what are the 5 parts of application letter

The 5 Parts of a Cover Letter for Your Job Application

When looking for a job, you probably think only submitting a resume will suffice. While that may be true, having a cover letter submitted along with the resume can also impact your chances of being hired.

Crafting the perfect resume is taught to everyone before they're sent out to the world. However, not everyone knows how to write a cover letter. Before you start drafting one, you'll need to know the parts of a cover letter. You need to consider the position you're applying for, relevant qualifications to improve, and valuable skills.

Writing a Cover Letter

Proper structuring is important when it comes to your cover letter parts. A good cover letter provides benefits compared to just sending a resume. Among other things, it helps you stand out, especially in a job opening with many applicants.

The primary purpose of having a cover letter is to engage employers when they review your application. Succeeding in this can help give you an interview and maybe even an offer. It also shows information they may not find on your resume, like your motivation.

Parts of a Cover Letter

A cover letter is a one-page document submitted along with your resume. Since all companies are different, it's important to tailor your cover letter to ensure it aligns with your job's values.

For each position, you'll need to tailor the letter in a way that helps you stand out to employers. These include regularly modifying the following depending on the job description:

The salutation part of your cover letter is your greeting. Doing this makes the letter seem much more personal since you're addressing a specific person. That means you're better off writing a “Mr.” or “Ms.” Instead of a “To whom it may concern.” To make this part more effective, you'll have to do some research to understand who will be reviewing your resume.

Opening line

The opening line sets the tone for any cover letter. It has the potential to make the entire document more memorable. Examples of strong opening lines can include jokes and puns. You can also open a cover letter with strong emotions, like passion or enthusiasm.

The story is the biggest part of your cover letter. This part is your unique selling point, covering your skills, qualifications, and what you can bring to the table if you're hired. Here, you write the details of what makes you stand out compared to others. It's nearly impossible to have a similar career journey with someone else.

Closing line

Once you finish the letter's main body, a closing line allows you to end the letter gracefully and professionally. It's also here where you can express gratitude and thank the employer for their time. A good closing line summarizes your letter, meaning you should also remind the employer why you make the perfect fit for the role.

You can find the signature at the very bottom of the cover letter. It has your name, signature, and sign-offs like “Sincerely” or “Regards.” It's perhaps the least important to include out of the five, but it's a good closer. Contact information is unnecessary here since they can already find it on your resume.

A Letter That's Got You Covered!

Cover letters are a great way to add value to your application. Drafting one also highlights your motivations and expectations for the role. It tells employers that you're a candidate they should consider because you have the qualifications and skills to fulfill the role.

A good cover letter is nothing without any prospects. With over 51,000 job openings available, Career.com can help you land your dream job today!

Supercharge Your Job Search

Select a career advice topic, other articles about resumes, cover letters, thank yous.

4 Must-Know Resume Statistics for Your Job Hunting

5 Benefits of An Applicant Tracking System You Should Know

5 Reasons Why You Have to Send a Post-interview Thank You Letter

5 Ways How to Write Your Resume Experience Section

• Get the Job
• Resumes and CVs
• Applications
• Cover Letters
• Professional References

Professional Licenses and Exams

• Get a Promotion
• Negotiation
• Professional Ethics
• Professionalism
• Dealing with Coworkers
• Dealing with Bosses

Communication Skills

Managing the office, disabilities, harassment and discrimination, unemployment.

• Career Paths
• Compare Careers
• Switching Careers
• Training and Certifications
• Start a Company
• Internships and Apprenticeships
• Entry Level Jobs
• College Degrees

Growth Trends for Related Jobs

What are the parts of an application letter.

Whenever you apply for a job, you’re typically directed to submit a resume and a letter of application, also known as a cover letter . If you dread writing cover letters, you aren’t alone – many people would rather avoid them altogether. They are an important part of the job search process, though, and the better your letter, the better your chances of getting the job.

If you break down the application letter into several parts, though, it is a lot less intimidating. The most important thing to remember is that the cover letter isn’t about you and what you want. It’s a letter of introduction, in which you give the employer a taste of what you are capable of and what you can do for their company. Tailor the parts of the application letter – greeting, opening, body, company knowledge and closing section – to the individual position you’re applying for, and you’ll be successful in getting calls for interviews and, ultimately, a great job.

The Greeting

Every application letter needs a greeting. How you open your letter indicates not only your level of professionalism, but also how much effort you put into researching the company and position. Therefore, a generic “To Whom It May Concern” or “Dear Sir/Madam” is likely to get your letter tossed in the trash before it’s even read.

Sometimes, you will get lucky, and you’ll have a name. Rarely does a specific name appear in a job advertisement, but it can happen. If you are sending the letter to a personal contact, or you’ve already made contact with the recipient, great. Just make sure you spell his or her name correctly, and stick with “Ms.” instead of Miss or Mrs. If you have a good relationship with the person already, you can safely use only their first name, but otherwise, be formal and professional and stick with “Dear Mr. Smith ... ,” etc.

If you don’t have a specific name, then you will have to do some research. Google and social media are your friends; many companies have corporate directories online where you can find a relevant name. Other companies deliberately make it more difficult to find individual employee names and contact information in order to protect the privacy and security of their workers. You can try calling the human resources office and asking for a name, but if all else fails, you will have to use a more generic greeting.

In this case, your best bet is to tailor the greeting to the job; for example, you might write, “Dear Senior Account Executive Hiring Manager.” By doing so, you’re indicating that you are applying for a specific job and that your letter was written for this specific person. Again, avoid bland greetings that could apply to anyone, and focus on showing your interest in this specific job.

The Opening

You’ve probably heard the statistics about how recruiters only spend a few seconds reviewing applications. Knowing that the reader is likely to make a decision about whether to schedule an interview after only skimming a few lines of your letter, it’s important to make the opening paragraph compelling enough to spur the person to read on.

The first paragraph of your application letter should be just a few lines that tell the hiring manager why you are writing, highlight an accomplishment and show your enthusiasm for the position. It should be direct and to the point; don’t waste time going on and on about how you heard about the position or how you think you are perfect for the job. Employers aren’t really interested in what you think about your qualifications. Rather, they want specific details showing that you have the skills that they need.

For example, your opening paragraph might read something like, “As a sales professional with eight years of experience in the technology field, I am interested in your Senior Account Executive opening. I have consistently met and exceeded my sales goals, increasing overall profits in my region by 15 percent. I would love the opportunity to meet with you and discuss what I could do for your company.” If you learned about the position via a mutual contact, you could add in a line like, “Jane Smith suggested that I get in touch with you regarding this position, as she thinks my skills would be valuable to your company.”

Remember that the goal of your application letter is to get an interview, and that employers are interested in what you can do for them. Don’t open your letter by discussing how you are looking for a new challenge or that you believe or think that you are perfect for the job. Employers aren’t concerned about giving you a challenge or being a rung on your career ladder, so focus on how you can benefit them.

Once you’ve grabbed the hiring manager’s attention, it’s time to get into the specifics. Because you are sending this letter with a resume, don’t waste space rehashing everything contained in that document. Instead, the body of an application letter should read like a highlight reel. What are your most impressive accomplishments? Choose those that are most relevant to the position you’re applying for, and connect the dots for the reader. Show how you can bring value to the company, and that you have the skills and experience that they need.

After briefly summarizing your experience in a few sentences, highlight your experience via short bullet points, ideally containing quantifiable achievements. In other words, don’t just say that you increased customer satisfaction – prove it, and show how much. Use numbers, performance metrics, or quotes and comments from customers or your co-workers to support your claims. If possible, incorporate keywords from the job description to make it clear to the reader how your experience relates to the specific position. For example, you could write:

“Implemented a new procedure for processing applications that increased productivity by 20 percent and reduced customer wait times by 30 percent.”

Or, “Developed a business strategy that reduced excess inventory and save the company $100,000.”

If you have quotes from former colleagues, bosses or customers that give you a glowing review, don’t be afraid to use them. But don’t go overboard – one or two is plenty.

Above all, your cover letter should reveal your personality, and show not only that you’re qualified for the position, but that you are interested in it and enthusiastic about working for the company. Entrepreneur Seth Porges, in Forbes, advised job seekers to spend some time doing some research on industry trends or history to add some flair to the application letter. For example, you might write about a recent technological innovation and how you’re excited to be a part of how it’s changing the world, or talk about how your industry has changed since you first started in it. The idea is to show the recruiter that you care, that you know the industry and that you’re curious and willing to stay up-to-date.

Highlight Your Knowledge of the Company

Once you’ve highlighted your experience and demonstrated your enthusiasm for the industry and the job, it’s worth devoting a few lines to show that you have done your homework and researched the company. If something interesting happened within the company recently, such as a new product launch or acquisition, mention it and how you’re excited to bring your skills to the company to help during this transition. If that’s not possible, research the company website to uncover the corporate mission and vision, or review its annual reports to find out the goals and major projects taking place. Relate your experience back to what you find, and your letter will stand out.

The Closing

Your final paragraph should summarize your skills (in one line) and focus on the next steps. Don’t ramble or repeat what you have already said, just succinctly state your case and ask for an interview. Although you may have been advised to tell the recipient that you’ll call to follow up at a specific time, that’s not advisable. For starters, it’s easy for the hiring manager to avoid your call. But more important, such a line can come across as pushy or arrogant, even if you think it shows that you take initiative. Instead, note that you would welcome the opportunity to meet with the recruiter to discuss your experience and potential contributions in more detail, and that you look forward to hearing from him or her. That way, you still include a call to action, but leave the control in the reader’s hands.

Special Circumstances

There are times when writing an application letter isn’t always so straightforward. For instance, if you are a student or recent graduate, you most likely don’t have a well of experience to draw from, and therefore have to get a little more creative in how you highlight your experience. Mention achievements from your summer jobs or internships, or point out coursework you completed that provides you with relevant knowledge.

Writing a cover letter can also be challenging if you have a resume gap or you are unemployed, whether it was due to a termination or by choice (such as you took time off to raise a family.) Employers are going to notice the gap, so you shouldn’t avoid it, but don’t make it the focus of your letter either. If you lost your most recent job, you might address it by focusing on what you’ve done since leaving, such as taking courses or working part-time. If you left for personal reasons, you might say something like, “Although I’m returning from a time away from the field to manage personal obligations, I have nearly two decades of experience in finance.” The idea is to address the gap, while still putting the focus on what you bring to the table.

However, be careful and selective about how much you share. Keep in mind, for example, that employers are prohibited from asking candidates about their marital status or if they have children. Sharing information about your family could inadvertently cause discrimination against you. By the same token, if you took time off from work and overcame a significant challenge, highlighting what you did and the lengths you went to to bounce back might show your strength, perseverance and determination, and impress an employer. Use your best judgment.

Don’t Forget the Basics

Your cover letter may be exceptional content-wise, but if it’s riddled with typos and grammatical errors, it’s going to land in the circular file. Put the same level of care and attention into your application letter that you do with your resume. Carefully proofread, and have someone else look it over as well to catch anything you missed. Make sure your contact information at the top of the page is correct, and don’t forget to sign the letter. It might take a little more time, but taking care of these details can make the difference between getting the job and more time pounding the pavement.

Related Articles

How to write a cover letter for a job →.

How to Write Application Letters →

How to write employment prospecting letters →.

How to Write Job Application Letters →

How to Write a Cover Letter to a Company That Does Not Have a Job Opening →

How to Write a Letter to Explaining Why You Want a Job →

• How to Write a Cover Letter
• Forbes: 6 Secrets To Writing A Great Cover Letter
• Business Insider: 5 Common Mistakes That Recent Grads Make When Applying For Jobs
• Monster: Unemployed? Put Your Cover letter to Work

An adjunct instructor at Central Maine Community College, Kristen Hamlin is also a freelance writer and editor, specializing in careers, business, education, and lifestyle topics. The author of Graduate! Everything You Need to Succeed After College (Capital Books), which covers everything from career and financial advice to furnishing your first apartment, her work has also appeared in Young Money, Lewiston Auburn Magazine, USA Today, and a variety of online outlets. She's also been quoted as a career expert in many newspapers and magazines, including Cosmopolitan and Parade. She has a B.A. in Communication from Stonehill College, and a Master of Liberal Studies in Creative Writing from the University of Denver.

ijeab/iStock/GettyImages

• Job Descriptions
• Law Enforcement Job Descriptions
• Administrative Job Descriptions
• Healthcare Job Descriptions
• Sales Job Descriptions
• Fashion Job Descriptions
• Education Job Descriptions
• Salary Insights
• Journalism Salaries
• Healthcare Salaries
• Military Salaries
• Engineering Salaries
• Teaching Salaries
• Accessibility
• Privacy Notice
• Cookie Notice
• Copyright Policy
• Contact Us
• Find a Job
• Manage Preferences
• California Notice of Collection
• Terms of Use

5 Parts Of A Cover Letter (AKA How To Write A Good One!)

Every resume should be accompanied by the five parts of a cover letter . In this article, I am going to demonstrate the mechanics of a well written cover letter. I hope this provides some knowledge about the parts of a cover letter, and enables you to generate interest from a hiring manager.

How do you structure a cover letter?

A great cover letter has five parts: the salutation, the opening, the hook, the paragraph of knowledge, and the close.

1. The Salutation (The Hello)

Before writing your cover letter, you should research the company you're applying to. This includes finding the name of the hiring manager who will be reading your resume and cover letter. Get a name, any name. By hook or by crook try to get a name. Sometimes you can't—then try Dear hiring manager .

2. The Opening (The Grab)

The opening paragraph of your cover letter is your introduction and presents the reader with some immediate and focused information about your connection to the company. Don't just reiterate what you say in your resume. Explain what you admire about the company you're applying to. Essentially, you need to tell a story about why you want to work for them. It should "grab" the hiring manager and disrupt them in some way (hence a disruptive cover letter ).

3. The Second Paragraph (The Hook)

This paragraph should define some examples of the work performed and the results achieved. It should be connected to your resume. This does not mean you should copy verbatim what is in the resume. Rather, cover some key competencies that you feel define your success. Provide the hiring manager with some added context about your unique background, blending those facts with language from the job description. Set the stage for how you are qualified for the role you are applying to. But, don't overdo it.

In the event you are highlighting some information not contained in the resume (if you are switching careers, or have a unique value proposition), this is the perfect place to cover that information.

