topics to research about globalization

266 Globalization Essay Topics & Globalization Research Topics

Welcome to our list of globalization topics and essay ideas! Here, you will find plenty of current topics about globalization trends, benefits, and challenges. But that’s not all of it! In addition to topic ideas, you will also find examples of research papers and globalization essays. Check them out below!

🔝 Top 7 Globalization Topics for Research

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• Apple Inc. Affected by Globalization and Technology
• The Effects of Globalization to Employment and International Trade
• Evaluating Cultural Dimensions of Globalization
• Globalization’ Positive and Negative Effects
• Impacts of Globalization on the Developing Countries
• Globalization Impact on Sustainable Agriculture
• Globalization and Its Impact on Society
• Communication Technology and Globalization Growth in communication networks brought out by information technology witnessed a stream of expansion of products and ideas breaking geographic boundaries.
• Apple Inc.’s Globalization Strategy and International Trade This paper will discuss Apple’s globalization strategy, global actions advocated for by this company, and how it facilitates international trade.
• Contemporary Globalization and Its Impact As Shakespeare predicted a long time ago, the world is shrinking into a small global scene where everyone has a role to play.
• Is Globalization a Threat or an Opportunity to Developing Countries? The topic on the effects of globalization has generated a lot of debate in trying to analyze its contribution to either the success or failure of some aspects of economies.
• Globalization Impacts on Trade and Employment Globalization refers to the integration of the world markets. It facilitates smooth movement of goods and people from one country to another.
• The Effects of Globalization on Sports For many people in the world, globalization is the revolution of the future. Conversely, this is not true as globalization exists in the present day.
• Globalization and Corporate Social Responsibility The topic chosen for this research is globalization and corporate social responsibility because it is a unique and novel concept for transnational businesses.
• Globalization in Media: Pros and Cons Globalization in the media sphere is influenced by changes in political and cultural spheres bringing new economic opportunities and financial capitals to media giants.
• The Impact of Globalization on World Politics Globalization as the process that creates preconditions for the eventual emergence of World Government, which will exercise an authority over planet’s natural and human resources.
• Globalization in Anthropological Perspective The anthropological perspective is a powerful model that guides scholars to analyze human diversity and empower individuals from different backgrounds.
• Globalization Advantages and Negative Cultural Impact This paper focuses on globalization. Drivers of the globalization agenda are multinationals corporations, international financial markets, and transnational agencies.
• The Impact of Technology on Globalization The paper states that advances in technology have contributed to the main forces behind globalization. Organizations are compelled to become global.
• The Advantages of Globalization Globalization is the process of growth and interconnection of world economies and cultures, which are aided by transport and trade.
• Ford Motor Company’s Globalization Strategy This paper assesses Bangladesh and Rwanda as the two potential countries for Ford to globalize its operations. They are among the best fast-growing economies.
• Impact of Globalization on Norms and Experiences around Gender Inequality is one of the most prolonged global debates that have refused to go away despite the great strides made through globalization
• Ways of Eating Around the World: Impact of Globalization Globalization is essentially to blame for the rapid rise in obesity and foodborne illness resulting from improved access to a diverse range of healthy foods.
• Impact of Globalization on Netflix Company Netflix made two significant strategic moves that led to its success. The company did not explore all the available markets at once but in phases.
• How Globalization Affects Governance? The process of globalization inevitably affects governance all over the world. In this paper, the peculiarities of the process of affecting governance by globalization will be addressed in detail.
• Globalization and Diversity in TEDx Talk Shows This paper examines TEDx talk shows that discuss diversity and globalization issues and how globalization can reduce poverty levels in developing economies.
• Dell Business Model: Globalization & Corporate Strategy The Dell Computer company research and development department is mandated with the task of advising the company on the nature of products it should manufacture.
• Effects of Globalization: The Case of LuLu Group Int To summarize this paper, globalization is an unstoppable interstate integration process, leading to the erasure of national boundaries and the formation of a single cultural layer
• The Impact of Globalization on Immigration Control Globalization is one of the key factors that influence immigration. The effects are extensive to the extent of complicating the efforts of controlling immigration.
• Bauman’s Concept of Globalization in Understanding the Rise in Human Displacement This paper discusses the concept of globalization as viewed by Bauman, assesses the concept of increasing numbers of refugees, asylum seekers, and economic migrants in the world.
• Impact of Globalization on Australia Globalization has enhanced the quality of life in Australia due to the fact that foreign investors are allowed to open up ventures in the country.
• Ethics and Globalization in Business A business will only manage to keep up its reputation if it recognizes the established business ethics in its environment. Every firm must follow to the letter the code of conduct.
• Globalization and Cultural Hybridization Globalization affects all spheres of human activity starting from education, policy, management, and ending with art, culture, etc.
• Americanization Is Not a Synonym for Globalization Globalization is the process of international integration, whereas Americanization means the influence of American culture on other countries’ cultural development.
• Coca-Cola Company’s Strategy & Globalization Issues Multinational corporations are increasing day by day and they are usually criticized because of issues like environmental stability, sustainability etc.
• Globalization Affecting the Role of Leaders in Organizations Globalization is influencing leadership because of the way it affects society through its processes. It has caused changes in the political, social, and economical aspects.
• Globalization and Its Ethical Implications The paper states that the negative implications of globalization result in ethical dilemmas as people with diverse backgrounds participate in world development.
• The Impact of Globalization Discussing globalization objectively in its entirety is a challenging endeavor, since it touches upon almost every aspect of the modern world, and its influences differ from one region to the other.
• Social Media Impact on Globalization Among the many drivers of globalization, the advancement of digital social media platforms has been one of the most influential.
• Importance of Globalization on International Business Globalization is very important in that it promotes worldwide growth as well as promotes peaceful coexistence globally through understanding.
• Why Youth and Community Workers Should Understand Globalization?
• What Has Been the Effect of Globalization on Terrorism?
• Who Are the Main Losers in the Process of Globalization?
• Why Is Customer Service Needed in the Globalization of Logistics?
• Why Resisting Globalization Can Be Reasonable?
• Why Are the Critics So Convinced That Globalization Is Bad for the Poor?
• What Would Our Nation Do Without Globalization and International Trade?
• What Are the Costs and Benefits of Globalization?
• Why Globalization Manufacturing Since the 1980s Has Changed Labor Relations?
• Why Did General Motors fail to Compete With Globalization?
• What Are the Challenges of International Development in the Age of Globalization?
• What Impact Does Globalization Have On E-commerce?
• Does Globalization Benefit Both Developed and Developing Countries?
• What the Public Should Know About Globalization and the World Trade Organization?
• What Are the Positive and Negative Effects of Globalization?
• Why Did Germany’s Hidden Champions Succeed in Globalization?
• Who Benefits From Globalization of Labor?
• Does Economic Globalization Affect Interstate Military?
• What Does the Globalization of Drug Trade Benefit?
• Why Does Globalization Generate Winners and Losers?
• Globalization and Human Resource Policies and Practices The current paper aims to discuss the concept of globalizing HR policies and the potential positive and negative outcomes of this process.
• Pros and Cons of Globalization The advantages of globalization outweigh the disadvantages. The concept has enhanced the rapid developments of impoverished nations.
• Globalization’s Role for Developing Countries: Zambia In this paper, the results of globalization and its positive and negative consequences are discussed through the case of Zambia and the condition of its economy.
• Coca – Cola: Business Strategy and Globalization The presence of the globalization phenomenon in the Company’s strategy can be proven by its effective presence in more then two hundred countries around the world.
• Globalization and Health A planned urban society has access to safe and clean drinking water with appropriate sanitation and waste removal mechanisms.
• “The Globalization of Eating Disorders” by Susan Bordo This paper analyzes the text of an article written in 2002 by Susan Bordo, an American professor, and philosopher, whose works are marked by several prestigious awards.
• Peru – Globalization, Environment, Crime and Disease The paper synthesizes a number of legitimate sources to focus on globalization and its effects on Peru with special relation to environmental issues, crime, and diseases.
• The Impact of Racism on Globalization Racism is a great impediment to globalization, the bad blood between the said people of color and those of no color has dealt a big blow to development.
• Regional Integration Inconsistency with Globalization With the term of Globalization being in vogue and regional integration agreements being signed across the globe, the coalition of the concepts has been questioned.
• Globalization: More Positive Effects Than Negative Ones Globalization refers to the “increasing interconnectedness of people and places through the converging process of economic, political and cultural change.”
• Globalization of Video Games and Its Influence in the Society The research paper describes the positive impact of gaming, such as reducing flashbacks from posttraumatic stress defects and chronic pain reduction.
• International Marketing – Impact of Globalization This paper seeks to identify the impact of globalization in international business and how companies can fully utilize the concept in order to attain their objectives
• “The Globalization of Markets” by Theodore Levitt In his article “The Globalization of Markets,” Theodore Levitt anticipated the effects of globalization and advancement in technology to international business.
• Globalization and Democratization Relationship This paper explores the existing relationship between democracy and globalization. It focuses on democratization, globalization and their imperativeness.
• Globalization’s Impact on International Marketing Strategies International marketing strategies are influenced by globalization. The operations of multinational firms are shaped by the confrontation between standardization and adaptation.
• Netflix’s Globalization in Brazil The modern world has become more connected due to globalization and multinational dependence on areas that support socioeconomic development.
• Impact of New Technologies and Globalization on Literature The issue of globalization’s effect on the development of different countries has always been rather controversial.
• Globalization: Managing Across Cultures Managing across culture is a product of globalization, that expatriate from a foreign culture moves to a totally new culture and is required to manage people from diverse cultures and backgrounds.
• Outsourcing and Globalization as Driving Force The major driving forces behind outsourcing include the force of globalization, cost of production, labor issues, and the problem of unionization.
