor are the ones who regularly move in and out of poverty.

a) Chronic b) Churning c) Occasionally d) None of these

Ans – b)

3. The earlier ‘Food for work Programme’ has now been converted into:

a) Intensive Area Development Program b) Integrated Rural Development Program c) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Program d) Minimum Needs Program

Ans – c)

4. Which of the following is a characteristic of poor people?

a) Poor health b) Debt Trap c) Smaller Families d) Gender Inequality

Ans – a), b), d)

5. MPCE stands for __

a) Monthly Per Capital Expenditure b) Minimum Per Capita Expenditure c) Maximum Per Capital Expenditure d) None of these

6. Self-employment programmes include:

a) Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana b) Swarna Jayanti Shahri Rozgar Yojana c) National Food for Work Programme d) All of the above

Ans – a), b)

7. Who introduced the concept of ‘Jail Cost of Living’?

a) Mahatma Gandhi b) Dodabhai Naroji c) Jawahar Lal Nehru d) None of these

8. Which one of the following are categorised as “Always Poor”?

a) Chronic Poor b) Occasionally Poor c) Both a) and b) d) Neither a) nor b)

9 . ___ _ refers to poverty of people, in comparison to other people, regions or nations.

a) Absolute Poverty b) Relative Poverty c) Both a) and b) d) Neither a) nor b)

10. Which organization collects data on poverty in India?

a) NSSO b) SJSRY c) MGNERGA d) None of these

11. Transient poor includes:

a) Occasionally poor b) Churning Poor c) Never Poor d) Usually Poor

12. In which year, “National Food for Work Programme” was launched?

a) 2008 b) 1999 c) 2004 d) 2010

13. When was Natinoal Social Assistance Programme Initiated?

a) 15th August 1996 b) 15th August 1998 c) 15th August 1997 d) 15th August 1995

Ans – d)

14. The Programme initiated by the Government to improve food and nutritional level of poor was:

a) Public Distribution System b) Integrated Child Development Scheme c) Midday Meal Scheme d) All of these

15. Reason for chronic indebtedness among the poors.

a) Poor work mainly as landless agricultural laborers b) Poor borrow money from lenders who charge high rates of interest c) The poor are highly vulnerable. They are not able to negotiate their legal wages from employers and are exploited d) Poors and landless. Even if some of them possess land, it is only dry or wasteland.

Explanation:- Poor are unable to maintain debt payment, their accounts are suspended, and their total debt continues to grow because of interest that leads them into chronic indebtedness.

16. How economists identity the poor?

a) On the basis of their wealth b) On the basis of their annual income c) on the basis of their occupation and ownership of assets d) On the basis of their savings

Explanation:- Many poor are landless. Even if some of them possess the land, it is only dry or wasteland. So, economists directly relate asset and ownership with poor, i.e. less asset and ownership means more poverty.

17. Why poor have very limited economic opportunities?

a) As they live in a rural area b) Scarcity of funds c) Lack of basic literacy and skills d) All of these

Explanation:- Literacy is the basic key to gain employment and attaining economic development. The poor lack basic literacy and skills and hence have very limited economic opportunities.

18. In pre independent India. Who was the first to discuss the concept of a poverty line?

a) Dadabhai Naroji b) V.K.R.V Rao c) R.C Desai d) Findly Shirras

Explanation:- One of the earliest estimations of poverty was done by Dadahai Naoroji in his book. Poverty and the Un-British Rule in India. He formulated a poverty line ranging from ₹16 to ₹35 per capita per year, based on 1867-68 prices.

19. Amartya Se, noted Noble Laureate, has developed an index known as

a) Poverty Gap Index b) Sen Index c) SQuared Poverty Gap d) Income disparity Gap Index

Explanation:- Amartya Sen, noted Noble Laureate, has developed an index known as sen index. it is defined as the average poverty gap in the population as a proportion of the poverty line.

20. The official data on poverty is made available to the public by the

a) NSSO b) Planning commission c) Government of India d) None of the above

21. Why per head availability of land for cultivation has steadily declined?

a) Rapid growth of population and without alternative sources of employment b) Lands and water bodies are getting polluted due to excessive and improper use of agro chemicals c) Drought has a massive impact on agriculture, land and on the ecosystem also d) All of the above

22. The government’s approach to poverty reduction was of _________dimensional.

a) one b) two c) three d) four

Explanation:- The government’s approach to poverty reduction was of three dimensions. These dimensions are 1) Growth-oriented approach, 2) Poverty alleviation programs, and 3) Providing minimum basic amenities.

23. Growth-oriented approach was not much successful because

I) of population growth II) of the green revolution exacerbated III) there was unwillingness and inability to redistribute land IV) of unequal distribution of land and other assets

a) Only – I b) I and II c) I, II, III d) I, II, III, IV

24. Which is not belongs to poverty allevaiation programmes?

a) Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP) b) Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana c) Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana d) National Social Assistance Programme

25. In August 2005, the Parliament passed a new act to provide guaranteed wage employment to every rural household whose adult volunteer is to do unskilled manual work for a minimum of 100 days in a year. This act is known as

a) Mahatama Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. b) Minimum Wages Act c) Minimum Wages Guarantee Act d) Rural Employment Guarantee Act

26. Which schemes was launched in 2001 to improve the living condition of a slum?

a) Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana b) Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana c) Gramin Awas Yojana d) Rajiv Awas Yojana

27. Transient poor can be further categorized into

a) absolute and relative b) churning and very c) absolute and occasionally d) churning and occasionally

28. British rule in India is to be considered as one of the major reasons for poverty. Out of the following, find the correct reason for poverty due to British rule.