4. The Third Paragraph (Paragraph Of Knowledge)

Next, demonstrate something you know about the company (its goals, recent achievements, etc.) that prompted you to write. Then, select a couple of examples from your resume that you believe will impress recruiters and hiring managers . Reword these achievements and frame them in a way that shows the employers what you can do for them. This shows the reader that you did some preliminary homework and understand the company's drivers and goals.

Try to include quantifiable examples wherever possible since numbers usually resonate more than words.

5. The Fourth Paragraph (The Close)

In the closing paragraph, quickly summarize what you offer, ask for the interview , and close by thanking the hiring manager for taking the time to read your cover letter.

It's important to help the reader connect the dots to show them why you are a great job candidate, a business-of-one who can provide a service they need with a personal connection to the company that is invaluable.

That's it!

What should not be included in a cover letter?

Your cover letter should not include:

• A boring opening line
• Long paragraphs
• A recap of your resume
• Irrelevant information
• A boring closing statement

Need more help with your job search ?

​ Join our community to learn how to UNLEASH your true potential to get what you want from work!

This article was originally published at an earlier date.

• 4 Steps To Writing A Disruptive Cover Letter ›
• #1 Thing You MUST Say In Your Cover Letter ›
• 3 Tips On What NOT To Do In Your Cover Letter ›
• 7 Cover Letter Mistakes You Make When Applying Via Email ›
• The 10 Key Components Of A Great Resume ›
• 4 Reasons Why Writing A Cover Letter DOESN'T Have To Be Difficult ›
• How To Write A Cover Letter That Stands Out To Recruiters - Work It Daily | Where Careers Go To Grow ›
• 7 Easy Tips For Writing A Stand-Out Cover Letter - Work It Daily | Where Careers Go To Grow ›
• When Should You Use 'Dear Hiring Team' On Your Cover Letter? - Work It Daily ›
• Parts of a Cover Letter & How to Structure its Components ›
• 7 Key Components of an Effective Cover Letter | Indeed.com ›
• What To Include In A Cover Letter (With Examples) – Zippia ›

3 Spooky Secrets Every Job Seeker Should Know

The leaves are changing, the kids are back in school, and that familiar chill is in the air. You think it's the perfect time to look for a job, and it is! But are your job search fears preventing you from making that leap?

It's not uncommon to feel lost when embarking on your job search journey. After all, school teaches us everything except how to get a job. What should you put on your resume? What questions should you ask in an interview? How can you stand out in the hiring process when there's so much competition?

Are you feeling spooked yet?

Believe it or not, there's no need to be afraid of the job search process! You can land your dream job with the right tools and strategy. You can find a job that won't give you nightmares. Here are three spooky secrets every job seeker should know as they look for a job this fall.

1. An Effective Job Search Starts With An Interview Bucket List

Despite your fears, you've decided to take the plunge and look for a new job . You might be asking yourself, "Where do I start?" The answer is simple: start by creating an interview bucket list.

An interview bucket list is a list of 10-20 companies you'd love to work for. Are you passionate about a company's products or services? Do you feel connected to its mission? Can you relate to its values and beliefs as an organization? If you answer "yes" to any of these questions, that company probably belongs on your interview bucket list.

Once you create an interview bucket list, you'll be able to conduct a targeted job search , one with direction and a foundation upon which everything else will be built. An interview bucket list helps you focus your job search and networking strategies on the right opportunities, making it easier to get your foot in the door at one of your dream companies.

2. Your Job Application Needs To Disrupt Hiring Managers

In order to stand out in the hiring process, you need to disrupt recruiters and hiring managers . You accomplish this by doing two things: optimizing your resume and writing a disruptive cover letter .

A well-optimized resume includes keywords from the job description. This ensures your resume gets past the ATS and into the hands of the hiring manager. Once it's in front of the hiring manager, it needs to grab and keep their attention. Quantifying your work experience —adding numbers to your bullet points—will make you stand out from other applicants. Hiring managers will want to know more about you and your accomplishments, and that's how you land a phone interview .

Before that, though, a hiring manager will read your cover letter . To disrupt them, you need to write a disruptive cover letter (obviously!). A disruptive cover letter gives you the opportunity to tell a story about why you feel connected to the company you're applying for. It's that storytelling aspect that will stand out to hiring managers and compel them to pick up the phone and give you a call.

3. Employers Hire You Based On 3 Things

You can't get hired unless you know what employers are assessing you on in the interview process. While your skills and expertise matter, companies actually hire for three things: personality, aptitude, and experience (in that order).

Most job seekers don't realize how important it is to demonstrate their personality, aptitude, and experience in an interview. You could have the right experience for a job, but if the hiring manager doesn't think your personality is a good fit for the company culture, you probably won't get a job offer .

Make sure you demonstrate your soft skills and learn how to answer behavioral interview questions to prove you're the best candidate for the job you're applying for, not just the most qualified.

Want To Learn More Job Search Secrets?

As you look for a job this fall, it might be helpful to know some more spooky secrets so you can get over your job search fears and finally take control of your career.

We know the job search process can be scary. However, it's important to get clear on what you want to do next and focus on conducting a strategic job search, or what we refer to at Work It DAILY as job shopping. This is the only way to effectively market yourself to employers. If they can't see exactly where and how you add value, then that's going to decrease your chances of landing the job.

The competition is fierce, and there are a lot of factors that are out of your control. But the one factor you can control is your job search strategy, the tools and tactics you use to land a job.

If you want to learn the secrets to conducting a strategic job search, sign up for our Job Search Bootcamp , a two-hour, on-demand video workshop that comes with a free workbook.

In this video workshop, you'll learn:

• How to use backchanneling to get directly to hiring managers.
• The secret to using a connection story to stand out against the competition.
• How social media can be your secret weapon to get job interviews.
• The resume format that is getting job seekers more job interviews.
• And, a lot more hacks for job search success!

Let us show you the secrets to getting a new, better-paying job you actually love. Sign up for our Job Search Bootcamp today.

Are you ready to land the job of your dreams (and leave the job of your nightmares)?

How The Inspiration Process Works

Now hiring: remote sysops engineer, 3 important career lessons learned on and off the field, how ex-nfl player, chris gronkowski, is using social media to change careers.

How to Write an Application Letter (Sample Included!)

Whether you’re applying for a job , internship , scholarship, or volunteer position, a well-crafted application letter can help you stand out. It's your chance to introduce yourself and make a strong first impression that sets you apart from the competition.

But how do you write an application letter that’s effective? Below, we’ll explain when to use this method of introduction and give you practical tips on writing one that gets results. Plus, we've included a sample application letter and a template to help you create the perfect document for any opportunity.

Apply for the role of your dreams! One of these open jobs on The Muse could be the perfect fit »

What is an application letter?

An application letter is a document sent with your resume to provide additional information on your skills and experience. It's a crucial part of an application for work as it introduces you to potential employers and highlights your qualifications.

While some companies request it at the beginning of the application process, others might ask for it later, or not at all—but it's always a valuable addition.

Unlike a resume, which outlines your work history, a written application allows you to elaborate on your achievements and how they relate to the job you are applying for. It is a much more specific way to introduce yourself and explain why you would be a good fit for the job.

How is an application letter different from a cover letter?

Some people use the terms “application letter” and “cover letter” interchangeably, but there are subtle differences between the two.

An application letter serves as your formal introduction to a potential employer. It highlights your interest in the role, your qualifications, and why you're a good fit for the position. It's a standalone document that provides a comprehensive overview of your skills and experiences.

On the other hand, a cover letter is usually more concise than an application letter and serves as a complementary document to your resume, providing additional context to your job application. It elaborates on specific points from your resume and explains how your background aligns with the job requirements.

Also, job application letters follow a more formal structure, often resembling a traditional business letter. They include your contact information, the date, and the employer’s contact information at the top. An application letter is usually addressed to a specific individual, such as the hiring manager or recruiter. While cover letters also have a professional tone, they can be less formal in structure.

Finally, the application letter is used primarily for job applications, internship applications, scholarship applications, and volunteer positions. In contrast, the cover letter is specifically used to accompany a resume during job applications.

When do you need to send an application letter?

Application letters are typically required when applying for jobs. However, there are other scenarios where you might need one:

• Scholarship applications: When applying for scholarships, this kind of letter can help you stand out by showcasing your academic achievements and career goals .
• Volunteer positions: Some volunteer organizations require an application letter to understand your motivations and skills relevant to the position.
• Internship applications: Internships often require this document to understand your interest in the role and what you hope to gain from the experience.
• Networking purposes: Sending one when reaching out to potential mentors or industry professionals can help you establish a connection and explain your career aspirations.

7 tips on how to write a job application letter

Writing an effective application letter involves more than just summarizing your resume. Here are seven tips to write yours:

1. Research the company—at least do a quick Google search!

Before you start writing, research the company to understand its culture, values, and needs. Tailor your letter to align with the company’s mission and the job description. There is nothing better for an HR professional than feeling that you don’t just want any job; you want to work with them for specific reasons, such as X and Y.

“Address the letter to the hiring manager by name if possible,” says Mike Chappell, CEO of FormsPal , who has more than a decade of experience reviewing application letters. “This shows that you’ve done your research and are genuinely interested in the company.”

2. Use a professional format and design

Your application letter should follow a formal letter of application format. Use a standard font like Times New Roman or Arial, and keep the font size between 10 and 12 points. Include your contact information, the date, and the employer’s contact information at the top of the letter.

There are many layouts online that you can use. Find one that represents your style and complements your resume.

3. Make it engaging from the start with a strong opening

Your opening paragraph should grab the reader’s attention. Mention the position you're applying for and where you found the job listing. If you were referred by someone, include their name. Briefly introduce yourself and explain why you’re interested in the role.

4. Highlight your qualifications—what you can’t fully convey in your resume

In the body of your applicant letter, highlight your relevant skills, experiences, and achievements. “Use specific examples to showcase your accomplishments and how they relate to the job you’re applying for,” Chappell says. “ Quantifiable results can make a strong impact.”

Avoid repeating information from your resume; instead, expand on your most relevant experiences.

5. Show enthusiasm and genuine interest

Employers want to hire candidates who are enthusiastic about the role and the company. Show your excitement for the opportunity. Explain why you are specifically interested in this job and how it aligns with your career goals.

6. Keep it concise

While it’s important to provide enough detail, your application letter should be concise. Aim for one page, with three to four paragraphs. Be clear and to the point, avoiding unnecessary fluff.

7. Proofread carefully

Typos and grammatical errors can leave a negative impression on employers. Carefully proofread your letter before sending it. Consider asking another person to review it as well.

Letter of application sample

Here's a super complete example of application letter to help you get started:

August 1, 2024

Ms. Jane Doe

Hiring Manager

Innovative Solutions Inc.

456 Maple Avenue

Springfield, IL 62705

Dear Ms. Doe,

I am writing to express my interest in the Marketing Manager position at Innovative Solutions Inc., as advertised on your company’s careers page. With more than five years of experience in marketing and a proven track record of successful campaigns, I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to your team and drive impactful marketing strategies.

In my previous role as a Senior Marketing Specialist at Creative Solutions LLC, I led a team in developing and executing a comprehensive marketing strategy that resulted in a 30% increase in brand awareness and a 25% boost in lead generation. My responsibilities included overseeing digital marketing campaigns, analyzing market trends, and coordinating with cross-functional teams to ensure alignment with overall business goals. This experience has honed my skills in strategic planning, data analysis, and team leadership.

I am particularly impressed by Innovative Solutions Inc.’s commitment to leveraging cutting-edge technology to deliver innovative marketing solutions. Your recent campaign, which utilized artificial intelligence to optimize ad targeting, is a testament to your forward-thinking approach. I am eager to bring my expertise in digital marketing and campaign management to your team and contribute to similar groundbreaking projects.

My strong analytical skills, combined with my ability to lead and inspire a team, make me a great fit for this role. I am confident that my background and enthusiasm for innovative marketing strategies align well with the needs of Innovative Solutions Inc.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss how my skills and experiences can contribute to the continued success of Innovative Solutions Inc.

123 Elm Street

Springfield, IL 62704

[email protected]

(555) 123-4567

Template for an application letter

You can also use the following application format to structure your application letter for a job:

[Recipient’s name]

[Company’s name]

[Company’s address]

[City, State, ZIP Code]

Dear [Recipient’s name],

I am writing to express my interest in the [Job title] position at [Company name] as advertised on [Where you found the job listing]. With my background in [Field or industry] and a passion for [Specific aspect of the job or industry], I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to your team.

In my previous role at [Previous company], I developed [Specific skills or achievements]. I successfully [Describe a project or responsibility], which resulted in [Quantifiable result or achievement]. This experience has equipped me with [Relevant skills] that I am eager to bring to [Company name].

I am particularly impressed by [Company name]’s commitment to [Specific company initiative or value], and I am enthusiastic about the prospect of working with a team that values [Related value or skill]. I am confident that my skills and experiences align well with the requirements of the [Job title] position.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss how my background, skills, and enthusiasm can contribute to the success of [Company Name].

[Your Name]

[Your address]

[Your email address]

[Your phone number]

Common mistakes to avoid

When writing a letter of application for employment, be aware of these common mistakes:

• Being too generic: Focus your letter on the specific job and company, and mention detailed information about them. Don’t default to a one-size-fits-all approach or AI-written document. “It is generally best to avoid using generative AI to write your application letters for you,” says Edward Tian, CEO of AI detector GPTZero . “Only you can write about those specific aspects of your identity and experiences in such a personal way.”
• Focusing too much on yourself: While it’s important to highlight your qualifications, make sure to explain how you can benefit the company. “You can talk about your career goals, college classes that piqued your interest in the type of job you're applying to—just make sure that they tie into why they make you uniquely qualified or well-positioned for the job,” Tian says.
• Including irrelevant information: Avoid discussing unrelated jobs or hobbies, for example.
• Using a casual tone: Maintain a professional tone throughout your letter. Avoid slang or overly casual language.

Need a bit more guidance in your job search? Read this next: How to Apply for a Job Online: 10 Tips to Stand Out and Land an Interview

Essential Parts of a Job Application Cover Letter

Applying for jobs is stressful, and having to tailor each application to the job and company in a timely manner just adds to the effort level. But if you want to stand out from the crowd of 100+ people that may apply for any job, you can’t just submit the same cover letter (or job application letter) to each hiring manager for each role.

