case study based on consumer rights class 10

Top 10 Case Study on Consumer Rights

We know consumer laws and courts exist, but only by reading through some case law can you understand how you as a consumer can exercise your rights!

On an everyday basis, we purchase products and services. From our basic necessities like food and clothing to services like banking and education, we are dependent on companies and organisations to live comfortably in the present day, and we give them our hard-earned money in return. But sometimes, companies might fail to provide quality services or products. Many know there exist consumer courts and laws that protect consumers from consumer exploitation . But have you ever wondered who goes to these courts and what types of cases are filed? You would be surprised to know how basic these cases can be. So, here are 10 interesting case study on consumer rights curated for you.

Table of Contents

Top 10 Case Studies on Consumer Rights

1. banks can’t always escape using ‘technical difficulties’.

We have come to rely on banks so much. A recent case study on consumer rights highlighted the need for stronger regulations. More than ever, most of our transactions are digital and heavily reliant on banks for these. Have you ever had your transaction fail due to the server being down or other errors?

Dipika Pallikal, a squash champion and Arjuna awardee found herself in an awkward situation when she used her Axis Bank Debit Card in a hotel at Netherlands’ Rotterdam failed. She had had 10 times the bill amount in her account at that time. Due to this, she faced a loss of reputation and humiliation. The bank said the incident was a case of ‘ Force Majeure’ (an act of god/ something beyond control)

Apart from that, the bank had also returned a cheque of ₹1 lakh issued to her by the government of India and blamed it on a technical error.

Dipika moved the consumer court in Chennai against Axis Bank

Court Decision

The court found that there was a deficiency of service on the part of Axis Bank and directed the bank to pay a compensation of ₹5 lakh and ₹5000 as expenses.

Key Takeaway

Banks are like any other service provider. We trust them with our money and they must perform the services we were promised. They cannot hide behind ‘technical difficulties’ or ‘ force majeure ’ and let customers suffer for it.

2. You Don’t Have to Be a Celebrity to Win a Consumer Case

A humble tea vendor, Rajesh Sakre, is an example of this. He had ₹20,000 in his State Bank of India account and had withdrawn ₹10,800. On his next visit to the ATM, however, he realized all his money was gone. When he asked the bank authorities they blamed it on him. 

So, he went to the District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum with his grievance. He couldn’t afford a lawyer and he argued the case himself. This case study on consumer awareness presents insights into how consumers are becoming more vigilant.

The forum ruled in his favour and ordered the State Bank of India to return the ₹9,200 with 6% interest, pay ₹10,000 as compensation for mental anguish caused by the issue, and ₹2,000 for legal expenses.

It doesn’t matter who you are, as long as you have a valid case you can approach the Consumer cases Forum. And even big companies and government entities like the State Bank of India can be made to answer for their mistakes.

3. Not All Free Items Are Welcome

Imagine you bought a bottle of Pepsi and found a packet of gutka floating in it! It happened to Rajesh Rajan from Ahmedabad when he bought Pepsi from a local store. He sent a legal notice to the company immediately and approached a Consumer cases Dispute Redressal Forum. Every case study on consumer complaint tells a unique story of a consumer’s journey towards justice.

Moreover, he claimed that there was a deficiency in service that could have caused a health hazard to him. He demanded compensation of ₹5 lakh for the same.

The consumer forum passed an order in favour of Rajesh Rajan and directed the company to pay a total of ₹4008 (₹4000 for compensation and ₹8 for the Pepsi he purchased).

Rajesh moved the State Consumer Dispute Redressal Commission, asking for higher compensation as ₹4008 was too low and that he had spent ₹500 on sample testing itself. The State Commission passed an order asking the company to pay ₹20,000 as compensation and ₹2000 towards costs as it found Rajesh’s argument reasonable.

Free items are not all welcome! It is a deficiency in service on the part of the provider if you find anything in your food (packaged or otherwise) that isn’t supposed to be there. The Consumer Cases Forums are a good place to take them.

4. Paying More Than the MRP? You Shouldn’t.

It has become common to charge more than the maximum retail price (MRP) for packaged goods. Especially in places like theatres, food courts, railway stations, etc we see this happen a lot and mostly ignore it.Among the prominent consumer cases last year, the MRP case stood out for its complexity

Mr Kondaiah from Andhra Pradesh, on the other hand, didn’t ignore it when he noticed that Sarvi Food Court charged him ₹40 for a water bottle where the MRP was ₹20. He filed a case against them in the District Consumer cases Disputes Redressal Forum for ‘unfair trade practice’. He supported his claim by producing the bill. The MRP case study on consumer rights brought to light some gaps in the existing regulations.

The court decided in favour of Mr Kondaiah and said that a practice is not justified just because it is widely common. Mr Kondaiah was awarded a compensation of ₹20,000, ₹20 (the extra money charged) and ₹5,000 in costs. 

No authority has the power to charge above the MRP for any packaged goods. It doesn’t matter where it is sold, you are not required to pay a rupee above the MRP.

5. No MRP at All on the Product?

Baglekar Akash Kumar, a 19-year-old got a book and ₹12,500 because of the book. How? He purchased the book online and when it was delivered, he noticed that there was no MRP mentioned in it. He browsed the internet and saw that the book was sold at different prices in different places.

So, he went to the consumer cases forum and filed a case against Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd and the paper company.

The court held that not publishing MRP on the product without a valid reason is ‘unfair trade practice’. MRP exists to ensure that a consumer is not overcharged for the product. So, it is mandatory for companies to print MRP.

The publishers were asked to print the retail price on the book and Akash was awarded ₹10,000 as compensation and ₹2,500 as costs.

It is required under law for companies to put MRP on every product. If you see a product without MRP, then it is a violation of Consumer cases Protection Laws and you can take them to court. 

6. Medical Services Fall Within the Scope of the CPA

Do medical services fall under CPA? When there was a little confusion in this regard, the Indian Medical Association (IMA) decided to get this question resolved once and for all. The CPA case study on consumer rights brought to light some gaps in the existing regulations. The Medical Services case study on consumer complaint became a landmark case in consumer rights advocacy.

IMA approached the Supreme Court, asking them to declare that medical services are out of the scope of the CPA. They gave the following arguments to support their claim:

• Medical professionals are governed by their own code of ethics made by the Medical Council of India. 
• In the medical profession, it is hard to guarantee the end result of treatments. Many external factors which are out of the control of the professional can impact the outcome. So, allowing consumer claims will cause people to file a case whenever a treatment didn’t work out.
• There are no medical science experts in the consumer complaints online.
• Medical service provided by government hospitals will not fall under the Act especially when the service is provided for free. 

These were decent points. After consideration, the court settled the claims in the following manner.

Medical services provided by any professional (private or government) will be covered by CPA. This means  people can file a case in a Consumer Court if the service provided is not in confirmation with the Act.

• Doctors and hospitals who treat patients for free cannot be sued by a person who availed their services for free. 
• In a government hospital, where services are provided free of charge – the Consumer Protection Act India would not apply.

Apart from these two exceptions, the Act will apply when a person gets treated in government hospitals for free, when a poor person gets treated for free, and when insurance money is used for treatment.

7. Tired of the False Claims Made by Skin and Hair Care Products Yet?

Maybe you are not tired yet or you are too tired to question. However, a 67-year-old man from Kerala’s remotest areas was tired of these consistent lies and how companies got away with them.

In 2015, K Chaathu complained against Indulekha (beauty product manufacturers) and Mammootty (an actor who was the brand ambassador of the company) for putting up misleading ads. The tagline of the soap was ‘soundaryam ningale thedi varum’ which meant ‘beauty will come in search of you. The ads also claimed that people using the soap will become ‘fair’ and ‘beautiful’ but the 67-year-old didn’t become fair or beautiful.

Funny, right?

Compensation Paid

Indulekha paid him ₹30,000 in an out of the court settlement while the initial claim of Chaathu was ₹50,000. When he was asked about this, he said that this case was never about the money but about how these companies put up advertisements every day with false claims. And it is not okay to let these people get away with it.

Key Takeaways

Advertisements are made to sell the products, so exaggeration of results is too common. But this doesn’t make it okay to make false claims just for the sake of selling the products. Making false claims in violation of the CTA.

8. Homebuyers Are Consumers

Imagine you decide to buy a house (a dream come true for many). You do a lot of research, pool your hard-earned money, and pay a real estate developer to build the house for you. They promise to deliver within 42 months but 4 years later they haven’t even started construction. 

This is what happened to two people and they decided to move the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) for it. The Homebuyers case study on consumer rights was instrumental in changing local regulations.

NCDRC decided in favour of the homebuyers and asked the real estate developer to refund the money with a simple interest of 9% per annum. They were also awarded a compensation of ₹50,000 each.

The real estate developer challenged this in the Supreme Court, saying that the issue is covered under another Act (Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act) and therefore cannot be taken in a consumer court. But the Supreme Court denied their argument saying that as long as the other Act explicitly stops people from getting remedy under other laws, they will be allowed to do so.

Our laws are in such a way that even though there are other remedies available, in most cases where you are a buyer of a product or a service, you will have protection under the Consumer Protection Act. 

9. Insurance Claims Cannot be Rejected on Mere Technicalities

We pay the premium and get insurance to protect us from losses we can’t foresee. Sadly, many people have had bad experiences with the insurance company. Om Prakash, for example, had his truck stolen and claimed insurance for the same. The truck was stolen on 23.03.2010, the FIR filed on 24.03.2010, and the insurance claim was filed on 31.03.2010. 

The insurance investigator was sent and he confirmed that the claim was genuine. The claim approved for the amount of ₹7,85,000/-. But the amount was never given to Om Prakash. With the rise in consumer court cases , companies are now more cautious about their policies and practices. When he sent the insurance company a legal notice for the same, they replied saying that there was a breach of terms and conditions: 

“immediate information to the Insurer about the loss/theft of the vehicle”

Om Prakash was late to apply for insurance because he was held up with the police to try and recover his vehicle.

While the consumer courts didn’t allow his case, the Supreme Court allowed his appeal and held in favour of him. It was ruled that insurance companies cannot escape from paying the claimants on technical grounds. Especially when the claimant has valid reasons for it.

The Court directed the Respondent company to pay a sum of ₹8,35,000/- to the Appellant along with interest @ 8% per annum. He was also awarded ₹50,000 as compensation.

