conclusion on drug addiction essay

• Search Menu
• Browse content in Arts and Humanities
• Browse content in Archaeology
• Anglo-Saxon and Medieval Archaeology
• Archaeological Methodology and Techniques
• Archaeology by Region
• Archaeology of Religion
• Archaeology of Trade and Exchange
• Biblical Archaeology
• Contemporary and Public Archaeology
• Environmental Archaeology
• Historical Archaeology
• History and Theory of Archaeology
• Industrial Archaeology
• Landscape Archaeology
• Mortuary Archaeology
• Prehistoric Archaeology
• Underwater Archaeology
• Urban Archaeology
• Zooarchaeology
• Browse content in Architecture
• Architectural Structure and Design
• History of Architecture
• Residential and Domestic Buildings
• Theory of Architecture
• Browse content in Art
• Art Subjects and Themes
• History of Art
• Industrial and Commercial Art
• Theory of Art
• Biographical Studies
• Byzantine Studies
• Browse content in Classical Studies
• Classical History
• Classical Philosophy
• Classical Mythology
• Classical Literature
• Classical Reception
• Classical Art and Architecture
• Classical Oratory and Rhetoric
• Greek and Roman Papyrology
• Greek and Roman Epigraphy
• Greek and Roman Law
• Greek and Roman Archaeology
• Late Antiquity
• Religion in the Ancient World
• Digital Humanities
• Browse content in History
• Colonialism and Imperialism
• Diplomatic History
• Environmental History
• Genealogy, Heraldry, Names, and Honours
• Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing
• Historical Geography
• History by Period
• History of Emotions
• History of Agriculture
• History of Education
• History of Gender and Sexuality
• Industrial History
• Intellectual History
• International History
• Labour History
• Legal and Constitutional History
• Local and Family History
• Maritime History
• Military History
• National Liberation and Post-Colonialism
• Oral History
• Political History
• Public History
• Regional and National History
• Revolutions and Rebellions
• Slavery and Abolition of Slavery
• Social and Cultural History
• Theory, Methods, and Historiography
• Urban History
• World History
• Browse content in Language Teaching and Learning
• Language Learning (Specific Skills)
• Language Teaching Theory and Methods
• Browse content in Linguistics
• Applied Linguistics
• Cognitive Linguistics
• Computational Linguistics
• Forensic Linguistics
• Grammar, Syntax and Morphology
• Historical and Diachronic Linguistics
• History of English
• Language Evolution
• Language Reference
• Language Acquisition
• Language Variation
• Language Families
• Lexicography
• Linguistic Anthropology
• Linguistic Theories
• Linguistic Typology
• Phonetics and Phonology
• Psycholinguistics
• Sociolinguistics
• Translation and Interpretation
• Writing Systems
• Browse content in Literature
• Bibliography
• Children's Literature Studies
• Literary Studies (Romanticism)
• Literary Studies (American)
• Literary Studies (Asian)
• Literary Studies (European)
• Literary Studies (Eco-criticism)
• Literary Studies (Modernism)
• Literary Studies - World
• Literary Studies (1500 to 1800)
• Literary Studies (19th Century)
• Literary Studies (20th Century onwards)
• Literary Studies (African American Literature)
• Literary Studies (British and Irish)
• Literary Studies (Early and Medieval)
• Literary Studies (Fiction, Novelists, and Prose Writers)
• Literary Studies (Gender Studies)
• Literary Studies (Graphic Novels)
• Literary Studies (History of the Book)
• Literary Studies (Plays and Playwrights)
• Literary Studies (Poetry and Poets)
• Literary Studies (Postcolonial Literature)
• Literary Studies (Queer Studies)
• Literary Studies (Science Fiction)
• Literary Studies (Travel Literature)
• Literary Studies (War Literature)
• Literary Studies (Women's Writing)
• Literary Theory and Cultural Studies
• Mythology and Folklore
• Shakespeare Studies and Criticism
• Browse content in Media Studies
• Browse content in Music
• Applied Music
• Dance and Music
• Ethics in Music
• Ethnomusicology
• Gender and Sexuality in Music
• Medicine and Music
• Music Cultures
• Music and Media
• Music and Religion
• Music and Culture
• Music Education and Pedagogy
• Music Theory and Analysis
• Musical Scores, Lyrics, and Libretti
• Musical Structures, Styles, and Techniques
• Musicology and Music History
• Performance Practice and Studies
• Race and Ethnicity in Music
• Sound Studies
• Browse content in Performing Arts
• Browse content in Philosophy
• Aesthetics and Philosophy of Art
• Epistemology
• Feminist Philosophy
• History of Western Philosophy
• Metaphysics
• Moral Philosophy
• Non-Western Philosophy
• Philosophy of Language
• Philosophy of Mind
• Philosophy of Perception
• Philosophy of Science
• Philosophy of Action
• Philosophy of Law
• Philosophy of Religion
• Philosophy of Mathematics and Logic
• Practical Ethics
• Social and Political Philosophy
• Browse content in Religion
• Biblical Studies
• Christianity
• East Asian Religions
• History of Religion
• Judaism and Jewish Studies
• Qumran Studies
• Religion and Education
• Religion and Health
• Religion and Politics
• Religion and Science
• Religion and Law
• Religion and Art, Literature, and Music
• Religious Studies
• Browse content in Society and Culture
• Cookery, Food, and Drink
• Cultural Studies
• Customs and Traditions
• Ethical Issues and Debates
• Hobbies, Games, Arts and Crafts
• Lifestyle, Home, and Garden
• Natural world, Country Life, and Pets
• Popular Beliefs and Controversial Knowledge
• Sports and Outdoor Recreation
• Technology and Society
• Travel and Holiday
• Visual Culture
• Browse content in Law
• Arbitration
• Browse content in Company and Commercial Law
• Commercial Law
• Company Law
• Browse content in Comparative Law
• Systems of Law
• Competition Law
• Browse content in Constitutional and Administrative Law
• Government Powers
• Judicial Review
• Local Government Law
• Military and Defence Law
• Parliamentary and Legislative Practice
• Construction Law
• Contract Law
• Browse content in Criminal Law
• Criminal Procedure
• Criminal Evidence Law
• Sentencing and Punishment
• Employment and Labour Law
• Environment and Energy Law
• Browse content in Financial Law
• Banking Law
• Insolvency Law
• History of Law
• Human Rights and Immigration
• Intellectual Property Law
• Browse content in International Law
• Private International Law and Conflict of Laws
• Public International Law
• IT and Communications Law
• Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law
• Law and Politics
• Law and Society
• Browse content in Legal System and Practice
• Courts and Procedure
• Legal Skills and Practice
• Primary Sources of Law
• Regulation of Legal Profession
• Medical and Healthcare Law
• Browse content in Policing
• Criminal Investigation and Detection
• Police and Security Services
• Police Procedure and Law
• Police Regional Planning
• Browse content in Property Law
• Personal Property Law
• Study and Revision
• Terrorism and National Security Law
• Browse content in Trusts Law
• Wills and Probate or Succession
• Browse content in Medicine and Health
• Browse content in Allied Health Professions
• Arts Therapies
• Clinical Science
• Dietetics and Nutrition
• Occupational Therapy
• Operating Department Practice
• Physiotherapy
• Radiography
• Speech and Language Therapy
• Browse content in Anaesthetics
• General Anaesthesia
• Neuroanaesthesia
• Clinical Neuroscience
• Browse content in Clinical Medicine
• Acute Medicine
• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Clinical Genetics
• Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
• Dermatology
• Endocrinology and Diabetes
• Gastroenterology
• Genito-urinary Medicine
• Geriatric Medicine
• Infectious Diseases
• Medical Toxicology
• Medical Oncology
• Pain Medicine
• Palliative Medicine
• Rehabilitation Medicine
• Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonology
• Rheumatology
• Sleep Medicine
• Sports and Exercise Medicine
• Community Medical Services
• Critical Care
• Emergency Medicine
• Forensic Medicine
• Haematology
• History of Medicine
• Browse content in Medical Skills
• Clinical Skills
• Communication Skills
• Nursing Skills
• Surgical Skills
• Browse content in Medical Dentistry
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Paediatric Dentistry
• Restorative Dentistry and Orthodontics
• Surgical Dentistry
• Medical Ethics
• Medical Statistics and Methodology
• Browse content in Neurology
• Clinical Neurophysiology
• Neuropathology
• Nursing Studies
• Browse content in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
• Gynaecology
• Occupational Medicine
• Ophthalmology
• Otolaryngology (ENT)
• Browse content in Paediatrics
• Neonatology
• Browse content in Pathology
• Chemical Pathology
• Clinical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics
• Histopathology
• Medical Microbiology and Virology
• Patient Education and Information
• Browse content in Pharmacology
• Psychopharmacology
• Browse content in Popular Health
• Caring for Others
• Complementary and Alternative Medicine
• Self-help and Personal Development
• Browse content in Preclinical Medicine
• Cell Biology
• Molecular Biology and Genetics
• Reproduction, Growth and Development
• Primary Care
• Professional Development in Medicine
• Browse content in Psychiatry
• Addiction Medicine
• Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• Forensic Psychiatry
• Learning Disabilities
• Old Age Psychiatry
• Psychotherapy
• Browse content in Public Health and Epidemiology
• Epidemiology
• Public Health
• Browse content in Radiology
• Clinical Radiology
• Interventional Radiology
• Nuclear Medicine
• Radiation Oncology
• Reproductive Medicine
• Browse content in Surgery
• Cardiothoracic Surgery
• Gastro-intestinal and Colorectal Surgery
• General Surgery
• Neurosurgery
• Paediatric Surgery
• Peri-operative Care
• Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• Surgical Oncology
• Transplant Surgery
• Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery
• Vascular Surgery
• Browse content in Science and Mathematics
• Browse content in Biological Sciences
• Aquatic Biology
• Biochemistry
• Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
• Developmental Biology
• Ecology and Conservation
• Evolutionary Biology
• Genetics and Genomics
• Microbiology
• Molecular and Cell Biology
• Natural History
• Plant Sciences and Forestry
• Research Methods in Life Sciences
• Structural Biology
• Systems Biology
• Zoology and Animal Sciences
• Browse content in Chemistry
• Analytical Chemistry
• Computational Chemistry
• Crystallography
• Environmental Chemistry
• Industrial Chemistry
• Inorganic Chemistry
• Materials Chemistry
• Medicinal Chemistry
• Mineralogy and Gems
• Organic Chemistry
• Physical Chemistry
• Polymer Chemistry
• Study and Communication Skills in Chemistry
• Theoretical Chemistry
• Browse content in Computer Science
• Artificial Intelligence
• Computer Architecture and Logic Design
• Game Studies
• Human-Computer Interaction
• Mathematical Theory of Computation
• Programming Languages
• Software Engineering
• Systems Analysis and Design
• Virtual Reality
• Browse content in Computing
• Business Applications
• Computer Security
• Computer Games
• Computer Networking and Communications
• Digital Lifestyle
• Graphical and Digital Media Applications
• Operating Systems
• Browse content in Earth Sciences and Geography
• Atmospheric Sciences
• Environmental Geography
• Geology and the Lithosphere
• Maps and Map-making
• Meteorology and Climatology
• Oceanography and Hydrology
• Palaeontology
• Physical Geography and Topography
• Regional Geography
• Soil Science
• Urban Geography
• Browse content in Engineering and Technology
• Agriculture and Farming
• Biological Engineering
• Civil Engineering, Surveying, and Building
• Electronics and Communications Engineering
• Energy Technology
• Engineering (General)
• Environmental Science, Engineering, and Technology
• History of Engineering and Technology
• Mechanical Engineering and Materials
• Technology of Industrial Chemistry
• Transport Technology and Trades
• Browse content in Environmental Science
• Applied Ecology (Environmental Science)
• Conservation of the Environment (Environmental Science)
• Environmental Sustainability
• Environmentalist Thought and Ideology (Environmental Science)
• Management of Land and Natural Resources (Environmental Science)
• Natural Disasters (Environmental Science)
• Nuclear Issues (Environmental Science)
• Pollution and Threats to the Environment (Environmental Science)
• Social Impact of Environmental Issues (Environmental Science)
• History of Science and Technology
• Browse content in Materials Science
• Ceramics and Glasses
• Composite Materials
• Metals, Alloying, and Corrosion
• Nanotechnology
• Browse content in Mathematics
• Applied Mathematics
• Biomathematics and Statistics
• History of Mathematics
• Mathematical Education
• Mathematical Finance
• Mathematical Analysis
• Numerical and Computational Mathematics
• Probability and Statistics
• Pure Mathematics
• Browse content in Neuroscience
• Cognition and Behavioural Neuroscience
• Development of the Nervous System
• Disorders of the Nervous System
• History of Neuroscience
• Invertebrate Neurobiology
• Molecular and Cellular Systems
• Neuroendocrinology and Autonomic Nervous System
• Neuroscientific Techniques
• Sensory and Motor Systems
• Browse content in Physics
• Astronomy and Astrophysics
• Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
• Biological and Medical Physics
• Classical Mechanics
• Computational Physics
• Condensed Matter Physics
• Electromagnetism, Optics, and Acoustics
• History of Physics
• Mathematical and Statistical Physics
• Measurement Science
• Nuclear Physics
• Particles and Fields
• Plasma Physics
• Quantum Physics
• Relativity and Gravitation
• Semiconductor and Mesoscopic Physics
• Browse content in Psychology
• Affective Sciences
• Clinical Psychology
• Cognitive Psychology
• Cognitive Neuroscience
• Criminal and Forensic Psychology
• Developmental Psychology
• Educational Psychology
• Evolutionary Psychology
• Health Psychology
• History and Systems in Psychology
• Music Psychology
• Neuropsychology
• Organizational Psychology
• Psychological Assessment and Testing
• Psychology of Human-Technology Interaction
• Psychology Professional Development and Training
• Research Methods in Psychology
• Social Psychology
• Browse content in Social Sciences
• Browse content in Anthropology
• Anthropology of Religion
• Human Evolution
• Medical Anthropology
• Physical Anthropology
• Regional Anthropology
• Social and Cultural Anthropology
• Theory and Practice of Anthropology
• Browse content in Business and Management
• Business Ethics
• Business Strategy
• Business History
• Business and Technology
• Business and Government
• Business and the Environment
• Comparative Management
• Corporate Governance
• Corporate Social Responsibility
• Entrepreneurship
• Health Management
• Human Resource Management
• Industrial and Employment Relations
• Industry Studies
• Information and Communication Technologies
• International Business
• Knowledge Management
• Management and Management Techniques
• Operations Management
• Organizational Theory and Behaviour
• Pensions and Pension Management
• Public and Nonprofit Management
• Strategic Management
• Supply Chain Management
• Browse content in Criminology and Criminal Justice
• Criminal Justice
• Criminology
• Forms of Crime
• International and Comparative Criminology
• Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice
• Development Studies
• Browse content in Economics
• Agricultural, Environmental, and Natural Resource Economics
• Asian Economics
• Behavioural Finance
• Behavioural Economics and Neuroeconomics
• Econometrics and Mathematical Economics
• Economic History
• Economic Systems
• Economic Methodology
• Economic Development and Growth
• Financial Markets
• Financial Institutions and Services
• General Economics and Teaching
• Health, Education, and Welfare
• History of Economic Thought
• International Economics
• Labour and Demographic Economics
• Law and Economics
• Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
• Microeconomics
• Public Economics
• Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics
• Welfare Economics
• Browse content in Education
• Adult Education and Continuous Learning
• Care and Counselling of Students
• Early Childhood and Elementary Education
• Educational Equipment and Technology
• Educational Strategies and Policy
• Higher and Further Education
• Organization and Management of Education
• Philosophy and Theory of Education
• Schools Studies
• Secondary Education
• Teaching of a Specific Subject
• Teaching of Specific Groups and Special Educational Needs
• Teaching Skills and Techniques
• Browse content in Environment
• Applied Ecology (Social Science)
• Climate Change
• Conservation of the Environment (Social Science)
• Environmentalist Thought and Ideology (Social Science)
• Natural Disasters (Environment)
• Social Impact of Environmental Issues (Social Science)
• Browse content in Human Geography
• Cultural Geography
• Economic Geography
• Political Geography
• Browse content in Interdisciplinary Studies
• Communication Studies
• Museums, Libraries, and Information Sciences
• Browse content in Politics
• African Politics
• Asian Politics
• Chinese Politics
• Comparative Politics
• Conflict Politics
• Elections and Electoral Studies
• Environmental Politics
• European Union
• Foreign Policy
• Gender and Politics
• Human Rights and Politics
• Indian Politics
• International Relations
• International Organization (Politics)
• International Political Economy
• Irish Politics
• Latin American Politics
• Middle Eastern Politics
• Political Behaviour
• Political Economy
• Political Institutions
• Political Methodology
• Political Communication
• Political Philosophy
• Political Sociology
• Political Theory
• Politics and Law
• Public Policy
• Public Administration
• Quantitative Political Methodology
• Regional Political Studies
• Russian Politics
• Security Studies
• State and Local Government
• UK Politics
• US Politics
• Browse content in Regional and Area Studies
• African Studies
• Asian Studies
• East Asian Studies
• Japanese Studies
• Latin American Studies
• Middle Eastern Studies
• Native American Studies
• Scottish Studies
• Browse content in Research and Information
• Research Methods
• Browse content in Social Work
• Addictions and Substance Misuse
• Adoption and Fostering
• Care of the Elderly
• Child and Adolescent Social Work
• Couple and Family Social Work
• Developmental and Physical Disabilities Social Work
• Direct Practice and Clinical Social Work
• Emergency Services
• Human Behaviour and the Social Environment
• International and Global Issues in Social Work
• Mental and Behavioural Health
• Social Justice and Human Rights
• Social Policy and Advocacy
• Social Work and Crime and Justice
• Social Work Macro Practice
• Social Work Practice Settings
• Social Work Research and Evidence-based Practice
• Welfare and Benefit Systems
• Browse content in Sociology
• Childhood Studies
• Community Development
• Comparative and Historical Sociology
• Economic Sociology
• Gender and Sexuality
• Gerontology and Ageing
• Health, Illness, and Medicine
• Marriage and the Family
• Migration Studies
• Occupations, Professions, and Work
• Organizations
• Population and Demography
• Race and Ethnicity
• Social Theory
• Social Movements and Social Change
• Social Research and Statistics
• Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
• Sociology of Religion
• Sociology of Education
• Sport and Leisure
• Urban and Rural Studies
• Browse content in Warfare and Defence
• Defence Strategy, Planning, and Research
• Land Forces and Warfare
• Military Administration
• Military Life and Institutions
• Naval Forces and Warfare
• Other Warfare and Defence Issues
• Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution
• Weapons and Equipment