When you’re submitting cover letters, it’s essential to get them right. From the basics, such as contact information, greeting, and salutation, to the bulk of the letter, we’ve laid out the key areas to cover and guidance for writing yours to stand out.

Note: We also have downloadable templates you can use so you don’t have to worry about coming up with your own professional designs. You can download and customize them for free from the Templates page.

As with any letter, there is an expected flow of information.

Introduction

The top part of your letter sets the stage by covering some of the common elements of a greeting and contact information.

Your Contact Information

Name, mailing address, phone number(s), email address, and any social media handles if you’d like to make it easier for the employer to check you out.

Employer Contact Information

Unlike the resume, where you don’t include information directly about the potential employer, you do in the cover letter.

Include the date either after your own contact information or before the greeting. By providing the date, you can also reference it if you need to follow up with the potential employer if you haven’t heard back about an interview. Here are a few examples of where you can place the date in the introductory design.

You need to address the letter to someone, but what do you do if you don’t know the name of the recruiter/hiring manager? First try to call or email the contact person listed on the job advertisement to see if you can find out who for sure will review your letter. That way, you show commitment to researching details and solidify your interest in the role. If that doesn’t work, you can always go with the customary “To Whom It May Concern.”

Requisition Number

When a job requisition number/identifying number is included on the job posting, you should include it somewhere within the cover letter to make it very clear the exact job you’re applying for. You can place it at the top in the introductory material, and/or mention it in the body text.

The first part of the letter was easy. The next part gets a little more challenging because you need to paint a positive picture of why this company would benefit from hiring you, but you don’t just want to rehash bullet points from your resume. To write a compelling letter, you need to answer these questions/ask yourself these questions and tie your experience to the job ad and your understanding of it. Use these prompts to help build your story rather than aimlessly tossing text into paragraphs. These prompts take some of the guesswork out.

Who I Am and How That Can Improve Your Business – Introductory paragraph

Don’t speak in general terms, just saying how many years you’ve held a certain job title or where you went to school. You also don’t want to sound self-serving by saying “I want to use this role to fulfill my goal of becoming a manager” or a similar statement. You do want to show enthusiasm for the role; just be certain that how you frame it shows the benefits you bring to the employer. Have you designed a training program that has been proven to increase employee retention? Simplified a process to reduce the number of minutes it takes to complete each task? Organized a yearly charity event to benefit the local community? Consistently worked with “difficult” team members to discover they were just in the wrong department / hired for the wrong job? Show how you can repeat these accomplishments for the new employer, based on the exact requests they’ve placed in the job ad.

Before you officially put the refined details into the introductory paragraph of your cover letter, you can jot out ideas, read them out loud, and improve them. Improvements include being specific and measurable in your details, and making sure you’re speaking directly rather than sounding too formal or forced.

In this paragraph, you’ll also want to let the hiring manager know how you learned about this open position. For example, were you referred by an employee, a long-time follower of their company who noticed the open position on Twitter, or happened upon it on a job board?

How I Have Achieved Success Before and How I Can Do it for You – Second/third paragraph

In the following body paragraphs, you elaborate on how your unique skills and experience will be an asset to the company. Don’t use generic statements like “my skills would lend well to the position.” Focus on specific skills, how they match the job ad, and support your claims with actual accomplishments from your work history (measurable, quantifiable if possible).

This is the time when you need to be persuasive, even if it feels like you’re bragging and it feels uncomfortable! It’s hard for most people to frame their talents and wins in a way that is persuasive and unique without feeling big-headed or arrogant. But it’s up to you to make it clear; no one can read between the lines.

In the last paragraph, thank them for considering your application to the role and reiterate why you’re excited to contribute to the organization and its customers. Indicate when you will follow up if you have not yet heard back from the recruiter or hiring manager. This strategy is not to sound impatient or ungracious; it’s really to make sure you are committed to the entire process of working toward earning the role, and to give the heads up in a polite and professional manner that you will continue to follow through on that commitment. Follow the standard letter format to close out your cover letter. Use a professional word such as “regards/kind regards” or “sincerely” followed by your full name.

Other Things to Consider

Keep the cover letter to one page. Even though the pages allowed has changed for resumes, you don’t need to drone on for more than a page in the letter.

You don’t need to spend money hiring and expensive graphic designer or professional career material creator, but do use some basic design elements to make the letter look professional. Simply using a letterhead template in your word processor or looking up standard letter formats on the web will guide you into clear design.

Share this:

How to Write an Effective Application Letter [with Example & Tips]

By Sheila Kravitz

11 min read

An application letter is a vital document in any job seeker’s arsenal, at the same level of importance as resumes and cover letters. It’s often an applicant’s first point of contact with recruiters and hiring managers .

So, how do you write an effective job application letter to highlight your skills and experience, capture the potential employer’s attention, and increase your chances of getting a job? These are the questions that we’re going to answer in this article while also giving you concrete examples and expert tips that’ll make your letter shine.

Without further ado, let’s jump right in!

Key Takeaways

An application letter is a document similar to a cover letter or a resume that job seekers submit when they are interested in a role .

The document is similar to a cover letter example , and it should follow business letter formatting .

Before writing an application letter, you should research the company and read the job ad to find out which skills and qualifications are needed.

An introductory paragraph should be attention-grabbing , highlighting the amount of work experience you have and at least one highly impressive accomplishment.

The middle portion of the document should be all about your skills and achievements relevant to the job.

A call to action toward the end of the letter increases your chances of being invited for an interview.

What is a Job Application Letter?

A job application letter is a document that’s in many ways similar to a cover letter. It’s written and sent with the purpose of applying for a job . As such, it should convey valuable information about your skills, experience, and motivation for the role that you’re applying for.

However, while a cover letter is a supplementary document to a resume , a job application letter is typically a standalone document and should be sent without additional attachments. As a result, it needs to be longer and more detailed than a cover letter.

Still, an application letter should be a concise, one-page document that serves as an elevator pitch. Use it to get in touch with potential employers and make a lasting first impression that can secure you an interview and expedite the hiring process.

The Best Way to Format Your Job Application Letter

The best way to format your job application letter is to follow the business letter format and layout . This includes organizing the information in a specific way and ensuring that your document is visually clean.

Here’s how to arrange the information in your application letter:

Job Application Letter Format

Contact information

A formal salutation

A catchy introductory paragraph

The middle portion, with your skills and achievements

A closing paragraph with a call to action

A cordial letter closing with your sign-off

This is the optimal structure to follow when writing a job application letter, as it gives hiring managers the chance to see what they want to see exactly when they want to.

Now let’s see how you can create an impeccable layout for your application letter:

Job Application Letter Layout Guidelines

Your document should be one page long .

Choose an appropriate font for your application letter, like Calibri or Helvetica.

Set the font size between 10 and 12 pt.

Adjust margins to at least 1 inch on all sides.

Use 1.0 or 1.15 line spacing and insert an additional line between paragraphs.

Align text to the left or use justified alignment.

A Step-by-Step Guide to Writing a Perfect Application Letter

Let’s learn how to write an application letter for a job with a step-by-step guide that’ll show you how to craft every part of it.

#1. Research the Company

Researching the company is the first step before you even start writing your application letter . This is crucial, as your document has the best chance of garnering attention from hiring managers if it’s tailored and relevant to the position that you’re applying for.

That’s because every job is different, and even similar roles within the same industry require different sets of skills and experiences. By looking into the organization that you want to join, examining the job ad, and paying attention to the requirements, you’ll be able to pinpoint exactly what hiring managers and employers look for in candidates .

After that, you’ll be able to lean on those experiences, as well as the hard and soft skills that you know are necessary for the job. That’ll set you apart from other candidates with generic application letters that don’t entirely match the posted requirements.

#2. Write an Introduction

Writing a strong introductory paragraph is one of the most important steps in the process of crafting an application letter. It’s your way of grabbing the reader’s attention and persuading them to check out the rest of your document.

Hiring managers are busy professionals and sometimes merely skim through application letters , spending just a couple of seconds on each. That’s why you want the first few sentences to be as captivating as possible.

Use this paragraph to mention the position that you’re applying for, emphasize how much experience you have , and highlight one or two particularly notable accomplishments.

Here’s an example:

Introduction Example

I am writing to express my interest in the architect position at Sky Vision Inc., as advertised on your website. With more than 11 years of experience in residential design and project management, as well as a Global Award for Sustainable Architecture under my belt, I am confident that I’ll be able to contribute to your esteemed organization and lead your large-scale projects.

#3. Emphasize Your Skills & Achievements

Once you have the hiring manager’s attention, it’s time to impress them with your unique skills and achievements . Remember that the goal is to be as relevant as possible, so focus on those accomplishments that indicate how you are going to perform in their company should they hire you.

One of the best ways to make this part of your application letter pop is to use numbers for quantification . They add measurable value to your accomplishments, adding credibility to them and making them stand out in the eyes of hiring managers.

Let’s see that in an example:

Emphasize Skills & Achievements Example

I have a proven track record of handling more than 50 projects from inception to completion, within budget, and with no missed deadlines. One of my biggest accomplishments was carrying out a $35 million project and achieving a delivery time 13% faster than the industry standard.

#4. Say Why You’re a Good Fit for the Role

In addition to accentuating your skills and experience, you should stress that you’re the perfect person for the role you’re applying for. This builds on the summary of qualifications that you already talked about to show potential employers how they are going to benefit from hiring you .

To achieve this goal, you can point out the moments when your previous employers prospered from your work , such as how you helped them gain new clients, boost their revenue, improve their business, and more.

Why You’re a Good Fit for the Role Example

Exceptional skills in design software like AutoCAD and Revit, coupled with a commitment to green and user-centric architecture, garnered me a 96% user satisfaction rate and an increase in the company’s repeat business by 67%.

#5. Close Your Letter With a CTA

You should take the opportunity to include a call to action (CTA) toward the end of your application letter. A CTA is a marketing term describing something created to elicit a response .

In terms of an application letter, a CTA can be an invitation for hiring managers to contact you for a job interview . This one simple sentence can vastly improve your chances and secure you the next step in the hiring process.

Close the Letter With CTA Example

Thank you for your time. I would love the opportunity to discuss my qualifications over an interview and explain further how I could contribute to your organization.

Let’s put what we’ve learned into practice and check out a complete application letter example :

Application Letter Example

3 Tips for Crafting an Effective Job Application Letter

Let’s wrap it up with a couple of expert tips that’ll help you craft the best application letter for a job vacancy:

Job Application Letter Writing Tips

Show that you’re interested in the company. Mention something specific about the organization that you want to join that compelled you to apply to them in particular. That’ll set you apart from the competition, as it shows true passion and indicates that you’re already familiar with their work.

Address the reader by their name. Greeting the reader by their name creates a connection right from the get-go. It’s a great way to build rapport and show that you went the extra mile to research the company.

Write a new job application letter for every position. Don’t submit the same application letter every time you apply for a new job. Even slight modifications can still make your document look generic. For maximum chances with recruiters, your best bet is to write a new one every time.

Final Thoughts

Writing a strong application letter is a skill in and of itself. It represents a combination of research skills, communication skills , writing skills , attention to detail, and more. However, learning this ability is crucial, as it opens doors to invaluable opportunities and helps you move your career in the right direction.

Fortunately, learning to write this document is not that difficult once you understand the basics . The format and layout remain the same, regardless of the career or role that you’re applying for. One application letter sample works for any position; you just need to adapt it to suit your needs.

That’s why we’ve provided step-by-step instructions and a complete example of an application letter, arming you with all the knowledge you need. Best of luck getting the job of your dreams!

Application Letter FAQ

#1. when do you need a job application letter.

You need a job application letter when you’re applying for a role , and you want to stand out among the competition. This document serves as a testament to your skills and experience, and its goal is to portray you as a qualified candidate who’s perfect for the job.

#2. Is a letter of application the same as a cover letter?

A letter of application is not the same as a cover letter , but they share many similarities. The two documents have the same formatting, and both convey valuable information about your competence. However, a cover letter supplements your resume, while an application letter is a standalone and more comprehensive document.

#3. How do I write an application letter that stands out?

To write an application letter that stands out, focus on the skills and accomplishments that are relevant to the job that you’re applying for . Use an attention-grabbing introductory paragraph and include a call to action toward the end. Finally, leverage numbers to add measurable value to your achievements.

Create your cover letter once, use it everywhere

Login or sign up

Get Started

• College Search
• College Search Map
• Graduate Programs
• Featured Colleges
• Scholarship Search
• Lists & Rankings
• User Resources

Articles & Advice

• All Categories
• Ask the Experts
• Campus Visits
• Catholic Colleges and Universities
• Christian Colleges and Universities
• College Admission
• College Athletics
• College Diversity
• Counselors and Consultants
• Education and Teaching
• Financial Aid
• Graduate School
• Health and Medicine
• International Students
• Internships and Careers
• Majors and Academics
• Performing and Visual Arts
• Public Colleges and Universities
• Science and Engineering
• Student Life
• Transfer Students
• Why CollegeXpress
• CollegeXpress Store
• Corporate Website
• Terms of Use
• Privacy Policy
• CA and EU Privacy Policy

Articles & Advice > Internships and Careers > Blog

How to Perfect the 5 Sections of a Cover Letter

Hiring managers expect your cover letter structure to comprise five basic parts. Here's how to write each section for job application success.

by LiveCareer

Last Updated: May 17, 2024

Originally Posted: Apr 18, 2019

Not including a cover letter with an application is one of the biggest mistakes students make when trying to get a job. As a soon-to-be graduate with little or no work experience, you can’t rely on your résumé alone. You need to craft a strong accompanying letter to sell yourself, and you need to get all its components right. While there may be room for more creativity in non-traditional industries, for the most part, recruiters expect cover letters to follow a particular format. If you adhere to the anticipated framework, you’ll make it easier for them to digest your submission. The best way to get a feel for how to write this important document is to look at lots of cover letter examples. You should also follow the guidelines below for cover letter structure success.

1. The greeting

If you remember only one thing when it comes to your opening address , let it be this: personalization. “To Whom It May Concern” just isn’t going to cut it; you need to use a full name, inserted into a formal salutation (Dear Mr./Ms. [First Name, Last Name]). If you don’t know who the hiring manager is, do some online digging. If (and only if) that turns up nothing, make use of a specific job title. Something like “Dear Group Human Resources Manager” could work. The point is to demonstrate that you’re willing to go the extra mile and do some research because you’re that interested in the position.