Over the years, many judgements have been made to ensure that insurance companies are accountable and do not escape from paying valid claims. If you experience a similar situation with your insurance provided, you can approach the consumer court.  

10. iPhone 5S Gold for ₹68 + ₹10,000

Let’s close the list with a fun one! How would it be to get an iPhone at just ₹68? In 2014, Nikhil Bansal (a student) saw this unbelievable offer on Snapdeal (a discount of ₹46,651) and ordered it immediately as any sane person would. He received an order confirmation but later he was told that the order was cancelled. They claimed that the offer itself was a technical glitch. “The iPhone case study on consumer complaint showcased the challenges consumers face even in today’s digital age.

When he approached the e commerce consumer complaints india Forum, he claimed that these kind of offers are misleading people and it was the duty of Snapdeal to honour the order. The forum ruled in his favour and asked Snapdeal to deliver him the iPhone for ₹68 and asked to pay a compensation of ₹2,000.

When Snapdeal appealed this order, the compensation was raised to ₹10,000! 

Key Takeaway – Case Study on Consumer Rights

Ecommerce stores are just as answerable as any other shop owner under the Consumer Protection Act. So if you face any issues like this with them, consider taking it to the consumer court. Through each case study on consumer rights, we can learn more about our rights and responsibilities

Consumer forums exist to protect consumers from consumer exploitation and ensure that we are not cheated by the companies we pay for getting products or services. Knowing your rights is the first step towards becoming a conscious consumer. 

Don’t hesitate to approach the consumer court if you have a valid claim of consumer exploitation . Even if it is for an ₹8-product like Pepsi, a valid claim should be taken to the forum.

Also, Read:

• Consumer Complaints in Airline Industry in India
• Consumer Reports Skin Care Products
• How Long Will Take to Resolve a Case in Consumer Court ?

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Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science Economics Chapter 5 Consumer Rights

CBSE Class 10 Case Study Questions Social Science Economics Consumer Rights. Important Case Study Questions for Class 10 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions Consumer Rights.

At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 3 marks, 4 marks.

Case Study 1:

CBSE Class 10 Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science Economics Chapter 5 Consumer Rights. Consumer Rights Case Study Questions with Solution.

The consumer is the focal point of all business activities. In contemporary times, it is widely acknowledged that the consumer is the sovereign of the market. The primary objective of business activities is to cater to the needs and desires of consumers. A commercial entity is entirely reliant on its customers not only for its survival but also for its expansion. Currently, the customer is accorded utmost importance, and every effort is made to satisfy their requirements. However, in reality, the position of the consumer is different. They are akin to slaves who are exploited by well-organized and well-informed sellers through exorbitant pricing, provision of substandard goods, supply of adulterated products, short weight, misleading advertising, and so on. Customers remain unorganized and are unaware of their fundamental rights, such as the right to safety, the right to choose, the right to be heard, and so forth. The term “Consumerism” refers to the user or customer, and “ism” denotes a movement. Therefore, the consumer movement is commonly referred to as “Consumerism.” It is a collective and organized movement of consumers. The primary objective of this movement is to educate and unite consumers and to fight for the protection of their rights.

Q1) What could have been the steps taken by consumer groups? Mark 2

Answer Consumer groups can take several steps to protect consumers, including advocating for stronger consumer rights and protection laws, raising awareness about product safety, promoting ethical business practices, and engaging in campaigns against unfair pricing and fraudulent advertising. They may also provide information and support to affected consumers.

Q2) There may be rules and regulations but they are often not followed. Why? 2

Answer Rules and regulations may not always be followed due to weak enforcement, corruption, lack of awareness, or inadequate penalties. Some businesses prioritize short-term gains over compliance, while consumers may not always be vigilant. Addressing these issues requires effective enforcement, public awareness campaigns, and stronger incentives for compliance to ensure regulations are upheld.

Case Study 2:

The Right to Safety encompasses the entitlement to be safeguarded against the promotion and sale of goods and services that pose a threat to life and property. It is imperative that the goods and services purchased not only meet immediate needs but also fulfill long-term interests.

Prior to making a purchase, consumers should insist on the quality of the products and the assurance of their reliability. It is advisable to opt for products that bear quality marks such as ISI, AGMARK, and others.

The Right to be Informed entails the right to receive comprehensive information regarding the quality, quantity, potency, purity, standard, and price of goods. This is crucial in order to protect consumers from unfair trade practices.

Consumers should demand complete information about a product or service before making a decision. This will enable them to make wise and responsible choices and avoid falling victim to high-pressure sales tactics.

The Right to Choose guarantees access to a diverse range of goods and services at competitive prices whenever possible. In cases where monopolies exist, it ensures that consumers receive satisfactory quality and service at a fair price. Additionally, this right encompasses access to basic goods and services. It is important to note that an unrestricted right of choice for the minority can result in the majority being denied their fair share.

Q1) What do you understand by mrp in packed food items? Mark 1

Answer MRP, or Maximum Retail Price, is the highest price at which a packed food item can be legally sold to consumers, inclusive of all taxes and charges.

Q2) What do you understand by Right to informed in consumer protection act? 1

Answer The Right to be Informed entails the right to receive comprehensive information regarding the quality, quantity, potency, purity, standard, and price of goods. This is crucial in order to protect consumers from unfair trade practices.

Q3) what do you understand by ISI and AGMARK? Mark 2

Answer ISI (Indian Standards Institute) is a mark that certifies product quality and safety in India. AGMARK is a certification for agricultural products, indicating their conformity to specified standards.

Case Study 3:

The Indian legislature enacted the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 to address issues related to the violation of consumer rights, unfair trade practices, misleading advertisements, and other circumstances that may be detrimental to consumer rights. The Parliament’s intention behind enacting the Act was to include provisions for e-consumers, as the buying and selling of goods and services online has significantly increased in recent years due to technological advancements.

The Act aims to provide enhanced protection of consumer rights and interests by establishing Consumer Protection Councils to resolve disputes and provide adequate compensation to consumers whose rights have been infringed. It also promotes the speedy and effective resolution of consumer complaints through alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. Additionally, the Act emphasizes the importance of consumer education to educate consumers about their rights, responsibilities, and avenues for redressal of grievances.

Consumer protection is the practice of safeguarding buyers of goods and services against unfair practices in the market. It refers to the steps adopted for the protection of consumers from corrupt and unscrupulous malpractices by the sellers, manufacturers, service providers, etc. and to provide remedies in case their rights as a consumer have been violated

Q1) What is the difference between consumer protection council and Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission? Mark 2

Answer Consumer Protection Council is a voluntary organization that educates and raises awareness about consumer rights. In contrast, Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission is a government body that legally resolves consumer disputes and complaints, providing a platform for grievance resolution and compensation.

Q2) Who provides Hallmark and ISO certification. Mark 2

Answer Hallmark certification is provided by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) in India, while ISO certification is offered by various certifying bodies accredited by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). These certifications ensure product quality and compliance with national and international standards, respectively.

Case Study 4:

Will the Indian consumer be granted greater protection under the newly enacted Consumer Protection Act of 2019? This progressive legislation has been hailed as a much-needed remedy to the shortcomings of the previous 1986 legislation. However, the true test of its effectiveness will be in its implementation. The Act has expanded its scope to include e-commerce websites, making them accountable for the products they sell. This is achieved through the introduction of the concept of ‘product liability’, which holds both manufacturers and sellers responsible for any harm or inconvenience caused by their products. This marks a significant shift towards a ‘buyer beware’ regime.

Furthermore, the Act mandates that e-commerce companies have a return policy in place and provide more detailed information about the product and the seller in their listings.

The Consumer movement has always been about the rights of the average consumer. This expansion of jurisdiction, however, would dwarf the small litigant even at the first forum of redressal.

The Act however does in principle at least, seek to remedy this by bringing about a mediation process and increasing the number of District Forums.

 Q1) Mention a few factors which cause exploitation of consumers. Mark 1

Answer Factors leading to the exploitation of consumers can include: Lack of consumer awareness and information. Asymmetric information, where sellers have more knowledge than buyers.

Q2) By what means can the consumers express their solidarity? 1

Answer Consumers can express solidarity through collective action, joining consumer advocacy groups, supporting ethical businesses, and participating in boycotts or protests.

Q3) What factors gave birth to the consumer movement in India. Mark 2

Answer The consumer movement in India emerged due to rising consumer grievances, unethical business practices, lack of quality control, and product safety concerns. Key events such as the formation of the Consumer Protection Act in 1986 and consumer activism have played pivotal roles in addressing these issues and empowering consumers.

Case Study 5:

The Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution, Department of Consumer Affairs has established a committee with the objective of developing a comprehensive framework for the Right to Repair in India. The committee’s primary focus is to generate employment opportunities through the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative and promote the LiFE (Lifestyle for the Environment) movement. The framework aims to facilitate convenient access to repair services not only provided by original manufacturers but also by trustworthy third-party technicians. This approach aims to reduce costs and prolong the lifespan of devices, equipment, and home appliances. The initiative seeks to establish a consumer-centric ecosystem that enhances reparability and fosters transparency through collaboration. In a similar vein, President Joe Biden of the United States issued an executive order in 2021 that included a directive to impose limits on how tech manufacturers can restrict repairs.

The term “Right to Repair” refers to government measures that prohibit manufacturers from imposing barriers that hinder consumers’ ability to repair their consumer products. The sectors identified for the right to repair include farming equipment, mobile phones/tablets, consumer durables, and automobiles/automobile equipment.

Q1) What do you understand by the term ”right to repair”? Mark 2

Answer  The “right to repair” is a concept that advocates for consumers’ ability to repair and modify their own purchased products, from electronics to appliances, without facing legal or technical barriers imposed by manufacturers. It aims to promote sustainability, reduce electronic waste, and empower consumers to extend the lifespan of their possessions.

Q2) Explain the need for consumer consciousness by giving two examples. Mark 2

Answer  Consumer consciousness is essential as it empowers individuals to make informed decisions, safeguarding their rights and interests. For instance, being aware of product labels helps consumers make healthy food choices and avoid allergens. Similarly, understanding warranties and return policies allows them to seek redress if they receive faulty goods. Consumer awareness promotes accountability and ensures a fair marketplace.