• Globalization Influence on Product Development This essay presents a critical analysis of the marketing strategies as they apply to the international marketing efforts of firms in the context of globalization.
• Relationship Between Urbanization, Globalization, and People The relationship between urbanization, globalization, and people is one of the most interesting and provocative topics in many discussions.
• Total Quality Management: Impact of Globalization on Quality There are several ways to ensure that information technology (IT) has been implemented into a business process with respects to Total Quality Management (TQM).
• Globalization in Modern Business Along with the development of technology, communication, and transportation, it becomes easier for companies to expand the scope of their operations and enter new markets.
• Globalization of the SK-II Brand SK-II Brand has been said to concentrate on its core business through innovation, expanding penetration in developing countries and restructuring its existing business.
• Globalization’s Impact on Education Globalization will likely diversify educational opportunities while diminishing the competitive advantages of weaker educational systems.
• Globalization as a Phenomenon and Its Impacts Globalization is a phenomenon, which has been made possible due to the development of communication technologies and multifaceted relationships among countries.
• Economic Globalization and Daily Life The stated factors belong to the concept of economic globalization, which implies the process through which states and corporations expand to the global scale.
• The Globalization of Walmart Back in the 1990s, Walmart planned to conquer nations with large populations and growing purchasing power: Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil, and China.
• Globalization Theories in the Business Environment The paper elaborates on the neo-classical, Marxist and structuralist perspectives on globalization before closing with the most concurrent theorem out of the three perspectives.
• Globalization and the Social Interest of Workers The paper sets out to demonstrate that globalization is not in the social interest of low-wage workers in developing nations and factory workers in the developed countries.
• Globalization Essence by M. Steger and N. Bisley Globalization: A very short introduction by Manfred Steger and Rethinking globalization by Nick Bisley define the necessity to treat the globalization and consider its complexity.
• Globalization and Technology Impacts on Ethics The evaluation will center on analyzing how technology and globalization have contributed to the spread of poverty in third-world nations, violated individuals’ rights to privacy.
• The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Globalization The fourth industrial revolution has made it possible for countries and manufacturing companies to produce and stabilize their economies.
• Issues in the International Politics: Globalization Globalization in the international political system is considered to be centralized due to its impact on external links and close connection with political structures and mechanisms
• Leadership and Globalization in the US and Japan Leadership is a social influence in which a person can motivate or influence others and acquire their support in order to work together and accomplish a certain task.
• Globalization and Education – Economic, Political and Cultural Dimensions The surge in Information technology usage, increasing interest in the Internet, and global communication have melted the country’s borders in terms of education availability.
• Economic Globalization: The Role of Geography Globalization is by no means a modern phenomenon closely connected with the geographical structure of the world and location of a particular country.
• Human Resources Management and How It Is Affected by Globalization and Technology? HRM functions have been widely affected by the changing trends around the world: various parts of the world are integrating, newer technologies and better concepts are evolving.
• Globalization in a Global Economy World economies and societies have come together to work as a global economy by having common means of transportation, communication, and marketing.
• Globalization’s Role in Improving Women’s Rights On the one hand, globalization unites people and makes them follow the same standards or use similar opportunities.
• Air Transport and Its Benefits for Globalization With excellent transportation systems, the world is exposed to better trading in terms of exports and imports of goods and services.
• Globalization and National Security Issues International security researchers have taken side of the big debate, with some arguing that globalization has indeed contributed to national and international security.
• Globalization Effect on Small and Medium Size Business This section will introduce the paper based on the concept that globalization and development of SMEs may not be separated from each other.
• Leadership in the Context of Globalization This paper aims to outline the issue of leadership in the context of globalization, conduct a GAP analysis, offer recommendations for developing necessary leadership competencies.
• The Impact of Globalization on Labor Market and Trade Globalization is the process that refers to the coming together of the international markets. This report examines the impacts of globalization on trade and employment.
• Impact of Globalization on Gender Norms and Experiences The contemporary world is characterized by economic, social, cultural, and political integration of both men and women across all spheres.
• Globalization and Cultural Diversity in the Workplace Cultural diversity should be incorporated into the company’s policies combined with teaching workers this fundamental issue in the business environment.
• China’s Aviation Industry: Impact of Globalization This paper investigates the impact of globalization on China’s aviation industry. The report covers a wide range of topics, including history, global treaties, and critical forces.
• History of Globalization and World Integration The process of globalization is often viewed as an exclusively modern phenomenon that has arisen due to the development of multinational corporations.
• Reflection of “Globalization of Missions” Article The “Globalization of Missions: An Exegesis on the Great Commission” article is the author’s call for making proselytizing more aware of non-Western cultures.
• Globalization, Its Defenders and Critics Globalization is an ambiguous process with its advantages and disadvantages. It is impossible without significant changes in the ordinary life of people.
• Evaluation of the Meaning and Impact of Globalization in Relation to Criminal Justice The globalization process has a significant impact on criminal justice. Globalization has led to increased interdependence among various economies.
• Economic Globalization and Labour Rights The comprehensive study investigates the impact of economic globalization on labour rights in developing countries.
• Motivation and Globalization in Multinational Companies Motivation in the case of globalization becomes a burning issue of multinational companies as they should establish the most appropriate way to motivate their employees.
• Globalization Negative Effects on Canadian Labour Union Globalization is directly and indirectly affected labor unions in Canada. Positive effect was in form of developing the country’s economy and creating job opportunities to Canadian citizens.
• Globalization and Its Pros and Cons It is hard to disagree that there is probably nothing universally positive or negative in this world. Everything has a price.
• Globalization: Impact on Modern Society Globalization contributes to establishing relationships between individuals, independent social objects, and phenomena, embracing all spheres of people’s lives.
• Free Trade as a Fundamental Principle of Modern Globalization Free trade has become critical in the globalized world by expanding diversity of not just goods, but technology and workforce.
• Role of Globalization in Asian Market Globalization has created international markets for organizations. It has the potential to transform what it means for a company work and thrive in a foreign market.
• Globalization and Its Impact on Firms Countless changes have occurred as a result of globalization, and firms have to adjust to these changes. Globalization is not all positive for organizations and countries.
• Qualitative Threshold: Globalization and Communication Technologies Globalization is a long-term phenomenon involving a gradual change of events. This process has occurred in distinct phases with each having unique characteristics.
• Globalization vs. Traditions in Eastern Culture Because of the increasing pace of globalization, the cultures of different states mix up, thus, blurring the distinctions between the East and the West.
• Singapore Globalization: Criterias and Ranks Singapore is the most globalized country in the world in 2009. It is open to trade; has capital and labor movements, cultural integration; exchanges technology and ideas.
• The Social Media Impact on Globalization This paper explains the impact of media on globalization and how it has affected businesses. Many people are currently using social media to run business organizations.
• John Deere Company in View of Globalization John Deere is one of the most successful agricultural machinery companies in the world today. In 1963, the company became the world’s largest manufacturer.
• Globalization and Health Systems in India This research paper examines the effects of globalization on India’s healthcare system. It explores various areas such as healthcare delivery, acquisition, financing, and ethics.
• Globalization and Transformative Process Drivers This paper will discuss the meaning of globalization and the factors contributing to the global transformation process.
• International Organizations Role in Globalization Process The representatives of international organizations have a common agenda: turning the world into a “global village” and prompting the world’s population to think of neoLiberalism.
• Asian Film Industry Globalization Before 1997, most of the East Asian film industry was purely based within the region and marred with little success. Two political and economic events that year marked a turning point for this industry.
• International Economy. Oakley’s Globalization Theory In “International Political Economy,” Thomas Oakley discusses globalization, its drivers, and its effects on various actors in the international scene.
• Geographical Conditions’ Affect of Globalization The scholars of the 20th century conceptualized this idea, by creating the North-South divide – a geographic line between the countries that signifies the division on wealthy and emerging nations
• Supply Chain Management in Globalization Era In the accelerating process of globalization, supply chain management is an integral part of most organizations which is essential to a company’s success.
• Globalization Concept and Its Impact on the State Globalization does not make the state redundant. On the contrary, it makes it important for the full exploitation of the opportunities that come as a result of international integration.
• Ethics in Reporting: Globalization and Media Ethics in reporting tends to distance itself from the manipulation of the media, which advocates for a well-organized and political dichotomization in media reportage.
• Hard Rock Café: E-Commerce and Globalization Hard Rock Café can utilize ICT and e-commerce models by hiring customer care executives working from home and submitting their work loads to the café’s head quarters.
• Globalization Impact on Trade and Employment One of the notable effects of globalization is heightened trade liberalization and opening up of global labor markets.
• Millenium Development Goals and Globalization The major objective of Development Goals is to foster the positive development of the world in the new century, thus making human lives better.
• The Globalization Index and Singapore as the Leading State This paper discusses the Globalization Index and what challenges the United States or any other developed country would face if it attempted to replace Singapore in the top spot.
• Modern Imperialism and Economic Globalization This paper discusses how does the study of modern imperialism help us to understand why some former colonies fear economic globalization today.
• Globalization and Indigenous Communities in Canada In Canada, indigenous people feel both the austerities of environmental and cultural destruction and the potential for development.