I – Industrial sector was destroyed II – People forced to depend on agriculture III – Poor depends on indebtedness Iv – Farmers are compelled to sell their produce at a low price V – charged high taxes

a) I,II,III and IV b) I, II, IV and V c) I, II, and V d) III, IV and V

29. United Nations Development Programme has identified two categories of poverty

I) Income POverty II) Relative Poverty III) Absolute Poverty IV) Human Poverty V) Rural Poverty VI) Urban Poverty

a) I and III b) I and IV c) II and III d) V and VI

30. With which disparity of income and its distribution are associated?

a) Absolute Poverty b) Relative Poverty c) Chronic Poverty d) All of the above

31. Relative Poverty is prevalent in:

a) Capitalist Countries b) Socialist Countries c) Communist Countries d) Developed Countries

32. Absolute Poverty is prevalent in:

a) Communist Countries b) Developing Economics c) Socialist Economics d) Developed Countries

33. Estimation of Poverty in rural economies is at per day consumption of calories:

a) Less than 2200 b) Less than 2100 c) Less than 2400 d) Less than 2000

34. Estimation of poverty in urban areas is at the consumption of per dy calories is:

a) Less than 2000 b) Less than 2100 c) Less than 2400 d) Less than 2200

35. What is the main reason for poverty in India in urban areas?

a) Lack of Professional Education b) Unequal Distribution c) Lack of Family Planning Facilities d) Money Inflation

36. Which of the following statement is not true regarding the causes of Poverty in India?

a) Excessive dependence on agriculture b) Rapid increase in population c) Wide prevalence of illiteracy d) The reduction in income disparity

37. Which of the following statement is true regarding the failure of poverty alleviation programs in India:

a) The poor still lack the basic amenity b) The improper implementation of various schemes c) Succes of the land reform policies d) The ill motives of bureaucrats.

Ans – b), d)

38. Which of the following is prominent in the Indian Economy?

a) Relative Poverty b) Absolute poverty c) Both a) and b) d) None of these

39. A cut off point (in terms of per capita expenditure) dividing people as poor and nonpoor indicates the number of those who are:

a) relatively poor b) absolutely poor c) below the poverty line d) Both b) and c)

40. In India, absolute poverty is measured with reference to:

a) Poverty line b) GDP c) per capita income d) unemployment

41. Which of the following is a reason for poverty in India?

a) Low rate of growth b) Inflation c) Inadequacy of capital d) All of these

42. Poverty continues to persist in India, because of:

a) rising prices b) rising population c) lack of opportunities for employment d) all of these

43. The people who never move above the poverty line are called:

a) chronic poor b) non-poor c) both a) and b) d) None of these

44. Rural poor includes:

a) landless laborers only b) marginal farmers only c) tenants at will only d) all of these

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• Poverty in India Essay for Students in English

Essay on Poverty In India

People living in poverty do not have enough money for basic necessities such as food and shelter. An example of poverty is the state a person is in when he is homeless and does not have enough money. The rate of poverty in India is increasing because of the population in the urban areas. Most importantly, crores of peoples are below the poverty line and most of the people are on the borderline of poverty. Poverty in India is seen mainly in the rural areas because of the uneducated and unemployed and increased population. Many people do not afford to get proper foods for their daily life and even they don’t have their own homes, they sleep on the footpath or road, more populations need more food, money, and for staying houses but due to lack of this poverty grows very quickly, thus in addition rich are growing richer and the poor becoming more poorer which becomes difficult to fill the gap. Poverty has many effects like it reduces poor housing, illiteracy, increase the rate of child labour and unemployment, poor hygiene hence these poor people can not afford a balanced diet, nice clothes, well education etc. reason only because they don’t have much money to afford this. Poverty can be controlled by giving them proper education and also providing the proper facilities to the farmers so that those farmers get more profitable and do not migrate to cities in search of employment. Also, the illiterate people should get proper education to make their life better. Family planning is also essential for coming out of poverty. Poverty in our country is from ancient times. Even earlier times the poor people were not given the place that rich people used to get even if they were not allowed to enter religious places. Main causes of poverty are like unemployment, lack of education, poor utilization of resources, corruption and poor government policy.

How You Can Improve or Solve Poverty in India?

Poverty can be solved by improving food security by providing three meals a day and making them healthy and providing houses for those people at low cost and giving them proper education and facilities so that they can earn well and take care of their family and live a peaceful life. Awareness on population so that once the population is under control, the economy of the country will improve and move towards development and decrease in the poverty line. Poverty is becoming a complex problem for the people and for the government. How to overcome this, in India the poverty is high compared to other countries because the growth rate of per capita income per person is very low.

With lack of job opportunities many people move as a rickshaw puller, construction workers, domestic servants etc, with irregular small incomes hence they live in slum areas. Also, lack of land resources has been one of the major causes of poverty in India, even the small farmers of our country lead to poverty because they cultivate but do not get proper money in terms of profit and leads to poverty.

Population of India

The population has been increasing in India at a rapid speed, India’s population in 1991 was around 84.3 crores where was poverty at a high rate but now the current population of our country is around 130 crores whereas the population is almost doubled in last three decades but still not enough done for controlling the poverty in our country. Due to an increase in population, there is more unemployment, hence poverty is just the reflection of unemployment. More capital is required for making industry, giving proper transport facilities and other projects, hence the deficiency of its country is still underdeveloped and causes more poverty. Lack of skilled labor also leads to poverty because less-skilled labor have insufficient industrial education and training. Lack of infrastructure means that transport and communication have not been properly developed so that the farmers are not getting fertilizers for cultivation on time and industries do not get power supply and raw materials on time and thus end products are not marketed properly and not reachable on time. Because of poverty sometimes we don’t get those things for what we actually are. Hence to come out of poverty our government has to be more serious and also the citizens should take equal responsibilities. Remove the poverty from country governments has started many steps, in last 2-3 years we have seen that they become more serious by bringing GST in the action, demonetization so because of GST all the businessman can pay full tax and which will help to develop the country and the poverty ratio can be reduced. Steps of demonetization were taken so that black money can be utilized for the poor people and poverty can be reduced. We can overcome poverty by following all the guidelines of the government and can be free from poverty.