Also See: Globalization and The Indian Economy Case Based Questions

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• CBSE Notes For Class 10
• Class 10 Social Science Economics
• Chapter 5 Consumer Rights

CBSE Notes Class 10 Economics Chapter 5 - Consumer Rights

In the last chapter of Economics, you will discuss the issue of consumer rights within the context of the Indian market. CBSE Notes Class 10 Economics Chapter 5 on Consumer Rights helps you to understand that the awareness of being a well-informed consumer arose out of the consumer movement and the active participation of people through their struggles over a long period. This chapter also provides details of a few organisations helping consumers in different ways. Finally, it ends with some critical issues of the consumer movement in India.

Go through these CBSE Class 10 Notes and get an insight into all the topics of this chapter. You can also download these notes in pdf format by clicking on the link below.

• Chapter 1 Development
• Chapter 2 Sectors of the Indian Economy
• Chapter 3 Money and Credit
• Chapter 4 Globalisation and the Indian Economy

CBSE Notes Class 10 Economics Chapter 5 – Consumer Rights

The consumer in the marketplace.

We participate in the market both as producers and consumers.

• As producers of goods and services, we could be working in any of the sectors, such as agriculture, industry or services.
• Consumers participate in the market when they purchase goods and services that they need. These are the final goods that people use as consumers.

The rules and regulations are required for the protection of consumers in the marketplace.

Consumer Movement

In India, the consumer movement as a ‘social force’ originated with the necessity of protecting and promoting the interests of consumers against unethical and unfair trade practices. Because of all these efforts, a significant initiative was taken in 1986 by the Indian government. It has implemented the Consumer Protection Act 1986 , popularly known as COPRA .

Safety Is Everyone’s Right

Consumers have the right to be protected against the marketing of goods and delivery of services that are hazardous to life and property. Producers need to strictly follow the required safety rules and regulations.

Information about Goods and Services

When you buy any commodity, you will find certain details given on the packing, such as:

• Ingredients used
• Batch number
• Date of manufacture
• Expiry date
• The address of the manufacturer

This information has been displayed because consumers have the right to get information about the goods and services that they purchase. Consumers can then complain and ask for compensation or replacement if the product proves to be defective in any manner.

In October 2005, the Government of India enacted a law, popularly known as RTI (Right to Information) Act . This law ensures that its citizens get all the information about the functions of government departments.

When Choice Is Denied

Any consumer who receives a service in whatever capacity, regardless of age, gender and nature of service, has the right to choose whether to continue to receive the service or not.

Where Should Consumers Go to Get Justice?

Consumers have the right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices and exploitation. The consumer movement in India has led to the formation of various organisations known as consumer forums or consumer protection councils . They guide consumers on how to file cases in the consumer court.

COPRA , a three-tier quasi-judicial machinery at the district, state and national levels, was set up for the redressal of consumer disputes.

• The district-level court called District Forum, which deals with cases involving claims up to Rs 20 lakh
• The state-level court, called State Commission, deals with cases involving claims between Rs 20 lakh and Rs 1 crore.
• The national level court is known as the National Commission, which deals with cases involving claims exceeding Rs 1 crore. If a case is dismissed in district-level court, a consumer can also appeal in the state and subsequently in national-level courts.

Learning to Become Well-Informed Consumers

The enactment of COPRA has led to the setting up of separate departments of Consumer Affairs in central and state governments. The logo with the letters ISI, Agmark or Hallmark helps consumers to get assurance of quality while purchasing goods and services.

Taking the Consumer Movement Forward

India is one of the countries that has exclusive courts for consumer redressal. 24 December is observed as National Consumers’ Day in India. After more than 25 years of the enactment of COPRA, consumer awareness is spreading, though slowly, in our country. For the speedy process of the consumer movement, we require a voluntary effort and active participation of the people.

We hope CBSE Class 10 Social Science Notes helped you in your studies. Keep learning and stay tuned for more updates on CBSE and NCERT. Download the BYJU’S App and subscribe to the YouTube channel to access interactive maths and science videos.

Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 10 Economics Notes Chapter 5 Consumer Rights

What is a ‘consumer organisation’.

A consumer organisation/association is a membership-based non-governmental non-profit body created to promote the interests of consumers of goods and services.

What are the basic rights of consumers?

1. Right to safety 2. Right to choose 3. Right to be informed 4. Right to consumer education 5. Right to be heard 6. Right to seek redressal 7. Consumer Protection Act

What does ‘ISI’ stand for?

The ISI mark is by far the most recognised certification mark in the Indian subcontinent. The name ISI is an abbreviation of Indian Standards Institute, the former name of the Bureau of Indian Standards.

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• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Chapter 5 - Consumer Rights
• NCERT Solutions

NCERT Class 10 Social Science, Economic Chapter 5: Complete Resource for Consumer Rights

Over the years, consumerism has been the prime focus of all industries. It all depends on how a consumer has been treated or how a product has provided satisfaction to the consumer. This is where consumer rights took birth. It is a brilliant amendment of the government that protects the wellbeing and promotes the best interest of consumers. Ch 5 Eco Class 10 comprises the concepts of consumer rights. You will study how it came into being and how it stopped different illicit business practices. You will find out the benefits of amending this law in our country. If you download Vedantu’s Consumer Rights Class 10 NCERT Solution PDF file, you can easily study the chapter and prepare the answers to the questions in the exercise. Learn the concepts of this new chapter perfectly and practice using the solution file so that you can score better in the exams. Subjects like Science, Maths, English,Hindi and Social Science will become easy to study if you have access to NCERT Solution for Class 10 Science , Maths solutions and solutions of other subjects. You can also download NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths to help you to revise complete syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

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Access NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Studies(Economics) Chapter 5 – Consumer Rights

1. Why are rules and regulations required in the marketplace? Illustrate with a few examples. 

Ans: Rules and regulations are required in the marketplace to safeguard the consumers from exploitation by sellers and unfair trade practices. Sellers sometimes abdicate responsibility for a poor-quality product. They charge more than the retail price, cheat in weighing items, and sell adulterated or defective goods. As a result, rules and regulations are needed to protect scattered buyers from powerful and fewer producers who monopolise markets. For example, a grocery shop owner might sell expired products and then blame the consumers for not verifying the expiry dates before purchasing the items.

2. What factors gave birth to the consumer movement in India? Trace its evolution. 

Ans: There are numerous factors that gave birth to the consumer movement in India. These are as follows: -

(i) It began as a "social force" to safeguard and promote consumer interests against unfair and unethical trading practices.

(ii) In the 1960s, extreme food shortages, hoarding, adulteration of food and black marketing led to the consumer movement to organise. 

(iii) Till the 1970s, consumer organisations were mostly busy publishing articles and conducting exhibitions. 

(iv) Recently, there has been an increase in the number of consumer groups who are concerned about ration shops abuses and overcrowding of public transportation vehicles. 

(v) The Consumer Protection Act, commonly known as COPRA, was implemented by the Indian government in 1986. This was a major step towards the consumer movement in India, which provides easy and fast compensation to consumer grievances.

3. Explain the need for consumer consciousness by giving two examples. 

Ans: Many consumers pay whatever the seller requests without bothering to verify the MRP. While it is a good attitude to have faith in your local shopkeeper, but one should always check the MRP. Some people never look at the expiry date on a medicine's package. This can be hazardous to the patient who is going to consume the medicine, even life-threatening. These instances show that consumer awareness is extremely important. Being aware of your rights as a consumer when purchasing goods or services is known as consumer consciousness.

Examples: 

(i) Consumers often bargain with sellers for additional discounts below the MRP (Minimum Retail Price).

(ii) Most sweet retailers do not weigh sweets with the weight of the container because of conscious consumers.

4. Mention a few factors which cause exploitation of consumers. 

Ans: Factors that cause exploitation of consumers are:

(i) Buyers are unaware of their rights as consumers.

(ii) Inadequate and ineffective monitoring of rules and regulations.

(iii) The quantity purchased per individual is comparatively insignificant.

(iv) Customers are dispersed throughout large areas.

5. What is the rationale behind the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act 1986? 

Ans: The rationale behind the enactment of COPRA (Consumer Protection Act) in 1986 was to create a separate department of consumer affairs in both the federal and state governments, and it has given us the ability to represent ourselves in a consumer court.

6. Describe some of your duties as consumers if you visit a shopping complex in your locality. 

Ans: When I visit a shopping complex, some of my duties/responsibilities as a consumer includes: -

(i) Checking the expiration dates of the products I want to buy.

(ii) Paying only the maximum retail price (MRP) printed on the goods.

(iii) Attempting to prevent shopkeepers from bribing me with defective products.

(iv) Filing a complaint with a consumer forum or court if a seller refuses to take responsibility for an adulterated or flawed product.

7. Suppose you buy a bottle of honey and a biscuit packet. Which logo or mark you will have to look for and why? 

Ans: Before buying food items, we should look for the logo of the Agmark symbol, which is government-certified and guarantees the quality of the product.

8. What legal measures were taken by the government to empower the consumers in India? 

Ans: In India, the government has taken numerous legal steps to empower consumers. These are as follows: -

(i) The first and foremost is the COPRA (Consumer Protection Act) in 1986. This was a major step towards the consumer movement in India, which provides easy and fast compensation to consumer grievances.

(ii) The Right to Information Act was passed in October 2005, giving citizens access to all the information about the functioning of government departments.

(iii) A consumer can also appeal in state and federal courts under COPRA, even if his case has been dismissed at the district level. As a result, consumers now have the right to represent themselves in consumer courts.

9. Mention some of the rights of consumers and write a few sentences on each. 

Ans: Consumer rights are as follows: -

(i) Right to Choose: - Any consumer who receives a service in any capacity, regardless of age, gender, or service type, has the right to choose whether or not to continue receiving that service. A consumer has the right to choose any of the different brands of a product (such as a refrigerator) sold in the market.

(ii) Right to Seek Redressal: - Consumers have the right to seek redressal when they are subjected to monopolistic practices (unfair trade) or exploitation.  It also includes the consumer's right to genuine grievances. 

(iii) Right to Be Heard: - This means that the interests of consumers will receive due consideration in suitable forums. It also involves the right to be represented in a variety of forums set up to look after the interests of consumers.

(iv) Right to Represent: - As a result of this act, consumers have the ability to represent themselves in consumer courts.

(v) Right to Safety: - This refers to the right to be protected from the marketing of goods and services that are dangerous to one's health and property. Consumers should acquire quality marked products such as ISI, AGMARK, and others before making a purchase.