• Globalization and Geographic Information System Globalization is the process by which the globe becomes increasingly interconnected due to the exchange of commodities and services, information, knowledge, and cultural values.
• Interconnection of Globalization and Culture Despite serious issues, globalization has encouraged the funding of various initiatives in contemporary acts, contributing to the development of the market.
• Globalization and Christian Mission Globalization has changed the landscape of industrial and business environments, and religion was inevitably affected by it, as well.
• Food and Water Security as Globalization Issues Globalization has several implications for the business environment, among which are the expanded access to resources, and the interdependence of international companies.
• Geographical Diversification and Globalization With current terms of business operations between countries, it has been possible for businesses to diversify their market by venturing into other local and international markets.
• Process of Globalization and Nationalist Movements The transition between globalism and nationalism is frequently perceived as a threat to the government and its people.
• International Finance and Globalization The monetary authorities of a country can use monetary tools to keep the value of their currencies lower than the value which would have been set by the market forces.
• How Residents of Georgia Understand and React to Globalization In the case of the state of Georgia, the understanding and reaction to globalization focus on economic integration and social well-being.
• Capitalism, Climate Change, and Globalization Globalization allowed significant corporations to put a substantial strain on the environment in developing countries.
• The Positive and Negative Aspects of Globalization Globalization is the result of many socio-economic processes associated with the widespread use of information technology and new means of communication.
• The Dark Side of Globalization Buoyancy on the Bayou: Shrimpers Face the Rising Tide of Globalization by Jill Ann Harrison explores the effect of globalization on local worlds.
• Chinese Companies and Globalization Issues People are the driving force of a company; to unleash that force, the patrimonial approach should be changed to more liberal and liberating methods.
• “Globalization, Lifelong Learning and the Learning Society: Sociological Perspectives: 2” by Peter Jarvis The book by Peter Jarvis “Globalization, Lifelong Learning and the Learning Society: Sociological Perspectives: 2” is a research book with an overall perspective on the value of education.
• Globalization and Knowledge Management This paper outlines the knowledge management in the context of globalization and using personal experience with virtual learning.
• Religion, Globalization, and Language in China This research paper examines the problems of religion, globalization, and language from the Chinese perspective.
• Globalization and Use of Fossil Fuel as Environmental Threats Both the process of globalization and the burning of fossil fuels have been significant contributors to the deterioration of the environment’s health on a worldwide scale.
• Reshaping Globalization and Digital Media Over the decades, distinctive events and activities have contributed to the construction of the current global spectrum.
• Education Under Impact of Globalization The negative impact of globalization was the widening gap in access to education. Globalization has made English the main language of education, which can lead to discrimination.
• Globalization and Technological Development Technological development continues to facilitate globalization, with individuals from third-world countries coming to the forefront of the modern workforce.
• The Globalization Impact on Cultural Production Human culture is evolving in the context of globalization, as many states are no longer in colonial relationships. It leads to global hegemony and diminishing diversity.
• Addressing Global Inequality in the Era of Globalization While globalization has led to social, political, and economic increase, it has also given rise to global inequality, particularly through the exploitation of developing countries.
• Netflix: Globalization and Information Research In a three-stage expansion process, Netflix could make strategic decisions and establish effective policies in those markets
• Globalization: Impact on International Business With higher levels of globalization, the overall international business will be safer as there will be more suppliers and manufacturers on the market.
• Response to Globalization Pressure This paper aims to introduce a plan of action to ensure my continued employability as a professional in the sphere of international affairs.
• Globalization and its Impact on the World A phenomenon that gathered speed after World War II, globalization has tremendously impacted the international economy, society, and culture by enabling greater interconnectedness and cross-border exchange of people and ideas. Globalization is a complex phenomenon that has benefited developed countries economically while unfairly distributing wealth to underdeveloped nations and disenfranchising…
• The Globalization Impact on the US Foreign Policy The ability of the US to use its influence to alter international events is limited by globalization. America cannot deal with the issues brought on by globalization on its own.
• Effects of Colonialism and Globalization During the era of colonialism, colonies were perceived to be a major source of raw materials for the industries of the developed nations.
• Globalization Challenges in Developing Countries and Japan The participation of nations in global trade has several benefits, even though various problems impede countries from accessing global markets.
• Globalization and Democratic Peace Theory In the context of globalization, it is necessary to consider the theory of democratic peace, which recognizes democracy as the best form of government for society.
• Globalization: Climate Crisis and Capitalist Ideology One of the main features of the development of the world community in recent decades has been globalization as part of integration processes that are changing the world structure.
• Project Management Analysis and Globalization Technological supply chain management strategies and the development of dependable distribution systems in globalization are crucial components.
• The Phenomenon of Terrorism and Its Relation to Globalization This paper states that the phenomenon of terrorism is tightly connected to the concept of inequality of globalization.
• Globalization and Its Scale in the World Regardless of all opportunities provided by technological progress, the world remains less globalized than the majority of people expect.
• Globalization and Poverty: Trade Openness and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria Globalization can be defined as the process of interdependence on the global culture, economy, and population. It is brought about by cross-border trade.
• The Impact of Globalization on Business in India and the USA Since globalization started to affect the economy of the USA and India, it has had various positive and negative impacts on business.
• Impact of Progressive Globalization One of the key processes in the development of the world economy on the verge of the XX-XXI centuries is the progressive globalization.
• Globalization After World War I The emergence of the global economy corresponds to the aftermath of World War I, and the battle of governments and markets for control over the field brought unexpected results.
• Researching the Concept of Globalization The paper aims to analyze the global playing field and support it with arguments why it is considered to be level.
• Globalization: Beauty Sculpt for You Today society is filled with the obsession with promoting a self-image of beauty and perfection. Individuals take extreme measures to reach the goal of a flawless body.
• Ethnic Violence in the Era of Economic Globalization Economic globalization refers to the interdependence of the world’s financial giants due to increased technology and trade across the borders.
• Globalization Impact on Socioeconomic Inequality
• Solving Problems Through Globalization
• Globalization and Personal Identity Intersection
• Negative Sentiments Against Trade and Globalization
• Anthropocene and Its Role in Globalization
• Globalization Opportunities and Challenges for Companies
• Globalization Strategies for Multinational Enterprises
• Human Sense of Place in the Context of Globalization
• American Dominant Minority Relations and Impact of Globalization
• Hip Hop’s Globalization and Influence of Hip-Hop Music in Japan
• The Effects of Globalization on the Environment
• The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Globalization
• Wireless Industry and Globalization for US Economy
• Globalization: Arguments For and Against
• Global Poverty and Economic Globalization Relations
• “Globalization” by Peter Temin: Article Analysis
• Globalization Effect on Social Movements
• Globalization and Technology in Health Care
• Economics: The Impact of Globalization
• Globalization of Nursing: Infant Mortality Rate in the US and Other States
• Foreign Direct Investment: Globalization of Production
• Globalization: On the Importance of ICT & Transnational Corporations
• The Facets of Globalization in Internet Security
• Cultural Globalization as the Americanization of the World’s Cultures
• Globalization and American Productivity
• Globalization and Economic Inequality
• Globalization and Competition: The USA, Western Europe, Japan
• Tangible & Inevitable: Globalization as a Worldwide Phenomenon
• Pop Culture as a Potent Globalization Tool
• The Financial Crisis and Its Connection With Globalization
• The Effects of Globalization on Trade
• Why Globalization Causes Turbulence and Disruption
• Globalization of Healthcare in the US and Haiti
• Globalization and Related Environmental Issues
• Globalization and the Formation of New Claims
• Overcoming CSR Challenges in the Age of Globalization
• Present Day Resistance Historical Roots to the Trade Globalization
• Energy Crisis: The Processes of Globalization and the Unification
• Long-Term Impacts of the Chinese-American Trade War and Globalization of the World Economy
• Global Governance Institutions in Context of Globalization
• Leadership and Organizational Change: Diversity and Globalization
• Globalization and Career of University of East London’s Students
• Globalization: Impact and Consequences
• Globalization and Its Effects on World Economies
• “The Globalization of American Law” by R. D. Kelemen and E. C. Sibbitt
• Globalization and Immigration: Globalization Policies
• Education With Regard to Globalization Issues
• Whether Globalization Makes Consumer Powerless?
• World Is Flat: Globalization Effect
• Environment: Rapid Increasing in Industrialization and Globalization
• Ethics In The Business Globalization
• Contemporary Globalization Since 1914
• Survival of Minority Ethnic Groups in Globalization
• “Globalization, Poverty and Inequality” by Kaplinsky
• Globalization’s Impact on Banks in Canada
• Global Politics: Women’s Rights, Economy, Globalization
• TNCs Contribution to Globalization of Retail Industry
• Globalization and Cultural Difference of Societies
• Globalization, the Sex Trade and HIV-AIDS
• Media Production and Connections in Globalization
• China’s Impact on Globalization and International Security
• Three Areas of Concern for Committee on Globalization
• Moving Away From Globalization: Consequences
• Globalization and Russian Influence
• Market Globalization and Global Marketing Pitfalls
• “The Globalization of Markets” Book by Levitt
• American Popular Culture and Globalization Effects
• Chapters 2 and 9 of “Sociology of Globalization” by Smith
• Human Rights, Globalization and Economic Development
• Globalization Influences Discussed in TED Talks
• Education History and Globalization
• Globalization and Its Consequences: Economic Crossroads
• Germany’ Sovereignty in the Age of Globalization
• Globalization Effect on Developing Countries’ Business
• Identity Politics as a Response to Globalization
• Globalization and Cultural Knowledge of China
• The Pitfalls of Globalization
• Aspects of Globalization: Positive and Negative Effects
• Spiritual Perspectives on Globalization by Ira Rifkin
• Globalization and Its Benefits for the United States
• Globalization and Businesses in New Economies
• The Effect of Globalization in Economic Development
• Evaluating the Effects: Advantages of Globalization
• Child Labor Role in Westernization and Globalization
• Globalization Impacts on the United Nations Institution
• Globalization and Citizenship in EU