A newer edition of this book is available.

• < Previous chapter

11 Conclusion and overview

• Published: September 2013
• Cite Icon Cite
• Permissions Icon Permissions

Substance addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder. Individuals abuse substances for different reasons. There may be personal and mitigating circumstances that lead people to substance abuse (e.g. stress or unhappiness). People may also be at increased risk of initiating substance abuse due to their age. The commencement of adolescence, for example, is a unique period of neurobiological development. Compared to children and adults, adolescents exhibit a number of psychological traits, such as risky and reward-seeking behaviour. The emergence of these traits may reflect the relatively early functional development of brain limbic affective and reward systems compared to the prefrontal cortex. As such, the period of adolescence may confer a vulnerability to the onset of drug misuse and addiction due to developmental changes in neurobiology, which seem to encourage reward-centred and risky decision-making behaviour.

Additionally, there are genetic risks for substance abuse. Twin registry and adoption studies, for example, have shown that the heritability of alcoholism may be as high as 50–60%. Whatever the cause, substance abuse and dependence confers significant social, mental, and medical impairment in those individuals afflicted, together with huge economic costs to society.

Signed in as

Institutional accounts.

• GoogleCrawler [DO NOT DELETE]
• Google Scholar Indexing

Personal account

• Sign in with email/username & password
• Get email alerts
• Save searches
• Purchase content
• Activate your purchase/trial code

Institutional access

• Sign in with a library card Sign in with username/password Recommend to your librarian
• Institutional account management
• Get help with access

Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:

IP based access

Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.

Sign in through your institution

Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Shibboleth/Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic.

• Click Sign in through your institution.
• Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in.
• When on the institution site, please use the credentials provided by your institution. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account.
• Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic.

If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution’s website, please contact your librarian or administrator.

Sign in with a library card

Enter your library card number to sign in. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian.

Society Members

Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways:

Sign in through society site

Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. If you see ‘Sign in through society site’ in the sign in pane within a journal:

• Click Sign in through society site.
• When on the society site, please use the credentials provided by that society. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account.

If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society.

Sign in using a personal account

Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. See below.

A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions.

Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members.

Viewing your signed in accounts

Click the account icon in the top right to:

• View your signed in personal account and access account management features.
• View the institutional accounts that are providing access.

Signed in but can't access content

Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian.

For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more.

Our books are available by subscription or purchase to libraries and institutions.

• About Oxford Academic
• Publish journals with us
• University press partners
• What we publish
• New features  
• Open access
• Rights and permissions
• Accessibility
• Advertising
• Media enquiries
• Oxford University Press
• Oxford Languages
• University of Oxford

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide

• Copyright © 2024 Oxford University Press
• Cookie settings
• Cookie policy
• Privacy policy
• Legal notice

This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only

Sign In or Create an Account

This PDF is available to Subscribers Only

For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.

Essay on Drug Addiction

Students are often asked to write an essay on Drug Addiction in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Drug Addiction

Understanding drug addiction.

Drug addiction is a serious condition where a person feels a strong need to take drugs, even if they harm him. It’s not just about illegal drugs like cocaine or heroin, but also legal substances like alcohol and prescription medicines.

Causes of Drug Addiction

Addiction often starts with trying drugs out of curiosity, peer pressure, or to escape problems. Over time, the person needs more of the drug to get the same effect, leading to addiction.

Effects of Drug Addiction

Addiction can harm the body and mind. It can lead to health problems, affect school performance, and damage relationships.

Overcoming Drug Addiction

Overcoming addiction is possible with professional help. This can include therapy, medication, and support groups. Remember, it’s never too late to seek help.

Also check:

• Paragraph on Drug Addiction
• Speech on Drug Addiction

250 Words Essay on Drug Addiction

Introduction.

Drug addiction, a complex yet critical issue, has been plaguing societies worldwide. It is a chronic disease characterized by compulsive, or uncontrollable, drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences and long-lasting changes in the brain.

The Mechanism of Addiction

The path to drug addiction commences with the voluntary act of taking drugs. Over time, a person’s ability to choose not to consume becomes compromised; seeking and consuming the drug becomes compulsive. This behavior largely results from the effects of prolonged drug exposure on brain functioning. Addiction impacts parts of the brain involved in reward and motivation, learning and memory, and inhibitory control over behavior.

The Impact of Drug Addiction

Drug addiction is a relapsing disease. Relapse is the return to drug use after an attempt to stop. Relapse indicates the need for more or different treatment. Most drugs affect the brain’s reward circuit, causing euphoria and flooding it with the chemical messenger dopamine. A properly functioning reward system motivates a person to repeat behaviors needed to thrive, such as eating and spending time with loved ones. Surges of dopamine in the reward circuit cause the reinforcement of pleasurable but unhealthy activities like taking drugs, leading individuals to repeat the behavior.

In conclusion, drug addiction is not just a societal issue but a global health concern requiring comprehensive strategies for prevention and treatment. Understanding the deep-rooted causes and effects of drug addiction is the first step towards combating this problem. It is crucial to educate individuals about the potential risks associated with drug use and provide support for those struggling with addiction.

500 Words Essay on Drug Addiction

Drug addiction, a chronic disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences, is a global issue that affects millions of individuals and their families. It is a complex condition, a brain disease that is manifested by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequence.

The Science of Addiction

People often underestimate the complexity of drug addiction, viewing it merely as a moral failing or a lack of willpower. However, scientific research has revealed that addiction involves changes in the structure and function of the brain. Drugs alter the brain’s communication system, disrupting the way nerve cells send, receive, and process information. Certain substances can mimic natural neurotransmitters, leading to abnormal messages being sent through the network.

Factors Influencing Drug Addiction

Several factors contribute to the likelihood of substance use turning into addiction. Genetics play a significant role, accounting for about half of a person’s risk of becoming an addict. Environmental factors, such as family life, peer influence, and socioeconomic status, also play a part. Early use of drugs can interfere with a young person’s brain development, increasing the risk of later addiction.

Social and Economic Impact of Drug Addiction

Drug addiction has far-reaching social and economic impacts. It can lead to broken families, child neglect, and loss of productivity in the workplace. Economically, the cost of healthcare, legal issues, and loss of productivity due to addiction is in the billions. Drug addiction also fuels other social problems like violence, property crime, and the spread of infectious diseases like HIV and Hepatitis.

Prevention and Treatment

Prevention strategies aim at helping individuals develop the knowledge, attitudes, and skills to make healthy choices and change harmful behaviors. Schools, communities, and media campaigns can provide this education. On the other hand, treatment approaches include behavioral therapy, medication, or, ideally, a combination of both. It’s important to note that treatment needs to be tailored to the individual, as there’s no one-size-fits-all solution.

Understanding drug addiction as a brain disease helps to shed light on why it is so hard to stop using drugs, even when they are causing harm. It’s crucial to remember that addiction is a treatable condition, and with the right treatment plan, recovery is possible. As a society, acknowledging the complexity of this issue is the first step towards effective prevention and treatment strategies.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

• Essay on No Poverty
• Essay on My Favourite Sport Badminton
• Essay on My Favourite Sport Chess

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Change Password

Your password must have 6 characters or more:.

• a lower case character, 
• an upper case character, 
• a special character 

Password Changed Successfully

Your password has been changed

Create your account

Forget yout password.

Enter your email address below and we will send you the reset instructions

If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to reset your password

Forgot your Username?

Enter your email address below and we will send you your username

If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username

• April 01, 2024 | VOL. 181, NO. 4 CURRENT ISSUE pp.255-346
• March 01, 2024 | VOL. 181, NO. 3 pp.171-254
• February 01, 2024 | VOL. 181, NO. 2 pp.83-170
• January 01, 2024 | VOL. 181, NO. 1 pp.1-82

The American Psychiatric Association (APA) has updated its Privacy Policy and Terms of Use , including with new information specifically addressed to individuals in the European Economic Area. As described in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Use, this website utilizes cookies, including for the purpose of offering an optimal online experience and services tailored to your preferences.

Please read the entire Privacy Policy and Terms of Use. By closing this message, browsing this website, continuing the navigation, or otherwise continuing to use the APA's websites, you confirm that you understand and accept the terms of the Privacy Policy and Terms of Use, including the utilization of cookies.

Substance Use Disorders and Addiction: Mechanisms, Trends, and Treatment Implications

• Ned H. Kalin , M.D.

Search for more papers by this author

The numbers for substance use disorders are large, and we need to pay attention to them. Data from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health ( 1 ) suggest that, over the preceding year, 20.3 million people age 12 or older had substance use disorders, and 14.8 million of these cases were attributed to alcohol. When considering other substances, the report estimated that 4.4 million individuals had a marijuana use disorder and that 2 million people suffered from an opiate use disorder. It is well known that stress is associated with an increase in the use of alcohol and other substances, and this is particularly relevant today in relation to the chronic uncertainty and distress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic along with the traumatic effects of racism and social injustice. In part related to stress, substance use disorders are highly comorbid with other psychiatric illnesses: 9.2 million adults were estimated to have a 1-year prevalence of both a mental illness and at least one substance use disorder. Although they may not necessarily meet criteria for a substance use disorder, it is well known that psychiatric patients have increased usage of alcohol, cigarettes, and other illicit substances. As an example, the survey estimated that over the preceding month, 37.2% of individuals with serious mental illnesses were cigarette smokers, compared with 16.3% of individuals without mental illnesses. Substance use frequently accompanies suicide and suicide attempts, and substance use disorders are associated with a long-term increased risk of suicide.

Addiction is the key process that underlies substance use disorders, and research using animal models and humans has revealed important insights into the neural circuits and molecules that mediate addiction. More specifically, research has shed light onto mechanisms underlying the critical components of addiction and relapse: reinforcement and reward, tolerance, withdrawal, negative affect, craving, and stress sensitization. In addition, clinical research has been instrumental in developing an evidence base for the use of pharmacological agents in the treatment of substance use disorders, which, in combination with psychosocial approaches, can provide effective treatments. However, despite the existence of therapeutic tools, relapse is common, and substance use disorders remain grossly undertreated. For example, whether at an inpatient hospital treatment facility or at a drug or alcohol rehabilitation program, it was estimated that only 11% of individuals needing treatment for substance use received appropriate care in 2018. Additionally, it is worth emphasizing that current practice frequently does not effectively integrate dual diagnosis treatment approaches, which is important because psychiatric and substance use disorders are highly comorbid. The barriers to receiving treatment are numerous and directly interact with existing health care inequities. It is imperative that as a field we overcome the obstacles to treatment, including the lack of resources at the individual level, a dearth of trained providers and appropriate treatment facilities, racial biases, and the marked stigmatization that is focused on individuals with addictions.