10. By what means can the consumers express their solidarity? 

Ans: Consumers can express their solidarity for one another by joining consumer groups that write articles or organize exhibitions to protest against exploitation by traders. These organisations provide advice to individuals on how to approach a consumer court, and they even defend cases for consumers in court. The government provides financial assistance to such organisations to raise public awareness. Consumer solidarity will be strengthened even more if everyone participates.

11. Critically examine the progress of the consumer movement in India. 

Ans: In India, there has been a substantial change in consumer awareness. Since its beginnings, the consumer movement in the country has progressed significantly.  The consumer movement did not have much strength before the enactment of COPRA (Consumer Protection Act) in 1986, but it has been significantly empowered since then. The establishment of consumer courts and consumer organisations was a significant step. In contemporary India, however, the consumer redressal procedure is complicated, costly, and time-consuming. It is time-consuming to file cases, attend court hearings, hire lawyers, and complete other procedures. There are about 700 consumer organisations in India, but only about 20-25 of them are well-organized and run efficiently.

12. Match the following. 

13. Say True or False. 

(i) COPRA applies only to goods. 

(ii) India is one of the many countries in the world which has exclusive courts for consumer redressal. 

(iii) When a consumer feels that he has been exploited, he must file a case in the District Consumer Court. 

(iv) It is worthwhile to move to consumer courts only if the damages incurred are of high value.

(v) Hallmark is the certification maintained for the standardisation of jewellery.

(vi) The consumer redressal process is very simple and quick.

(vii) A consumer has the right to get compensation depending on the degree of the damage.

Consumer Rights Ch 5 Economics Class 10 Summary

The chapter is segregated into different units and has a proper way of describing this new concept to the students of Class 10.

The introductory part depicts the issues in the market and describes how the unequal situation prevails in the contemporary market.

The next section of the chapter tells us about the different consumers belonging to different industries and the pain points faced by these consumers daily.

By referring to NCERT Class 10 Economics Chapter 5 Solutions, you will find out how unfair business means should be tackled.

Proceeding further in this chapter, you will study about the Right To Information Act, which allows consumers to find out relevant information from the government regarding any product, incident, law, etc.

This act has been amended to deliver justice to the consumers on any platform. For this, consumers have to be aware of their power and know what they can do or demand if any wrong is done.

Proper guidance should be there to make these common consumers aware of their rights.

To find out more about this exclusive chapter, you need to follow Economics Chapter 5 Class 10 NCERT Solutions.

A well-informed consumer can never be duped by any illicit practice in the market. Even if any government official is allegedly doing wrong, a consumer can challenge this public servant in the consumer forum.

Why Should We Use NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Economics Chapter 5?

This chapter is rather a new concept in the Economics division of Class 10 Social Science syllabus.

If you refer to Economics Class 10 NCERT Solutions Chapter 5, you will find out how it has become important to amend such laws to stop business malpractices in any segment.

On proceeding with the study, Class 10th Economics Chapter 5, you will find how the government has set up a way to let the consumers find out the authenticity of various products in the market.

You will study various certifications and their meanings to find out how a product is certified by the government.

For preparing the answers to the questions of this chapter’s exercise, you will need the assistance of the expert solution framed by Vedantu.

Consumer Rights are referred to a set of laws that represent the right to be informed about the quantity, quality, purity, potency, price of goods and their availability.

Consumers can express their solidarity by organizing themselves in small groups that can fight against exploitative trade policies.

To help students understand this chapter in a better way, NCERT Solutions Class 10 Economics Social Science Chapter 5: Consumer Rights is provided.

These answers will help students in their board exam preparation.

In conclusion, NCERT Solutions provide a comprehensive understanding of various concepts in the Class 10 Social Science syllabus. The solutions for Economics Chapter 5 provide an in-depth understanding of consumer rights. These solutions are available in PDF format and are free to download. The expert solutions framed by Vedantu are helpful in preparing for board exams and scoring high marks.

FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Chapter 5 - Consumer Rights

1. Why Consumer Rights are Important?

If you follow Chapter 5 Economics Class 10 NCERT Solutions, you will find why the government preserves the best interest of the consumers. It maintains faith in products and delivers a sense of satisfaction.

2. How can you Prepare for the Chapter ‘Consumer Rights’?

Follow the class lectures, study the chapter and test your knowledge by answering the exercise questions. You can make your answers better by referring to Consumer Rights Class 10 Solutions.

3. What is the Benefit of Using Class 10 Eco Ch 5 NCERT Solutions?

When you use Class 10 Consumer Rights NCERT Solutions, you can save a lot of time and prepare the answers well by following the prescribed answering format in them.

4. Does the consumer have safety rules in place for himself according to Chapter 5 of Class 10 Social Science?

Yes. As a consumer, you are protected against the marketing of goods and the delivery of products that might be harmful and more. Such information will be useful for the consumer to complain or return the goods in case of any defects.  Consumers have also the right to get compensation for unfair trade and exploitation, as mentioned in Chapter 5 of Class 10 Social Science.

5.What are consumer rights?

Consumers have the right to be informed about the goods they buy.  Right to choose the service if they want to continue or not. Right to get compensation if there is an unfair trade or exploitation.  Consumers also have the right to represent themselves in the consumer courts. Furthermore, consumer rights are explained in Vedantu. Students can prepare their notes through this without any confusion and can be well versed with the minute points in the chapter.

6. Who are consumers according to Chapter 5 of Class 10 Social Science?

Consumers are the people in the marketplace who purchase goods. The goods they purchase or the services when they seek are the consumers. As a consumer, it is very important to know their rights and the information while purchasing the goods. This will help them to return or complain about the goods if they find them defective. The benefits are given to the consumers and all the provisions are made so the consumers are safe and get the value of their money.

7. How is the consumer protected?

There are certain rules and regulations made for the safety and the protection of the consumers. In India, significant efforts were made in view of consumer protection against unfair trade and exploitation. Consumers have the right to choice, rights of representation in the court, right to complain against any unfair trades. Consumers have the right to know all the information about the product which they are going to buy.

8. How can NCERT Solutions be beneficial in the preparation of Chapter 5 of Class 10 Social Science?

The NCERT Solutions will be beneficial for the students because there are many subtopics in the chapter and remembering every point might be difficult from the textbook.  With the NCERT Solutions, the preparation becomes easy as the topics are given stepwise, which is easy to understand and to remember for a long time. The exercise and the important questions in the NCERT Solutions are very relevant and all the topics from the chapter are covered so students studying with this won't be left out of any topic. These solutions are available at free of cost on Vedantu’s website( vedantu.com ) and mobile app.

NCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapterwise Solutions

Ncert solutions for class 10 social science, cbse study materials.

• RS Aggarwal
• ML Aggarwal
• Merchant of Venice
• NCERT Books
• Questions and Answers
• NCERT Notes
• Important Questions
• Consumer Rights

NCERT Solutions for Chapter 5 Consumer Rights Class 10 Economics

Ncert solutions for chapter 4 the age of industrialisation class 10 history, related chapters.

• Development
• Sectors of the Indian Economy
• Money and Credit
• Globalisation and the Indian Economy

Related Questions

• Revision Notes for Chapter 5 Consumer Rights Class 10 Economics

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NCERT Notes For Class 10 Economics Chapter 5 Consumer Rights

Class 10 economics chapter 5 consumer rights.

NCERT Notes For Class 10 Economics Chapter 5 Consumer Rights, in this step-by-step answer guide. In some of State Boards and CBSE schools, students are taught thru NCERT books. As the chapter comes to an end, students are requested few questions in an exercising to evaluate their expertise of the chapter.

Students regularly want guidance managing those NCERT Notes. It’s most effective natural to get stuck withinside the exercises while solving them so that you can assist students score higher marks, we’ve provided step by step NCERT answers for all exercises of Class ten Economics so you can be looking for assist from them.

Students should solve those exercises carefully as questions withinside the final exams are requested from those, so these exercises immediately have an impact on students’ final score. Find all NCERT Notes for Class ten Economics below and prepare in your tests easily.

The consumer in the market place

People participate in the market both as producers and consumers.

• As a producer they sell their goods and provide services to the needy people.
• Producers provide service in the sector like, agriculture sector or primary sector, secondary sector or manufacturing sector and service sector or tertiary sector.

As a consumer, a person purchase goods and services that he/she need.

• These are the final goods that people use as consumers.
• Consumers exploited in the marketplace by the producers in various ways. In informal sector, borrowers are exploited by the moneylenders.
• People borrow money from moneylenders at high rate of interest and also forced by the moneylenders to pay the loan timely.
• In unorganized sector, people have to work at a low wage which is not fair.
• Sometimes, consumers get less weigh than what they should get and the producer also charged the price which is not maintained.
• Some big companies are manipulated the market in various ways like, by passing false information about the product through media and other sources to attract consumers.
• So, there is a need for rules and regulations to ensure protection for consumers in the market place.

Consumer movement

• There are no for rules and regulations to ensure protection for consumers. The consumers are exploited by the producers.
• For example, if a consumer is not satisfied with the product of any brand or shop. Then he/she avoid and stop to purchase from that particular brand or shop.
• In this case, all the responsibilities are shifted to the consumer for purchasing of the products.
• When the consumers are dissatisfied with unfair rule and regulation for purchasing of goods and services, then the consumer movement is arisen.
• Here, unfair rule and regulation is indulged by the sellers. It is a type of social force.
• During 1960, Rampant food shortages, hoarding, black marketing, adulteration of food and edible oil gave birth to the consumer movement in an organized form in India.
• This organization receives financial support from the government for creating awareness among the people.
• Till the 1970s, consumer organizations formed consumer groups with increasing number of consumer organization.
• This group found to look into the malpractices in ration shops and overcrowding in the road passenger transport.
• Because of all these efforts, a significant initiative was taken in 1986 by the Indian government. 
• In 1986, a major step was taken by the government of India in the form of the Consumer Protection Act 1986. popularly known as COPRA.

Consumer rights

(i) Safety is everyone right

• There are many goods and services which are hazardous for the health and property. So, that goods and services require special attention to safety.
• Consumers have the right to be protected against the marketing of goods and delivery of services which are hazardous for the health and services.
• Producers also need to follow the required rules and regulations for safety of consumers.

(ii) Information about goods and services

• Manufacturer of goods and services should have maintained information on the packing such as:
• ingredients used
• batch number
• date of manufacture
• expiry date
• the address of the manufacturer
• Directions for proper use and information relating to side effects and risks associated with usage of that particular goods and services.
• This information has been displayed because consumers have the right to get information about the goods and services that they purchase.
• Consumers can then complain and ask for compensation or replacement if the product proves to be defective in any manner.
• Consumers have right to know about the details of that particular goods and services that they purchased.