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This essay topic collection was updated on January 21, 2024 .

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129 Globalization Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

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Globalization is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that has had a profound impact on economies, cultures, and societies around the world. As such, it is a popular topic for essays in a variety of disciplines, from economics and political science to sociology and cultural studies. If you are looking for inspiration for your next globalization essay, here are 129 topic ideas and examples to get you started:

• The impact of globalization on economic growth in developing countries
• Globalization and income inequality
• The role of multinational corporations in driving globalization
• Globalization and the environment
• The effects of globalization on labor markets
• Globalization and cultural homogenization
• The rise of global supply chains
• The impact of globalization on urbanization
• Globalization and the spread of infectious diseases
• The relationship between globalization and democracy
• Globalization and the rise of populism
• The effects of globalization on traditional industries
• Globalization and the digital divide
• The role of globalization in shaping international trade agreements
• Globalization and the spread of consumer culture
• The impact of globalization on gender equality
• Globalization and social movements
• The effects of globalization on indigenous communities
• Globalization and the rise of global cities
• The role of globalization in shaping global governance structures
• Globalization and the refugee crisis
• The impact of globalization on healthcare systems
• Globalization and the rise of global media conglomerates
• The effects of globalization on education systems
• Globalization and the spread of global cuisine
• The role of globalization in shaping global migration patterns
• Globalization and the rise of global sporting events
• The impact of globalization on traditional cultural practices
• Globalization and the rise of global tourism
• The effects of globalization on global security
• Globalization and the spread of global pandemics
• The role of globalization in shaping global financial markets
• Globalization and the rise of global human rights movements
• The impact of globalization on global energy markets
• Globalization and the rise of global telecommunications networks
• The effects of globalization on global transportation systems
• Globalization and the spread of global languages
• The role of globalization in shaping global intellectual property laws
• Globalization and the rise of global technology companies
• The impact of globalization on global cultural heritage sites
• Globalization and the spread of global fashion trends
• The effects of globalization on global population growth
• Globalization and the rise of global environmental movements
• The role of globalization in shaping global labor standards
• Globalization and the impact on global natural resource management
• The impact of globalization on global food security
• Globalization and the spread of global health crises
• The effects of globalization on global education access
• Globalization and the rise of global social media platforms
• The role of globalization in shaping global legal systems
• Globalization and the impact on global cultural heritage preservation
• The impact of globalization on global internet access
• Globalization and the spread of global intellectual property theft
• The effects of globalization on global water resource management
• Globalization and the rise of global labor migration
• The role of globalization in shaping global agricultural production
• Globalization and the impact on global wildlife conservation
• The impact of globalization on global refugee resettlement
• Globalization and the spread of global climate change
• The effects of globalization on global transportation emissions
• Globalization and the rise of global human trafficking
• The role of globalization in shaping global energy consumption
• Globalization and the impact on global healthcare access
• The impact of globalization on global educational inequality
• Globalization and the spread of global internet censorship
• The effects of globalization on global natural disaster response
• Globalization and the rise of global poverty rates
• The role of globalization in shaping global gender equality laws
• Globalization and the impact on global child labor rates
• The impact of globalization on global human rights abuses
• Globalization and the spread of global political corruption
• The effects of globalization on global income inequality
• Globalization and the rise of global military interventions
• The role of globalization in shaping global public health policies
• Globalization and the impact on global cybersecurity threats
• The impact of globalization on global economic recessions
• Globalization and the spread of global political extremism
• The effects of globalization on global food insecurity
• Globalization and the rise of global energy shortages
• The role of globalization in shaping global water scarcity
• Globalization and the impact on global biodiversity loss

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620 Inspiring Globalization Essay Topics & Examples

Struggle with picking up the right topics for essay? In this article, you will find some useful writing tips, ideas, and globalization research questions for your paper.

Let’s dive in!

🌎 How to write an Outstanding Globalization Essay?

🏆 best globalization topics for essay, 👍 good essay questions about globalization, 🎓 simple & easy globalization research topics, 🥇 most interesting globalization topics for discussion, 💡 globalization topics for presentation, 📌 good research topics about globalization, ❓ globalization research questions.

Writing an essay on globalization is an interesting task that will require you to learn a lot of information about the issue.

Globalization affects all countries and their populations significantly, and it is vital to discuss its impact. You can study globalization from the perspective of many topics, such as politics, ecology, countries’ economies, and political sciences.

Globalization essay topics may include:

• Positive and negative effects of globalization
• The correlation between globalization and democratization: The perspective of developing countries
• The link between globalization and economics
• The effect of globalization on the world’s political realm
• The link between globalization and the development of technologies
• The significance of environmental awareness from the perspective of globalization
• Globalization and intelligence sharing
• Globalization essay: Advantages and disadvantages of globalization

Regardless of what issue you have selected, you should follow several simple rules while writing your paper. Here are some key points for writing outstanding globalization essays:

• To write an excellent paper, you should work on the globalization essay outline first. Think of how you want to structure your paper and remember that a good outline should help the reader to understand the information better.
• Search for the information that may be related to the problem you have selected. Remember to ask your professor about the types of sources you can use. As a general rule, students can always use peer-reviewed articles not more than five years old. However, do not forget to check credible websites to see if you can find useful information there.
• Remember not to include facts that you cannot support with evidence. This common mistake can make your essay look less credible.
• Checking out examples of essays online can help you to see how you can organize the information. This step is also important because it can help you to analyze the points other students have made in their essays.
• Include an introductory paragraph that will present the topic you have selected and outline the ideas you will discuss in the paper.
• Remember to present the definition of globalization. You should also discuss its effects even though your essay is focused on a different issue. It is important to help readers understand the significance of globalization and the problem you discuss.
• Do not focus on the information you have found during your preliminary research solely. It is important to state your personal opinion in the paper and support it with evidence. Avoid repeating the points mentioned in the literature without adding your commentary on them.
• Remember that an outstanding essay should be easy-to-understand. Avoid using unnecessary complex sentences, and define all terms that you want to include. Your goal should be not to show your knowledge but raise the audience’s awareness of the issue you are discussing.
• A globalization essay conclusion should include all of the important points you have made throughout the paper. You can also provide recommendations in this paragraph if necessary.
• Make sure that you use correct grammar and sentence structures in your essay. Grammatical mistakes may make the reader think that your opinion is not credible. It is better to check the essay several times before sending it to your professor.

Remember that you can check out our free samples and get the best grade for your works!