This issue of the Journal is focused on understanding factors contributing to substance use disorders and their comorbidity with psychiatric disorders, the effects of prenatal alcohol use on preadolescents, and brain mechanisms that are associated with addiction and relapse. An important theme that emerges from this issue is the necessity for understanding maladaptive substance use and its treatment in relation to health care inequities. This highlights the imperative to focus resources and treatment efforts on underprivileged and marginalized populations. The centerpiece of this issue is an overview on addiction written by Dr. George Koob, the director of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), and coauthors Drs. Patricia Powell (NIAAA deputy director) and Aaron White ( 2 ). This outstanding article will serve as a foundational knowledge base for those interested in understanding the complex factors that mediate drug addiction. Of particular interest to the practice of psychiatry is the emphasis on the negative affect state “hyperkatifeia” as a major driver of addictive behavior and relapse. This places the dysphoria and psychological distress that are associated with prolonged withdrawal at the heart of treatment and underscores the importance of treating not only maladaptive drug-related behaviors but also the prolonged dysphoria and negative affect associated with addiction. It also speaks to why it is crucial to concurrently treat psychiatric comorbidities that commonly accompany substance use disorders.

Insights Into Mechanisms Related to Cocaine Addiction Using a Novel Imaging Method for Dopamine Neurons

Cassidy et al. ( 3 ) introduce a relatively new imaging technique that allows for an estimation of dopamine integrity and function in the substantia nigra, the site of origin of dopamine neurons that project to the striatum. Capitalizing on the high levels of neuromelanin that are found in substantia nigra dopamine neurons and the interaction between neuromelanin and intracellular iron, this MRI technique, termed neuromelanin-sensitive MRI (NM-MRI), shows promise in studying the involvement of substantia nigra dopamine neurons in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric illnesses. The authors used this technique to assess dopamine function in active cocaine users with the aim of exploring the hypothesis that cocaine use disorder is associated with blunted presynaptic striatal dopamine function that would be reflected in decreased “integrity” of the substantia nigra dopamine system. Surprisingly, NM-MRI revealed evidence for increased dopamine in the substantia nigra of individuals using cocaine. The authors suggest that this finding, in conjunction with prior work suggesting a blunted dopamine response, points to the possibility that cocaine use is associated with an altered intracellular distribution of dopamine. Specifically, the idea is that dopamine is shifted from being concentrated in releasable, functional vesicles at the synapse to a nonreleasable cytosolic pool. In addition to providing an intriguing alternative hypothesis underlying the cocaine-related alterations observed in substantia nigra dopamine function, this article highlights an innovative imaging method that can be used in further investigations involving the role of substantia nigra dopamine systems in neuropsychiatric disorders. Dr. Charles Bradberry, chief of the Preclinical Pharmacology Section at the National Institute on Drug Abuse, contributes an editorial that further explains the use of NM-MRI and discusses the theoretical implications of these unexpected findings in relation to cocaine use ( 4 ).

Treatment Implications of Understanding Brain Function During Early Abstinence in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder

Developing a better understanding of the neural processes that are associated with substance use disorders is critical for conceptualizing improved treatment approaches. Blaine et al. ( 5 ) present neuroimaging data collected during early abstinence in patients with alcohol use disorder and link these data to relapses occurring during treatment. Of note, the findings from this study dovetail with the neural circuit schema Koob et al. provide in this issue’s overview on addiction ( 2 ). The first study in the Blaine et al. article uses 44 patients and 43 control subjects to demonstrate that patients with alcohol use disorder have a blunted neural response to the presentation of stress- and alcohol-related cues. This blunting was observed mainly in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, a key prefrontal regulatory region, as well as in subcortical regions associated with reward processing, specifically the ventral striatum. Importantly, this finding was replicated in a second study in which 69 patients were studied in relation to their length of abstinence prior to treatment and treatment outcomes. The results demonstrated that individuals with the shortest abstinence times had greater alterations in neural responses to stress and alcohol cues. The authors also found that an individual’s length of abstinence prior to treatment, independent of the number of days of abstinence, was a predictor of relapse and that the magnitude of an individual’s neural alterations predicted the amount of heavy drinking occurring early in treatment. Although relapse is an all too common outcome in patients with substance use disorders, this study highlights an approach that has the potential to refine and develop new treatments that are based on addiction- and abstinence-related brain changes. In her thoughtful editorial, Dr. Edith Sullivan from Stanford University comments on the details of the study, the value of studying patients during early abstinence, and the implications of these findings for new treatment development ( 6 ).

Relatively Low Amounts of Alcohol Intake During Pregnancy Are Associated With Subtle Neurodevelopmental Effects in Preadolescent Offspring

Excessive substance use not only affects the user and their immediate family but also has transgenerational effects that can be mediated in utero. Lees et al. ( 7 ) present data suggesting that even the consumption of relatively low amounts of alcohol by expectant mothers can affect brain development, cognition, and emotion in their offspring. The researchers used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, a large national community-based study, which allowed them to assess brain structure and function as well as behavioral, cognitive, and psychological outcomes in 9,719 preadolescents. The mothers of 2,518 of the subjects in this study reported some alcohol use during pregnancy, albeit at relatively low levels (0 to 80 drinks throughout pregnancy). Interestingly, and opposite of that expected in relation to data from individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, increases in brain volume and surface area were found in offspring of mothers who consumed the relatively low amounts of alcohol. Notably, any prenatal alcohol exposure was associated with small but significant increases in psychological problems that included increases in separation anxiety disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. Additionally, a dose-response effect was found for internalizing psychopathology, somatic complaints, and attentional deficits. While subtle, these findings point to neurodevelopmental alterations that may be mediated by even small amounts of prenatal alcohol consumption. Drs. Clare McCormack and Catherine Monk from Columbia University contribute an editorial that provides an in-depth assessment of these findings in relation to other studies, including those assessing severe deficits in individuals with fetal alcohol syndrome ( 8 ). McCormack and Monk emphasize that the behavioral and psychological effects reported in the Lees et al. article would not be clinically meaningful. However, it is feasible that the influences of these low amounts of alcohol could interact with other predisposing factors that might lead to more substantial negative outcomes.

Increased Comorbidity Between Substance Use and Psychiatric Disorders in Sexual Identity Minorities

There is no question that victims of societal marginalization experience disproportionate adversity and stress. Evans-Polce et al. ( 9 ) focus on this concern in relation to individuals who identify as sexual minorities by comparing their incidence of comorbid substance use and psychiatric disorders with that of individuals who identify as heterosexual. By using 2012−2013 data from 36,309 participants in the National Epidemiologic Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions–III, the authors examine the incidence of comorbid alcohol and tobacco use disorders with anxiety, mood disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The findings demonstrate increased incidences of substance use and psychiatric disorders in individuals who identified as bisexual or as gay or lesbian compared with those who identified as heterosexual. For example, a fourfold increase in the prevalence of PTSD was found in bisexual individuals compared with heterosexual individuals. In addition, the authors found an increased prevalence of substance use and psychiatric comorbidities in individuals who identified as bisexual and as gay or lesbian compared with individuals who identified as heterosexual. This was most prominent in women who identified as bisexual. For example, of the bisexual women who had an alcohol use disorder, 60.5% also had a psychiatric comorbidity, compared with 44.6% of heterosexual women. Additionally, the amount of reported sexual orientation discrimination and number of lifetime stressful events were associated with a greater likelihood of having comorbid substance use and psychiatric disorders. These findings are important but not surprising, as sexual minority individuals have a history of increased early-life trauma and throughout their lives may experience the painful and unwarranted consequences of bias and denigration. Nonetheless, these findings underscore the strong negative societal impacts experienced by minority groups and should sensitize providers to the additional needs of these individuals.

Trends in Nicotine Use and Dependence From 2001–2002 to 2012–2013

Although considerable efforts over earlier years have curbed the use of tobacco and nicotine, the use of these substances continues to be a significant public health problem. As noted above, individuals with psychiatric disorders are particularly vulnerable. Grant et al. ( 10 ) use data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions collected from a very large cohort to characterize trends in nicotine use and dependence over time. Results from their analysis support the so-called hardening hypothesis, which posits that although intervention-related reductions in nicotine use may have occurred over time, the impact of these interventions is less potent in individuals with more severe addictive behavior (i.e., nicotine dependence). When adjusted for sociodemographic factors, the results demonstrated a small but significant increase in nicotine use from 2001–2002 to 2012–2013. However, a much greater increase in nicotine dependence (46.1% to 52%) was observed over this time frame in individuals who had used nicotine during the preceding 12 months. The increases in nicotine use and dependence were associated with factors related to socioeconomic status, such as lower income and lower educational attainment. The authors interpret these findings as evidence for the hardening hypothesis, suggesting that despite the impression that nicotine use has plateaued, there is a growing number of highly dependent nicotine users who would benefit from nicotine dependence intervention programs. Dr. Kathleen Brady, from the Medical University of South Carolina, provides an editorial ( 11 ) that reviews the consequences of tobacco use and the history of the public measures that were initially taken to combat its use. Importantly, her editorial emphasizes the need to address health care inequity issues that affect individuals of lower socioeconomic status by devoting resources to develop and deploy effective smoking cessation interventions for at-risk and underresourced populations.

Conclusions

Maladaptive substance use and substance use disorders are highly prevalent and are among the most significant public health problems. Substance use is commonly comorbid with psychiatric disorders, and treatment efforts need to concurrently address both. The papers in this issue highlight new findings that are directly relevant to understanding, treating, and developing policies to better serve those afflicted with addictions. While treatments exist, the need for more effective treatments is clear, especially those focused on decreasing relapse rates. The negative affective state, hyperkatifeia, that accompanies longer-term abstinence is an important treatment target that should be emphasized in current practice as well as in new treatment development. In addition to developing a better understanding of the neurobiology of addictions and abstinence, it is necessary to ensure that there is equitable access to currently available treatments and treatment programs. Additional resources must be allocated to this cause. This depends on the recognition that health care inequities and societal barriers are major contributors to the continued high prevalence of substance use disorders, the individual suffering they inflict, and the huge toll that they incur at a societal level.

Disclosures of Editors’ financial relationships appear in the April 2020 issue of the Journal .