Related:  7 Must-Know Tips for Writing a Killer Cover Letter

2. The opening paragraph

The opening statement is the most important part of your cover letter structure, and the key to success is disruption—you want to surprise, amuse, and captivate from the first word while still remaining professional. So don’t start with something predictable like “My name is X and I’m writing to apply for the position of Y.” The most important thing to communicate in your first paragraph is why you’re so interested in this particular job at this particular company. Express your enthusiasm in an authentic, unexpected way by starting with a personal story that sheds light on how you came to love your field of work or how you first discovered the organization. Not only will a short tale be far more interesting than a generic introduction, but it’ll also encourage hiring managers to see you as a human being and not just another applicant. If you know someone at the organization—or better yet, if someone high up suggested that you apply for the position—you should definitely include that person’s name in your letter’s opening paragraph too.

3. The body paragraph(s)

The body is the meat of your cover letter—the part that’s meant to convince the hiring manager that you were made for this job. If you look at good cover letter examples, you’ll see it’s best to start with a hook that (a) shows you understand what the company needs and (b) emphasizes that you have the competencies, qualifications, and know-how necessary to meet those needs. If you don’t have a lot of work experience, focus on your transferable skills —those you’ve acquired through college projects and internships, for example—and include concrete examples of how you’ve applied them in the past to achieve results. If possible, evidence should be expressed in numbers and metrics, and skills and academic achievements should be described using language from the job ad so your letter is flagged if scanned by an applicant tracking system.

Two things you should never do when writing the body of your cover letter? Repeat your résumé or focus too much on yourself. Instead of the former, select two or three key points from your background and expand on them, making specific links to the position’s requirements. Regarding the latter, keep the emphasis on how you can help the company achieve its goals, and avoid talking too much about what you hope to gain.

Related: Entry-Level Résumé Mistakes to Avoid as a New Grad

4. The final paragraph

Don’t ruin a great cover letter with a tepid ending. Leave a lasting impression and close on a high by reiterating your interest in the position and outlining what you’d aim to achieve in your first few weeks in the position   if you’re selected. If there might be cause for concern (for instance, if you’re currently not based in the city but plan to relocate), address this here, but don’t dwell on it. Remember to thank the hiring manager for considering you—he or she didn’t have to read your whole letter, after all. Also be sure to balance confidence with courtesy; that is, don’t threaten the reader in any way or be overly presumptuous. Simply say that you’d be grateful for the opportunity to discuss your fit for the role further, and encourage the hiring manager to contact you if they’d like to set up an interview or learn more about you.

5. The closing remark

The tone of your sign-off should be consistent with the rest of your cover letter—courteous and professional, but not so formal that it feels contrived. “Yours faithfully” is probably too stuffy, but “Sincerely,” “Warm regards,” “Best wishes,” or even just “Regards,” followed by your full name, are all appropriate. If you’re posting your application materials, include your signature, but this isn’t necessary if you’re submitting your cover letter digitally. 

Related:  An Easy 7-Step Guide to Finding a Job After College

The cover letter is an elusive task when it comes to applying for jobs. You need to strike the right tone and balance to impress your audience: the hiring manager. Using this advice can help you perfect the art of writing your cover letter to show and say exactly what you want it to.  And with a little bit of practice, you’re sure to land an amazing job for a career where you can thrive.

Find more advice crafting your best application to land the job in our Internships and Careers section.

Like what you’re reading?

Join the CollegeXpress community! Create a free account and we’ll notify you about new articles, scholarship deadlines, and more.

Tags: applying for jobs career search careers cover letters job applications job search jobs writing

← Previous Post

Next Post →

About LiveCareer

Since 2005, LiveCareer’s team of career coaches, certified résumé writers, and savvy technologists have been developing career tools that have helped over 10 million users build stronger résumés, write persuasive cover letters, and develop better interview skills. Land the job you want faster using our free  résumé templates  and  résumé examples , writing guides, and an easy-to-use résumé builder.

Join our community of over 5 million students!

CollegeXpress has everything you need to simplify your college search, get connected to schools, and find your perfect fit.

College Quick Connect

Swipe right to request information. Swipe left if you're not interested.

Iona University

New Rochelle, NY

John Paul the Great Catholic University

San Diego, CA

Oral Roberts University

Saint Francis University

Loretto, PA

The University of Tampa

University of South Carolina

Columbia, SC

University of Miami

Coral Gables, FL

Washington State University

Pullman, WA

Angelo State University

San Angelo, TX

Colorado Christian University

Lakewood, CO

Rhode Island College

Providence, RI

SUNY Cortland

Cortland, NY

Stevenson University

Stevenson, MD

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey—Newark

Whitworth University

Spokane, WA

Fashion Institute of Technology

New York, NY

The University of Chicago

Chicago, IL

Dean College

Franklin, MA

Colorado State University Pueblo

Saint Joseph's University

Philadelphia, PA

University of Austin

Western Michigan University

Kalamazoo, MI

Alabama State University

Montgomery, AL

Georgia State University

Atlanta, GA

That's it for now!

Heaven Johnson

Back to School Scholarship Winner, High School Class of 2023

I’d like to thank everyone on the CollegeXpress team for their generosity. Not only have I been awarded this scholarship, but CollegeXpress makes it easier to apply and gives amazing tips for schools and scholarships. I am extremely grateful as this will help with my schooling and allow me to be able to enter into the field I’ve been dreaming of all my life.  

Rayan Hamdan

High School Student

I joined CollegeXpress just a few months ago. I had been struggling with severe anxiety, causing me to not be able to tour schools and make sure a college would be perfect for me. I came across CollegeXpress one day when I was searching for colleges online, and it completely changed the game. I was easily able to choose colleges that would suit me, and I also entered a few giveaways! Thank you so much!

Hannah Nelsen

High School Class of 2022

CollegeXpress has helped me look at colleges that fit my interests by taking my profile and matching it to colleges that have the programs I'm looking for. It has the ability to connect me to colleges so I can be contacted by them and look at them more in-depth to find what's right for me. Additionally, the scholarship database is super beneficial for getting scholarships for college. Not only does it help lift the financial burden of college but it shows all the opportunities available. Overall, CollegeXpress has been very helpful to me.

Farrah Macci

High School Class of 2016

CollegeXpress has helped me in many ways. For one, online searches are more organized and refined by filtering scholarships through by my personal and academic interests. Due to this, it has made searching for colleges and scholarships significantly less stressful. As a student, life can already get stressful pretty quickly. For me, it’s been helpful to utilize CollegeXpress since it keeps all of my searches and likes together, so I don’t have to branch out on multiple websites just to explore scholarship options.

Fabiola Rodriguez

CollegeXpress helped me on my journey to get to the school of my first choice by showing me all the options I have. I didn’t know of the College of Southern Nevada until I went on this website, and it helped me look for other choices and compare what colleges would be right for me.

Personalize your experience on CollegeXpress.

With this information, we'll display content relevant to your interests. By subscribing, you agree to receive CollegeXpress emails and to make your information available to colleges, scholarship programs, and other companies that have relevant/related offers.

Already have an account?

Log in to be directly connected to

Not a CollegeXpress user?

Don't want to register.

Provide your information below to connect with

Explore Jobs

• Jobs Near Me
• Remote Jobs
• Full Time Jobs
• Part Time Jobs
• Entry Level Jobs
• Work From Home Jobs

Find Specific Jobs

• $15 Per Hour Jobs
• $20 Per Hour Jobs
• Hiring Immediately Jobs
• High School Jobs
• H1b Visa Jobs

Explore Careers

• Business And Financial
• Architecture And Engineering
• Computer And Mathematical

Explore Professions

• What They Do
• Certifications
• Demographics

Best Companies

• Health Care
• Fortune 500

Explore Companies

• CEO And Executies
• Resume Builder
• Career Advice
• Explore Majors
• Questions And Answers
• Interview Questions

How To Write A Job Application Letter (With Examples)

• Best Business Salutations
• Letter of Introduction
• Close a Business Letter
• Job Application Letter
• Business Letter Layout
• To Whom It May Concern
• Letter Of Interest
• Letter Envelope
• Experience Letter
• How To Write A Letter

Find a Job You Really Want In

While applying to jobs, you might be asked to provide a job application letter (sometimes referred to as a cover letter) along with your resume. A resume outlines your professional skills and experience, and a job application letter explains why you are an ideal candidate for the position you’re applying to. You can think of this as a strictly formatted professional letter that gives hiring managers a sense of your individual qualities prior to a job interview. This article outlines the essential details and formatting for a job application letter. You’ll learn how to write a concise and engaging letter that will increase your chances of being selected for an interview. Key Takeaways: A job application letter can also be known as a cover letter. It is a way to introduce how your skills and experience are a good match for the job. A job application letter should have your contact information, employer contact information, and a salutation, A job application application letter should have an introductory paragraph, middle paragraphs that explain your qualifications, and a closing paragraph. Use specific experiences with quantifiable results to show how your skills were successfully put into action. Make sure to do your research and edit your letter before submitting. In This Article    Skip to section Tips for writing a job application letter Job application letter format What’s the difference between a cover letter and a job application letter? Dos and don’ts for writing a job application letter Sign Up For More Advice and Jobs Show More Tips for writing a job application letter

If you’ve ever asked for advice on the job application process, you’ve likely heard the phrase “sell yourself” a million times over. This means that you should highlight your skills and achievements in a way that will pique a hiring manager ’s interest and make them pause over your application.

You might feel overwhelmed in the grand scheme of online applications, application/ cover letters , letters of intent , and interviews. It’s a lot to balance, especially if you have no experience with any of the things listed.

Remember to take everything one step at a time and review some helpful tips for writing a polished and engaging job application letter:

Tailor the application letter to each job. Your letter should address key points in the job description from the listing, as well as how you can apply your knowledge and experience to the position. You want to emphasize why you are the best candidate for this specific job.

Don’t copy information straight from your resume. Your resume is meant to act as a formal record of your professional experience, education, and accomplishments. The job application letter is where you highlight a few particular details from your resume, and use them to demonstrate how your experience can apply to the job.

Follow the business letter format. These letters have very strict formatting rules, to ensure that they appear as professional to hiring managers. A poorly formatted letter could prevent employers from taking your application seriously.

Proofread. Hiring managers will definitely overlook letters riddled with proofreading mistakes. Read your letter several times over to fix any grammar, punctuation, or spelling errors. You could ask someone else to look over it afterwards or run it through any number of online grammar check programs.

Decide on printing and mailing your letter or sending it in an email. An application letter sent through email requires a subject line that details your purpose for writing— consider “[job title], [your name].” The placement of your contact information is also different depending on the medium . In a hard copy, this goes at the top of your letter, as a header. In an email, it goes below your signature.

Job application letter format

The following formatting information can be used as a guideline while drafting your own job application letter, with an example for both a printed/mailed letter and a letter sent through email.

Your contact information

Name Address City, State Zip Code Phone Number Email Address

Employer contact information

First paragraph

Middle paragraphs

This section should be about one to three paragraphs, discussing your various qualifications for the job. This is where you really emphasize what you could bring to the company and how you might fit into the work environment. It might be necessary to do some additional research about the company, to lend more specificity to your letter.

Final paragraph

Ending a cover letter might be a challenge, as you try to wrap up all the details about why you’re the most well-qualified employee on the planet. Let that confidence carry over into your concluding paragraph.

Sincerely/Best,

Job application letter example – printed and mailed

Robin Gomez 37 Southwest Avenue Gainesville, FL 12345 365-123-4567 [email protected] October 20, 2020 Ms. Martha Waters Hiring Manager Blue Swamp Publishing 27 Archer Street Gainesville, FL 67890 Dear Ms. Waters, My resume is attached in response to your advertisement for an editorial assistant . The job description aligns with my interest in editing short fiction, and I believe my experience and skills match what you’re looking for. This past year, I interned with the Editing, Design and Production department at Gator University Press. Over the course of two semesters, I interacted with academic texts at various stages before publication. I’m comfortable proofreading and copyediting manuscripts, as well as adding typesetting codes in Microsoft Word. I have also previously worked on the staff of Writers Student Literary Magazine in Jacksonville, FL , as the Fiction and Website Editor, as well as the head of the Proofreading Team. I played a significant role in the publication of six issues of the magazine, across a two year period (including print and online editions). My qualifications beyond this include experience in team-oriented settings and proficiency in creative and academic writing. I would love the opportunity to speak with you about how I can further contribute to Blue Swamp Publishing! Please feel free to contact me on my cell at 365-123-4567 if you have questions or to set up an interview. Sincerely, Robin Gomez

Job application letter example – emailed

Subject Line: Victoria Caruso – Public Relations Assistant Dear Ms. Janet Wang, I was excited when my colleague Rachel Smith told me that you were looking for a public relations assistant with a background in graphic design. She suggested that I reach out to you about the position, since I believe that my experience aligns well with what you are seeking at Trademark Agency. I worked alongside Rachel as a brand ambassador at a small graphic design company for three years, where I excelled in project management, strategy development, and client communication. This past spring, I played a significant role in designing the website for an up-and-coming multicultural women’s organization and publicizing their first few public events. Along with my experience and personal qualities, I prioritize: Expanding company recognition and designing unique brand details Managing media, press, and public relations issues for companies Developing company communication strategies Please see my attached resume for additional details about my career achievements. I hope to learn more about Trademark Agency’s goals for the coming year. You can contact me on my cell at 319-333-3333 or via email at [email protected]. Sincerely, Victoria Caruso 15th Avenue N Iowa City, Iowa 52240 319-333-3333 [email protected]

What’s the difference between a cover letter and a job application letter?

A cover letter normally is attached with a resume for a specific job opening, whereas a job application letter can be submitted independently. As already stated, a job application letter can also be known as a cover letter. Format wise, there are a lot of similarities.

However, a job application letter can also be more detailed than a cover a letter. Usually a cover letter acts a quick introduction to a resume when a candidate applies for a specific job opening.

Meanwhile, you can submit a job application letter to a company even if there are no job openings. In this case, you would provide more detail about yourself and your qualifications. Due to this, job application letters tend to be a little longer than the average cover letter.