• Four Perspectives on Globalization This essay will explore four perspectives of globalization: the transformationalist perspective, the skeptical perspective, the hyperglobalist perspective, and the constructivist perspective. The perspectives on globalization include the transformationalist perspective, the skeptical perspective, the hyperglobalist perspective, […]
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization Essay The report suggests the ways governments and companies may implement to reduce the negative impact of the process as well. The disadvantages of globalization are that it causes the transfer of job from developed to […]
• IKEA Globalization Strategy Benefits and Limits Case Study This paper will cover the benefits of globalization that IKEA experienced, the importance of cross-cultural understanding, and the limits of the global market.
• Social Media and Globalization: Positive and Negative Effects Essay It will look at the advantages and disadvantages of globalization and the response of social media to the global phenomena. This paper sets out to expound on the many positive and negative impacts of the […]
• Tesla Globalization: A Strategic Marketing Plan + Expansion Strategy First, it is worth mentioning that, according to the company’s website, the mission of the business is to manufacture and promote a product that would allow for a more sustainable use of the natural environment.
• Globalization in Caribbean Countries: Advantages and Disadvantages While globalization has had an asymmetrical effect on the Caribbean’s economy, the detrimental influence of global integration on Caribbean culture is evident. In addition, the enhanced connection and collaboration with the world propelled the development […]
• Toyota Motor Corporation: Impacts of Globalization The impact of globalization, as a result of injection of foreign direct investment, on low-income countries has some benefits, for instance, there has been vivid economic growth in host counties as experienced in Mauritius and […]
• Effects of Globalization The second positive effect of globalization is that it promotes international trade and growth of wealth as a result of economic integration and free trade among countries.
• Samsung: Globalization Effects on Growth and Performance Samsung Electronics is such a giant electronics technology conglomeration that has taken advantage of globalisation and the dynamic advancement of technology to expand its business internationally. The pursuit of technology and globalisation has influenced various […]
• Globalization The fact that more western countries established more and more companies in the developing countries was expected to believed will help accelerate their profits by taking advantage of the available as a result of the […]
• McDonald’s Globalization Process and Its Brief History Paper The following year, 1968, saw the introduction of the Big Mac hamburger that would become the signature fast food meal of all McDonald restaurants around the world as well as the opening of the 1,000th […]
• Effects of Globalization in the UAE In this section, the positive and negative impacts of globalization in the UAE are discussed with examples mainly from the City of Dubai.
• The Negative Impacts of Globalization Noteworthy, environmental pollution, social and moral degradation, political manipulation, and exploitation of the poor population by the wealthy nations are some of the most evident impacts of globalization in the modern world.
• Thomas Friedman’s Three Eras of Globalization The discovery of new forms of communication led to the information revolution in the second era of globalization. According to Friedman, the world has become flat in the new era of globalization.
• Globalization as a positive factor The essay therefore explains the importance of globalization, the economic impact on individuals and countries and how the international security system has been affected as well as the factors that have supported the growth of […]
• British Trading Giant Tesco: Impact of Globalization That is why the research work presented to your attention is the study of one of the greatest companies dealing with the retail trade in the world British trading giant Tesco.
• Globalization and Food Culture Essay The interviewee gave the examples of France, America, and China in her description of how food can affect the culture of a place and vice versa.
• Financial Globalization Advantages & Disadvantages According to Bhagwati, globalization is the integration of countries’ economies, people, societies and their culture across the world through the spread of technology, networks of communication, trade and transportation.
• Globalization and Organizational Behavior in Company It is also challenging to regulate the ethical behavior of a culturally diverse organization and different government and legal systems in different countries to be in line with the corporate culture.
• Do the Benefits of Globalization Outweigh the Costs? Critics also argue that globalization has led to the spread of sweatshops and exploitation of workers from third world countries. However, critics of globalization argue that it has led to the erosion of national borders […]
• The Effect of Globalization on a World Culture The net result is a global culture; the effect and extent that global culture has gone in the world varied among nations and continents; developed countries have their culture more diffused and uniformity can be […]
• Globalization: Positive and Negative Effects On the one hand, globalization contributes to strengthening the world economy, appropriate resources allocation, the interaction between different countries, and the development of lagging countries due to access to up-to-date technology.
• Globalization Effects on Ford Motor Company This organization defines globalization as the process in which financial and investment markets of different counties become interconnected and interdependent due to the deregulation and erasure of national borders. In itself, the process of globalization […]
• Globalization Opportunities and Challenges The focus of the world culture theories is on the constriction of the world and increases the knowledge that depicts the world as a whole.
• Globalization and Environment Essay While this is the case, citizens equally have a role to play in addressing the issue of globalization and climate change.
• Concept of the Globalization’ Ideology The basic ideology of globalization is liberalization of trade and integration of free markets to enhance social, economic, and political stability across the world.
• Globalization of the English Language: One of the Most Widely Used Languages in the World English language is one of the most widely used languages in the whole world in spite of the fact that there are many languages.
• The Impact of Globalization on the International Hotel Industry International hotel industry can be discusses from the angle of domestic hotels that have the capacity of serving international customers or those multinational companies in the hotel industry which ever the approach, the effects of […]
• Capitalism and Globalization Effects However, according to an article by Anderson, in free market capitalism, initial wealth is created, which then spreads; it then leads to the social and political change due to the increase of power in the […]
• Tesco’s Globalisation Case Study Strengths Brand Awareness is the key strength of Tesco; The efficient and dynamic human resources are the key assets for the company; According to the annual report 2011, Tesco offers large product lines and services […]
• International Cooperation: Globalization and Its Impacts on China This scenario results in the abuse of the physical environment and the overuse of natural resources, especially in the manufacturing industry.
• The Impact of Globalization on Indigenous Communities As a way to attract more tourists, the Mexican government seeks to develop facilities in the indigenous areas to the appeal of the visitors.
• Globalization Impact on Starbucks Company The biggest challenge facing multinational companies in the contemporary times is the ability to respond to rapid changes in the market.
• Samsung Company’s Extent of Globalization In 1980, the organization invested in a research and development center that allowed it to diversify its products and explore foreign markets.
• Impact of Globalization on the Maasai Peoples` Culture This essay will therefore focus on the roles the aforementioned forces have played in changing the culture of the Maasai. Moreover, tourism has resulted in environmental degradation which is putting the Maasai on the brink […]
• “The Globalization of Markets” by Theodore Levitt The shifting understanding of trade in the 1980s affected the way companies approached the market: previously, the concept had been that companies should supply to customers what customers think they want and need; at the […]
• Problems of Globalization Process Many problems of the contemporary world, from poverty to environmental degradation, are casually linked to the process of globalization Globalisation refers to the increased awareness among nations of the world.
• How Changes in Technology Has Contributed Towards the Globalization of Markets and of Production The new developments have lead to a scenario of a free market where there are may buyers and sellers, complete knowledge of the products produced, and entry or exit of the market is on the […]
• How Globalization has affected Managerial Decision-making With globalization, a problem should be looked from the global perspective; that is how it has affected the current business in the domestic country and how it is likely to affect the company in other […]
• How Globalization Influence Health and Lifestyle As the processes of globalization are taking place they bring effects to the health and lifestyle around the world; this is because the processes have an impact on the health and lifestyle determinants.
• Globalization Positive and Negative Impacts People could not learn the subject of globalization the easy way until the outbreak of the World War I and II in the twentieth century.
• Positive and Negative Impacts of Globalization in Britain Britain has from time immemorial been the pacesetter for globalization due to the fact that it was among the first countries to achieve economic and political stability and was in a position to colonize other […]
• Political Globalization in India India became part of globalization after the economy of the country opened up to the rest of the world in the early 90s as a result of the financial crisis.
• Globalization and Identity As it was implied in the Introduction, one of the reasons why anti-Globalists adopted a strongly defined negative stance against Globalization, as the process which they believe accounts for the gradual destruction of people’s sense […]
• Globalization Effect on Mechanical Engineering in the U.S This paper will look at the reasons why the United States of America has been outsourcing mechanical engineering services and how this has changed the outlook of the Engineering degrees awarded in the state.
• Threats of Globalization on Culture of Individual Countries The world has become a “global village” this is due to the expansion of communication networks, the rapid information exchange and the lifting of barriers of visas and passports.
• Reflection on Global Issues: Globalization of the Environment The global conflicts, managing the post-pandemic world, and the need to navigate the social injustices to ensure equality for all are among the most pressing ones.
• The Globalization Influence on Dubai The three facets of globalization taken into account in this report are trade, movement of people, and capital movements and their effects on the people of Dubai because they often impact a region’s economy and […]
• Youth Culture and Globalization The focus is also on the relations that exist between the youth and the society, as well as the factors that shape youths identity in terms of culture.