1 US Department of Health and Human Services: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality: National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2018. Rockville, Md, SAMHSA, 2019 ( https://www.samhsa.gov/data/nsduh/reports-detailed-tables-2018-NSDUH ) Google Scholar

2 Koob GF, Powell P, White A : Addiction as a coping response: hyperkatifeia, deaths of despair, and COVID-19 . Am J Psychiatry 2020 ; 177:1031–1037 Link ,  Google Scholar

3 Cassidy CM, Carpenter KM, Konova AB, et al. : Evidence for dopamine abnormalities in the substantia nigra in cocaine addiction revealed by neuromelanin-sensitive MRI . Am J Psychiatry 2020 ; 177:1038–1047 Link ,  Google Scholar

4 Bradberry CW : Neuromelanin MRI: dark substance shines a light on dopamine dysfunction and cocaine use (editorial). Am J Psychiatry 2020 ; 177:1019–1021 Abstract ,  Google Scholar

5 Blaine SK, Wemm S, Fogelman N, et al. : Association of prefrontal-striatal functional pathology with alcohol abstinence days at treatment initiation and heavy drinking after treatment initiation . Am J Psychiatry 2020 ; 177:1048–1059 Abstract ,  Google Scholar

6 Sullivan EV : Why timing matters in alcohol use disorder recovery (editorial). Am J Psychiatry 2020 ; 177:1022–1024 Abstract ,  Google Scholar

7 Lees B, Mewton L, Jacobus J, et al. : Association of prenatal alcohol exposure with psychological, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study . Am J Psychiatry 2020 ; 177:1060–1072 Link ,  Google Scholar

8 McCormack C, Monk C : Considering prenatal alcohol exposure in a developmental origins of health and disease framework (editorial). Am J Psychiatry 2020 ; 177:1025–1028 Abstract ,  Google Scholar

9 Evans-Polce RJ, Kcomt L, Veliz PT, et al. : Alcohol, tobacco, and comorbid psychiatric disorders and associations with sexual identity and stress-related correlates . Am J Psychiatry 2020 ; 177:1073–1081 Abstract ,  Google Scholar

10 Grant BF, Shmulewitz D, Compton WM : Nicotine use and DSM-IV nicotine dependence in the United States, 2001–2002 and 2012–2013 . Am J Psychiatry 2020 ; 177:1082–1090 Link ,  Google Scholar

11 Brady KT : Social determinants of health and smoking cessation: a challenge (editorial). Am J Psychiatry 2020 ; 177:1029–1030 Abstract ,  Google Scholar

• Cited by None

• Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
• Addiction Psychiatry
• Transgender (LGBT) Issues

Essay on Drug Abuse

Here we have shared the Essay on Drug Abuse in detail so you can use it in your exam or assignment of 150, 250, 400, 500, or 1000 words.

You can use this Essay on Drug Abuse in any assignment or project whether you are in school (class 10th or 12th), college, or preparing for answer writing in competitive exams. 

Topics covered in this article.

Essay on Drug Abuse in 150 words

Essay on drug abuse in 250-300 words, essay on drug abuse in 500-1000 words.

Drug abuse is a global issue that poses serious risks to individuals and society. It involves the harmful and excessive use of drugs, leading to physical and mental health problems. Drug abuse can result in addiction, organ damage, cognitive impairment, and social and economic difficulties. Prevention efforts should focus on education, raising awareness about the dangers of drug abuse, and promoting healthy lifestyles. Access to quality healthcare and addiction treatment services is crucial for recovery. Strengthening law enforcement measures against drug trafficking is necessary to address the supply side of the problem. Creating supportive environments and opportunities for positive engagement can help prevent drug abuse. By taking collective action, we can combat drug abuse and build healthier communities.

Drug abuse is a growing global concern that poses significant risks to individuals, families, and communities. It refers to the excessive and harmful use of drugs, both legal and illegal, that have negative effects on physical and mental health.

Drug abuse has severe consequences for individuals and society. Physically, drug abuse can lead to addiction, damage vital organs, and increase the risk of overdose. Mentally, it can cause cognitive impairment, and psychological disorders, and deteriorate overall well-being. Additionally, drug abuse often leads to social and economic problems, such as strained relationships, loss of employment, and criminal activities.

Preventing drug abuse requires a multi-faceted approach. Education and awareness programs play a crucial role in informing individuals about the dangers of drug abuse and promoting healthy lifestyle choices. Access to quality healthcare and addiction treatment services is vital to help individuals recover from substance abuse. Strengthening law enforcement efforts to curb drug trafficking and promoting international cooperation is also essential to address the supply side of the issue.

Community support and a nurturing environment are critical in preventing drug abuse. Creating opportunities for individuals, especially young people, to engage in positive activities and providing social support systems can serve as protective factors against drug abuse.

In conclusion, drug abuse is a significant societal problem with detrimental effects on individuals and communities. It requires a comprehensive approach involving education, prevention, treatment, and enforcement. By addressing the root causes, raising awareness, and providing support to those affected, we can combat drug abuse and create a healthier and safer society for all.

Title: Drug Abuse – A Global Crisis Demanding Urgent Action

Introduction :

Drug abuse is a pressing global issue that poses significant risks to individuals, families, and communities. It refers to the excessive and harmful use of drugs, both legal and illegal, that have detrimental effects on physical and mental health. This essay explores the causes and consequences of drug abuse, the social and economic impact, prevention and treatment strategies, and the importance of raising awareness and fostering supportive communities in addressing this crisis.

Causes and Factors Contributing to Drug Abuse

Several factors contribute to drug abuse. Genetic predisposition, peer pressure, stress, trauma, and environmental influences play a role in initiating substance use. The availability and accessibility of drugs, as well as societal norms and cultural acceptance, also influence drug abuse patterns. Additionally, underlying mental health issues and co-occurring disorders can drive individuals to self-medicate with drugs.

Consequences of Drug Abuse

Drug abuse has devastating consequences on individuals and society. Physically, drug abuse can lead to addiction, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms. Substance abuse affects vital organs, impairs cognitive function, and increases the risk of accidents and injuries. Mental health disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and psychosis, are often associated with drug abuse. Substance abuse also takes a toll on relationships, leading to strained family dynamics, social isolation, and financial instability. The social and economic costs of drug abuse include increased healthcare expenses, decreased productivity, and the burden on criminal justice systems.

Prevention and Education

Preventing drug abuse requires a comprehensive and multi-faceted approach. Education and awareness programs are essential in schools, communities, and the media to inform individuals about the risks and consequences of drug abuse. Promoting healthy coping mechanisms, stress management skills, and decision-making abilities can empower individuals to resist peer pressure and make informed choices. Early intervention programs that identify at-risk individuals and provide support and resources are crucial in preventing substance abuse.

Treatment and Recovery

Access to quality healthcare and evidence-based addiction treatment is vital in addressing drug abuse. Treatment options include detoxification, counseling, behavioral therapies, and medication-assisted treatments. Rehabilitation centers, support groups, and outpatient programs provide a continuum of care for individuals seeking recovery. Holistic approaches, such as addressing co-occurring mental health disorders and promoting healthy lifestyles, contribute to successful long-term recovery. Support from family, friends, and communities plays a significant role in sustaining recovery and preventing relapse.

Law Enforcement and Drug Policies

Effective law enforcement efforts are necessary to disrupt drug trafficking and dismantle illicit drug networks. International cooperation and collaboration are crucial in combating the global drug trade. Additionally, drug policies should focus on a balanced approach that combines law enforcement with prevention, treatment, and harm reduction strategies. Shifting the emphasis from punitive measures toward prevention and rehabilitation can lead to more effective outcomes.

Creating Supportive Communities:

Fostering supportive communities is vital in addressing drug abuse. Communities should provide resources, social support networks, and opportunities for positive engagement. This includes promoting healthy recreational activities, providing vocational training, and creating safe spaces for individuals in recovery. Reducing the stigma associated with drug abuse and encouraging empathy and understanding are crucial to building a compassionate and supportive environment.

Conclusion :

Drug abuse remains a complex and multifaceted issue with far-reaching consequences. By addressing the causes, raising awareness, implementing preventive measures, providing quality treatment and support services, and fostering supportive communities, we can combat drug abuse and alleviate its impact. It requires collaboration and a collective effort from individuals, communities, governments, and organizations to build a society that is resilient against the scourge of drug abuse. Through education, prevention, treatment, and compassion, we can pave the way toward a healthier and drug-free future.

Related Posts

Essential Elements of Valid Contract (Explained With Examples)

What is World Population? Main Causes, Effects, Top 20 Countries

Drug Addiction Essay

In this Drug Addiction Essay , we had described drug addiction, its adverse effects; different types of drugs that are produced has different effects.

All these addictions are difficult to quit and has severe problem , health issues caused by drug addiction can persist even after a person has taken drugs.

In this article ‘ Essay on Drug Addiction ‘, we had provided the various essays in different word limits, which you can use as per your need:

Essay on Drug Addiction 200 words:

Drugs are a common problem this day, a large number of people worldwide suffer from this problem.

Drugs provide instant pleasure and stress relief; many people start taking drugs as an escape from their painful reality.

Few Peoples take drugs to experience how it feels or to give company to their friends before a person knows, it becomes addicted to drugs for him and it is difficult to get rid of this addiction.

Short-term enjoyment from the drugs can lead to serious long-term problems; this can cause serious health issues and behaviour changes.

Some of the symptoms of drug addiction include loss of appetite, impaired coordination and restlessness, lack of interest in work, financial issues and change of social cycle, covert behaviour, repeated mood swings and anxious behaviour.

Many argue that overcoming addiction simply requires willpower and determination; however, this is not the case, and it requires a lot.

To get rid of drug addiction, it is necessary to seek professional help and take appropriate medication.

This addiction can take years to overcome, and the possibility of relapse cannot be completely ruled out.

Drug Addiction Essay 300 words:

Intoxication weakens a person’s immune system; it causes various mental and physical illnesses; this problem can be short term or long term.

The kind of medicine a person consumes, how much he destroys it and the duration by which he takes it becomes the basis of various health problems.

Effect on Physical Health:

Drugs can affect a person’s physical health; it irritates various parts of the body, including the brain, throat, lungs, stomach, pancreas, liver, heart and nervous system.