Dos and don’ts for writing a job application letter

Now that we’ve gone through the basic formatting for a job application letter and a few examples of what one might look like, how can we condense all that information into digestible pieces?

Refer to these lists of “dos” and “don’ts” to help you through your drafting process:

Explain what you can bring to the company. Consider: how is your experience relevant to what the hiring manager is looking for?

Discuss your skills. Pick out a few skills listed in your resume and describe how you have utilized them in the workplace.

Give specific examples to support your experience. Is there a major project you worked on at your last job ? Did you accomplish something significant in your previous position? Including examples of these things in your letter will add new, specific content to your application and make you more interesting.

Edit your letter thoroughly. Read your letter a couple times, pass it off to someone to look over, run it through an online grammar check. Make sure it’s free of any errors.

Don’t focus on what the job can do for you. While it might seem nice to write that a job is your dream job or that you’ve always wanted to work with a company, it can read as vague flattery. Remember, this letter is about your qualifications.

Don’t list your current or previous job description. Your education and work experience certainly have value, but don’t just list your degrees and places you’ve worked at. Explained what you learned from those experiences and how they’ve made you a strong employee.

Don’t paste directly from your resume. A job application letter is meant to add to your value as a candidate, not just reiterate the same information repeatedly. Use your resume as a guide , but expand on especially relevant details.

Don’t submit an unedited letter. Before an employer ever meets you, they see your application and your job application letter. You don’t want grammar errors and misspelled words to make a bad first impression, so make sure to edit your draft multiple times.

Armed with these tips, guidelines, and examples, you’ll be able to draft your job application letter more confidently and send them off to potential employers knowing that you’re one step closer to employment.

How useful was this post?

Click on a star to rate it!

Average rating / 5. Vote count:

No votes so far! Be the first to rate this post.

Chris Kolmar is a co-founder of Zippia and the editor-in-chief of the Zippia career advice blog. He has hired over 50 people in his career, been hired five times, and wants to help you land your next job. His research has been featured on the New York Times, Thrillist, VOX, The Atlantic, and a host of local news. More recently, he's been quoted on USA Today, BusinessInsider, and CNBC.

Related posts

How To Introduce Yourself In An Email (With Examples)

Should I Add References Available Upon Request To My Resume?

How To Write A Letter (With Examples)

What To Do When You Don’t Have Any References For A Job

• Career Advice >
• Apply For Jobs >

• Search Search Please fill out this field.
• Career Planning
• Finding a Job
• Cover Letters

How to Write a Job Application Letter (With Examples)

What Is a Job Application Letter?

Tips for writing a job application letter, how to get started.

• Writing Guidelines
• What to Include in Each Section

Simple Formatting Using a Template

Tips for writing an effective letter, sample job application letter, sending an email application, review more letter examples.

Do you need to write a letter to apply for a job? Most of the time, the answer is yes. Even when employers don’t require a job application letter , writing one will help you highlight your skills and achievements and get the hiring manager’s attention. The only time not to send one is when the job listing says not to do so. It can help, and it definitely won't hurt to include an application letter with your resume.

A job application letter, also known as a cover letter , should be sent or uploaded with your resume when applying for jobs. While your resume offers a history of your work experience and an outline of your skills and accomplishments, the job application letter you send to an employer explains why you are qualified for the position and should be selected for an interview.

Writing this letter can seem like a challenging task. However, if you take it one step at a time, you'll soon be an expert at writing application letters to send with your resume.

Melissa Ling / The Balance

Before you begin writing your job application letter, do some groundwork. Consider what information you want to include, and keep in mind that space is limited.

Remember, this letter is making a case for your candidacy for the position. But you should do more than just regurgitate your resume. Instead, highlight your most relevant skills, experiences, and abilities.

Analyze the Job Posting

To include the most convincing, relevant details in your letter, you'll need to know what the employer wants.

The biggest clues are within the job advertisement, so spend some time decoding the job listing . Next, match your qualifications with the employer's wants and needs.

Include Your Most Relevant Qualifications

Make a list of your relevant experience and skills. For instance, if the job ad calls for a strong leader, think of examples of when you've successfully led a team. Once you've jotted down some notes and have a sense of what you want to highlight in your letter, you're ready to start writing.

Writing Guidelines for Job Application Letters

Writing a job application letter is very different from a quick email to a friend or a thank-you note to a relative. Hiring managers and potential interviewers have certain expectations when it comes to the letter's presentation and appearance, from length (no more than a page) and font size to style and letter spacing . Keep these general guidelines in mind, but always stick to any explicit instructions in the job listing or application portal.

Length: A letter of application should be no more than one page long. Three to four paragraphs are typical.

Format and Page Margins: A letter of application should be single-spaced with a space between each paragraph. Use 1-inch margins and align your text to the left, which is the standard alignment for most documents.

Font: Use a traditional font such as Times New Roman, Arial, or Calibri. The font size should be between 10 and 12 points.

What to Include in Each Section of the Letter

There are also set rules for the sections included in the letter, from salutation to sign-off, and how the letter is organized. Here's a quick overview of the main sections included in a job application letter:

Heading: A job application letter should begin with both your and the employer's contact information (name, address, phone number, email), followed by the date. If this is an email rather than an actual letter, include your contact information at the end of the letter, after your signature.

•   Header Examples

Salutation: This is your polite greeting. The most common salutation is "Dear Mr./Ms." followed by the person's last name. Find out more about appropriate cover letter salutations , including what to do if you don't know the person's name or are unsure of a contact's gender.

Body of the letter: Think of this section as having three distinct parts.

In the first paragraph , you'll want to mention the job you are applying for and where you saw the job listing.

The next paragraph(s) are the most important part of your letter. Remember how you gathered information about what the employer was seeking, and how you could meet their needs? This is where you'll share those relevant details on your experience and accomplishments.

The third and last part of the body of the letter will be your thank you to the employer; you can also offer follow-up information.

Complimentary Close: Sign off your email or letter with a polite close, such as "Best," or "Sincerely," followed by your name.

• Closing Examples

Signature: When you're sending or uploading a printed letter, end with your handwritten signature, followed by your typed name. If this is an email, simply include your typed name, followed by your contact information.

• Signature Examples

Overwhelmed by all these formatting and organization requirements? One way to make the process of writing a job application easier is to use a template to create your own personalized letters. Having a template can help save you time if you are sending a lot of application letters.

Be sure that each letter you send is personalized to the company and position; do not send the same letter to different companies.

• Always write one. Unless a job posting explicitly says not to send a letter of application or cover letter, you should always send one. Even if the company does not request a letter of application, it never hurts to include one. If they do ask you to send a letter, make sure to follow the directions exactly (for example, they might ask you to send the letter as an email attachment or type it directly into their online application system).
• Use business letter format. Use a formal business letter format when writing your letter. Include your contact information at the top, the date, and the employer’s contact information. Be sure to provide a salutation at the beginning and your signature at the end.
• Sell yourself. Throughout the letter, focus on how you would benefit the company. Provide specific examples of times when you demonstrated skills or abilities that would be useful for the job, especially those listed in the job posting or description. If possible, include examples of times when you added value to a company.

Numerical values offer concrete evidence of your skills and accomplishments.

• Use keywords. Reread the job listing, taking note of any keywords (such as skills or abilities that are emphasized in the listing). Try to include some of those words in your cover letter. This will help the employer see that you are a strong fit for the job.
• Keep it brief. Keep your letter under a page long, with no more than about four paragraphs. An employer is more likely to read a concise letter.
• Proofread and edit. Employers are likely to overlook an application with a lot of errors. Read through your cover letter, and if possible, ask a friend or career counselor to review the letter. Proofread for any grammar or spelling errors.

This is a job application letter sample.  Download the letter template (compatible with Google Docs or Word Online) or read the example below.

Sample Job Application Letter (Text Version)

Elizabeth Johnson 12 Jones Street Portland, Maine 04101 555-555-5555 elizabethjohnson@emailaddress.com

August 11, 2024

Mark Smith Human Resources Manager Veggies to Go 238 Main Street Portland, Maine 04101

Dear Mr. Smith,

I was so excited when my former coworker, Jay Lopez, told me about your opening for an administrative assistant in your Portland offices. A long-time Veggies to Go customer and an experienced admin, I would love to help the company achieve its mission of making healthy produce as available as takeout.

I’ve worked for small companies for my entire career, and I relish the opportunity to wear many hats and work with the team to succeed. In my latest role as an administrative assistant at Beauty Corp, I saved my employer thousands of dollars in temp workers by implementing a self-scheduling system for the customer service reps that cut down on canceled shifts. I also learned web design and timesheet coding, and I perfected my Excel skills. 

I’ve attached my resume for your consideration and hope to speak with you soon about your needs for the role.

Best Regards,

Elizabeth Johnson (signature hard copy letter)

Elizabeth Johnson

When you are sending your letter via email include the reason you are writing in the subject line of your message:

Subject Line Example

Subject: Elizabeth Johnson – Administrative Assistant Position

List your contact information in your signature, rather than in the body of the letter:

Email Signature Example

Elizabeth Johnson 555-555-5555 email@emailaddress.com

Review more examples of professionally written cover letters for a variety of circumstances, occupations, and job types.

CareerOneStop. " How Do I Write a Cover Letter? "

University of Maryland Global Campus. " Cover Letters ."

Parts of a Cover Letter: A Detailed Breakdown of 6 Must-Have Sections

3 takeaways

• Learn each part of a cover letter and proper cover letter structure
• Discover how to correctly write each section of your cover letter 
• The best method for generating personalized cover letters in seconds with the Teal AI Resume Builder

When you’re job searching, writing a cover letter can be one of the most discouraging tasks on the list. After all, you’ve already bookmarked the job you want, researched the company, and tailored the perfect resume to match the job description. 

And now, you need to find the time (and energy) to fit all that information into a single-page cover letter.

But by knowing all the parts of a cover letter, along with how to write them, you’ll have a massive head start in the application process. 

What are the parts of a cover letter?

Before you get started creating your cover letter sections, it's important to know the main parts of a professional cover letter. Here they are in order:

• Salutation (or greeting)
• Opening paragraph
• Closing paragraph

Struggling to land interviews with your current resume and cover letter? Get started with Teal’s AI Resume Builder today.

Just like there are resume sections , cover letters have sections, too.  So, first things first: should a cover letter have a header? Absolutely. 

More than just a list of ways to reach you, the header of your cover letter is your first branding opportunity. It should mirror the header of your resume to frame your application as a polished and cohesive package. 

This symmetry isn't just visually appealing; it shows a deliberate and meticulous approach to your job application.

But what should be on a cover letter header?

The key elements of a cover letter header include your:

• Email address
• LinkedIn URL (Optional)
• Phone number

Here’s an example: 

Consider adding a link to your professional online profile, like LinkedIn, especially if you’re applying for a remote job. 

Note: Even if you’re sending an email cover letter , you should attach your letter as a PDF. First, it’s just easier to format. Second, it helps the hiring manager print or share this document with other decision-makers. 

Following the date, you’ll want to add the:

• Name of the hiring manager 
• The company you’re applying to 

Here’s what this looks like: 

2. Salutation

When you’re on the hunt for a new job, first impressions matter. This is what makes the cover letter introduction or salutation so important.

This is where writing a personalized cover letter begins and where you demonstrate your interest and effort in connecting with the company on a human level. Directly addressing the hiring manager is highly recommended when you know their name. It signals respect, shows that you've done your homework, and positions you as a candidate who values personal engagement.

Why not just start your cover letter as “To whom it may concern”? 

Because in today's job market, where a lot of applications flood an inbox, a personalized greeting helps you stand out. It sets a tone of attentiveness and immediately tells the hiring manager that you pay attention to detail. 

Even this little gesture can transform a generic cover letter from a one-size-fits-all document into a tailored conversation starter that resonates with the person responsible for filling the role.

How to find the hiring manager's name

Finding the hiring manager’s name may seem difficult, but it’s often simpler than you think. 

Here are some strategies to uncover this key piece of information:

• LinkedIn : The professional network is your first port of call. Search for the company and sift through employee listings, focusing on those with titles like “Hiring Manager,” “Recruitment Officer,” or specific department heads if you’re applying for a specialized position.
• Company website : Sometimes, the information is hidden in plain sight on the company’s ‘Team’ or ‘About Us’ page. Larger companies might list their staff, job titles, and contact information.
• Calling in : A direct approach can be the most effective. Call the company’s front desk or HR department. Be polite, introduce yourself, and explain that you wish to address your cover letter appropriately. Most will be happy to help.
• Networking outreach : Rely on your network. Ask colleagues or mentors if they know who the hiring manager might be for the position you're eyeing. A mutual connection can often provide you with the name you need.
• Social media scan : Companies often post about their team and new hires on platforms like LinkedIn, Twitter, or Instagram. A quick search might yield the right name.

If you can’t find the hiring manager's name despite your best efforts, opt for a polite and general salutation like “Dear hiring manager” or “Dear hiring team” over the impersonal “To whom it may concern.” 

This retains a level of personalization and respect for the team's collaborative hiring effort. It also sets you apart from the many others who simply wrote: “to whom it may concern.”

Write the elements of a cover letter with Teal's AI

Before you start writing the main parts of your cover letter, consider using Teal instead.

Teal’s cover letter generator pulls from the information you added to a specific resume (also extracting the main keywords and details from the job posting you’re applying to) to align your content. Then, in just a click, you’ll have a great cover letter written before your eyes.

3. Opening paragraph

The opening paragraph of your cover letter is your chance to captivate the reader's interest and set the stage for your narrative. 

When it comes to your cover letter format , this section should include a succinct introduction of who you are, a brief mention of the position you’re applying for, and a compelling reason why the role aligns perfectly with your skills and career aspirations. 

How to grab your reader’s attention in the opening paragraph

To make your entrance memorable, the opening paragraph must do more than introduce – it must intrigue. Here’s how to ensure it does that:

• Start with a bang : Lead with a strong statement or a striking fact about your career achievements. Alternatively, a concise, bold expression of your enthusiasm for the company can be just as effective.
• Show, don't tell : Use a mini anecdote or a powerful example from your experience that reflects your capabilities and mirrors the values or needs of the company.
• Tailor your tone : Match the tone of your writing to the culture of the company. A startup might appreciate a more casual and innovative opener, while a traditional firm might respect a formal and straightforward approach.
• Add some flair : Add a touch of your personality without overshadowing your professionalism. Make sure it’s a blend that conveys your unique professional identity.
• Research results : Mention something recent about the company that impressed you, showing you’re up-to-date and genuinely interested in what they do.
• Give the why and the what : Clearly articulate why you’re excited about the role and what you bring to the table – this is your unique value proposition.