India's Poverty Factors

One of the biggest problems of poverty in India is the country's rapid population growth. As a result, there is a high rate of illiteracy, poor health-care facilities, and a lack of financial resources. Furthermore, the high population growth rate has an impact on individual income, making individual income much lower. By 2026, India's population is predicted to surpass 1.5 billion, making it the world's largest country. However, Economic growth is not rising at the same rate as the rest of the world. This indicates a labor shortage. About 20 million new jobs will be required to accommodate this big population. If such a vast number of people are poor, the number of poor will keep rising.

How Much Research is Important for Students to Write Good Essays?

The students must realize that brainstorming and a mind map of the essay will take them in the direction of their research. With the advent of the internet, the days are numbered for students who rely on a well-tipped encyclopedia from the school library as their only authoritative source for their story. If there is any real problem for our readers today is reducing their resources to a manageable number. At this stage, it is important to:

Make sure the research material is directly related to the essay work

Record detailed sources of information that they will use in their story

Communicate in person by asking questions and challenging their own bias

Identify the main points that will be highlighted in the story

Gather ideas, arguments, and opinions together

Identify the major issue they will discuss in their case.

Once these stages have been completed by the student, the student will be ready to make his points in a logical order and prepare an essay.

Therefore, the topic discussed on this page is poverty and poverty is not a human problem but a national one. Also, it should be addressed immediately with the implementation of effective measures. In addition, the eradication of poverty has been a prerequisite for sustainable and inclusive growth for individuals, communities, the country and the economy.

Paragraph Tips on Essay Writing

Each paragraph should focus on one main idea

The Paragraphs should follow a logical sequence, students should collect similar ideas together to avoid collisions

Paragraphs should be stated consistently, learners should be able to choose which line to reverse or skip.

Transition words and similar phrases, as a result, should instead be used to provide flow and provide a bridge between Paragraphs.

General Structure of an Essay

Introduction: Give the reader the essence of the essay. It sets out the broader argument that the story will make and informs the reader of the author's general opinion and method of questioning.

Body Paragraphs: These are the ‘flesh’ of the essay and outline the point made in the introduction by a point with supporting evidence.

Conclusion: Usually the conclusion will repeat the middle argument while providing a summary of the main reasons supporting the story even before linking everything back to the first question.

FAQs on Poverty in India Essay for Students in English

1. What are the Causes of Poverty in India?

The cause of poverty is very obvious in a country like India. The people in India are very careless about the population growth and due to which there is a lot of hassle and unnecessary elevation in population growth rate. This is automatically leading to poverty as there are fewer resources and more people to be served in each state in India. Various causes affect poverty:

Unemployment.

The intensity of population.

The high rate of inflation.

Lack of skilled labor

2. What are the Types of Poverty?

Although there are only two main types of poverty existing in India we will be learning all of them as mentioned in the following lines. The two main classifications of poverty are relative poverty and absolute poverty and both of them emphasize income and consumption. Sometimes, poverty cannot be blamed or associated with economic problems but also it must be associated with society and politics.

There are six types of poverty which are listed below:

Situational poverty.

Generation poverty.

Absolute poverty.

Relative poverty.

Urban poverty.

Rural poverty.

3. How to Reduce the Poverty Line in India?

India is a country that has been under the radar of poverty for centuries. The people of India are making efforts to take themselves out of the poverty line but there are a lot of hindrances. The lack of resources and limited alternatives have thrown the rural and urban residents below the poverty line making life unhealthy and miserable for them. 

Here are some measures listed below

Provide food, shelter and clothes facilities to poor people.

Encourage them for education either male or female. 

Give employment.

4. Why choose Vedantu for referring to the Poverty in India essay for students in English?

Students should refer to Vedantu for downloading as these solutions will be filling you with the basic knowledge of writing essays. There are loads of vocabulary words and phrases which will enable the students to write high-class essays. The Vedantu website provides 100% authentic content which will lead to additional accuracy of the student’s essay. Basic concepts of writing an essay are available free of cost on the Vedantu website. Avoid problems and enjoy hassle-free preparation with the help of Vedantu.

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Vedantu not only provides comprehensive and detailed knowledge to the students but also imparts the ability to study on their own without any hassle to the students. The concept of Poverty in India Essay for Students in English is so beautifully explained in the Vedantu website that anyone who is reading the content and the rules will understand in one instance whatever that person is searching for. The students must know how to write good essays from a very young age and hence the experts at Vedantu are fulfilling that request of the students.

Commerce Aspirant » Economics Class 12 MCQs » Poverty Class 12 MCQ Questions Economics

Poverty Class 12 MCQ Questions Economics

Poverty Class 12 MCQ Questions Economics are covered in this Article. Poverty Class 12 MCQs Test contains 79 questions. Answers to MCQs on Poverty Class 12 Economics are available after clicking on the answer.

Poverty Class 12 MCQ Questions – Multiple Choice Questions

Q1.  The Minimum requirements of a person, include :  – a) Food b) Education c) Car d) Both a and b

Answer: (d) Both a and b

Q2. Poverty is a state in which a person is : – a) Poor b) Does not has proper home c)  Inability to fulfil basic requirements d) None of these

Answer: (c) Inability to fulfil basic requirements

Q3. Urban poor includes a) Street Cobblers b) Road side vendors c) Push cart vendors d) All of these

Answer: (d) All of these

Q4. Landless laborer is an example of a) Urban poor b) Rural poor c) Both a and b d) None of these

Answer: (b) Rural poor

Q5. People who are always below poverty line are termed as a) Chronic poor b) Seasonal poor c) Always Poor d) None of these

Answer: (c) Always Poor

Q6. Which category of poor includes both ‘Always’ and ‘Usually’ poor. a) Churning poor b) Transient poor c) Seasonal poor d) Chronically poor

Answer: (d) Chronically poor

Q7. Which category of poor people keep moving up and down the poverty line : – a) Occasionally poor b) Transient poor c) Churning poor d) Always poor