• Globalization and Development Some of the environmental aspects that will determine the growth rate of globalization include the development of economic output, not forgetting encouragement of technological development. It is now clear that for development to take place […]
• The Effects of Globalization on Management and Engineering Finally, many countries will, in the interim, need to enact laws and regulations that protect the labor skills of their workers.
• Globalization Is Inevitable or Not? Living in a World With No Defined Borders According to an article that appeared in Globaleducation.com, although this international reliance and exchange has been there for quite some time now, the recent past has seen the escalation of these aspects, a phenomenon that […]
• Globalization: Theory and Practice Although the word global has been in existence for the last four hundred years, the term globalization is believed to have been coined in the early 1960s. In the late 19th century, advancements in freight […]
• Globalization and Its Key Drivers The news articles examine the issue of globalization drivers through the lens of the recent shock to the global economy with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent political, economic, and social consequences from global […]
• Globalization’s Benefits in Kazakhstan Kazakhstan contributes to the global economy, mainly through the oil industry; it is one of the tenth largest oil exporters in the world.
• Globalization and Its Challenges Many companies located in the developed countries shifted their facilities to developing countries. Thus, Rattner states that many people in developed countries lose as availability of workforce across the globe contributes greatly to the increase […]
• Political Consequences of Globalization Through the process of globalization, the integrity of the national territorial state as a more or less coherent political economy is eroded, and the functions of the state become reorganized to adjust domestic economic and […]
• The Impact of Globalization on Indigenous People One of the effects of globalization on indigenous peoples of Canada could be identified as signing of land surrender treaties. British government dispossessed most First Nations of their land and heritage during war invasions and […]
• Globalization: Not a Threat to Cultural Diversity It can therefore be authoritatively stated that globalization is not a threat to cultural diversity and may in fact result in diversification and/or more appreciation of local cultures.
• The Coca-Cola Management in the Technological Advances and Globalization In the Coca-Cola Company, the employees are entrusted with various roles to ensure the success of the company and the achievement of its goals and objectives.
• Globalization in business Thanks to globalization, there has been improvements in employee training and education in the fast food industry, as a result of the stiff competition in the industry.
• The Role of Globalization in Education and Knowledge The article is focused on the problem of the failure to distinguish between the notions globalization, globalism and cosmopolitanism that leads to the failure to consider the place of the current education in the modern […]
• The Implications of Globalization and Technology on Negotiation Globalization and technology include some of the elements of significance influence on the processes of negotiation. The effect of globalization on the formation and management of international climate change negotiations is also eminent.
• How Is Globalization Impacting Citizenship? Thus, the concept of citizenship under the new trend of globalization has led to a change in the concept of citizenship. Globalization has led to the decline of citizenship and the authority of the nation-state.
• Globalization Impacts on System’ Engineer Career A system engineer is now required to embrace the latest technology that is being offered and also be in touch with the technological changes in the world.
• Importance and Role of Leadership in Globalization Leadership can be considered to be the provision of a vision to the people whom one has authority over and pushing through the understanding of the vision and the achievement of its goals for the […]
• Effects of Internet and World Wide Web on Globalization Before trying to understand the effects of the World Wide Web and the Internet on globalization, it is worth explaining the meaning of the term globalization in order to get the clear picture of the […]
• Globalization and Digitalization The tools that are necessary in the technological exodus from the traditional mode to higher fashions have posed a challenge in the labor force in relation to the level of expertise.
• International Relations: Globalization and State Power In most cases, globalization means the extensive integration of multiple economies to the point where the significance of national or international networks declines allowing the emergence of national and global networks.
• Globalization’ Economic and Political Dimensions It is the political decisions of nation-states to remove trade barriers in order to promote international trade and facilitate transportation and communication, which leads to globalization.
• Effects of Globalization on Native Non-Western Cultural Practices In non-western cultures, the new products and ideas are seen as a welcome since they are promising to the future of the people.
• The Internet, Globalization and Network Society The embracing of the internet’s usage as a means of communication in the future will depend on the evolvement of people’s quality of online relationships and the amount of time people are bound to be […]
• Ecological Dimensions of Globalization Globalization refers to “the growing economic interdependence of countries through the increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services; international capital flows; and rapid and widespread diffusion of technology”.
• Globalization and Workforce Diversity A community should recognize diversity, ensure the accessibility of resources and uphold equity in the treatment of its constituent individuals with complete disregard of race, ethnicity, abilities and even sexual alignments.
• Globalization Effects on Food Industry, Trading, Education The major benefit enjoyed by the developing nations is the capability to import the raw materials from the industrially developed countries, to facilitate the production of goods required in the country.
• Delta Airlines Affected by Globalization and Technological Changes The rapid growth of national markets has increased the interest of many corporations to venture and offer their services in such places.
• The Main Drivers of Globalization: The Economic Scope In conclusion, it seems reasonable to claim that there are three primary drivers of the process of globalization that were discussed demography, technology, and political decisions.
• The Impact of Globalization in Malaysia The negative impact of the globalization process in 1997 was vocally criticized by Malaysia and marked it as a ‘betrayal’ by the western economies through the forces of the global market.
• Globalization and Increasing Competition in the World When we look at some of the businesses in the world that are on the forefront in the world of successful business, we find businesses such as the banking institutes, medical providing institutions, academic institutions, […]
• Flattening of the World: Globalization and Outsourcing The rate of affordability of the IT hardware and software on the other hand pushed the need for its adoption of the process and hence the realization of the economic gains that had become elusive.
• Current Trends in Globalization of Crime Hence, the major cause of the drugs smuggling routes over the U.S.-Mexico border is still the discrepancies between the U.S.and Mexican drug enforcing legislation as well as the lack of cross-border cooperation.
• Social Inequality, Capitalism, and Globalization It replaces slavery of antiquity and negatively affects almost all aspects of society, from the inequality of men and women to the sphere of science and education.
• What Is the Role of E-Commerce in Globalization? These are the advantages concerning the service providers; however, there are many characteristics of e-commerce that appeal to customers in saving their time and energy.
• Globalization and Its Contents in the Middle East The impediments to continued progress or globalization are protectionism, armed conflicts, environmental stress and demographic imbalances which have further hampered the progress of globalization and its benefits.
• The impact of Globalization on the China Despite many historical antecedents to our current understanding of growth in China and its causes, the current growth will be traced back to the early 1980s, as the ideological between the superpowers was concluding after […]
• Globalization and Food in Japan We have the McDonalds in the developed countries and it has influenced food market in Japan, so continued globalization will affect cultures in all countries in the world, including developing countries.
• Joseph Stiglitz’s Making Globalization Work Joseph Stiglitz’s book Making Globalization Work is the representation of the author’s opinion on the question of globalization in the context of the economic and political development of countries with determining globalization’s main challenges and […]
• The Hidden Face of Globalization Video Due to the unstructured international relationship between India and the US, the labor laws balance is threatened by sudden changes in the social systems of the Bangladesh society introduced by the foreign companies.
• “The Globalization Paradox: Democracy and the Future of the World Economy” by Rodrik, D The book focuses on the globalization trends and the competing interests of nationalism and internationalism. This is one of the aspects of paradox that the author of this book is talking about.
• Globalization, Its Effects and Theories Because of this division, capitalism is seen as contradicting in that understanding the two groups by determining the position and role of each of them play in the society led to class struggle theory.
• Effects of Technology and Globalization on Gender Identity The second section focuses on the effects of globalization and technological improvements on homosexuality in the 20th century. In the third section, the effects of technological advances and globalization on homosexuality in the 21st century […]
• Globalisation in the Construction Industry The globalization of construction industry provides the opportunity for the Australian companies to enter the international market and deliver the projects, for example, in the Middle East or Africa.
• Culture, Globalization and Intercultural Adaptation At the same time, I feel that the welcoming environment of the Canadian society encourages me to accept some of the local traditions and values as well, the idea of shared cultural knowledge and openness […]
• New Technologies and Globalization: Public Administration The continual growth and implementation of e-government and especially e-democracy has proven to be instrumental in governance in the current age.
• Globalization and Its Impact on Healthcare The solution to the problem is to rethink health service delivery policies and funding sectors. Globalization affects life expectancy; therefore, the healthcare system needs to be revised.
• Multinational Corporations and Globalization As there is increased usage of science and technology across the world, many businesses are thriving through the application of the innovations and therefore making them more efficient.
• Buddhism Spread as Globalization of Knowledge Modern Buddhism has been integrated as a key part of the globalization movement, and it explains why the faith has spread throughout different parts of the world.[3] The correlation between Buddhism and globalization stems from […]