Right to Information Act

• “Right to Information Act”, was enacted by the government of India in October 2005.
• The objective of this act is to ensure its citizens all the information about the functions of government departments.

There are three reasons for formation of “Right to information”.

(i) When choice is denied

When a consumer is not satisfied with Purchasing of a particular goods and services then he/she have right to deny the choice.

(ii) Where should consumers go to get justice?

• When a consumer deny the choice.
• Then he/she has the right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices and exploitation.
• She/he has the right to get compensation depending on the degree of damage.
• For compensation she/he has to go consumer forums or consumer protection councils.
• This organization guide consumers on how to file cases in the consumer court.

COPRA, a three-tier quasi-judicial machinery at the district, state and national levels was set up for redressal of consumer disputes, under Consumer Protection Act.

• The district-level court called District Forum
• The district level court deals with the cases involving claims upto Rs 20 lakhs.
• The state level court called State Commission
• The state level courts deal with cases between Rs 20 lakhs and Rs 1 crore
• The national level court is known as the National Commissionand
• The national level court deals with cases involving claims exceeding Rs 1 crore.

When a case is dismissed in district level court, then consumer can appeal in state and then in National level courts. This act provides “Right to Represent” to the consumer.

(iii) Learning earning to become well-informed consumer

• For well-informed the consumer about their rights, Consumer Protection Act has led to the setting up of separate departments of Consumer Affairs in central and state governments.
• The logo with the letters ISI, Agmark or Hallmark helps consumers to get assurance of quality while purchasing goods and services.

Taking the consumer movement forward

Indian Parliament enacted the Consumer Protection Act on 24 December 1986. After that every year 24 December is celebrated as the National Consumers’ Day.

There are 20-25 are well organized and recognized consumer groups in India out of 200 consumer groups. After the enactment of “Consumer Protection Act” in India consumer awareness is spreading but slowly.

The consumer redressal process is becoming cumbersome, expensive and time consuming.

(i) Consumers are required to engage lawyers.

(ii) In most purchases cash memos are not issued hence evidence is not easy to gather.

ISI and Agmark

• ISI and Agmark is quality certification for many products like, LPG cylinders, food colours and additives, cement or packed drinking water.
• It is compulsory for the producers to get certified by these organizations.
• Hallmark is quality certification for jewelry.
• This mark is issued by Indian Standard Organization which is located in New Delhi.

ISO certification

• International organization for standardization is quality certification which indicates companies, goods or, institutions having this certification meet the specific level of standard.
• The headquarter of ISO is situated in Geneva, which was established in 1947.

Benefits of NCERT Notes

NCERT’s Class 10 Notes contains extremely important points, and for each chapter, each concept has been simplified to make it easier to remember and increase your chances of achieving excellent exam results. Exam Preparation References Here are some tips on how these Notes can help you prepare for the exam.

• This helps students solve many of the problems in each chapter and encourages them to make their concepts more meaningful.
• NCERT Notes for Class 10 encourage you to update your knowledge and refine your concepts so that you can get good results in the exam.
• These Notes are the best exam materials, allowing you to learn more about your week and your strengths. To get good results in the exam, it is important to overcome your weaknesses.
• Most of the questions in the exam are formulated in a similar way to NCERT textbooks. Therefore, students should review the solutions in each chapter in order to better understand the topic.
• It is free of cost.

Tips & Strategies for Class 10 Exam Preparation

• Plan your course and syllabus and make time for revision
• Please refer to the NCERT solution available on the  cbsestudyguru  website to clarify your concepts every time you prepare for the exam.
• Use the  cbsestudyguru  learning app to start learning to successfully pass the exam. Provide complete teaching materials, including resolved and unresolved tasks.
• It is important to clear all your doubts before the exam with your teachers or Alex (an Al study Bot). 
• When you read or study a chapter, write down algorithm formulas, theorems, etc., and review them quickly before the exam.
• Practice an ample number of question papers to make your concepts stronger. 
• Take rest and a proper meal.  Don’t stress too much. 

Why opt for cbsestudyguru NCERT Notes for Class 10 ? 

• cbsestudyguru  provide NCERT Notes for all subjects at your fingertips.
• These Notes are designed by subject matter experts and provide Notes to every NCERT textbook questions. 
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Notes of Ch 5 Consumer Rights| Class 10th Economics

Study material and notes of ch 5 consumer rights class 10th economics, contact form.

Consumer Rights Class 10 Economics Chapter 5 Extra Questions and Answers

CBSE Class 10 Economics Chapter 5 Consumer Rights Extra Questions and Answers is available here. Students can learn and download PDF of these questions for free. These extra questions and answers are prepared by our expert teachers as per the latest NCERT textbook and guidelines. Learning these questions will help you to score excellent marks in the board exams.

Consumer Rights Class 10 Extra Questions Economics Chapter 5

Very short answer questions.

1. Who are Producers?

Answer: People who make goods and provide services are called producers. As producers of goods and services, we could be working in any of the sectors such as agriculture, industry or services.

2. Who are Consumers?

Answer: Consumers participate in the market when they purchase goods and services that they need. These are final goods that people as consumers use.

3. What is the need of rules and regulations in the market?

Answer: Rules and regulations are needed to protect workers in unorganised sector or protect people from high interest rates charged by moneylenders in the informal sector or for protecting a consumer in the market.

4. Why do individual consumers often find themselves in a weak position?

Answer: Whenever there is a complaint regarding a good or service that they had bought, the seller tries to shift all the responsibility on to the buyer.

5. How can large companies with huge wealth and power manipulate the market?

Answer: At times, false information is given through media, and other sources to attract consumers. Such big companies with huge wealth and power can manipulate the market.

6. Give an example to prove how big companies can manipulate market with wealth and power.

Answer: A long battle had to be fought with court to make cigarette–manufacturing companies accept that their product could cause cancer.

7. Why did consumer movement arise in India?

Answer: Consumer movement arose out of the dissatisfaction of the consumers as many unfair practices were being indulged in by the sellers.

8. Who does the standardisation of products at National level?

Answer: Standardisation of products is done at the national level by the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986. ISI, AGMARK, Hallmark are well known, certification marks for national standardisation.

9. Name two certification marks for international standardisation.

Answer: Standardisation of product is done at the international level. ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 are the well-known certification marks for international standardisation.

10. Which logo will you like to see on the electric heater to be sure of its quality? OR Which quality logo would you like to see on the electric goods to be sure about their quality? [CBSE (F) 2016], [CBSE (F) 2017]

Answer: ISI.

11. Initially what was done by consumers to protect themselves from the exploitation?

Answer: Initially when a consumer was not happy with a particular brand, product or shop, he or she generally avoided buying that brand product, or would stop purchasing from that shop.

12. Why did the consumer movement begin as a social force in India?

Answer: In India, the consumer movement as a ‘social force’ originated with the necessity of protecting and promoting the interests of consumers against unethical and unfair trade practices.

13. What was the status of consumer movement in 1960s?

Answer: Rampant food shortages, hoarding, black marketing, adulteration of food and edible oil gave birth to consumer movement in an organised form in 1960s.

14. What efforts were done in 1970s by consumer groups?

Answer: Till 1970s, consumer organisations were largely engaged in writing articles and holding exhibitions. They formed consumer groups to look into the malpractices in ration shops and overcrowding in the road passenger transport.

15. What is COPRA?

Answer: A major step taken in 1986 by the Indian government was the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, popularly known as COPRA to protect consumer’s interests.

16. When and why was ‘Consumer International’ adopted?

Answer: In 1985, United Nations adopted the UN Guidelines for Consumer Protection. This was a tool for nations to adopt measures to protect consumers’ advocacy groups to press their governments to do so.

17. What is the status of Consumer International today?

Answer: Today, Consumer International has become an umbrella body of over 250 member organisations from in 120 countries.

18. Give any one example of consumer’s ‘right to choose.’ [CBSE Delhi 2017]

Answer: If a person wants to buy toothpaste and the shop owner says that she can sell the toothpaste only if the customer buys toothbrush. If you are not interested in buying the brush, you have right to deny.

19. Why should Right to Safety be practised by the consumers?

Answer: While using many goods and services, we as consumers, have the right to be protected against the marketing of goods and delivery of services that are hazardous to life and property.

20. Why do producers need to strictly follow the required safety rules and regulations?

Answer: There are many goods and services that we purchase that require special attention to safety. For example, pressure cookers have a safety valve which, if defective, can cause a serious accident. The manufacturers of the safety valve have to ensure high quality.

21. What information is needed on the packaged food?

Answer: This information is about ingredients used, price, batch number, date of manufacture, expiry date and address of the manufacturer.

22. What information is needed on the packed medicines?

Answer: When we buy medicines, on the packed medicines, we must find directions for proper use, information related to its side effects, risks associated with usage of that medicine, manufacturing date and expiry date.

23. Give an example of a catchy advertisement to attract consumers. [CBSE (F) 2017]

Answer: “Win a Gold Coin inside a pack”

24. What special instructions are needed on the garments?

Answer: When we buy garments, information on the instruction of washing or dry cleaning should be there.

25. Why does manufacturer need to display information for the consumers?

Answer: It is because consumers have the right to be informed about the particulars of goods and services that they purchase. Consumers then complain and ask for the compensation or replacement if the product proves to be defective in any manner.

26. If you want to extract information about the functions of any government department, which right would you exercise? [CBSE (F) 2017]

Answer: RTI Act (Right to Information Act).

27. Give one example why right to information is needed by a consumer in the market.

Answer: If we buy a product and find it defective well within the expiry period, we can ask for a replacement. If the expiry period was not printed, the manufacturer would blame the shopkeeper and will not accept the responsibility.

28. What is MRP?

Answer: MRP is Maximum Retail Price.

29. How does MRP help a consumer?

Answer: One can protest and complain if someone sells goods at more than the printed price on the packet. In fact, consumers can bargain with the seller to sell at less than the MRP.

30. Give example to tell how your ‘Right to choice’ is denied?

Answer: Suppose you want to buy a toothpaste, and the shop owner says that she can sell the toothpaste only if you buy a toothbrush. Your right to choice is denied.