It can cause health problems such as sickness, heart problems, damaged liver, stroke, lung disease, weight loss and even cancer.

There is a high risk of contracting AIDS by drug addicts because they usually share needles to inject drugs.

Driving under the influence of drugs or walking on the road can be risky because an accident is more likely to happen to such a person.

Effects on Mental Health:

Drugs have a severe effect on a person’s brain. Drugs delay decision making and affect a person’s psychosocial skills.

They can cause mental health issues such as depression, Alzheimer’s, insomnia, bipolar disorder, anxiety, conduct problems and psychosocial dysfunction.

Drug users have suicidal thoughts and often attempt suicide.

Effects on Unborn Babies:

Drug addiction can put unborn children at high risk. Pregnant women addicted to alcohol can harm the fetus.

Unborn babies are more likely to develop inherited disabilities and abnormal mental and physical abnormalities.

Intoxication can also lead to premature birth; some children also exhibit behavioural issues later in life.

Getting rid of drug addiction is highly recommended before planning a child.

Conclusion:

A person’s overall health becomes fragile due to regular doses of medicines; such a person often loses touch with reality and becomes confused.

Due to a nervous, immune system, he can catch infection very fast.

Essay on Drug Addiction 400 words:

People belonging to different age groups and from different walks of life are victims of intoxication.

While some can overcome this addiction with some difficulty, others are terrified into the dark world of drugs forever.

A person needs to be prepared to try as much as possible to get rid of drug addiction and to overcome this abuse.

Drug Addiction Risks:

While anyone can develop a drug addiction, some people are more likely to create it. Here’s a look at those who are at high risk of developing drug addiction:

People have had some heartbreaking/ painful experiences in life.

Those who have a family history of intoxication; also, suffers mental or physical abuse or neglect.

Those are suffering from depression and anxiety.

Ways to Overcome Drug Addiction:

Here are some ways to overcome addiction:

• Enrol in a rehabilitation centre.
• This is one of the main steps to overcome drug addiction.
• Good rehabilitation centres have qualified and experienced professionals who know how to deal with addicts and help them get rid of drug addiction.
• Meeting other drug addictions and seeing how hard they are trying to quit this addiction to regain a healthy life can also be encouraging.
• Seek help from friends and family
• Love and support from your near and dear ones can play an important role when it comes to getting rid of drug addiction.
• This can help determine dependency and may prompt you to give up this disgusting habit.
• Therefore, do not hesitate to discuss this problem with them; they will be more than willing to help you get rid of addiction.

As you stop the consumption of drugs, you may suffer from symptoms & medication is required to deal with these symptoms, it also helps prevent relapse.

Health issues caused by drug addiction also need to be corrected & medications will help cure them.

It can be challenging to give up the addiction; however, this is not impossible to do.

Strong determination and support from friends and family can help relieve addiction.

Drug Addiction Essay 500 words:

Intoxication affects physical health severely; this puts the addict at risk of health problems such as cardiac arrest, stroke and abdominal pain.

It also causes mental health issues such as depression, insomnia and bipolar disorder, etc.

Apart from affecting a person’s health, intoxication also affects human behaviour.

All types of drugs, including cocaine, marijuana, and weed, affect the brain’s instinct and cause mood swings, resulting in behavioural problems.

Common behavioural issues faced by drug addicts:

Intoxication falters with a person’s brain function; it interferes with the way a person behaves and the kind of choices they make.

Aggression:

A person who is under the influence of drugs can be highly aggressive. Drug addicts often get angry over trivial matters.

This behaviour is not seen only when they are experiencing high; the frequent use of drugs someway communicates aggression in their personality.

It is difficult to get along with such people; you need to be extremely vigilant around them as they can throw up frequent bouts of anger and aggression.

Poor judgment:

Drug addiction bars a person’s ability to reason; they are unable to make appropriate decisions.

They can no longer distinguish between what is right and what is wrong.

Drug users also display impulsive behaviour; they act and react without much thought. This behaviour is usually displayed when they are feeling high.

However, they may also exhibit impulsive behaviour when they return to their normal state.

Drug addicts mostly make decisions they later regret.

Loss of self-control:

Drug addiction dominates the minds of addicts, and they lose self-control.

They have an intense craving for drugs and are difficult to resist even if they want to.

Drugs dominate their decisions, actions, reactions and behaviour.

Low performance in work:

A person who is addicted to narcotics experiences a decline in performance at work/school.

He is unable to concentrate on his work and continually thinks about taking drugs.

When he does not get his supplies, he feels sluggish and low on energy; all this is a significant obstacle to work.

It has been noted that people under the influence of drugs often have hallucinations; they see things and hear noises that don’t exist.

Medications specifically known for hallucinations include salvia, mescaline, LSD, psilocybin mushrooms, and ketamine.

Venereal disease:

Trying to conceal your drug addiction from family and friends’ drug addicts often leads to underlying conditions.

They usually avoid spending time with their parents/children/spouse.

They often socialize with other drug addicts and stop hanging out with other friends; this often makes them socially awkward.

Drug addiction can cause behavioural problems that can negatively affect a person’s personal as well as professional life.

It is an addiction that the person should get rid of as soon as possible.

A person may struggle to make positive changes in his behaviour long after he has given up his intoxication.

Essay on Drug Addiction 600 words:

Large amounts of dopamine are released from the use of drugs, which puts a person in ecstasy.

People like to experience this blissful state and desire to come here again and again, which is one of the leading causes of intoxication.

Initially, most people take drugs voluntarily, but it soon becomes an addiction & it is the worst type of addiction.

It is difficult to quit and can also have negative consequences after a person gets rid of this addiction.

Drugs Type:

They are classified into three types.

Depressants: It includes cannabis, opiates, benzodiazepines, and alcohol.

They are known to slow the speed of messages going to and from the brain and thus reduce the ability to handle a situation.

When taken in small amounts, depression can make a person feel relaxed; however, when taken in large numbers, they can cause nausea, vomiting and fainting.

Stimulants: Stimulants, on the other hand, speed up messages going to and from the brain.

They have the power to boost a person’s confidence level immediately.

On the downside, they can cause high blood pressure, increase heart rate and cause restlessness, agitation and insomnia.

Frequent use of such drugs leads to panic attacks, anxiety and paranoia, stimulants include nicotine, caffeine, cocaine, and amphetamine.

Hallucinogen: Hallucinogen contains mescaline and psilocybin. These drugs cause hallucinations and distort the reality of a person.

When taken continuously, these medicines can cause high blood pressure, nausea, paranoia and numbness.

Signs and Symptoms of Drug Addiction:

A person who is addicted to drugs is likely to show the following signs and symptoms:

• Change in appetite.
• Unexpected weight gain or weight loss.
• Change in sleep pattern.
• Slurred speech.
• Switch to the circle of friends.
• Suddenly angry.
• Bloodshot eyes.
• Lack of interest in work.
• Underperformance at work/school.
• Dishonest behaviour.
• Feeling of dullness, distant and apathetic.
• Frequent mood swings.
• Lack of motivation.
• Disgusting behaviour.
• Drug addiction impacts professional life.

Drugs have adverse effects on a person’s brain; People lose their self-control; they become so addicted to drugs that everyone thinking about them is eating them.

They are unable to concentrate on work and lose interest in it; even if they try to work, they feel tired and withdraw.

Drugs have an impact on their cognitive skills, analytical skills, and decision-making power & adversely affects their professional lives.

Drug addicts also exhibit irrational behaviour; they become aggressive, develop impaired judgment and grow impulsive.

Such behaviour is unacceptable in an office setting & puts them in a bad light and prevents the possibility of professional development.

Drug Addiction Affects Personal Relationship:

A drug addict loves the company of drug users and tries to spend most of his time with them; he is no longer interested in his family and friends.

This often leads to arguments and quarrels that spoil their family life as well as their equation with their friends.

A drug addict spoils not only his life but also peoples around him.

Also, read 1. Terr orism Essay 2. Corruption in India 3. Child labour Essay 4. Blood donation Essay

In this Drug Addiction Essay, we had described the Drugs can strengthen a person’s ability to think and act; it can rise to many health hazards, behavioural problems and relationship issues.

The safest way is to stay away from drugs; people who are addicted to drugs have little chance of quitting the addiction.

It ruins their lives and causes deep sorrow to their loved ones.

• Section Under Essays

Gupshups is the place to find the most inspirational & motivation quotes, essay, speechs & lot more.

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Essay on Addiction for Students and Children

500 words essay on addiction.

As we all know that excess of anything can be very dangerous, the same way, addiction of any kind can hamper the life quality of an individual. The phrase states that addiction is a family disease as one person uses and the whole family suffers. The above statement stands true in all its essence as the addict does not merely suffer but the people around him suffer greatly too. However, that does not mean they can’t be helped. Addiction is curable and we must not give up on the person who is addicted, rather help them out for a better life.

Cost of Addiction

Addiction comes at a great cost and we need to be able to recognize its harmful consequences to not let ourselves or anyone become an addict. Firstly, addiction has major health hazards. Intake of anything is bad for our body , and it does not matter what type of addiction it is, it will always impact the mental and physical health of a person.

For instance, if you are addicted to drugs or food, you will get various diseases and illnesses. Similarly, if you are addicted to video games, your mental health will also suffer along with physical health.

Moreover, people who are addicts usually face monetary issues. As they use that thing in excess, they spend loads of money on it. People become obsessed with spending all their fortunes on that one thing to satisfy their addiction. Thus, all these addictions of drugs , alcohol , gambling, and more drain the finances of a person and they usually end up in debt or even worse.

Furthermore, the personal and professional relationships of addicts suffer the most. They end up doing things or making decisions that do not work in their favor. This constraint the relationships of people and they drift apart.

Moreover, it also hampers their studies or work life. When you are spending all your money and time on your addiction, naturally your concentration levels in other things will drop. However, all this is not impossible to beat. There are many ways through which one can beat their addiction.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Beat Your Addiction

It is best to work towards beating your addiction rather than getting beat by it. One can try many ways to do so. Firstly, recognize and identify that you have an addiction problem. That is the first step to getting cured. You need to take some time and understand the symptoms in order to treat them. Motivate yourself to do better.