Example of cover letter content for an opening paragraph

“Imagine a marketing strategy so engaging that it doesn't just capture attention but creates a movement. That's been the hallmark of my approach as a Marketing Manager for the past decade, where I've increased brand engagement by an average of 65% year-over-year. Inspired by [Company Name]'s recent groundbreaking campaign on sustainability—a subject close to my heart since I was just a kid—I am eager to bring my expertise in crafting compelling narratives to the role of Head of Marketing.”

You can find more cover letter samples in these marketing manager cover letter examples .

What makes this a strong opening:

• Engages with storytelling: The opening verb is “Imagine,” which is much more engaging than something more traditional, like “My name is…”
• Quantifiable achievements: It includes a specific, measurable achievement (increasing brand engagement by 65% year-over-year), which adds credibility to the applicant’s claims and showcases a track record of success.
• Personal connection: There’s a personal touch with the mention of a lifelong passion for sustainability, making the applicant’s interest in the company feel genuine and deeply rooted.
• Alignment with company values: The reference to the company’s campaign on sustainability suggests that the applicant has done their research and shares the company’s values, implying a natural cultural fit.
• Focus on contribution: By stating a desire to bring expertise in crafting compelling narratives, the applicant immediately addresses how they can contribute to the company’s success rather than just what they wish to gain from the position.

If you can get all of those qualities to shine through in your cover letter, you’ll be more likely to get the reader over to the body of your cover letter. 

Your cover letter body is the meat of your message. It's where you dive into your professional journey, aligning your skills and experiences with the needs of the job at hand. 

This part should be structured in a clear and compelling manner, usually composed of one to three paragraphs, each serving a distinct purpose. 

The first paragraph should connect your past successes to the potential future contributions you'll make to the company. Subsequent paragraphs , like the second or third paragraph , can be used to go further into your relevant skills, experiences, and achievements while also reflecting your knowledge of the company’s goals and challenges.

How to showcase relevant skills and experiences

Here’s how to write a cover letter body that resonates with hiring managers:

• Customize and contextualize : Tailor each example of your experience to mirror the job description. It’s about relevance—show the reader why and how your background prepares you for the specific role.
• Quantify your impact : Use numbers and metrics to give weight to your achievements. Whether it’s increasing sales by a certain percentage or reducing costs through innovative solutions, numbers speak louder than words .
• Problem, action, result (PAR) method : For each skill or experience you share, present the problem you encountered, the action you took, and the result of your efforts. This method illustrates your thought process and problem-solving skills.
• Align with the company's vision : Show that you’ve done your homework by relating your experience to the company's current projects or goals. This demonstrates not just alignment but also initiative and forward-thinking.
• Storytelling with substance : Craft your experiences into a narrative that’s engaging. Your goal is to lead the reader on a journey that showcases growth, impact, and relevance to the role.
• Be concise, be clear : Avoid jargon and overly complex language. The body of your cover letter should be easy to read and understand, ensuring that your points are made without confusion.

Example of what should be in a cover letter body

During my tenure with XYZ Corp, a pioneer in eco-friendly packaging, I spearheaded a transition that faced significant initial resistance both internally and from our customer base. The challenge was formidable: to reframe the public's perception of sustainable packaging from a costly alternative to a savvy, consumer-driven choice. My strategy was to launch an educational campaign that highlighted not just the environmental impact but also the long-term economic benefits. This initiative not only garnered a 120% increase in consumer engagement but also positioned XYZ Corp as a thought leader in the market. In my most recent project, I led a cross-functional team to address a 15% slump in market share due to increased competition. By instituting a thorough competitor analysis and customer feedback loop, we identified key areas where our messaging fell flat. I orchestrated a brand revitalization campaign focused on our core strengths, infused with customer success stories. The result was a 25% market share rebound within the first quarter post-campaign. In each role, I've aligned my actions not only with the company's immediate goals but with a visionary outlook. For instance, anticipating the rise of AI in marketing, I initiated a successful pilot program at XYZ Corp that utilized machine learning to personalize customer interactions, leading to a 30% uptick in customer retention rates.

But remember, not every cover letter will focus on the same information. You’ll need to craft your cover letter according to the specific job you’re applying to. 

While this level of personalization may seem tedious, it’s absolutely necessary. 

5. Closing paragraph

One of the last main parts of a professional cover letter , the closing paragraph, isn’t just a summary but a strategic push to get you into the interview room. This part should reiterate your interest in the position, succinctly summarize why you’re the right fit, and express your enthusiasm about the potential to contribute to the company. 

It's also the place to include a call to action, such as expressing your desire to discuss your application in more detail in a personal interview.

How to end the cover letter on a strong note

• Reaffirm your value : Concisely restate how your skills and experiences align with the job and can benefit the company.
• Personal touch : Express genuine enthusiasm and confidence in your ability to perform the role. Let them feel your eagerness and readiness to take on the challenges it presents.
• Call to action : Encourage the hiring manager to take the next step. You can say you look forward to the opportunity to discuss how you can contribute to their team or that you're eager to provide further details on how you can help achieve their goals.

Closing paragraph example in a cover letter

I am excited to contribute to [Company Name]'s innovative marketing efforts. My skill set aligns seamlessly with the objectives of the Head of Marketing position. I am eager to apply my expertise in strategic planning and digital engagement to drive impactful campaigns that resonate with your brand's vision, and I look forward to discussing how my experience and insights can support your company's success. Thank you for considering my application, and I am hopeful for the opportunity to discuss collaboration in person.

If you're looking for more inspiration, check out this comprehensive database of 1300+ cover letter examples .

6. Sign-off

A professional sign-off sets the tone for how your cover letter is received. It's the equivalent of the final handshake after a successful meeting—it should convey respect and formality. 

Here's how you can ensure your sign-off strengthens your application:

• Choose the right closing : "Sincerely," "Best regards," and "Kind regards" are safe and professional options. If the company culture is more casual, "Best" or "Warm regards" may be suitable.
• Include your full name : Your sign-off should always include your full name to ensure clarity and formality. If you've established a personal connection with the hiring manager, adding a handwritten signature above your typed name can add a personal touch.
• Professional contact details : Beneath your name, include your professional contact details, such as your phone number and email address, and LinkedIn profile URL to facilitate easy follow-up.

The best way to write a cover letter 

Again, if writing a cover letter is your least favorite part of the job application, you’re not alone. It can be difficult to take all the bullet-point information from a resume and turn that into a single page of compelling and persuasive text. 

From getting the cover letter format just right to writing the actual information, it’s not an easy task. 

That’s why, with a tool like Teal’s cover letter generator , there’s simply no excuse for not having a personalized cover letter with each application. 

Simply build your resume, and with the click of a button, you can have a polished and personalized cover letter in seconds. 

Sign up for Teal today to give it a try!

Frequently Asked Questions

How long should each section of a cover letter be to maintain the reader's interest, can i include bullet points in the body of my cover letter to highlight my achievements, is it necessary to address the cover letter to a specific person, and what if i can't find a name.

Nathan Thompson

Related articles.

How to Add Relevant Coursework on a Resume [Examples + Tips]

LazyApply Reviews: Ratings & User Feedback [+ Alternative]

Resume Worksheet: Downloadable PDF & How-To Guide

How Teal Helped Travis Realize He Was Looking for the Wrong Job (and Find the Right One)

We help you find the career dream..

• IMC Library
• Library Guides

Career Planning and Advice Program

• Application Letter
• Analyse a Job Ad
• Selection Criteria
• Psychometric Assessments
• Interview Preparation
• Video Interview
• NSW Law Society
• Alternative Legal Careers

Free Australian Resume Template

What is an application letter?

Also known as a cover letter, an application letter is a summary of your strongest and most relevant skills and abilities that will be expanded in your resume or selection criteria. It introduces you to potential employers and highlights your suitability for the position you are applying for.

All written applications should include an application letter. In many cases, your application letter is just as important as your resume. It is unlikely that your resume will be read if your application letter doesn't make a good first impression.

The Dos and Don'ts

What to include

At the top ↑ :

At the bottom ↓ :

An application letter can be structured into 3 parts:

Introduction

The beginning of your application letter should include:

The body of the application letter is where you 'sell yourself. It should address the key requirements stated in the job ad, describing how you have the required qualifications, knowledge, skills and experience.

Identify keywords, phrases and skills mentioned in the ad and focus on emphasising your strengths in these areas. It isn't necessary to include everything mentioned in the job ad. Instead, focus on three to five of the most important elements.

Points to remember:

• Keep to one theme per paragraph and support your claims with examples.
• Write persuasively
• Explain why you are interested in the position or working for the company / organisation
• State the value you will bring to the position
• Identify how your achievements and skills qualify you for the role

At the end of the letter:

Sample Cover Letter

Mailing address

Telephone number(s)

Email address

Today's date

Your addressee's name

Professional title

Organisation name

Dear Mr/Ms [last name],

RE: Application for [job role], reference number [number]

Start your application letter with a statement that establishes a connection with your reader. Briefly say what job you are applying for and where you saw the job advertisement.

The mid-section of your application letter should include short paragraphs that make relevant points about how your qualifications and skills make you a good fit for the position. You should not summarise your resume. You may include bullet points here. Choose some qualifications, skills and experience that really target the position you are applying for. Do not go overboard and save information for the interview.

Your concluding paragraph should instigate the reader to contact you for an interview. Refer to any attachments added to your application. Show appreciation for consideration and say thank you.

Yours sincerely, 

(Include your contact details here if you do not add them at the top of the letter)

Further Support

Below are some useful links providing further support with:

They also include example cover letters. Please note, it is important to use examples as a guide only. DO NOT copy the examples and use them as your own.

• What is a Cover Letter? Useful advice and tips from seek.com.
• Cover Letters - The Good and The Bad A few simple tips from seek.com to help you get your cover letter noticed.
• Cover Letters - Monash University More advice about format and content of a cover letter, as well as industry specific examples.

Additional Resource

Featured Resources

• << Previous: Resume
• Next: Selection Criteria >>
• Last Updated: Jun 16, 2022 9:36 PM
• URL: https://top-au.libguides.com/career-support

Copyright © 2019 Australian National Institute of Management and Commerce (IMC) Registered Higher Education Provider TEQSA PRV12059 | CRICOS 02491D Top Education Group Ltd ACN 098 139 176 trading as Australian National Institute of Management and Commerce (IMC) All content is subject to change.

• Career Blog

Writing a Winning Job Application Letter: Tips and Examples

A job application letter, also known as a cover letter, is a formal letter that accompanies your resume and introduces you to a potential employer. The purpose of a job application letter is to highlight your qualifications, experience, and skills that make you the perfect candidate for the job. It also helps employers understand your personality, work ethic, and how you plan to contribute to their organization.

Importance of Customization

One of the key factors that can make or break your job application letter is how well you customize it to the specific job you are applying for. Employers want to see that you have taken the time to research their company and understand what they are looking for in a candidate. Customizing your letter also shows that you are genuinely interested in the job and that you are willing to put in the extra effort to stand out from other applicants.

Brief Overview of Key Sections

While job application letters can vary slightly depending on the job and industry, they typically contain four key sections:

Introduction: This section should include a brief introduction, the job you are applying for, and how you found out about it.

Qualifications: In this section, you should discuss your qualifications and experience that make you a good fit for the job. Be sure to tailor this section to the specific job requirements to show that you have the skills they are looking for.

Skills: Here, you should highlight your relevant skills and how they apply to the job. Use examples from your past experiences to demonstrate your proficiency in each skill.

Closing: The closing paragraph should thank the employer for considering your application and provide contact information for them to reach you.

In this article, we will dive into each of these sections in more detail and provide tips and examples to help you write a winning job application letter.

Understand the Job Requirements

To write a winning job application letter, it is important to thoroughly understand the job requirements. This involves analyzing the job description and understanding the needs of the employer, as well as tailoring your letter to attract the specific employer.

A. Analyzing the Job Description

The job description provides you with valuable information about the position you are applying for. It outlines the required skills, qualifications, and responsibilities of the job. By analyzing the job description, you can determine if the role is a good fit for your experience and qualifications.

When analyzing the job description, it is important to pay attention to key phrases and requirements mentioned. These can give you insight into the priorities of the employer and allow you to tailor your application to meet those priorities.

B. Understanding the Needs of the Employer

To write a winning job application letter, it is also essential to understand the needs of the employer. This means researching the company and the industry to get a better understanding of the company culture, mission, and values. It also means understanding the desired outcome of the position and how you can address the employer’s needs.

One way to convey your understanding of the employer’s needs is to highlight relevant accomplishments in your application letter. By showing how you have successfully addressed similar challenges in the past, you can demonstrate your potential value to the employer.

C. Tailoring the Letter to Attract Specific Employer

Finally, to write a winning job application letter, it is important to tailor your letter to attract the specific employer. This means using language and examples that relate to the specific company and its values. It also means customizing your application letter to the specific job and its requirements.

To tailor your letter, take the time to research the company and its values. This can involve reviewing their website, social media, and other online resources. By addressing the specific needs and values of the employer, you can show that you are invested in the position and the company.

To write a winning job application letter, it is important to understand the job requirements, analyze the job description, understand the needs of the employer, and tailor the letter to attract the specific employer. By doing so, you can craft an application that stands out from the competition and showcases your value as a candidate.

Research the Company and Industry

Before writing your job application letter, it’s important to research the company and industry thoroughly to increase your chances of writing a winning letter. Here are three key areas to focus on:

A. Understanding the Mission, Vision, and Values of the Company

Make sure you take the time to research the company’s mission, vision, and values. This will help you understand the company’s goals and the qualities they look for in employees. You can find this information on the company’s website, social media pages or company annual report.

Incorporate the values and mission statement of the company into your job application letter. This highlights your alignment with the company culture, and how your beliefs and goals match that of the organization’s.

B. Identifying the Company’s Competition

Once you have an understanding of the company, you need to identify the company’s competition. Knowing who the competitors are can help you understand the industry as well as the company’s market share position.