31. What are ‘Consumer Forums’?

Answer: Consumer forum: Its a VCO (Voluntary Consumer Organisation) for consumers to keep them aware of their rights, responsibilities and how to raise their grievances.

32. What is the role of Consumer Forums?

Answer: They guide consumers on how to file cases in the consumer courts. On many occasions, they also represent individual consumers in the consumer courts.

33. What is a three tier quasi-judicial machinery at various levels.

Answer: At District Level: District Consumer Redressal Forum. At State Level: State Consumer Redressal Commission. At National Level: National Consumer Redressal Commission.

34. Which organisation does recognize ‘Political Parties’ in India? [CBSE (Comptt.) 2017]

Answer: Political Parties in India are recognized by the Election Commission.

35. What are the claim limits of the consumer court cases?

Answer: (i) District level court: Upto ₹ 20 lakh. (ii) State level court: Between ₹ 20 lakh and ₹ 1 crore. (iii) National level court: Deals with the cases involving claims exceeding ₹ 1 crore.

36. What are standardisation logos?

Answer: Following are the standardisation logos.

(i) ISI mark: For industrial product. Certifies that a product conforms to a set of standards laid by the bureau of Indian Standards.

(ii) FPO mark: A mandatory mark for all processed fruit products in India. Certifies that the product was manufactured in a hygienic ‘food-safe’ environment.

(iii) Agmark for all agricultural products.

(iv) The Non Polluting Vehicle mark on motor vehicles certifying conformity to the Bharat Stage emission standards.

(v) BIS hallmark: Certifies the purity of gold jewellery.

37. Suppose you want to purchase a Television from market, then which logo of quality should have been marked on the Television? [CBSE (Comptt.) 2017]

Answer: Logo of Quality is ISI.

38. Which companies are given these standardisation logos?

Answer: The organisations that monitor and issue these certificates allow producers to use their logos provided they follow certain quality standards.

39. For which products are these logos of standardisation mandatory?

Answer: For some products that affect the health and safety of consumers or of products of mass consumption like LPG cylinders, food colours and additives, cement, packaged drinking water, it is mandatory on the part of the producers to get certified by these organisations.

40. Which day is observed as National Consumers day in India?

Answer: India has been observing 24th December as the ‘National Consumers Day’.

41. Why has 24th December been selected to celebrate National Consumer Day in India?

Answer: It was on this day that the Indian Parliament enacted the Consumer Protection Act in 1986.

42. How many organised groups are working for Consumer Movement in India?

Answer: Today, there are more than 700 consumer groups in the country of which only about 20-25 are well organised and recognised for their work.

43. Why is it difficult for poor to get loan from Banks? [CBSE (Comptt.) 2017]

Answer: Absence of Collateral is one of the major reasons which prevent the poor from getting bank loans.

44. Why do you think that the consumer redressal process is becoming cumbersome, expensive and time consuming?

Answer: Many a time, consumers are required to engage lawyers. These cases require time for filing and attending the court proceedings, etc.

45. Reema bought a pack of brown bread later she realized that it was expired. Which right does she have to counter this problem? [CBSE Sample Paper 2017]

Answer: Right to Seek Redressal

46. What is COPRA? When was it introduced? [CBSE Sample Paper 2016]

Answer: Consumer Protection Act is popularly known as COPRA. It was introduced by the Government of India in 1986.

47. Suppose you want to buy a packed bottle of drinking water, which logo will you expect to see to be sure about its quality? [CBSE (Comptt.) 2016], [CBSE (Comptt.) 2017]

Answer: The logo: ISI/Indian Standard Institutions.

48. If any damage is done to a consumer by a trader, under which consumer right one can move to consumer court to get compensation. [CBSE (AI) 2016]

Answer: If any damage is done to a consumer by a trader, the consumer can move to the court and get compensation under—Right to seek redressal.

49. If you are not interested to buy a brush with tooth-paste but shopkeeper denied to sell tooth-paste only. In this case which consumer right is being violated by the seller? [CBSE (F) 2016]

Answer: Right to choose.

50. Give an example of violation of consumer’s right to choose. [CBSE (AI) 2017]

Answer: If you want to buy toothpaste and the shop owner says that she/he can sell the toothpaste only if you buy a toothbrush. If you are not interested in buying the brush, your right to choice is denied.

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Explain any five rights of consumers that protect them from exploitation in the market place. [CBSE Sample Paper 2017] OR Describe any three right of consumer which can help him / her against unfair trade practices and exploitation. [CBSE Delhi 2017]

Answer: Rights of consumers (i) Right to information (ii) Right to seek redressal (iii) Right to choose (iv) Right to be heard (v) Right to safety (vi) Right to represent (vii) Right to consumer education (Any five or three-as per question)

2. Why do we need rules and regulations that would promote development?

Answer: (i) These could be for the protection of workers in the unorganised sector. (ii) These are needed to protect people from high interest rates charged by moneylenders. (iii) Rules and regulations are also required for protecting the environment. (iv) Similarly, rules and regulations are required for the protection of the consumers in the marketplace.

3. How do you exercise the right to seek redressal?

Answer: (i) Consumers have the right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices and exploitation. (ii) If any damage is done to a consumer, he or she has the right to get a compensation, depending on the degree of damage. (iii) There is a need to provide an easy and effective public system by which this can be done.

Example: Prakash had sent a money order to his village for his daughter’s marriage. The money did not reach his daughter at the time when she needed it, nor did it reach months later. So, Prakash filed a case in the district level consumer court and practised right to seek redressal.

4. Describe any three duties of a consumer in the market. [CBSE (Comptt.) 2017]

Answer: (i) To be careful while buying a commodity or service. (ii) Always look for the direction for proper use and information relating to the risk associated with commodity. (iii) Needs to be well informed. (iv) Should be aware of his rights (Right to Information)

5. Describe any three rights of consumer which can help him / her against unfair trade practices and exploitation. [CBSE (Comptt.) 2017]

Answer: (i) Right to Information (ii) Right to choose (iii) Right to seek Redressal (iv) Right to safety (v) Right to represent (vi) Right to consumer education

6. What is the judicial structure of consumer disputes in India?

Answer: Under COPRA, a three-tier quasi-judicial machinery at the district, state and national levels was set up for redressal of consumer disputes.

(i) District level courts: They deal with cases involving claims upto ₹ 20 lakh.

(ii) State level courts: They deal with cases involving claims between ₹ 20 lakh to ₹ 1 crore.

(iii) National level courts: They deal with cases which are exceeding ₹ 1 crore.

If a case is dismissed in the district level court, the consumer can also appeal at the state and then at the national level court.

7. Who are producers and consumers?

Answer: We participate in the market, both as producers and consumers.

(i) As producers of goods and services, we could be working in any of the sectors like primary, secondary or tertiary.

(ii) Consumers participate in the market when they purchase goods and services that they need. These are the final goods that people as consumers use.

8. What is information needed on the packed goods?

Answer: (i) On the packed goods, details of ingredients used, price, batch number, date of manufacture, expiry date and address of manufacturer is needed.

(ii) On the packets of medicines, we must get ‘directions for proper use’ and information relating to side effects, its expiry date and risks associated with usage of that medicine.

(iii) When we buy garments, we must find information on ‘instructions for washing’.

9. How has the ‘Right to Information’ been expanded to cover various services provided by the government?

Answer: In October 2005, the government of India enacted a law, popularly known as RTI or Right to Information Act, which ensures its citizens all the information about the functions of government departments.

The effect of the RTI Act can be understood by taking up the following example.

An engineering graduate applied for a government job and submitted all his certificates. But officials did not inform him the status of his selection. He, therefore, filed an application using the RTI Act, saying that it was his right to know the result, so that he could plan his future. He soon got his call letter for appointment.

10. What is the role of consumer forums?

Answer: The consumer movement in India has led to the formation of various organisations known as ‘Consumer Forums’ or ‘Consumer Protection Councils’.

(i) They guide consumers on how to file cases in the consumer court. (ii) On many occasions, they also represent individual consumers in the consumer courts. (iii) These voluntary organisations also receive financial support from the government for creating awareness among the people.

11. Who can file a complaint? What is the procedure?

Answer: (i) Individual Consumer. (ii) Consumer Organisations/Registered Voluntary Consumer Associations. (iii) Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs). (iv) The Central Government or any State Government.

There is no court fee for filing complaint in consumer court. The consumer has to file a simple registration form and can even plead his case on his own. The claim up to ` 20 lakh is filed with district forum. If a consumer is not satisfied with the decision of the district forum, then he can make appeal to the state commission. If the consumer is not satisfied with the decision of state commission then he can make appeal to National Commission located in New Delhi. National Commission is the apex body in this regard.

12. What is consumer awareness?

Answer: Consumer awareness means educating the consumer about his rights and duties. As a result of consumer education, consumer becomes familiar with the laws that protect his interests and restrict his exploitation.

13. What is the need for consumer awareness?

Answer: Consumer is exploited in many ways. Consumers are scattered, unorganised and many of them are illiterate. The traders, moneylenders, service-providers exploit the consumers in many ways. Sellers try to shift the responsibility of product/service on the buyer. They plea that the buyer should be aware when he buys the goods. It is the responsibility of the buyer to check the goods while purchasing them. The need for consumer protection and satisfaction has been widely accepted all over the world. All this has resulted in need for creating consumer awareness in India also.

14. What factors led to the beginning of the ‘Consumer Movement’ in India? OR Analyse any three reasons for the beginning of the consumer movement in India. [CBSE Delhi 2017]

Answer: (i) The consumer movement arose out of dissatisfaction of the consumers as many unfair practices were being indulged in by sellers.

(ii) There was no legal system available to consumers to protect themselves from exploitation in the marketplace.

(iii) It was presumed that it was the responsibility of the consumers to be careful while buying a commodity or service considering that sellers are indulged in many unfair practices.

(iv) It took many years for organisations in India and around the world to create awareness amongst people.

(v) This has also shifted the responsibility of ensuring the quality of goods and services onto the sellers.

15. Write a short note on ISI and AGMARK.

Answer: ISI: Indian Standards Institute.

AGMARK: ‘AG’ is for agriculture and ‘Mark’ is for certification mark. Agmark: Food Products.

ISI: Electrical Appliances and Industrial products.

These are provided by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). They are a guarantee of the good quality of a product. These marks generate trust among the consumers regarding the good quality of a commodity.