After that, understand that the journey will be long but worthwhile. Identify the triggers in your life and try to stay away from them as far as possible. There is no shame in asking for professional help. Always remember that professionals can always help you get better. Enroll yourself in rehabilitation programs and try to make the most out of them.

Most importantly, do not be hesitant in talking to your loved ones. Approach them and talk it out as they care most about you. They will surely help you get on the right path and help you in beating addiction for better health and life.

Q.1 What are the consequences of addiction?

A.1 Addiction has very severe consequences. Some of them are health hazards, monetary issues, relationship problems, adverse problems on studies and work of a person. It seriously hampers the quality of life of a person.

Q.2 How can one get rid of addiction?

A.2 A little help can go a long way. One can get rid of addiction by enrolling in rehabilitation programs and opening up about their struggle. Try to take professional help and talk with your close ones to become better.

Customize your course in 30 seconds

Which class are you in.

• Travelling Essay
• Picnic Essay
• Our Country Essay
• My Parents Essay
• Essay on Favourite Personality
• Essay on Memorable Day of My Life
• Essay on Knowledge is Power
• Essay on Gurpurab
• Essay on My Favourite Season
• Essay on Types of Sports

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Download the App

NY, LI need more overdose prevention centers

Naloxone, a lifesaving medication that reverses opioid overdoses, is carried at all overdose prevention centers. Credit: AP/Keith Srakocic

Every 90 minutes, a New Yorker dies from a preventable drug overdose. Long Island, too, has been ravaged; Nassau and Suffolk counties have two of the 10 highest overdose death rates in New York State. Drug overdoses have become the leading cause of death for New Yorkers under 50, with mortality rates skyrocketing over the past decade — from 8 to 30 deaths per 100,000 people. As the crisis escalates, we must turn to proven solutions: overdose prevention centers, or OPCs.

In the U.S., the first two legally sanctioned OPCs opened in 2021 in East Harlem and Washington Heights, under the nonprofit OnPoint. They reversed 1,300 overdoses in their first year. Three years later, these two centers remain the only OPCs in New York. None have been proposed on Long Island despite the need.

Overdose prevention centers provide a safe space for people struggling with addiction. They can use drugs in a supervised and hygienic environment, access health and social services, find supportive community, and make progress toward recovery. We understand there is often significant community resistance to these centers, but decades of research on OPCs in more than 50 countries has affirmed their efficacy — not only do they reduce overdose deaths, they also reduce disease transmission, public drug use, syringe litter, and drug-related crime, while expanding access to treatment. Naloxone, a lifesaving medication that reverses opioid overdoses and is carried at all OPCs, keeps participants safe and gives them another chance to enter treatment. Not a single person has died at a center, numerous studies have found.

Overdoses consistently rank in the top 15 causes for emergency room admissions. As medical students, we’ve witnessed firsthand the inadequacies of our emergency medical infrastructure in addressing substance use disorders. Our ERs are flooded. We’ve seen patients waiting up to eight hours — and the same patients returning to the ER weeks later because they were discharged to the same conditions that led to their initial overdose with no follow-up care. OPCs provide more comprehensive support and reduce ER strain; OPCs have been shown to reduce ambulance calls for overdoses by up to 67%.

This guest essay reflects the views of Aidan Pillard and Mia Pattillo, medical students at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Weill Cornell Medical College in Manhattan.

Our experiences volunteering at OnPoint’s OPCs have shown us a compelling vision of what effective support for those battling addiction should involve. People find respite from the streets to shower, wash their clothes, eat a snack, and use their drugs in a safe environment. OPCs serve as gateways to physical and behavioral health services, social services, and job opportunities. The trust between staff and participants catalyzes transformations; some participants begin addiction treatment and others staff the center themselves.

From our Editorial Board, get inside the local, city and state political scenes.

By clicking Sign up, you agree to our privacy policy .

Some critics argue that OPCs increase crime and nuisance conditions in surrounding neighborhoods. But data from the two existing OPCs paints a different picture: Rates of theft, low-level drug enforcement, and police narcotics activity have all decreased. Moreover, staff engage actively with the community and solicit feedback from neighbors.

Another misconception is that OPCs condone drug use. This argument echoes past objections to harm reduction measures, such as syringe service programs introduced amid the HIV/AIDS epidemic or condom distribution on college campuses — both of which are now highly successful and widely adopted. Providing safe spaces for drug use does not serve to promote it; instead, it minimizes risk.

OPCs treat clients with dignity, save lives, and advance public health and safety. New York must expand OPCs on Long Island and elsewhere and lead the country in combating the overdose crisis.

This guest essay reflects the views of Aidan Pillard and Mia Pattillo, medical students at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Weill Cornell Medical College in Manhattan.

SALE ENDS SOON | CANCEL ANYTIME

• Contributors
• Mission and Values
• Submissions
• The Regulatory Review In Depth

Why We Need To Talk About Psychedelic Dispensaries

Victoria litman.

Dispensaries could fill the regulatory void for psychedelics and promote public health.

Several psychedelics are making their way through the regulatory process created by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for new drugs. In the FDA model, psychedelics are unlikely to be prescribed for consumption at home. Rather, patients will likely access psychedelics as part of a therapeutic protocol and consume the medicine under the guidance of medical professionals. One of the goals of this model—called psychedelic assisted psychotherapy—is to create a safe environment for psychedelic use. States that have legalized access to psychedelics have mostly taken the same approach.

In this essay, I argue that regulated psychedelic dispensaries should also be part of the conversation. Creating an on-site consumption model is not an effective form of harm reduction when it is not widely accessible and therefore not widely adopted. Cultural attitudes toward psychedelics are evolving due to promising research about their potential as mental health treatments. Without legal access to match the growing demand for these substances, consumers seek access through an unregulated underground market and may expose themselves to harm. Dispensaries offer a potential solution to this problem.

This problem has increased in salience as psychedelic advocacy and cultural acceptance has gained momentum across the country over the last five years. There has been ongoing tension between efforts to decriminalize possession and cultivation of psychedelics and efforts to regulate psychedelics. Decriminalization efforts have made enforcement of state drug laws criminalizing psychedelics the lowest level law enforcement priority in dozens of cities. These local resolutions and ordinances are more appropriately called deprioritization because local efforts cannot change state criminal law.

In the two states that have legalized access to psychedelics through ballot initiatives, efforts to regulate have mostly won out. In Oregon, ballot Measure 109 passed in 2020, giving the Oregon Health Authority the power to regulate psilocybin services, an exclusively on-site consumption model sometimes also called supported adult-use . In contrast, Colorado’s Natural Medicine Health Act , which passed in 2022, has both a regulated on-site consumption model and a decriminalization of personal possession and social sharing model. Under the law, Coloradans may eventually be able to access four substances—psilocybin, dimethyltryptamine, ibogaine, and mescaline—at state regulated healing centers guided by state licensed facilitators. Shortly after the law passed, Coloradans gained the right to cultivate for personal possession and socially share these substances for noncommercial purposes. The law also allows individuals to be paid for providing therapeutic, harm reduction, or other support services related to the sharing or donating of psychedelic substances.

Unlike cannabis, where consumers and patients buy a regulated product from dispensaries that must be used off-site, state regulated psychedelic proposals mirror FDA’s approach by regulating centers where individuals may only access psychedelics on site. Despite the decriminalization of possession, the Colorado law does not create a way for residents to purchase regulated psychedelics for use at home. In fact, requiring on-site consumption of legal psychedelics has impeded access considerably by producing long waitlists and increasing the cost of psychedelics. Due to the extended length of time of many psychedelic experiences, the thousands of dollars it can cost per session can be mostly attributed to compensating the facilitators.

Individuals who experience mental illness and are searching for relief and hearing about the potential of psychedelic therapy may also fall prey to untrustworthy or, worse, abusive guides. The threat of abuse in psychedelic therapy, particularly sexual abuse, is also prevalent in medicalized settings. The observed increase in suggestibility—that is, the increased potential for an individual to be highly influenced when using psychedelics—only adds to the potential for abuse when access to a substance is tied to a specific therapeutic relationship. When abuse happens in situations where illicit psychedelics are present, there is no potential for oversight or recourse for victims who are afraid of admitting to illegal activity.

Creating dispensaries would address these pressing issues and further the states’ interest in promoting public health by allowing interested consumers to access safely the substances they want. In addition, creating a legal access point for psychedelics would remove a barrier for victims of abuse to report since the substance would be accessed legally. Dispensaries could also create an additional potential revenue source from activity that is already occurring. This additional revenue could help to fund psychedelic regulation and address the issue of funding, which has already come up in Oregon.

But this proposal is not without challenges. As long as psychedelics remain illegal at the federal level, even if certain formulations are rescheduled with FDA approval, limitations on taxes and banking will continue to frustrate the success of state regulated psychedelic access models. There is also no official federal policy of nonenforcement, as exists in the case of medical cannabis.

“Set and setting,” a term commonly used in the psychedelic ecosystem to describe the impact on the patient’s psychedelic experience of both the setting where the medicine is consumed and the mindset of the patient, also poses questions for the dispensary model. If we create psychedelic dispensaries, it may become more difficult to ensure that individuals will use these substances safely. But analyses of psychedelic policy should acknowledge that people are already using these substances. Criminalizing or limiting access to these substances does not mean that people will not use them, it just makes the use less safe.

In addition to decriminalizing drugs, it is important to develop pathways for safe supply. Even if there are negative health benefits associated with the use of certain drugs, it is safer for those drugs to be regulated. Our society has accepted this when it comes to tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis. It is time to do the same with psychedelics. While we are at it, maybe we should consider creating pathways for safe supply of all drugs ?

Victoria Litman is an adjunct professor of law at Roger Williams University School of Law .

This essay is part of a six-part series entitled,  Global Perspectives on Psychedelics Regulation .

Related Essays

A Roadmap to Reimbursement for Psychedelics

Insurance reimbursement for psychedelic therapy is integral to treatment accessibility.