Answer: (c) Churning poor

Q8. The poverty across other people, regions or countries is known as a) Urban poverty b) Rural poverty c) Relative poverty d) Absolute poverty

Answer: (c) Relative poverty

Q9. Absolute poverty in India is measured through : – a) Poverty line b) Education c) Health d) None of these

Answer: (a)Poverty line

Q10. Percentage of people below poverty line is called : – a) Head Count Ratio b) Poverty incidence ratio c) Both a and b d) None of these

Answer: (c)Both a and b

Q11. The concept of poverty line in India was introduced in a) 1981 b) 1979 c) 1973 d) 1975

Answer: (b)1979

Q12.  From the following states, which state has the highest poverty a) Haryana b) Punjab c) Madhya Pradesh d) UP

Answer: (c)Madhya Pradesh

Q13. What is the cause of poverty ? a) Low Rate of Growth b) Increasing Population c) Underemployment d) All of these

Answer: (d)All of these

Q14. Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana was started in a) 1995 b) 1993 c) 1991 d) 1998

Answer: (b)1993

Q15. Which programme was merged in Swarna Jayanti Shahri Rozgar Yojana a) Nehru Rozgar Yojana b) Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana c) Prime Minister’s Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication d) Both a and c

Answer: (d) a and c

Q16.MNREGA offered employment for a minimum period of a) 150 days b) 200 days c) 100 days d) 120 days

Answer:  (c)100 days

Q17. Integrated Child Development Service was introduced for the children of age group a) 0-10 years b) 0-6 years c) 1-6 years d) 1-10 years

Answer: (b)0-6 years

Q18. Under Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana the account holders were entitled to a) Rs. 1 lakh accident insurance b) Rs. 30,000 life insurance cover c) Rs. 40,000 medical insurance d) Both a and b

Answer: (d)Both a and b

Q19. Which approach is used by the government to overcome the issue of poverty? a) Growth Oriented Approach b) Poverty Alleviation Programme c) Meeting the Minimum Needs of the Poor d) All of these

Q20.The minimum calorie intake for people in rural area is a) 2400 calories b) 2100 calories c) 2200 calories d) None of these

Answer: (a)2400 calories

Q21. What proportion of world’s poor, live in India : – a) One fourth b) One third c) One fifth d) Half

Answer: (c) One fifth

Q22. The Minimum requirements of a person, include :  – a) Health b) Clothing c) Foreign Travel d) Both a and b

Q23.Poverty in India a study from the point of view of a) Rural Poverty b) Urban Poverty c) Both a and b d) None of the above

Q24.Which of the following are the characteristics of urban poor: – a) No or very few assets b) Kutcha hutments as dwellings c) Both a and b d) None of the above

Q25. Which of the following can be classified as rural poor : – a) Street cobblers in towns b) Landless agricultural labourer c) Small land holding cultivators d) Both b and C

Answer: (d)Both b and C

Q26.Which of the following are the characteristics of rural poor: – a) They do not get two meals a day b) Landless c) Both a and b d) None of the above

Q27. Which of the following are characteristics of poor people? a) Hunger starvation b) Limited economic opportunities c) Poor health d) All of the above

Answer: (d)All of the above

Q28.  which of the following is the cause for Limited economic opportunities for rural poor people ? a) Lack of literacy and skills b) Exploitation c) Unstable employment d) All of the above

Q29. Which of the following are characteristics of poor people? a) Debt trap b) Big families c) Gender inequality d) All of the above

Q30. Income of Chaman is 3000 per month, while income of Aman is 4000 per month. In such a case Raman is ______ poor to Aman a) Relatively b) Absolutely c) Officially d) All of the above

Answer: (a)Relatively

Q31.In Absolute poverty, a person fails to reach the: – a) Standard minimum level of consumption b) Standard maximum level of consumption c) Minimum level of consumption d) Maximum level of consumption

Answer: (a)Standard minimum level of consumption

Q32.Dadabhai Naoroji, termed consumption cost as : – a) Hotel cost of living b) Housing cost of living c) Jail cost of living d) None of the above

Answer: (c)Jail cost of living

Q33. Poverty line is a cut-off point on the line of : – a) Distribution b) Consumption c) Accumulation d) All of the above

Answer: (a)Distribution

Q34. Poverty lines tries to capture : – a) Socially desirable minimum living standards b) Socially acceptable minimum living standards c) Internationally acceptable minimum living standards d) All of the above

Answer: (b)Socially acceptable minimum living standards

Q35. Relative poverty _____ considers how poor, the poor person is : – a) Does b) Does not c) Should not d) None of the above

Answer: (b)Does not

Q36. The minimum calorie intake for people in urban area is a) 2400 calories b) 2100 calories c) 2200 calories d) None of these

Answer: (b)2100 calories

Q37. MPCE method of determining the poverty line has been criticized because: – a) It does not differentiate between various categories of poor b) Ignores factors like income and asset of the poor c) Does not considers social factors responsible for poverty d) All of the above

Q38.The Sen index for determining poverty was developed by: – a) Amatya b) Amartya c) Atmay d) None of the above

Answer: (b)Mr. Amartya

Q39. Headcount ratio is calculated by dividing the number of people below the poverty line by: – a) Total poor b) Urban poor c) Rural poor d) Total population

Answer: (d)Total population

Q40. Over the years, the gap between the rich and the poor in India has a) Reduced b) Curtailed c) Increased d) Decreased

Answer: (c)Increased

Q41. Which of the following is not a dimension of the Government approach to reduce poverty? a) Poverty elevation programs b) Growth oriented approach c) Minimum Queens program d) Both a and b

Answer: (c) Minimum Queens Programme

Q42. Which of the following are part of the Minimum Needs programme? a) Public Distribution system b) Integrated Child Development Scheme c) Mid-day meal scheme d) All of the above