16. How can money easily exchange it for goods or services? Give example to explain. [CBSE (Delhi) 2016]

Answer: Money acts easier to exchange for goods and services: (i) A person holding money can easily exchange it for any commodity or service that he or she might want. (ii) Everyone prefers to receive payments in money and exchange the money for things they want.

For example: A shoemaker wants to sell shoes in the market and buy wheat. The shoemaker will first exchange shoes for money and then exchange the money for wheat. If the shoemaker had to directly exchange shoes for wheat without the use of money. He would have to look for a wheat growing farmer who not only wants to sell wheat but also wants to buy the shoe in exchange. Both the parties have to agree to sell and buy each other’s commodities. This process is very difficult, time consuming and unhealthy.

17. “Consumer awareness is essential to avoid exploitation in the market place.” Support the statement. [CBSE (Delhi) 2016]

Answer: Consumer awareness to avoid exploitation: Consumer awareness is essential to avoid exploitation in the market place. Market do not work in a fair manner. Exploitation happen in various ways. Therefore, awareness is essential. Certain details are given on the packing. When we buy medicines, on the packets details are marked. Rules have been made so that the manufacturer displays the information. Consumers can complain and ask for compensation or replacement of the product, if proves to be defective in any manner.

18. “Rules and regulations are required for the protection of the consumers in the market place.” Justify the statement with arguments. [CBSE (AI) 2016]

Answer: Rules and regulations are required for the protection of the consumers in the market place.

(i) Individual consumers often find themselves in a weak position whenever there is a complaint regarding a good or service that had been bought, the seller tries to shift all the responsibility on to the buyer.

(ii) Exploitation in the market place happens in various ways. For example, sometimes the traders indulge in unfair trade practices such as – when shopkeepers weigh less than what they should or when traders add changes that were not mentioned before or when adulterated or defective goods are sold.

(iii) At times false information is passed on through media to attract consumers.

19. How are consumers exploited in the market place? Explain. [CBSE (AI) 2016], [CBSE (F) 2017]

Answer: Consumers are exploited in the market place in following ways: (i) Weigh less than what they should. Absence of expiry date on products. (ii) Traders add charges that were not mentioned before. Rough behaviour of shopkeepers. (iii) Traders sell adulterated or defective goods. (iv) False information is passed through the media and other sources to attract consumers.

20. “The consumer movement arose out of dissatisfaction of the consumers”. Justify the statement with arguments. [CBSE (AI) 2016]

Answer: “The Consumer movement arose out of dissatisfaction of the consumers”:

(i) As many unfair practices were being indulged in by the sellers.

(ii) There was no legal system available to the consumers to protect them from exploitation in the market place.

(iii) In India, the consumer movement as a “Social Force” originated with the necessity of protecting and promoting the interest of consumers against unethical and unfair trade practices.

(iv) Rampant Food shortage, hoardings black marketing, adulteration of food and edible oil gave birth to the consumer movement in an organized form in the 1960s

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Why are rules and regulations needed in the market? Explain with examples. [CBSE Delhi 2017]

Answer: Need for rules and regulations:

(i) Individual consumers often find themselves in a weak position. Whenever there is a complaint regarding a good or service that had been bought, the seller tries to shift all the responsibility on to the buyer.

(ii) Sometimes traders indulge in unfair trade practices, such as when shopkeepers weigh less than what they should.

(iii) Markets do not work in a fair manner when producers are few and powerful. A long battle had to be fought with court cases to make cigarette manufacturing companies accept that their product could cause cancer.

(iv) Large companies with huge wealth, power and reach can manipulate the market in various ways. At times false information is passed on through the media and other sources to attract consumers.

(v) Consumer is also exploited when buyers purchase in small amount and are scattered. For example, a company for years sold powder milk for babies all over the world as the most scientific product claiming this to be better than mother’s milk. It took years of struggle before the company was forced to accept that it had been making false claims.

2. How does a consumer exercise his right to be informed?

Answer: (i) Manufacturers display the required information on the goods or medicines we purchase, because consumers have the right to be informed.

(ii) Consumers can then complain and ask for compensation or replacement, if the product proves to be defective in any manner.

(iii) For example, if we buy a product and find it defective well within the expiry period, we can ask for a replacement. If the expiry period is not printed, the manufacturer would blame the shopkeeper and will not accept the responsibility.

(iv) One can protest and complain if someone sells a goods at more than the printed price on the packet. This is indicated by the Maximum Retail Price (MRP). In fact, customers can bargain with the seller to sell at less than the MRP.

(v) In October 2005, the government of India enacted a law known as RTI or the Right to Information Act, which ensures its citizens all the information about the functions of government departments.

3. What problems do we face in taking the consumer movement forward?

Answer: The consumer redressal process is becoming cumbersome, expensive and time consuming. Many times, consumers are required to engage a lawyer. These cases require time for filing and attending the court proceedings, etc. In most purchases, cash memos are not issued, hence, evidence is not easy to gather.

Moreover, most purchases in the market are small retail sales. The existing laws also are not very clear on the issue of compensation to consumers injured by defective products.

After 32 years of the enactment of COPRA, consumer awareness in India is spreading but slowly. Besides this, the enforcement of laws that protects workers, especially in the unorganised sector is weak. Rules and regulations for the functioning of markets are often not followed.

4. Trace the evolution of the consumer movement in India.

Answer: (i) In India, the consumer movement as a ‘social force’ began with the necessity of protecting and promoting the interests of consumers against unfair trade practices.

(ii) Rampant food shortages, hoarding, black marketing, adulteration of food and edible oil gave birth to the consumer movement in an organised form in the 1960s.

(iii) Till the 1970s, consumer organisations were largely engaged in writing articles and holding exhibitions.

(iv) They formed consumer groups to look into the malpractices in ration shops and overcrowding in the road passenger transport.

(v) Because of these efforts, the movement succeeded in bringing pressure on business firms, as well as the government to correct business conduct.

(vi) A major step taken in 1986 by the Indian government, was the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, popularly known as COPRA.

(vii) More recently, India witnessed an upsurge in the number of consumer groups.

5. Write a note on Consumers International.

Answer: (i) In 1985, United Nations adopted the guidelines for consumer protection.

(ii) This was a tool for nations to adopt measures to protect consumers and for consumer advocacy groups to press their governments to do so.

(iii) At the international level, this has become foundation for consumer movement.

(iv) Today, Consumers International has become an umbrella body of over 250 member organisations in 120 countries, in which India is one of them.

6. How can ‘Right to Safety’ be practised?

Answer: (i) While using many goods and services, we as consumers, have the right to be protected against the marketing of goods and delivery of services that are hazardous to life and property.

(ii) Producers need to strictly follow the required safety rules and regulations.

(iii) There are many goods and services that we purchase that require special attention to safety.

(iv) For example, pressure cookers have a safety valve which, defective, can cause a serious accident. The manufacturers of the safety valve have to ensure high quality. We also need public or government action to see that this quality is maintained.

7. Why are quality measurements used?

Answer: The quality measurements are used to satisfy a consumer.

(i) While buying many commodities, there is a logo with letters like ISI, AGMARK or Hallmark.

(ii) These logos and codification help consumers get assured of quality while purchasing the goods and services.

(iii) The organisations that monitor and issue these certificates allow producers to use their logos provided they follow certain quality standards.

(iv) Though these organisations develop quality standards for many products, it is not compulsory for all the producers to follow standards.

(v) However, for some products that affect the health and safety of consumers or of products of mass consumption like LPG cylinders, food colours, additives, cement, packaged drinking water, it is mandatory on the part of the producers to get their products certified by these organisations.

8. COPRA has enabled the consumers to have the right to represent in the consumer courts. Explain how it benefits the consumers. [CBSE Sample Paper 2016]

The district level court deals with the cases involving claims upto ₹20 lakhs, the state level courts between ₹20 lakhs and ₹1 crore and the national level court deals with cases involving claims exceeding ₹1 crore.

If a case is dismissed in district level court, the consumer can also appeal in state and then in National level courts. Thus, the Act has enabled us as consumers to have the right to represent in the consumer courts.

It strengthened the Consumer Movement and provided the consumers with the right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices and exploitation. If any damage is done to a consumer, she has the right to get compensation depending on the degree of damage.

9. Examine any three conditions which should be taken care of by multinational companies to set up their production units. [CBSE Delhi 2016]

Answer: (i) Close to the market. (ii) Skilled and unskilled labour available at low cost. (iii) Government policies.

HOTS Questions (Higher Order Thinking Skills)

1. Identify the factors which encourage the traders to adopt unfair practices. How is consumer exploited? Or What are the forms of consumer exploitation?

Answer: When a consumer in the market place is forced to buy a product or sold for higher price or not returned if defective or sold defective product, he is supposed to be exploited.

Consumer is exploited in the following ways:

(1) Deceptive Advertising: In some cases, the advertisers speak very highly of their product by giving exaggerated statements. Taking these advertisements to be true, the consumer is tempted to buy these goods. But on actual use, he finds that he has been deceived. For example: An advertisement of washing powder claims that a spoon-full of powder can wash a full bucket of clothes. On actual use, it was found that it could wash only one or two clothes; this advertisement was held deceptive.

(2) Unreasonable Prices: Sometimes sellers charge a price higher than the maximum retail price (MRP). Traders create artificial scarcity of essential goods by hoarding them. Later, these goods are sold at higher prices, thus leading to consumer’s exploitation.

(3) Adulteration: Adulteration of goods are sometimes dangerous to life or hazardous to health. For example, mixing animal fat with ghee.

(4) Poor Quality Products: There are a large number of deaths and injuries on account of substandard and unsafe domestic products like pressure cookers, electrical gadgets, etc.

(5) Deceptive Packing: Sometimes manufacturers use almost similar brand name with minor changes in the spelling of a reputed brand, but the appearance of the wrapper is kept almost the same so as to give the impression that the product is of reputed brand.

(6) Under weighed Supplies: Some manufacturers sell certain products in packings where actual quantity is less than the quantity written on these packages. For example, each LPG cylinder must contain 14.2 kg of gas but sometimes under weighed cylinders are supplied to the consumers.

(7) Deficiency in Service: Due to this, consumers suffer a lot. For example, (i) Undue delay by the courier services. (ii) Wrong billing by the electricity and telephone department. (iii) Undue delay in settling insurance accident claims.