• The Force of Globalization and Technology Globalization ensures that commodities, services, and people move without restraint around the globe in a manner that is smooth and interlocked.
• Globalization in Friedman’s “The World Is Flat” It is important to note from the onset that the video entails the contents of Thomas Friedman’ bestselling book titled “The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century” a publication of 2005.
• The Globalization of Markets The main theme identified in the article “The Globalization of Markets” is that business organizations should learn to operate as if the whole world was a single market.
• Globalization and Economic Integration Effects In 2006, the Abu Dhabi government initiated a number of reforms in the oil and gas sector. The company is based in Abu Dhabi and Singapore.
• Effects of Globalization on Sexuality In the article, the author argues that over time improvements in technology and globalization have had immense changes on sexuality especially in the developing world.
• P&G Company and Globalization Issues These issues are mainly concerned with the leadership of the company, the culture and the rationality of the decisions made by the company’s management.
• Relationship Between Modern Imperialism and Economic Globalization Modern imperialism also relates to economic globalization in that the European and Western powers emphasized on civilization, as they spread in most parts of the world; this ultimately led to economic globalization. Modern imperialism led […]
• Politics of Globalization in Taiwan According to Kwok, Taipei, the capital city and the largest city in Taiwan has become one of the global cities through the production of high technology and its components.
• Globalization or the Age of Transition However, when people understand globalization in the political and economic developments within the last century, it becomes clear that it has contributed to the spread of the long history of the capitalist world economy. On […]
• Business Ethics, Globalization and Sustainability Companies adhering to business ethics attract investors, thus boosting the economic growth of the business. It is the change of business boundaries from local to international.
• Science and Technology Impact on Globalization Globalization has by now laid down the phase for this epoch through making the world interrelated further and the tools of empowerment available to all.”To start with, Globalization refers to the trend toward countries joining […]
• Economic Globalization and its Limitations This scholar is of the view that in extension, the impacts that economic globalization has on various spheres of the society, ranging from economic to social, are also limited.
• “Globalization: A Very Short Introduction” by Manfred B. Steger: Chapter Review The demand for goods in the world market have positive and negative gains, it has lead to more customer sovereignty since a customer has a large access to goods and services from different parts of […]
• Globalization and Technological Advancements Globalization has accelerated technology dispersion and helped to reshape the innovation environment in various ways, including transportation issues. The internet, for instance, has lowered the boundaries of time and location in economic transactions.
• Is Globalization Reducing Poverty and Inequality? & How to Judge Globalism The article Is Globalization Reducing Poverty and Inequality by Robert Hunter Wade explores the phenomenon of globalization and its influence on the poverty and inequality ratios all over the world.
• Christianity and Globalization – Relationship By demonstrating the values behind each religion, globalization leads to greater understanding and tolerance of humanity’s leading religious traditions, one of which is Christianity.
• Globalization: Concept, Advantages and Disadvantages The lecture provokes the interest to the evaluation of the consequences of globalization. The accumulation of the first experience has started with watching the different documentary and feature movies about the global and cultural integration […]
• The University of West Indies, the Caribbean Identity, and the Globalization Agenda To answer the question of whether the University of West Indies can maintain the Caribbean identity and in its pursuit of globalization, the effects of globalization on identity need to be highlighted.
• Analysis of the Globalization of Cemex Globalization made CEMEX the third largest cement company in the world in terms of capacity and the largest in trading internationally.
• Can We Lose Our Identity Because of Globalization? To sum up, there are numerous benefits of globalization for the modern world, and I believe that people are flexible enough to allow for cultural exchange and cooperation without damaging their own cultural identity.
• The Dissemination of Knowledge: Globalization The aim of the course work is to gather theoretical data on the topic of dissemination of knowledge and analyze the links between globalization, free trade and dissemination of knowledge.
• How Globalization Is Seen in Turkey The effects of globalization started to take effects on the general society particularly in the early 1980s under the influence of the IMF conditionality.
• Globalization and Polarization Definition All over the world, the past two decades have led to changes in the various nations’ economic powers, political systems and technological advancements with the deepening of the international connections resulting to globalization.
• Self-Renewal & Globalization This is normally a developmental process in the life of that particular individual in the sense that he/she is out to look for what is good for himself or herself.
• Role of Food in Cultural Studies: Globalization and Exchange of Food Exchange of food is one of the types of interactions between cultures, it helps people with various backgrounds and up-bringing become more familiar with each other’s way of living, as a result the clash between […]
• Cultural Diversity in International Trade and International Business Management Through Globalization To promote diversity and equity in the workplace at all levels of management Managing diversity in a multicultural enterprise should start from the lowest level of an organization management and be reflected up to the […]
• Fashion and Gender: Globalization, Nation and Ethnicity Today, fashion is changing drastically to compose fashion trends, which is very relevant in the contemporary society as it’s reflected in the new colorful and stylish designs.
• Lifelong Learning is Necessarily Essential to Globalization A good example of this form of upgrading is learning computer related skills to integrate well with the current dynamic technological platforms.
• Globalization and Outsourcing The buyer organizations are seeking to obtain lower rates of legal impositions from the host governments and conditions of doing business in such countries.
• Globalization and Foreign Direct Investment: The A.T. Kearney Study In this article, Laudicina focuses on the trend the global economy has taken since the release of the Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index by A.T.
• Globalization: Impact, Recessionary Trends, and Clash of Interests Such trends in fact, resulted in preparing a segment of the society which could enjoy the benefits of the outsourcing, is able to extract a fat pay package and make the most of the outsourcing […]
• Globalization and Regulation: Balancing US Interests She believes difficulties the Americans are facing are genuine, and the economic inequality has only increased with the spread of globalization.
• Positive Impact of Globalization: Real-Life Example The aim of this essay is to give an example of the positive influence of globalization on the life of a person.
• Impacts of Globalization on Labor The globalization of labor leads to the availability of much-needed expert workers in an economy. The UAE is one of the best case studies of the positive and negative effects of labor globalization.
• The Meaning of Sustainability and Globalization Sustainability refers to meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, while globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness of the world’s economies, cultures, and populations.
• Humanity’s Collective Health Impacted by Globalization The strict control of borders and a self-centered foreign policy are outdated methods of dealing with global health disasters such as an epidemic or a pandemic.
• Protectionism in the Age of Globalization On the one hand, globalization erases many international boundaries to stabilize fair trade and cooperation, and protectionism is necessary to maintain the national identity and economic prosperity of each country separately.
• Globalization Impact on Energy Consumption: Article Critique Energy consumption will increase until a particular level of globalization is achieved and then starts to fall, according to the link between globalization and energy consumption over the long term. The inverted U-shaped link between […]
• How Globalization Forces Affect Quality of Life For example, globalization can boost the economy and raise living standards while posing risks to the economy’s health and the welfare of workers.
• Background About Globalization and Apple Products The fact that these children are supposed to be in school further highlights the gravity of the situation, as it endangers their health and prospects.
• Globalization: Deeply Rooted in The Present by Kenny The influence of globalization on culture and the problem of preserving cultural diversity is a phenomenon due to which the experience of everyday life, affecting the dissemination of goods and ideas, reflects the standardization of […]
• Globalization in the Environmental Sphere To date, the problem of globalization is relevant, and with it the question of the impact of globalization on the environmental sphere is also of great interest.
• Globalization: London as a Global City Globalization, as a set of processes through which the incorporation of the planet’s population into a single world community, the global community, gives a significant impetus to the development of the knowledge economy and the […]
• Globalization Influence on Australia’s Policies Australia’s economy is thriving, and people’s standard of living is higher since the country has the policy settings to benefit from the advantages of food security, human rights, and skilled migration.
• Globalization and the Dominance of Market-Centered Economic Strategies The main differences between liberal and coordinated market economies can be summed up as follows: in liberal market economies, hierarchies and competitive market structures coordinate the activities of businesses, whereas, in coordinated market economies, the […]
• Globalization in Education: The Gap in the Accessibility Globalization has significantly improved the quality of education: the exchange of knowledge between the countries has led to the teaching of empathy through the interpenetration of cultures.
• Impact of Globalization on the Bankruptcy in Detroit The rise and fall of Detroit are considered to be the rise and fall of the US auto industry. In any case, the current positive impact of globalization on the city is beyond discussion.
• For the Advantages of Globalization, the Pandemic Has Highlighted Its Drawbacks Thus, for instance, among the prominent negative aspects of globalization in the context of the international situation, it is essential to highlight the increase in unemployment and the decline of several industries, the monopolization of […]
• Globalization in Education Through Social Sciences Lens In this case, globalization in education will be analyzed using the lens of the social sciences, which focuses on how people act in their social environment, such as schools and universities.
• Globalization: Benefits and Challenges On the other hand, the netizens’ society also needs to understand globalization and how to interact respectfully. Therefore, it is vital to analyze and understand globalization to enhance the social interactions of people with varied […]