Q43. Which of the following have contributed to the unsatisfactory results of poverty alleviation programme? a) Unequal distribution of assets b) Improper implementation of the programmes c) Lack of resources d) All of the above

Q44. Which of the following can contribute and make poverty alleviation programmes more effective? a) Active involvement of the poor in the growth process b) Empowering poor people c) Social mobilization of the poor people d) All of the above

Q45. _____ is the inability to meet the basic necessities of life. a) Unemployment b) Poverty c) Both A and B d) None of these

Answer: (b)Poverty

Q46. In urban areas, poor are largely ____ of the rural poor, who migrate there in search of employment and livelihood. a) Lack b) Overflow c) Underflow d) None of these

Answer: (b) Overflow

Q47. In state of ___ poverty, a person lives in poverty, grows in poverty and dies in poverty. a) Chronic b) Transient c) Churning d) None of these

Answer: (a) Chronic

Q48. Churning poor and occasionally poor are collectively called___. (a) Occasionally poor b) Transient poor c) Churning poor d) Always poor

Answer: (b) Transient poor

Q49. ____ and ____ are the two measures to determine poverty. a) Urban and Rural b) Relative and Absolute c) Real and Nominal d) None of these

Answer: (b)Relative and Absolute

Q50. ___ poverty is not measured with reference to poverty line : – a) Absolute b) Relative c) Both a and b d) None of these

Answer: (b) Relative

Q51. The percentage of population below poverty line is ____ in different states. a) Different b) Same c) Equal d) None of these

Answer: (a) Different

Q52. Relative poverty is also interpreted in terms of ____ within the country. (a) Inequality of income (b) Consumption (c) Both a and b (d) None of these

Answer: (a)Inequality of income

Q53. People having income below the poverty line are termed as___. a) Rich b) Nourished c) Poor d) All of these

Answer: (c)Poor

Q54. The Concept of poverty was first discussed by____ in India. a) Jawaharlal Nehru b) Indira Gandhi c) Dadabhai Naoroji d) Amartya Sen

Answer: (c)Dadabhai Naoroji

Q55. Poverty line norms for Monetary value of Minimum calories intake was set up by_____. a) Nehru Committee b) Tendulkar committee c) Both a and b d) None of these

Answer: (b)Tendulkar committee

Q56. _____ has more population below poverty line in comparison to____. a) Haryana, Punjab b) Punjab, Haryana c) Punjab, Sri Lanka d) None of these

Answer: (a) Haryana, Punjab

Q57. Both rural and urban poverty has shown a significant ____from 1972-73. a) Decline b) Growth c) Increase d) None of these

Answer: (a)Decline

Q58. Rural poor includes___ a) Landless agricultural labourer b) Land owning agricultural labourer c) Land owning urban employees d) None of these

Answer: (a) Landless agricultural labourer

Q59. Poverty line cut-off can be determined either in terms of ____ or in terms of calorie intake. a) Monthly per capital expenditure b) Monthly Consumption c) Monthly Physical Activity d) None of these

Answer: (a)Monthly per capital expenditure

Q60.Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP) was initiated by____. a) NSIC b) KVIC c) PMRY d) DCE

Answer: (b)KVIC

61. ________ is the approach based on the expectation that benefits of economic growth will reach all sections of society. ( Fill in the blank with correct option) a) Trickle down approach b) Poverty alleviation approach c) Providing basic amenities d) None of the above

Answer: (a) Trickle down approach

62. In pre-independent India ______ was the first one to talk about the poverty line. ( Fill in the blank with correct alternative) a) VKRV Rao b) Dadabhai Naoroji c) Norman Borlang d) Jawaharlal Nehru

Answer: (b) Dadabhai Naoroji

63. _______ was given by Dadabhai naoroji . ( Fill in the blank with correct alternative) a) Poverty line b) Food for work c) Jail cost d) Income approach

Answer: (c) Jail cost

64. In ______ planning commission of India formed a study group for poverty. a) 1979 b) 1989 c) 1962 d) 2005

Answer: (c) 1962

65. Read the following statement given below and choose the correct alternative Statement 1- To define poverty, we divide people into two categories; poor and the non-poor Statement 2- Poverty line separates poor from non-poor a) Both are correct b) Both are incorrect c) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect d) Statement 1 is incorrect and statement 2 is correct

Answer: (a) Both are correct

66. Read the following statement given below and choose the correct alternative Statement 1- Development is about removing the obstacles to the things that a person can do in life . Statement 2- Reforms introduced in 1990s have been reduced according to government a) Both are correct b) Both are incorrect c) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect d) Statement 1 is incorrect and statement 2 is correct

67. Read the following statement given below and choose the correct alternative Statement 1- The causes of poverty lie in the institutional and social factors Statement 2- The main victims of caste, religion and other discriminatory practices are rich people a) Both are correct b) Both are incorrect c) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect d) Statement 1 is incorrect and statement 2 is correct

Answer: (c) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect

68. Read the following statement given below and choose the correct alternative Statement 1- Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme Act was passed in October 2005. Statement 2- Mahatma Gandhi National rural employment guarantee scheme act, was launched in 2007 a) Both are correct b) Both are incorrect c) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect d) Statement 1 is incorrect and statement 2 is correct

Answer: (b) Both are incorrect

69. Choose the correctly matched pair from the following

a) A-1 b) B-2 c) C-3 d) D-4

Answer: (a) A-1

70. Choose the correctly matched pair from the following

a) A-2 b) B-3 c) C-1 d) D-4

Answer: (b) B-3

71. Read the following statement given below and choose the correct alternative Assertion (A)- Poverty and illiteracy go hand in hand Reason ( R)- Due to poor living conditions and lack of resources parents are unable to send their children to school a) Both assertion and reason are true. Reason is the correct explanation of assertion b) Both assertion and reason are true. Reason is not the correct explanation of assertion c) Assertion is true but reason is not d) Reason is true but assertion is not