(8) Negligence in Service: In newspapers, some cases of negligence in service are reported. For example, (i) By an oversight, the wrong leg of a patient was amputated by a surgeon. (ii) About 2 dozen persons were operated in a hospital and they lost their eye sight as a result of infection that spread in the operation theatre.

2. “Consumer movement can be effective only with the consumer’s active involvement.” Analyse the statement. [CBSE Delhi 2017]

Answer: The consumer movement is generally a result of dissatisfaction of consumers over unfair practices in a market place. It is true that consumer movement can be effective only with the consumer active involvement. Consumers are the kings in the market place, therefore they should exercise their consumer rights.

Whenever a consumer buys any product or services, must be careful before buying, so that he may not be fooled by the producers and shopkeepers. Consumer should exercise his rights and duties diligently. He should insist on buying a standardised product looking at his own safety.

If consumer is conscious or aware, he should convey this message to others so that this consumer movement may be made more effective. For example in the 1960, there were food shortages and black marketing and adulteration of food. This resulted in strong consumer movement.

3. How can a consumer exercise his right to choice?

Answer: Any consumer who receives a service in whatever capacity, regardless of age, gender and nature of service, has the right to choose, whether to continue to receive the service or not.

For example, suppose you want to buy a shampoo and the shop owner says that he can sell the shampoo only if you buy a body wash. If you are not interested in buying the body wash your right to choice is denied.

So many times you are forced to buy things that you may not wish to as you are left with no choice. But every consumer in a capitalist company has the right to exercise his right to choice.

4. How should consumer become a well-informed consumer?

Answer: (i) When we as consumers become conscious of our rights while purchasing various goods and services, we will be able to discriminate and make informed choices.

(ii) This calls for acquiring the knowledge skill to become a well-informed consumer.

(iii) We should become conscious of our rights.

(iv) The enactment of COPRA has led to the setting up of separate departments of consumer affairs in central and state government.

(v) There are posters in the cities or states, through which government spread information about legal process which people can use.

5. Who is an ideal consumer?

Answer: An ideal consumer is the one who has the following qualities/attributes:

• Updates his knowledge of consumer’s rights and duties.
• Has an eco-friendly attitude.
• Prevents corruption rather than being a party to it.
• Buys only those goods and services which he needs, so that wasteful and demonstrative consumption is avoided.
• Cares for health and hygiene in his selection and use of goods and services.
• Prefers to use such products which can be recycled and which are bio-degradable.
• Makes purchases only from authorized retailers/shopkeepers.
• Conscious of standardisation marks like ISO, ISI, AGMARK, Hallmark, etc.
• Procures and preserves cash memo and warranty card.

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NCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter-wise Solutions

• Development
• Sector of Indian Economy
• Money and Credit
• Globalization of Indian Sector
• Consumer Rights
• Resources and Development
• Forest and Wildlife Resources
• Water Resources
• Agriculture
• Minerals and Energy Resources
• Manufacturing Industries
• Lifelines of National Economy
• The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
• The Nationalist Movement in Indo China
• Nationalism in India
• The Making of a Global World
• The Age of Industrialisation
• Work Life and Leisure
• Print Culture and The Modern World
• Novels Society and History
• Power Sharing
• Democracy and Diversity
• Gender Religion Caste
• Popular Struggle and Movements
• Political Parties
• Outcomes of Democracy

NCERT solutions for Class 10 Social Science Economics Consumer rights

Question 1: why are rules and regulations required in the marketplace illustrate with a few examples..

Answer : Rules and regulations are required in the marketplace to protect consumers against exploitation by sellers and service provider. Especially when large companies are producing these goods and these companies with huge wealth, power and reach can manipulate the market in various ways. Sellers often abdicate responsibility for a low-quality product, cheat in weighing out goods, add extra charges over the retail price, sell adulterated/ defective goods and also provide false information about a product or service. Markets do not work in a fair manner when producers are few and powerful whereas consumers purchase in small amounts and are scattered. Hence, rules and regulations are needed to protect the scattered buyers from powerful and fewer producers who monopolise markets. For example, a grocery shop owner might sell expired products and then blame the customer for not checking the date of expiry before buying the items.

Question 2: What factors gave birth to the consumer movement in India? Trace its evolution.

Answer : The factors that gave birth to the consumer movement in India are manifold. The consumer movement arose out of dissatisfaction of the consumers as many unfair practices were being indulged in by the sellers. It started as a “social force” with the need to protect and promote consumer interests against unfair and unethical trade practices. These unfair practices in the market cause heavy loss to the consumer, they suffer from monetary loss as well as it affects their health. Extreme food shortages, hoarding, black marketing and adulteration of food led to the consumer movement becoming an organised arena in the 1960s. Till the 1970s, consumer organisations were mostly busy writing articles in newspaper, magazine and holding exhibitions. More recently, there has been an upsurge in the number of consumer groups who have shown concern towards ration shop malpractices and overcrowding of public transport vehicles. India has witnessed an upsurge in the number of consumer groups and these have succeeded in bringing pressure on business firms as well as government to correct business conduct which may be unfair and against the interest of the consumers at large.In 1986, the Indian government enacted the Consumer Protection Act, also known as COPRA. This was a major step in the consumer movement in India.

Question 3: Explain the need for consumer consciousness by giving two examples.

Answer : Consumer consciousness is being aware of your right as a consumer while buying any goods or services. Consumers have the right to be protected against the marketing of goods and delivery of services that are hazardous to life and property. Example :

• The ISI and Agmark logos are quality certification on certain classes of products. Consumer must look for such certifications while purchasing items requiring these marks.
• Because of conscious consumers, most of the sweet shops do not include the weight of the container when they weigh sweets.

Question 4: Mention a few factors which cause exploitation of consumers.

Answer : Factors which cause exploitation of consumers are :

• Lack of awareness of consumer rights among buyers.
• Improper and inadequate monitoring of rules and regulations. There is no fixed law for quality and rate
• Misleading advertising in the media.
• Consumers are scattered over large areas.
• The main reason for exploitation of consumers is the lack of knowledge. Several consumers do not have the knowledge about the price, quality, services related commodities.

Question 5: What is the rationale behind the enactment of Consumer Protection Act 1986?

Answer : The rationale behind the enactment of COPRA 1986 was to set up a separate department of consumer affairs in Central and State governments and it has been enacted to safeguard them against the exploitation. This led to the formation of consumer courts at district and state levels.

Question 6: Describe some of your duties as consumers if you visit a shopping complex in your locality.

Answer: Some of my duties as a consumer if I visit a shopping complex include:

• Checking expiry dates of the products I wish to purchase.
• Paying no more than the maximum retail price printed on the goods.
• Asking for a cash memo/receipt for the goods I purchased.
• Preventing shopkeepers from dumping me with defective products, and registering a complaint with a consumer forum or court in case a seller refuses to take responsibility for an adulterated or flawed product.
• To be aware of the quality and safety of goods and services before purchasing.
• To gather all the information and facts available about a product or service as well as to keep abreast of changes and innovations in the marketplace.

Question 7: Suppose you buy a bottle of honey and a biscuit packet. Which logo or mark you will have to look for and why?

Answer : We should look for Agmark symbol before buying the food items because this mark is certified by the government and is a certification mark employed on agricultural products in India, assuring that they conform to a set of standards approved by the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection, an agency of the Government of India.

Question 8: What legal measures were taken by the government to empower the consumers in India?

Answer : Legal measures taken by the government to empower consumers in India are plenty.

• The MRTP (Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act) was enacted in 1984 to check unfair trade and practices by manufacturers and service providers.
• The COPRA (Consumer Protection Act) implemented in 1986 to protect consumers from exploitation in the market.
• Also, under COPRA, a consumer can appeal in state and national courts, even if his case has been dismissed at the district level. Thus, consumers even have the right to represent themselves in consumer courts now if they are treated unfairly in the market place.
• Then, in October 2005, the Right to Information Act was passed, ensuring citizens all information about the functioning of government departments.

Question 9: Mention some of the rights of consumers and write a few sentences on each.

Answer : Some of the rights of consumers are as follows :

• Right to choice — Any consumer who receives a service in whatever capacity, regardless of age, gender and nature of service, has the right to choose whether to continue to receive that service. Under this right, a consumer may also choose any one of the various brands of a product (say, a refrigerator) available in the market.
• Right to redressal — Consumers have the right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices and exploitation. He has the right to be compensated by the seller/producer if any damage or loss occurs due to the products or service purchased.
• Right to represent — The act has enabled us as consumers to have the right to represent in the consumer courts. In case his representation in the district court is dismissed, he can approach the state level and then at the national level.
• The Right to be Informed and protected against fraudulent, deceitful or misleading information and to have access to accurate information and facts needed to make informed choices and decisions.

Question 10: By what means can the consumers express their solidarity?

Answer : Consumers can express their solidarity by forming consumer groups that write articles or hold exhibitions against traders’ exploitation. These groups guide individuals on how to approach a consumer court and they even help consumers to fight cases against them. Such groups, in return, receive financial aid from the government to create public awareness. Participation of people strengthens consumer solidarity.

Question 11: Critically examine the progress of consumer movement in India.

Answer : The consumer movement in India has evolved vastly since it began. There has been a significant change in consumer awareness in the country. Till the enactment of COPRA in 1986, the consumer movement did not bear much force but ever since its inception, the movement has been empowered substantially. The setting up of consumer courts and consumer groups have been a progressive move. However, in contemporary India, the consumer redressal process is very complicated. It is an expensive and time-consuming process. Filing of cases, attending court proceedings, hiring lawyers and other procedures make it cumbersome for the consumers. There are over 700 consumer groups in India out of which, unfortunately, only about 20-25 are well- organised and functioning smoothly so far. Even after more than 25 years of the enacting of the COPRA, a large section of the society of consumers is still unaware of their rights. Rules and regulations applicable to the market place are often not followed.

Question 12: Match the following.

Question 13: say true or false..

(i) COPRA applies only to goods. Answer : False

(ii) India is one of the many countries in the world which has exclusive courts for consumer redressal. Answer : True

(iii) When a consumer feels that he has been exploited, he must file a case in the District Consumer Court. Answer : True

(iv) It is worthwhile to move to consumer courts only if the damages incurred are of high value. Answer : True

(v) Hallmark is the certification maintained for standardisation of jewellery. Answer : True

(vi) The consumer redressal process is very simple and quick. Answer : False

(vii) A consumer has the right to get compensation depending on the degree of the damage. Answer : True

• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science

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