Branching Regulatory Paths and Dead Ends in Psychedelics

The convergence of current psychedelics regulatory pathways may bring benefits and new challenges.

Administrative Law Essay Competition Winners

Two essays by the student winners of a Penn Carey Law essay competition describe important regulatory issues.

Home — Essay Samples — Nursing & Health — Substance Abuse — Drug Abuse In America Essay

Drug Abuse in America Essay

• Categories: Substance Abuse

About this sample

Words: 657 |

Published: Mar 5, 2024

Words: 657 | Page: 1 | 4 min read

Cite this Essay

Let us write you an essay from scratch

• 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help
• Custom essay delivered in as few as 3 hours

Get high-quality help

Dr Jacklynne

Verified writer

• Expert in: Nursing & Health

+ 120 experts online

By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email

No need to pay just yet!

Related Essays

2 pages / 1000 words

3 pages / 1325 words

4 pages / 1776 words

6 pages / 2929 words

Remember! This is just a sample.

You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers.

121 writers online

Still can’t find what you need?

Browse our vast selection of original essay samples, each expertly formatted and styled

Related Essays on Substance Abuse

Substance abuse continues to be a pressing global issue, with far-reaching consequences for individuals, families, communities, economies, and public health systems. This essay delves into the multifaceted impact of substance [...]

Substance abuse is a major public health issue that affects millions of people worldwide. It refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs. Substance abuse can have [...]

The issue of substance abuse presents a pervasive and multifaceted challenge, impacting individuals, families, and communities globally. Its consequences extend far beyond individual suffering, posing significant threats to [...]

Millions of individuals are affected by the devastating consequences of substance abuse, making it a significant public health concern worldwide. As societies strive to address this issue, innovations in technology have emerged [...]

The Beatles’ were no doubt the most influential British band in the 1960’s, with their music bringing and becoming a revolution to the face of rock and roll. Their use of drugs through their music changed the way and the [...]

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a counseling technique which assists the interviewee in identifying the internal motivation to change the client’s behavior by resolving ambivalence and insecurities. The term holds similar [...]

Related Topics

By clicking “Send”, you agree to our Terms of service and Privacy statement . We will occasionally send you account related emails.

Where do you want us to send this sample?

By clicking “Continue”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy.

Be careful. This essay is not unique

This essay was donated by a student and is likely to have been used and submitted before

Download this Sample

Free samples may contain mistakes and not unique parts

Sorry, we could not paraphrase this essay. Our professional writers can rewrite it and get you a unique paper.

Please check your inbox.

We can write you a custom essay that will follow your exact instructions and meet the deadlines. Let's fix your grades together!

Get Your Personalized Essay in 3 Hours or Less!

We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .

• Instructions Followed To The Letter
• Deadlines Met At Every Stage
• Unique And Plagiarism Free

Consequences of Drug Abuse

Benefits of using drugs, drawbacks of drug use.

Currently, people around the globe have access to a wider range of substances than ever was available to the mankind. While some substances are prescribed by healthcare practitioners to relieve pain or combat virus, others are purchased illegally for recreational purposes. The endless stream of drugs, obtainable to the individuals with little or no restrictions, poses a serious inquiry. The question is as follows – is drug use a curse or a blessing of the twenty-first century?

Attributable to environmental, social, and cultural factors, research behind drug use fails to explain why some people tend to abuse substances while others can control themselves when it comes to developing addictions. Essentially, addiction does not develop overnight rather being a consequence of using drugs with habit-forming characteristics. Therefore, there is no absolute answer to the everlasting dilemma of using drugs, and two sides need to be evaluated separately.

When assessing the advantages of using pharmaceutical drugs, it is essential to consider the severity of health conditions existing. Advanced pharmaceutical drugs allow to decrease or completely eliminate the suffering of people, minimizing their physical pain (Earp et al. 136). Apart from serving as painkillers, medical substances frequently prevent individuals from getting diseases. Vaccines, immune modulating drugs, and vitamin supplements constitute only a small portion of such substances. For example, cases of smallpox were almost annihilated with the introduction of Fleming’s vaccination in 1800. Similarly to polio, a life-threatening illness leading to permanent paralysis, which was eradicated with the help of vaccines.

Medical drugs also allow people with incurable diseases to live longer and more comfortably. With the use of daily treatments, patients with diabetes, HIV, and depression substantially improve their quality of life, reducing symptoms and pain associated with them (Earp et al. 146). Antibiotics are vital for the treatment of bacterial infections, while marijuana is effective for cancer patients. Consequently, the aforementioned advantages of using drugs advocate for the positive side of the discussion.

At its core, drug use is not harmful to people, bringing a variety of benefits to patients suffering from severe diseases. Yet, the problem arises when individuals start confusing drug use with abuse. A clear line should be drawn between consuming prescribed medical substances to treat a health condition and taking drugs without medical assistance (Earp et al. 136). The three major clusters of the issue should be addressed:

• recreational drugs;
• prescription drugs;
• unethical healthcare treatment.

First, abuse of recreational drugs is prevalent among common people due to the availability and accessibility of the so-called street substances. Reasons why individuals decide to take drugs vary depending on their ultimate goal. For instance, heroin and cocaine lead to euphorical feelings; LSD causes hallucinations; Marijuana relaxes and induces good mood. Abuse of recreational drugs is likely to result in loss of employment, crime, divorce, lower performance at school, and other consequences discussed later (Earp et al. 137). Second, Abuse of prescription drugs occurs when patients decide to present misleading information to the doctors in order to obtain necessary drugs.

One of the most commonly abused prescribed substance is marijuana. As people are seeking to use medical characteristics of cannabis to induce mood without the corresponding health condition, the addiction appears quick to develop (Earp et al. 147). Third, unethical healthcare practices constitute another cluster of drug abuse. When doctors refuse to seek causes for the real diagnosis of the person and prescribe a painkiller to ease the symptoms, patients are likely to grow the addiction to the substance consumed.

All the aforementioned constituents of drug abuse may have similar negative effects on the individual’s wellness. People facing drug abuse are more likely to engage in delinquency and commit crimes than those refusing to take substances (Earp et al. 141). While there is no proven causal relationship between drug addiction and felony, the established positive correlation suggests that individuals abusing drugs often fall under the influence of negative peer groups (Earp et al. 142).

Such adverse impact of the peers is the primary reason for higher crime rates among the addicts. With the loss of judgement and independence, addicts can find it difficult to combat stress, irritability, and anxiety, searching for alternative sources to restore the lost feeling of control over one’s life. In this case, violence and behavioral misconduct appear as accessible options.

Drug addiction oftentimes results in distorted social interaction with friends, colleagues, and family members. There is an observed tendency for drug users to distant themselves from their significant others which leads to psychological, financial, and emotional crisis of the social units (Earp et al. 138). Substance abuse impairs judgment and decreases decision-making ability, contributing to the feelings of hostility and aggression (Earp et al. 139).

Furthermore, drug abusers may alienate themselves from peers, disengaging from the usual community events. Other psychosocial dysfunctions prevalent among drug addicts include but are not limited to apathy, withdrawal, and depression, proving that people who abuse substances are more susceptible to mental problems (Earp et al. 140). In this case, mental impairments range from personality disorders to learning disabilities, as individuals struggle to maintain healthy psychomotor skills and memory capacity.

Apart from distorted social interaction, drug addiction is closely associated with the decline in the academic or professional performance. One explanation behind such finding is that drug abusers are subject to absenting from work-related activities. Another reason is cognitive and behavioral problems induced by alcohol and drug addiction that interfere with the academic performance (Earp et al. 142).

For example, drug abuse has harmful effects on the patient’s perception skills, concentration, and motor function that is one of the reasons why driving under the influence of substances is so dangerous. Behavioral problems associated with drug addiction are closely linked to the lack of judgment and controlled impulse among the substance abusers (Earp et al. 142). Adverse behavioral patterns vary from sharing used needless to engaging into non-consensual sexual activities with a high risk of getting STD.

It is evident that drugs are strongly beneficial for people suffering from severe illnesses. Minimizing pains, decreasing the risk of obtaining contagious disease, and treating existing conditions are few of the advantages of medical substances. Yet, the issue arises as drugs in harmful doses remain highly accessible for common people to purchase. Damaging to health, substances can also have negative consequences on the person’s social interactions, resulting in job losses, imprisonment, and toxic relationships. When making an informed decision to consume drugs, an individual should be able to find a balance between medical drugs that save lives and abused substances that substantially decrease life quality.

Earp, Brian D., et al. “Addiction, Identity, Morality.” AJOB Empirical Bioethics , vol. 10, no. 2, 2019, pp. 136–153. Web.

• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2023, November 20). Consequences of Drug Abuse. https://ivypanda.com/essays/consequences-of-drug-abuse/

"Consequences of Drug Abuse." IvyPanda , 20 Nov. 2023, ivypanda.com/essays/consequences-of-drug-abuse/.

IvyPanda . (2023) 'Consequences of Drug Abuse'. 20 November.

IvyPanda . 2023. "Consequences of Drug Abuse." November 20, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/consequences-of-drug-abuse/.

1. IvyPanda . "Consequences of Drug Abuse." November 20, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/consequences-of-drug-abuse/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Consequences of Drug Abuse." November 20, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/consequences-of-drug-abuse/.

• Substance Abuse: Media Representation of Drug Abusers
• Decriminalization of Marijuana
• Substance Abusers' Clinical Treatment
• Legalization of Marijuana: Arguments For and Against
• Children of Alcoholics and Substance Abusers
• Heroin and Marijuana Abuse and Treatment
• Recreational Drugs Use and Legalization
• Does Legalizing Marijuana Help or Harm the United States?
• Substance Abusers – Opioids
• Child Abusers Should Be Held for Life
• Alcoholism as a Disease
• Needle Exchange Programs in the US: Benefit or Harm?
• The Role of Cocaine in the Death of Len Bias
• Anxiety Among Us: How and Why, Drug Addiction
• Addiction Treatment: Challenges in Case Management Settings