Answer: (a) Both assertion and reason are true. Reason is the correct explanation of assertion

72. Read the following statement given below and choose the correct alternative Assertion (A)- Since independence, Indian government has attempted to redistribute land Reason (R )- Farmers in India have less fertile land and depends upon rain a) Both assertion and reason are true. Reason is the correct explanation of assertion b) Both assertion and reason are true. Reason is not the correct explanation of assertion c) Assertion is true but reason is not d) Reason is true but assertion is not

Answer: (b) Both assertion and reason are true. Reason is not the correct explanation of assertion

73. Read the following statement given below and choose the correct alternativE Assertion (A)- SCs and STs are not able to participate in the emerging employment activities Reason (R )- SCs and STs do not have proper skills and knowledge a) Both assertion and reason are true. Reason is the correct explanation of assertion b) Both assertion and reason are true. Reason is not the correct explanation of assertion c) Assertion is true but reason is not d) Reason is true but Assertion is not

74. Poverty lines comes out to be three fourth of; ( choose the correct alternative) a) Total number of poor people in the country b) Number of transient poor c) Adults Jail cost of living d) Adults of jail cost of living

Answer: (c) Adults Jail cost of living

75. Poverty line separates; ( choose the correct alternative) a) Poor and non poor b) More poor and less poor c) Poor and very poor d) Transient and chronic poor

Answer: (a) Poor and non poor

Read the Case study given below and answer the questions that follows

In spite of long periods of solid financial development in India, country destitution actually influences a huge number of families. In 2005, the public authority made the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) to address provincial destitution. The plan, which submits the public authority to furnishing grown-up individuals from provincial families with 100 days of paid work, ought to give a progressive wellbeing net to country families. However debasement, deficient managerial limit, an absence of mindfulness among numerous country occupants, and control by persuasive political and financial entertainers have subverted it.

76. MGNREGA provides ______ days of guaranteed wage employment. (Fill in the blank with correct option) a) 200 days b) 100 days c) 500 days d) 450 days

Answer: (b) 100 days

77. MGNREGA focuses on giving employment to ; ( choose the correct alternative) a) Skilled labour b) Unskilled manual labour c) Manual labour d) All of the above

Answer: (b) Unskilled manual labour

78. Read the following statement given below and choose the correct alternativE Statement 1- MGNREGA was started by Mahatma Gandhi Statement 2- Under MGNREGA scheme if anyone doesn’t get work within 15 days of registration, they are entitled for employment allowances. a) Both are correct b) Both are incorrect c) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect d) Statement 1 is incorrect and statement 2 is correct

Answer: (d) Statement 1 is incorrect and statement 2 is correct

79. Which of the following were the reasons for undermining of MGNREGA (Choose the correct alternative) a) Insufficient administrative capacities b) Lack of awareness c) Corruption d) All of the above

Answer: (d) All of the above

CBSE Class 12 Economics Term 1 MCQ Based Questions

Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics

• Money and Banking Class 12 MCQs – 6 Marks
• Government Budget and the Economy – 6 Marks
• Balance of Payments Class 12 MCQs – 6 Marks
• Foreign Exchange Rate MCQs

Part B: Indian Economic Development

Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991:- 12 Marks

• Indian Economy on the eve of Independence MCQs
• Indian Economy (1950-90) MCQs
• Economic Reforms since 1991 MCQs

Current challenges facing Indian Economy – 10 Marks

• Poverty MCQs
• Human Capital Formation MCQs
• Rural development MCQs

Frequently Asked Questions on Poverty Class 12 MCQ Questions

1. Are these MCQ’s on Poverty Class 12 Economics are based on 2021-22 CBSE Pattern ?

Yes . There are 79 MCQ’s on this Chapter in this blog.

2. Are you giving all the chapters of Economics Class 12 which are given in CBSE syllabus for 2021-22 ?

Yes, we have provide total of 400+ MCQ from all chapters.

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Essay on “Poverty in India” Complete Essay for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.

Essay No. 01

Poverty in India

“Poverty is the sum total of a multiplicity of fact others that include not just income and calorie intake but also access to land and credit, nutrition, health and longevity, literacy and safe drinking water, sanitation and other infrastructural facilities.”

In India, it is estimated that about 350-400 million people are living below the poverty line, 75 per cent of them in the rural areas. More than 30 per cent of the population is illiterate. With women, tribal and scheduled castes particularly affected.

The main causes of poverty are illiteracy, a population growth rate by far exceeding the economic growth rate for the better part of the past 60 years, protectionist policies pursued since 1947 to 1991 which prevented large amounts of foreign investment in the country.

Poverty alleviation is expected to make better progress in the next 50 years than in the past, as a trickle- down effect of the growing middle class. Increasing stress on education, reservation of seats in government jobs and the increasing empowerment of women and the economically weaker sections of society are also expected to contribute to the alleviation of poverty.

‘Where there is no happiness for all, there cannot be happiness for any’. This is a fundamental truth successful nations around the world have discovered. They have structured their societies in such a way that though there may  be inequalities in incomes and levels of enjoyment of the good things of life, the basics of a modern life are not denied to anyone.

What are these basics? Answers vary for each country. For India, these are; education. Health care, housing, water electricity, cooking fuel, old age support, sanitation, and employment. Providing these for all citizens is to both attack poverty and pave way for growth.

Essay No. 02

Poverty is one of the toughest problems that India is facing today. Quite oddly, in spite of all the progress that India has made during the years, the monster of poverty has not been eliminated. A great segment of our society is still living below the poverty line.

The most distressing feature of our social system is that we have at present all the more glaring contrasts and disparities in incomes and life styles. Whereas on the one hand we have millionaires and even billionaires, on the other hand, we have teeming millions who cannot 0$ make both ends meet. And then with the rise in prices of essential commodities, their real incomes are further shrinking.