List the company’s competitors in your job application letter and briefly explain how you see the company’s strengths overcoming the competitors’ weaknesses.

C. Industry Trends and How to Address Them

The final area to focus on when researching the company and industry is identifying current industry trends and how these trends may impact the company’s future. Use reputable sources to gather trends and predictions about the industry. This will also show the recruiter that you are not only familiar with their industry, but are engaging in informed discussion and contributing to innovative solutions.

Incorporate industry trends into your job application letter and showcase the ideas and innovations you bring, how leveraging them can enhance the company’s position and how you can contribute to any current and future challenges, for which the potential employer has yet to find a solution.

By researching and incorporating the above areas into your job application letter, you demonstrate a genuine interest in the organization and showcase clear understanding, innovative thought and how your expertise can improve the company’s performance.

Know Your Strengths and Skills

When writing a job application letter, it’s crucial to understand your unique selling proposition, relevant experience, and transferrable skills. This information will help you stand out from the other applicants and potentially land the job of your dreams.

A. Identifying Your Unique Selling Proposition

Your unique selling proposition (USP) is what sets you apart from the other candidates. It could be a specific skill, experience or personality trait that aligns with the company’s values and job requirements. Start by analyzing the job description and researching the company culture to identify what makes you an ideal candidate for the role.

Once you have identified your USP, use it as the main selling point in your job application letter. Highlight your strengths and skills and explain how they align with the job requirements and the company’s values. This will show the hiring manager that you are not just another candidate, but someone who has something valuable to offer.

B. Highlighting Your Relevant Experience and Accomplishments

Your work experience and achievements are essential in demonstrating your abilities and suitability for the job. When crafting your job application letter, focus on highlighting your relevant experience and accomplishments. Use specific examples to demonstrate how you have contributed in previous roles and how those skills could be applied to the new role you are applying for.

Be sure to use metrics whenever possible as numbers are a great way to showcase your achievements. For example, if you were able to increase sales revenue by 20% in your previous role, mention it in your letter. This will give the hiring manager a clear understanding of your capabilities and how they align with the job requirements.

C. Understanding How to Leverage Transferrable Skills

Transferrable skills are those abilities that you have gained from your previous experiences that are not necessarily related to the job you are applying for. They can be valuable in demonstrating your adaptability and ability to learn quickly.

When discussing your transferrable skills in your job application letter, highlight how they could be applied to the new role you are applying for. For example, if you have strong communication skills, explain how you could use that to effectively collaborate with team members and clients.

By understanding and leveraging your unique selling proposition, relevant experience and accomplishments, and transferrable skills, you can write a job application letter that stands out from the crowd. Remember to tailor your letter to the job requirements and company culture to increase your chances of success.

Address Gaps in Your Resume or Experience

When applying for a job, it’s important to consider any gaps in your resume or experience that might be a red flag for hiring managers. Addressing these gaps upfront can demonstrate your accountability and willingness to take ownership of your shortcomings.

A. Taking ownership of failings

If you have gaps in your work history or experience, don’t try to hide or make excuses for them. Instead, take ownership of any failings and show that you’re actively working to improve yourself. This could involve taking courses, pursuing certifications, or volunteering in relevant areas to gain hands-on experience.

B. Finding a workaround for unfilled requirements

Sometimes a job posting requires specific qualifications or experience that you don’t have. In these cases, it’s important to find a workaround that demonstrates your ability to still meet the employer’s needs. This could involve highlighting related experience or transferable skills that could compensate for the missing requirement. Alternatively, it might involve offering to take on additional training or work with a mentor to acquire the missing knowledge.

C. Highlighting transferable skills to counter an irrelevant job background

When applying for a job in a new industry or field, it’s common to have a background that might not seem directly relevant. However, this doesn’t necessarily mean you’re unqualified for the role. By highlighting transferable skills, such as leadership, problem-solving, or communication, you can demonstrate your ability to adapt to new situations and learn quickly.

Addressing gaps in your resume or experience is an important aspect of writing a winning job application letter. By taking ownership of your failings, finding workarounds for unfilled requirements, and highlighting transferable skills, you can position yourself as a strong candidate and increase your chances of landing the job you want.

Crafting an Attention-grabbing Opening Paragraph

In the competitive job market, first impressions matter. The opening paragraph of your job application letter is your opportunity to make a positive and lasting impression on potential employers. In this section, we’ll explore the importance of crafting an attention-grabbing opening paragraph and provide tips and examples on how to do so.

A. Importance of First Impressions

Studies show that it takes less than 30 seconds for a recruiter or hiring manager to form an initial impression of a job candidate. This means that your opening paragraph is a critical component of your job application letter. Your goal is to capture the employer’s interest and convince them to continue reading.

B. Creative and Engaging Opening Lines

One effective way to capture the employer’s attention is by starting your letter with a creative and engaging opening line. This can be a quote, a personal story, a relevant statistic, or a bold statement. The key is to be authentic and genuine while still standing out from other applicants.

C. Strategies for Catching the Employer’s Attention

Beyond the opening line, there are several strategies you can use to further capture the employer’s attention. These include highlighting relevant skills and experience, demonstrating enthusiasm for the position and company, and connecting your qualifications to the job requirements.

By following these tips and examples, you can craft an attention-grabbing opening paragraph that sets you apart from the competition and piques the employer’s interest.

Highlighting Your Accomplishments

When it comes to writing a winning job application letter, highlighting your accomplishments is crucial. This allows potential employers to see the proven results that you can bring to their organization. Here are a few tips on how to effectively highlight your accomplishments:

A. Demonstrating Achievements in Previous Roles

One of the most effective ways to demonstrate your achievements is by highlighting your accomplishments in your previous roles. This shows that you have a track record of success and can bring that success to your next job. When highlighting your achievements, make sure to focus on results, not just responsibilities. Instead of stating that you managed a team, highlight the specific results that you achieved as a team leader.

For example, instead of saying, “Managed a team of 10 employees,” you could say, “Led a team of 10 employees to achieve a 25% increase in sales within the first quarter.” This shows the impact you had in your previous role and gives potential employers an idea of what you can achieve in their organization.

B. Using Data to Support Accomplishments

Using data to support your accomplishments is a powerful way to illustrate the impact you had in your previous roles. This could include data such as sales figures, customer satisfaction ratings, or employee retention rates. When using data, make sure to include specific numbers and percentages.

For example, instead of saying, “Improved customer satisfaction,” you could say, “Increased customer satisfaction ratings by 15% through implementing a new customer service training program.” This demonstrates the impact you had on the organization and the value you can bring to a potential employer.

C. Highlighting Relevant Certifications and Awards

Another way to highlight your accomplishments is by showcasing any relevant certifications or awards you have received. This shows that you have taken the time to invest in your professional development and have been recognized for your achievements.

When highlighting certifications and awards, make sure to explain why they are relevant to the job you are applying for. For example, if you are applying for a marketing position, highlighting your Google Analytics certification would be relevant as it demonstrates your analytics skills.

Highlighting your accomplishments is a crucial part of writing a winning job application letter. By demonstrating your achievements in previous roles, using data to support your accomplishments, and highlighting relevant certifications and awards, you can show potential employers the value you can bring to their organization.

Showcasing Your Writing Skills

When it comes to writing a winning job application letter, showcasing your exceptional writing skills is crucial to increase your chances of getting hired. Employers often look for applicants who have a way with words, can express themselves clearly, and can craft compelling content that leaves a lasting impression. Here are several ways to showcase your writing skills:

A. Highlighting experience in writing

One of the most effective ways to showcase your writing skills is to highlight your experience as a writer. This can include previous work experience in writing-related fields such as journalism, marketing, or content creation. If you have a writing degree, mention it. You can also share published articles or blog posts that you have written to demonstrate your skills in action. Highlighting relevant experience shows that you have the skills needed to excel in the role you are applying for.

B. Incorporating keywords

Incorporating keywords relevant to the job posting can also help showcase your writing skills. Employers often use applicant tracking systems (ATS) to scan resumes and cover letters for specific keywords related to the position. By including these keywords, you can increase your chances of getting past the initial screening process and showcase your understanding of industry-specific language.

C. Proper grammar, spelling, and tone

Finally, it’s essential to ensure that your writing exhibits proper grammar, spelling, and tone. Errors in these areas can undercut the impact of your application letter and send the wrong message to your potential employer. Take the time to proofread your cover letter and resume carefully, and have someone else review them too. Double-check for proper punctuation, spelling errors, and that your tone fits the professional context.

Showcasing your writing skills is critical when applying for jobs, particularly those that require excellent communication skills. Highlighting relevant experience, incorporating keywords, and ensuring proper grammar, spelling, and tone are strategies that can help set you apart from other applicants and make a lasting impression on potential employers.

Using Power Words and Phrases

When writing a job application letter, it is essential to use powerful words and phrases that can help you stand out from the crowd. Here are some tips to help you select the right words:

A. Selecting Strong Action Words

Action words can help demonstrate your skills and experience effectively. Use verbs that showcase your achievements and contributions to your previous roles. For instance, rather than saying you “assisted” your team, use words such as “led,” “managed,” or “initiated” to emphasize your role in driving projects and initiatives forward.

B. Avoiding Common Clichés and Buzzwords

Although buzzwords and clichés may seem tempting, they could potentially undermine the impact of your letter. Instead of using cookie-cutter phrases like “I am a team player,” try to use specific examples to illustrate your ability to work collaboratively. Also, avoid jargon that may not be familiar to the reader and opt for straightforward language that can be easily understood.

C. Crafting Impactful and Persuasive Sentences

To make your letter more impactful and persuasive, use language that emphasizes your strengths and accomplishments. Start sentences with action words and focus on the results you have achieved. Also, be specific and illustrate your points with concrete examples that demonstrate your value to the prospective employer.

When writing your job application letter, make sure to choose powerful words that demonstrate your expertise and experience effectively. Avoid using clichés and buzzwords and instead focus on crafting persuasive and impactful sentences that showcase your strengths and contributions. By following these principles, you can create a compelling letter that increases your chances of landing the job you want.

Formatting and Presentation of Your Job Application Letter

When it comes to writing a winning job application letter, the presentation and formatting of the letter are just as important as the content. Here are some tips to ensure your letter looks professional and polished:

A. Ensure consistency in formatting

Make sure your letter has a consistent format throughout. This means using the same font and font size for the entire letter. Also, ensure that the margins and spacing are consistent from beginning to end.

B. Proper use of fonts, margins, and spacing

Use a standard font like Times New Roman or Arial, in a legible size (such as 11pt or 12pt). Be sure to use proper spacing between paragraphs and section headers. It’s important to have enough white space to make the letter easy to read, but not so much that it takes up unnecessary space.

C. Guidelines on length of the letter

Longer letters can seem rambling and may deter the hiring manager from reading the whole thing. Focus on the most important points and make them clear and succinct. Remember, your goal is to make a strong case for yourself as a candidate, not overwhelm the reader with information.

By following these tips, you can ensure that your job application letter looks professional, polished, and focused on what matters most – your qualifications for the job.

Sample Job Application Letter

Writing a winning job application letter is important if you’re looking to impress the hiring manager and land your dream job. In this section of the article, we’ll walk through a sample job application letter, analyze its strong points, and provide strategies to improve it.

A. Walk Through a Sample Job Application Letter

Dear Hiring Manager,

I am writing to express my interest in the position of Marketing Manager at ABC Company, as advertised on [job board]. With over [number] years of experience in the marketing industry, I believe I have the skills and knowledge to succeed in this role and make a significant contribution to your team.

During my time at XYZ Company, I was responsible for developing and executing successful marketing campaigns that exceeded client expectations and resulted in increased ROI. My experience in digital marketing, social media management, and content creation have prepared me well for this role. I am highly adaptable, and I have a proven track record of implementing innovative strategies to achieve business objectives.

In addition, I am a strong communicator and collaborator, and I work well in cross-functional teams. I am confident that my skills and experience make me a strong candidate for the role of Marketing Manager at ABC Company.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further.

Sincerely, [Your Name]

B. Analyzing the Strong Points in the Letter

The sample job application letter has several strong points:

• The candidate clearly expresses their interest in the position and summarizes their skills and experience in the marketing industry.
• The letter highlights the candidate’s successful track record in executing marketing campaigns and achieving business objectives.
• The candidate demonstrates their adaptability and ability to implement innovative strategies.
• The letter emphasizes the candidate’s communication and collaboration skills.

C. Strategies to Improve the Letter

To improve the sample job application letter, consider the following strategies:

• Start with a strong opening sentence that grabs the hiring manager’s attention, such as a personal anecdote or a statement about the company’s mission.
• Use specific examples of your achievements and accomplishments to demonstrate your value to the company.
• Customize your letter to the specific job and company by conducting research and referencing relevant company initiatives or values.
• Show enthusiasm and a willingness to learn by expressing interest in the company’s future projects or goals.

By implementing these strategies, you can enhance your job application letter and increase your chances of landing an interview with your dream company.

Writing a winning job application letter requires attention to detail, strong communication skills, and a clear understanding of the hiring company’s needs and values. By following these tips and analyzing examples such as the one above, you can take your job application letter to the next level and stand out from the competition.

Related Articles

• The Easiest Part-Time Jobs: Maximizing Your Income in 2023
• Information Technology (IT) Cover Letter: Samples & Tips
• Package Handler Resume: Winning Examples for 2023
• 10 Photographer Resume Examples That Secured Jobs in 2023
• The Business Resume Guide: 10+ Samples & Examples for 2023

Rate this article

0 / 5. Reviews: 0

More from ResumeHead

Redirect Notice

Advice on application sections.

Find writing advice on specific narrative attachments and sections of your grant application.

While the How to Apply – Application Guide and the funding opportunity are your key references for attachment requirements, you may find the following suggestions helpful.

This page lists the Research Plan or Program Plan attachments first, then others. However, you should draft your application in the order that makes the most sense for your project and organization. 

Research or Program Plan Attachments

Your funding opportunity notice specifies which you must prepare:

• A Research Plan includes Specific Aims and a Research Strategy .
• A Research Training Program Plan includes a Program Plan . (No Specific Aims or Research Strategy.)

Many other attachments described below are common to both the Research Plan and the Program Plan. As always, check your funding opportunity and the How to Apply – Application Guide instructions to confirm which forms and attachments are required for your particular project.

Introduction to Application

Write an Introduction to Application attachment for resubmission applications, revision applications, or if the funding opportunity specifies that you need one. An introduction is not allowed for new or renewal applications.

Find guidance and requirements for Resubmission Applications and Competing Revisions , including what information to include in the introduction.

Specific Aims

Most applications need Specific Aims. (Some training funding opportunities will instruct you to complete a Program Plan instead.)

We encourage you to draft your Specific Aims early in your planning and writing process. Ask your mentors and trusted colleagues to review your draft Aims for clarity. Their feedback now can save you from extensive revisions later.

Craft your Specific Aims to encapsulate your specific hypothesis-based goals and expected outcomes.

• The ideal Aims will collectively answer your overall scientific question and address interesting and significant issues in your field.
• When possible, plan Aims where an outcome consistent with the null hypothesis will still contribute to your field and allow your project to continue.

Because the Specific Aims attachment is limited to one page in length:

• We recommend that your Aims focus on your project goals, anticipated outcomes, and the resulting overall impact on your field.
• You can mention major experiments. However, we advise against merely describing your experiments as Specific Aims. You will detail the experiments and their relation to your Aims in the Research Strategy attachment instead.

The typical research project grant (R01) applicant proposes about three related Specific Aims that can be completed during a four- or five-year grant. To choose the appropriate quantity and scope of Specific Aims for your unique project, ask yourself: How much can you reasonably achieve within the timeframe of your award? Do your Aims seem likely to break significant new ground in your field?

Research Strategy

The Research Strategy is the largest scientific narrative section of most applications. (Some training funding opportunities will instruct you to complete a Program Plan instead.)

Organize Your Research Strategy

To organize your Research Strategy, start with the instructions in the How to Apply – Application Guide and your funding opportunity notice. Typically, your Research Strategy follows this structure:

• 1. Significance
• 2. Innovation
• 3. Approach
• Preliminary Studies (for new applications) or a Progress Report (for renewals and competing revisions). You can add this information as a subsection of Approach or integrate it into the other main sections above. Either way, label it with a clear subheader or bolding.

Consider these ideas to plan and present your Research Strategy's structure:

• Create an outline to track your structure, then use it as a checklist when you draft.
• Your Research Strategy could also include an overview outline to help your peer reviewers.
• Use subheaders, bold running heads, and/or a section numbering scheme. These approaches can enhance readability and guide your peer reviewers.

Tips on Research Strategy Content

A strong Research Strategy is the heart of your application. Describe your proposed project, its significance, and how you will conduct your research.

As you draft and finalize your Research Strategy content, we advise:

• Learn what to include in your Significance, Innovation, and Approach sections and how they differ. The How to Apply – Application Guide provides extensive guidance on what to cover in each section.
• Describe how your project reflects principles of scientific rigor, reproducibility, and transparency. Find application resources and guidance on Enhancing Reproducibility through Rigor and Transparency .
• Consider including Tables, Charts, and Figures . They can help you summarize data, clarify key elements of your research, illustrate the flow of your planned experiments, and boost visual interest.
• If your project proposes Human Subjects or Clinical Trial research, do not duplicate information from the PHS Human Subjects and Clinical Trials Information form in your Research Strategy. In your Research Strategy discussions, we encourage you to refer readers to the Human Subjects and Clinical Trials Information form for further details.
• Include key images and a brief description in your Research Strategy. Do not link to or embed the video itself.
• You must also provide a Cover Letter attachment that explains your intent to submit a video after you apply.

You should also track related information as you write and revise your Strategy. For example:

• While drafting your experiments, take note of related expenses for your Budget and Budget Justification .
• When you need to cite, add the full reference to your Bibliography & References Cited attachment.

Remember that only some of your peer reviewers will be familiar with your specialized field and techniques. Your Research Strategy must be clear enough to convince all reviewers. Find more advice on this aspect at Your Reviewers Are Your Primary Audience .

For more Research Strategy advice, check the NIH All About Grants Podcast: Considerations for Developing a Research Plan .

Program Plan

Training opportunities often require a research training Program Plan. As you design your training program and draft the Program Plan attachment, consider the following:

• How will your program offer a coherent, cogent learning curriculum and training experiences for people at this level of education?
• Does your program description emphasize the strengths and advantages for trainees?
• How well does your program fit the goals described in the funding opportunity?
• Who are the mentors in your program? Do they have a commitment to mentoring future researchers, plus relevant skills to teach?
• Do you have access to a diverse pool of potential trainees? How will you recruit and match trainees with appropriate mentors?
• Does your organization have a strong commitment to the program?

Human, Clinical, Animal, and Select Agent Research

For certain areas of science, you must include additional related information in your application. Find advice and guidance:

• Human subjects. Go to Human Subjects Research for NIH’s definition of human subjects, how assurances and institutional review boards (IRBs) work, certificates of confidentiality, inclusion, and more.
• Clinical trials. The Clinical Trial Requirements website covers NIH’s definition of clinical trials, review criteria, registration and reporting requirements, good clinical practices, the Human Subjects and Clinical Trial Information Form, informed consent, protocol templates, and other related information.
• Human embryonic stem cells or human fetal tissue. Refer to NIH Stem Cell Information , the Guidelines for Human Stem Cell Research , and NIH Grants Policy Statement 4.1.14 Human Fetal Tissue Research .
• Vertebrate animals. If your research will involve animals, go to the NIH Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW) for policy guidance, advice, examples, tutorials, a Worksheet for Applications Involving Animals , and more resources.
• Select agents. A select agent is a biological agent or toxin that has the potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety, animal or plant health, or animal or plant products. Go to NIH Select Agent Information for guidance and resources.

Team Attachments

If your application includes multiple PD/PIs or any consortium/contractual arrangements, finalize your agreements and plans with those individuals and organizations.

For applications with Multiple Principal Investigators , write and attach a Multiple PD/PI Leadership Plan.

• We encourage you to provide a strong scientific rationale to justify the multiple PD/PI approach.
• Describe your leadership team’s organizational structure and procedures for conflict resolution.
• You could also describe how you will share data among PD/PIs, collaborate on publications, and allocate resources.

If relevant, write an attachment that summarizes your Consortium/Contractual Arrangements. Include associated costs or rates. If another organization will execute a significant proportion of the project activities, we strongly advise you to provide a solid explanation of why your organization should be the grant recipient.

Find more advice in the NIH All About Grants Podcast: Assembling the Right Team . Now that your agreements are final, the PD/PIs and involved organizations can complete their Letters of Support.

Letters of Support, Reference Letters, and Other Letters

Arrange for any letters required for your funding opportunity and as stated in the official instructions.

Letters of Support are typically required:

• Your organization, team, and any consortium/contractual individuals or organizations write these to document their role and commitment to your project. Include the rate or price for any contracted services.
• Include the letters of support in your application.
• Make sure the letter details align with what you state elsewhere, e.g., in your Research Strategy and Budget.

Reference Letters are required for fellowships, mentored career development awards, and a few other programs.

• Do not include these letters in your application. Your referees must provide these reference letters directly to NIH by the due date.
• Follow instructions on the main Reference Letters page and in your funding opportunity notice.
• Learn more in the September 2019 Extramural Nexus article “ Reference Letters vs. Letters of Support: What’s the Difference ?”

An optional Letter of Intent is requested in some funding opportunity notices.

• This letter is not required, binding, or considered during peer review.
• A letter of intent helps NIH staff estimate the potential review workload and recruit reviewers with the expertise needed to review your application.

A Cover Letter is typically optional. You must include a cover letter in scenarios specified in the application instructions or your funding opportunity notice. Learn more in the Cover Letter and PHS Assignment Request Form section below.

You may need to provide additional letters in your application or Just-in-Time before award. Some possible examples:

• A certification letter to state your eligibility or qualifications for the award.
• For institutional training grants, a letter that describes the organization's commitment to ensuring that proper policies, procedures, and oversight are in place to prevent discriminatory harassment and other discriminatory practices.
• For small business, additional certification letter(s).

Resource Sharing and Other Plans

Figure out Which Sharing Policies Apply to My Research , then summarize your sharing plans in the following attachments.

In the Resource Sharing Plans attachment, describe how you plan to share model organisms and/or research tools.

• If you are not providing a plan for an organism that would normally require sharing, include a justification.
• Find guidance and sample plans for sharing Model Organisms and Research Tools .

In the Other Plans attachment, describe your Data Management and Sharing (DMS) Plan for scientific data and/or Genomic Data .

• Find guidance on Writing a DMS Plan , including sample DMS plans, an optional format page, recommended elements to include, and more.
• You may request funds in your budget to prepare, document, and archive data. Learn more in the DMS Frequently Asked Questions .

For full details and additional resources, go to the main Scientific Data Sharing website. You should also follow NIH Institute and Center Data Sharing Policies and any related requirements in your funding opportunity.

Very few items are allowed as appendix material. We strongly advise you to check your opportunity and the application instructions to confirm what is—and is not—allowed. If you add disallowed materials to the Appendix, NIH must withdraw your application as non-compliant.

Budget and Budget Justification

Crafting your budget can be time consuming. We advise:

• Check your funding opportunity to confirm what type of budget is required.
• Understand the various components of the budget, working with your organization’s Office of Sponsored Research and department administrator.
• Contact the financial/grants management contacts listed in your funding opportunity if you have questions on allowability and other budget topics.

For some NIH policies (e.g., Data Management and Sharing ), you may need to explain associated costs in your Budget Justification.

If you wish to budget $500,000 or more in direct costs for any year of your project:

• You must request prior approval from NIH institute, center, or office (ICO) program staff at least six weeks before your anticipated due date. Provide the ICO’s approval information in the Cover Letter attachment of your application.
• Find details in NIH Grants Policy Statement (GPS) 2.3.7.2 Requirements for Submitting Unsolicited Applications Requesting $500,000 or More in Direct Costs .

Biographical Sketches

You must include eRA Commons credentials and biographical sketches for the project directors/principal investigators (PD/PIs) and all other individuals named on the R&R Senior/Key Person Profile Form.

Refer to the main Biosketch Format Pages, Instructions, and Samples website for guidance.

We also advise you to create a SciENcv: Science Experts Network Curriculum Vitae professional profile to help complete your Biographical Sketch.

Do not include current and pending support (other support) information in your application unless otherwise specified in the funding opportunity. Instead, you will submit this information when NIH staff request it Just-in-Time before award. Refer to Other Support Format Pages, Instructions, and Samples for more detail.

Project Summary/Abstract and Project Narrative

If your award is funded, NIH will share your Project Summary/Abstract and Project Narrative through RePORTER . Do not include any information that is proprietary, confidential, or a description of past accomplishments in these sections.

Write each attachment to reflect its distinct purpose:

• Your Project Summary/Abstract helps the public understand the value of NIH-funded research. We advise you to write this attachment at a level that would be informative to others working in the same or related fields and understandable to a science-literate reader.
• Your Project Narrative communicates your project’s public health relevance. We advise you to use plain language that would be understandable by a general audience.

For plain language advice and examples, check Communicating Research Intent and Value in NIH Applications .

Bibliography & References Cited

Create a bibliography that captures any references you cite in the Research Plan, Human Subjects and Clinical Trials Information Form, Career Development Award Supplemental Form, Research Training Program Form, and Fellowship Supplemental Form.

When you create your bibliography, we advise:

• List the names of authors in the same sequence in which they appear in the publication. You may use the “et al.” convention.
• Follow scholarly practices, providing citations for the source materials you use when preparing the plans and forms listed above.
• Do not use hyperlinks in this section unless specified in the funding opportunity.

Consider creating an account in the NIH National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) My NCBI system:

• Save your article searches and PubMed citations.
• Use SciENcv to create a professional profile and populate your application’s Biographical Sketch section.
• My Bibliography manages article compliance with the NIH Public Access Policy.

Facilities & Other Resources

NIH staff and peer reviewers use the Facilities & Other Resources information to assess the capability of the organizational resources and scientific environment available for your project.

• Identify the facilities and resources to be used (e.g., laboratory, animal, computer, office, and clinical).
• As appropriate, indicate the facility or resource capacities, pertinent capabilities, relative proximity, and extent of availability to the project.
• Describe how the scientific environment contributes to the probability of success (e.g., institutional support, physical resources, and intellectual rapport).
• Describe only those facilities and resources that are directly applicable to your proposed work.

Plan for Enhancing Diverse Perspectives (PEDP) 

Some funding opportunity notices require you to include a Plan for Enhancing Diverse Perspectives (PEDP) attachment in the Other Project Information form. 

When applicable, the PEDP is a summary of actionable strategies to advance the scientific merit of the proposed project through diverse perspectives. Find example strategies and learn how the PEDP will be reviewed on the Plan for Enhancing Diverse Perspectives (PEDP) page.

Cover Letter and PHS Assignment Request Form

The Cover Letter and the PHS Assignment Request Form both allow you to convey information to the Division of Receipt and Referral (DRR) in NIH’s Center for Scientific Review. Only NIH staff with a need to know will have access to these documents; your peer reviewers will not.

The Cover Letter is optional in most cases.

• You must include a cover letter for a late application, to document NIH preapprovals, if you plan to submit a Video after you apply, and other scenarios listed in the How to Apply – Application Guide instructions.
• Your funding opportunity notice may include special instructions for a cover letter.
• For advice, check the NIH All About Grants Podcast – Cover Letters and Their Appropriate Use .

Use the optional PHS Assignment Request Form to:

• Choose from most relevant participating ICOs listed in your funding opportunity notice.
• Find advice on how to Find a Fit for Your Research: NIH ICOs .
• Use the NIH Scientific Review Group (SRG) Roster Index and the list of Study Sections .
• Take advantage of the Assisted Referral Tool (ART) and Matchmaker .
• List potential peer reviewers who may have a conflict of interest. Explain why NIH should not consider them to review your application.

If you use the Assignment Request Form, NIH DRR staff will consider your requests. They may still assign your application differently based on NIH’s referral guidelines or funding opportunity specifics.

Once you are sure that your application is ready, complete any other final steps that your organization requires. Let the appropriate staff in your organization’s Office of Sponsored Programs know it is time to finalize and Submit .

Upcoming Events

• Format Attachments
• Page Limits  
• Annotated Form Sets
• General Grant Writing Tips

Check online guidance and direct your questions to staff in your organization's sponsored programs office. If you still need assistance, find NIH contacts at Need Help?