Nothing is without cause. Similarly, there are definite causes for this stark poverty. Illiteracy is one of such causes. The world has moved fast during the last some years. But the illiterate or semi-literate people F are unable to keep pace with the world. Hence, they cannot find a job. Even if they are able to find one, it is not lucrative enough to enable  them to earn enough for themselves and for their family. Hence, they have to lead a marginal life.

Many parents, particularly in rural areas and those belonging to lower strata of life are superstitious. They do not allow their children to I learn new arts and services. They consider some arts such as singing, dancing, painting, etc. to be immoral even if their child has a strong  aptitude for it.

Many people are lethargic and they do not want to do anything. Then there is so much corruption at all levels that they dare not take a risk in investing in any venture. Also cut-throat competition in every field discourages new entrants.

The remedy lies in a house to house survey. Seats in services should be reserved for economically weaker persons. Those who want to set up a small scale industry or start a business should be given liberal loans at low interests. Really indigent and helpless persons, particularly the senior citizens, the disabled and the widows should be given pensions and grants and subsidies

Essay No. 03

India was once known as the land of plenty food grains. Foreign rule had changed India into a poor country. Poverty is the state of being poor. 26.10 percent of the total population of India live below the poverty line. According to the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP), Human Development Report, 2003.

India was ranked 127th among 175 countries. People living below poverty line are deprived of basic needs of life. The chief causes of poverty are over-population, unemployment, slow industrial growth, etc. Poverty leads to many social and economic problems. India was once known as the land of plenty. There were plenty of riches and resources. Foreign rule had changed India into a poor country. The Turks, the Mughals and the British reduced the resources to a great extent. Poverty is a serious problem of today.

Poverty is the state of being poor. It is the state of not having the minimum income to obtain the basic needs of life. These include food, clothing, shelter, education and health. Poverty leads to misery. It lowers the standard of living of human beings.

India has low per capita consumption of electricity. A large number of people still do not have access to clean drinking water and sanitation. They do not have the basic health facilities. In Orissa, extreme poverty has forced parents to sell their children for money. There are reports of farmers committing suicide for not being able to repay loans.

The main causes of poverty is over-population. The national income has failed to keep pace with the growing population. In rural i areas, poverty is due to low land base. There is low level of productivity in rural areas. The urban poor are largely due to the overflow of rural poor into the urban areas. The unemployment problem is another cause of poverty. The uneven distribution of I resources are other reasons of poverty. Moreover, the industrial growth in India is slow. There is a slow increase in the demand for labor. There is a rise in the cost of living also.

Poverty leads to man)/ problems in the society. It gives rise to child labour. According to the NSSO Survey (1999-2000), there are 10.4 million child labourers in our country. Poverty also leads to illiteracy, crime, corruption, prostitution etc.

With Fifth Plan, poverty eradication became a principle objective of economic planning. The Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozag Yojana (SGSY) was formed in 1999. The programmes merged with it are IRDP, TRYSEM, DWCRA, SITRA, GKY and MWS. Other programmes are the Annapuran Schemes, the Samagra Awaas. Yojana, etc. are other such schemes.

These schemes provided shelter, sanitation and drinking water to the poor. The Eighth Plan provided food, healthcare, education, employment and shelter to the weaker sections. The Tenth Plan is aimed at reducing poverty below 20 percent in the country by 2007.

 Eradication of poverty is not an easy task. The alarming rate of increase of population should be checked. The Government should undertake effective steps to make India a fully literate country. The Government has been successful to some extent to eradicate poverty.

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Stark County roundup: News from around the Canton region

Learn about scholarship program for private schools.

ALLIANCE – Area residents can learn about the Educational Choice Expansion Scholarship (EdChoice) Program from 5 to 7 p.m. Wednesday at the Rodman Public Library auditorium when Ryan Hill, director of enrollment at Stark County Catholic Schools, hosts an information night open house. Hill will explain how EdChoice Scholarships can pay for tuition at participating private schools for K-12 students.

The EdChoice Expansion Scholarships are awarded based on the adjusted gross income of a family’s household. If a family’s household income is at or below 450% of the Federal Poverty Level, they will be awarded the maximum scholarship amount. The scholarship amount is $6,166 for grades K-8 and $8,408 for grades 9-12. That amount often covers most, if not all, of a student’s annual tuition at most participating private schools, according to a news release.

Rodman library offers new way to learn skills

ALLIANCE – Patrons of Rodman Public Library patrons can grow their skillsets and explore new hobbies and passions through continuing education service Universal Class.

Through the library’s website ( rodmanlibrary.com ), patrons can access more than 600 courses in 35 subject areas, many of which offer Continuing Education Units (CEUs) accredited by International Accreditors for Continuing Education and Training (IACET). Patrons have unlimited access and can complete courses at their own pace, anytime on any device. Real human instructors grade assignments and provide feedback to build deeper understanding and mastery of subject matter.

Subject areas include arts and music, cooking, computers and technology, exercise and fitness, entrepreneurship, health and medicine, home and garden care, homeschooling, job assistance, law and legal, parenting and family, and pet and animal care.

See a Reference Department staff member at the Main Library for more information on how to access this service, or call 330-821-2665, ext. 217.

Night bike ride Saturday

CANAL FULTON− Ernie’s Bicycle Shop will have a guided night ride Saturday at 9 p.m. Begin at the bike shop's Lake Avenue location in Massillon and pedal north on the Towpath, arriving in Canal Fulton in time for the Olde Canal Days fireworks.

This is a 14- to 18-mile beginner-friendly ride over flat terrain, with an Ernie's team member at the front and rear of the group. Riders must have a helmet, and bikes must be equipped with head and tail lights. Participation is free for the family-friendly event. No preregistration is necessary unless renting a bike and equipment. To register go to erniesbikeshop.com/events or call 800-291-0099.

Kids movie Monday at the Palace

CANTON – The Summer Kids Movie Series continues at 1 p.m. Monday at the Palace Theatre, 605 Market Ave. N, with a showing of “Migration.”

Admission is $2. Doors and the box office open at noon. A sensory-friendly showing of the movie will be at 6:30 p.m. The Summer Kids Movie Series offers affordable, family-friendly movies each Monday afternoon through Aug. 5. For a movie schedule, visit cantonpalacetheatre.org .

Discovery Day in Monument Park is Saturday

CANTON − Join Stark Parks and Canton City Parks from 2 to 5 p.m. Saturday at Monument Park, at 800 McKinley Monument Dr. NW, for a Discovery Day.

Enjoy diverse activities, from kayak programs for water enthusiasts to encounters with live animals to games of hoverball archery. No registration is required for this drop-in event. All activities are weather-dependent. Visit StarkParks.com for information on waivers and requirements for kayaking.

Movie at Centennial Plaza

CANTON – The Centennial Plaza Movie Series continues at 7 p.m. Wednesday with a showing of “Cars” outdoors on Centennial Plaza, 330 Court Ave. NW.

Admission is free. The movie will be shown rain or shine. In case of severe weather, the movie will be canceled. The Centennial Plaza Movie Series shows family-friendly movies at 7 p.m. each Wednesday through Aug. 14. For a list of other movies in the series, visit cantonpalacetheatre.org .

Monster Fest is Friday and Saturday

CANTON− Monster Fest is Friday and Saturday. Small Town Monsters will debut their latest film, "Cursed Waters: Creature of Lake Okanagan," at 4:30 p.m. Friday at the Palace Theatre, 605 Market Ave. N, as part of  Monster Fest . A pre-movie Q&A with filmmakers will be at 3:30 p.m. Doors open at 3 p.m. A VIP Meet & Greet will follow the film. General admission is $7, with tickets sold in advance and at the door.

Monster Fest will continue Saturday at the downtown Canton DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel with guest speakers, film screenings, vendors and workshops. Visit https://www.smalltownmonsters.com/stm-monster-fest-2024 for tickets and more information.

Roads to close in Canton

CANTON – The Canton Police Department has announced the following road closures.

• On June 29 from 7 a.m. to 11:59 p.m., Third Street SE from Market Avenue to Piedmont Avenue will be closed.
• On June 29 from 1 to 11 p.m., Third and Fourth Street NW from Market Avenue to Cleveland Avenue, and Court Ave NW from Second Street to Fifth Street NW will be closed for events around Centennial Plaza. Market and Cleveland will have no restrictions.
• On June 30 from 12:30 to 11 p.m., Fourth Street NW from Cleveland Avenue to Market Avenue, Third Street NW from Cleveland Avenue to Walnut Avenue NE, and Court Avenue NW from Second Street to Fifth Street NW will be closed.

Eagles tribute concert Saturday

JACKSON TWP. – Hotel California, the Original Eagles Tribute, will perform at 7:30 p.m. Saturday at the Nash Family Jackson Amphitheater.

Gates open at 6 p.m. This is a ticketed concert. Visit www.jacksonamphitheater.com for tickets and more information.

Stamp show is June 30

JACKSON TWP. – The Canton Stamp Show will be held from 10 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. June 30 at the Belden Village Holiday Inn, 4520 Everhard Road NW (Dressler Road entrance).

Four dealers will be buying and selling U.S. and foreign stamps, postcards, covers and some stamp supplies. Free admission and parking.

Jeffersons tribute show closes Saturday

JACKSON TWP. – The final night of the Jeffersons tribute show, presented by Stardust Dinner Theatre, at La Pizzaria, 3656 Dressler Road, will be Saturday. Doors open at 6:30 p.m. Dinner and show tickets are $45 to $55. For tickets and more information, visit the shortened link https://tinyurl.com/mrxrumbw .

Those wishing to contribute to the scholarship fund without participating in the Aug. 18 event can do so here: https://scf.fcsuite.com/erp/donate/create/fund?funit_id=8041 .

Massillon Millionaires’ Row tour is Saturday

MASSILLON – The Massillon Millionaire’s Row tour will be offered at 1 p.m. Saturday to complement the Massillon Museum’s “Gilding Northeast Ohio: Fashion and Fortune 1870–1900” exhibition.

Local historian Margy Vogt will lead the two-hour walk that will begin on Massillon’s historic Fourth Street. Meet at the corner of Fourth Street and North Avenue NE, outside the Five Oaks Mansion, home of Massillon Woman’s Club. The per person fee for the walking tour is $10 (cash or check), payable on arrival. No reservations are required.

Massillon Heritage Foundation will invite visitors to step inside Five Oaks, 210 Fourth Street NE, to see Tiffany windows and light fixtures and extravagantly carved woodwork from the Gilded Age. First-person interpretive tours will be offered at 2, 3, and 4 p.m. Those who take the Fourth Street walking tour will return to the corner of Fourth and North in time for the 3 p.m. mansion tour. The Five Oaks per person fee is $10 (cash or check), payable on arrival. No reservations are required.

Guests may participate in one or both tours. While the walking tour is not feasible in the rain, Five Oaks will be open in any weather. The event is not wheelchair friendly. Free parking is available on all city streets. For more details or last-minute weather information, contact Vogt at 330-844-1525.

Concerts at parks Wednesday, Thursday

STARK COUNTY− The Stark Parks Summer Serenades in the Park Concert Series continues from 7 to 8 p.m. Wednesday as the Canton Concert Band will perform a variety of instrumental pieces for a free concert at Sippo Lake Park in Perry Township. The concert will be held at the shelter at the Lower Parking Lot. Bring a blanket or chair.

A small ensemble will perform from 6:30 to 7:30 p.m. Thursday at the Huston-Brumbaugh Nature Center outdoor amphitheater, 16146 Daniel St. NE, in Washington Township. Bring your chairs, blankets, and picnic dinner.

In the event of inclement weather, concerts will be canceled. Check for updates on the day of the concert at  starkparks.com  or  cantonsymphony.org .