• The Globalization Impact on the European Region The increase in migration flows to Europe is one of the two most important demographic trends on par with the aging nation in the region. Thus, aspects of globalization such as migration, trade, and the […]
• Globalization and Development of Contemporary Cities The emphasis on sustainability and the associated changes, including the increased mobility of the city and the update of the infrastructure of the urban landscape, can also be considered some of the central elements of […]
• Globalization and Japanese Cultures This map is in that book and this course because of demonstrating the movement of goods and people across the world from Afrique to Patagonia and Nouvelle-Guinee.
• Transportation and Globalization in North America and Europe: Comparison In the United States, transportation is presently the second biggest energy consumer, and in Canada, it is major. It should also be noted that supply chain management in the United States has changed into a […]
• Globalization Debates and Pressures on Companies A global organisation that may have a significant impact on the economy and the administration of a state has also been effectively developed as a result of the growth of the MNC.
• Outsourcing and Globalization in Indian Society The bottom line of the video is that globalization took advantage of Indian labor market and created thousands of high-tech and call center jobs that contributed to the economic development of India.
• Globalization and Organizational Communication As such, the firms reduce the promotion and sales of ‘green’ products and address environmental issues on a larger scale that is related to the fuel use of planes. Situational leadership aims to modify a […]
• Globalization: Benefits and Drawbacks As the exchange of goods and services speeds around the world, globalization brings more innovations to our daily lives. The primary function of layout planning is to fill the space within a facility efficiently, considering […]
• Globalization in Business and SWOT Analysis In modern studies, SWOT analysis is a helpful tool to evaluate the main idea of the offered business and examine organizational internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats.
• Anti-Globalization Movement’s Goals and Power The movement works with the destruction of the legal status of “legal entities,” the disappearance of commercial fundamentalism liberated, and the necessary actions of economic privatization by the World Bank, the Foundation International Monetary Fund, […]
• Globalization and its Effect on Different Generations In the documentary film, Globalization is Good, directed by Charlotte Metcalf, the author argues the negativity of global capitalism’s impact on the world.
• Zapatismo, Globalization, and Neoliberalism The Zapatismo movement fights for the distribution of power within the public sector. The spreading of the ideas of power distribution and equality, the representatives of the movement, try to minimize the impact of neoliberalism […]
• Globalization from Theoretical Perspectives One of the major theories on perspectives of globalization is presented by Held and McGrew it is called “the theory of trans-formationalism”.
• Globalization, Politics, and Economic Reforms
• Globalization and Rapidly Developing Businesses
• Women’s Work and Impact of Globalization
• Japan After Globalization: Culture and Ethnocentrism
• The Development of Large Companies in the Era of Globalization
• Globalization, Immigration, and Class Division
• Globalization as Growth Driver for Society and Economy
• Modern Globalization in Business
• Nationalism in the Context of Globalization
• Aspects of Globalization Concept
• Economic Globalization: Positive and Negative Sides
• Globalization and Its Impact on Culture
• Blockchain Decentralized Systems and Intellectual Property Globalization
• Globalization in Latin America
• Climate Change as Systemic Risk of Globalization
• West African Maritime Trade and Globalization
• Analysis of Globalization and Inequality in “For Sama” Movie
• The Roman Empire: Globalization and Religious Power
• How Is Globalization Affecting Rates of Disease
• The Economic Aspects of Globalization
• Internet and Globalization Effects on Marketing
• Future of Globalization From Economic & Political Perspectives
• Globalization as an International Issue
• Significance of Globalization to Human Resource Management
• Is Globalization Responsible for Shaping the Global Crisis?
• Globalization and Humanitarian Development Across the Globe
• The First Wave of Globalization
• Globalization Consequences Overview
• Sociology and Globalization or Modernity
• Globalization and Its Effect on Minority Cultures in Tom O’Neill’s “Heart of Helambu”
• Market Globalization and Technological Advances
• Globalization. World Trade Organization
• Effect of Globalization on Businesses
• Strategic Marketing Plan for Globalization Move
• Globalization and Inequity in Global Maternal Mortality
• Tendencies That Were Caused by Globalization
• Globalization Influence on Career and Cultural Competence
• Globalization: Non-Western Countries; Nigeria and India
• Globalization: Good, Bad, and Ugly
• Educational Preparation of Nurses in the Globalization of Healthcare
• The Global Challenges for Ongko Furniture Brought Up by Globalization
• Globalization: The Case of Ongko Furniture
• Impact of Globalization and Neoliberalism on Crime and Criminal Justice
• The Era of Globalization in Canada: Employment Standards
• Nature of Health and Illness: Social Determinants and Globalization
• Healthcare System: Future Prospects in the Era of Globalization
• The Future of Global Crime: Globalization and Integration
• The Criminal Justice Funnel and Globalization
• Globalization and the Internet: Change of Organized Crime
• Technological Progress, Globalization, Feminism Roots
• Analysis of Globalization and Its Impact on Life: Medicine, Economics, Politics, Science
• The Impact of Globalization Today and Polarization of the World Economy
• Globalization’s Impact on Women in South Africa and Peru
• Consequences of Globalization on Society: Culture, Norms, and Moral Values
• Globalization: What Globalization Is and Its Impact
• World History: Globalization in the 1970s-2000s
• Globalization and Health Trends: Impact by Globalization Trends in All Aspects of Human Life
• Impact on Social-Economic Relations: Is Globalization Good or Bad?
• Globalization: The Transformation of Social Worlds
• The Influence of Modern Technologies and Globalization
• Globalization: The First Phase in 1840-1910
• “Globalization: Debunking the Myths” by Hebron & Stack
• “Globalization and American Power” by Kenneth Waltz
• Political Sciences. Globalization and Its Downside
• Globalization and Its Impact on the International Economy
• Globalization Emerged as an Outstanding Phenomenon
• Globalization and the Workings of the International Environment
• Stress at Work: Main Aspects, Globalization Influence
• Educational Change in Globalization Times by Yong Zhao
• Framing the Cultural Industries and Globalization
• School of Business IT and Logistics, Globalization and Business IT
• Globalization Phenomenon: Development and Social Change
• Cultural Diversity in the Media and Globalization
• International Political Scene: Globalization and Peace Relations
• Social Development: Globalization and Environmental Problems
• Weak Economy and Its Impact on Globalization
• Globalization on Younger Generations in the UAE
• Jihad vs. Mcworld Article: How Globalization Hinders Democracy
• The Process of Globalization: Impact on Business
• Globalization and Imperialism in the Third World
• Globalization in Eastern Europe: Foreign Investments and International Trade
• Effects of Globalization in the Contemporary Japanese Art
• Labor Relations in Canada: The Changes Due to Globalization
• Traditional Chinese Practices and Globalization
• History of Globalization: Past and Present
• Theodore Levitt: The Globalization of Markets
• Free Markets, Perfect Competition and Globalization
• Social and Economic Policy Program: Globalization, Growth, and Poverty
• Global Integration: Globalization Effects and Access to Funds
• Globalization a Dynamic Force in International Business
• World Dynamics: Globalization of Global Economies
• Contemporary Globalization Issues on Hospitality
• Asian & Chinese Organic Medicines in Globalization
• The State, Democracy and Globalization
• Globalization in Terms of Media and Cultures
• The History of the Music Industry and the Impact of the Advancement of Technology and Globalization
• Globalization & Moving Towards a Global Culture
• Globalization: Challenges and Relevance of the State System
• General Motors Company Analysis: Globalization and Foreign Operations
• Cities Without Cities: Globalization Process Perishable Outcomes
• State Sovereignty in the Globalization Process
• The Impact of Globalization Forces in India and the Philippines
• Joseph E. Stiglitz ”Globalization and Its Discontents”
• The Impact of Globalization on Education
• How Globalization & US Policies Impact Global Sex Workers
• Sociological and Economical Viewpoints of Globalization
• How the Globalization Can Be Achieved Nowadays?
• Will Globalization Help Thailand Improve Its Economy?
• Globalization and Its Economic Aims
• Globalization: Do Corporations Rule the World?
• Viability of the Globalization Process Necessarily Imply the Hegemony of a Great Power
• Different World Cultures and Globalization
• Influence That Globalization Has on the Manager’s Role
• Convergent and Divergent Impacts of Globalization on the World
• Globalization Features and Issues
• Financial Systems in the Era of Globalization
• Generation G: Globalization and Gaming
• Globalization in Asia: Sky of Love & Lust, Caution Films
• Gendered Cultural Identity and Globalization in Canada
• Business World and Globalization-Outsourcing
• The Future of Globalization: An Optimistic View
• Globalization Through the Ages
• Cross-Cultural Management: Globalization and Localization
• Globalization: ”A World on the Edge” by Amy Chua
• Globalization: Knowing Two Sides of Global Phenomenon
• Expatriate Adjustment and Globalization
• Globalization Effects Upon International and Domestic Affairs in Developed Countries
• Globalization: Conditions for Market Contraction
• Politics of Development: Globalization Challenges
• Level of Globalization in Thailand
• Globalization and Traditional Islamic Societies
• “Globalization and the Indian Economy” by Nayak
• New Zealand: Globalization and Employment Relations
• Women in Developing Countries: Globalization, Liberalization, and Gender Equality
• Globalization Reduces Rather Than Contributes to Inequalities
• Globalization and Airlines Industry Growth
• How Is Contemporary Globalization Altering or Undermining the Westphalian Order?
• View of Globalization: Market Analysis for Entry Strategy
• Globalization: The World is Flat
• “Victims of Progress”: Problems With Globalization
• Globalization and Development in South Africa
• Influence of Globalization on the Petroleum Industry
• Motorola Company’s Globalization
• Social Psychology and Globalization
• How Has Globalization Impacted on Issues of Human Rights?
• Globalization Influence on World Education System
• Influence of Globalization, Intuition and Diversity on the Role of the Manager
• Globalization and the Media: The Status Quo of Taiwan
• Globalization in Business and Finance
• Globalization Impact on the Way Businesses Operate
• Globalization Impact on Business Operations
• The Question of Globalization, Power and Representation
• Women Against Globalization and Anti-Nuke Movement
• Mexico: Transnationalism, Neoliberalism and Globalization
• Globalization Issues Effect on Organization Behavior
• Globalization Effects on the United States
• Global Migration and Economic Globalization
• Economic Globalization: Arguments For and Against
• A New Approach for the Age of Globalization
• Ethical Decision-Making and Globalization
• Influences of Globalization on Modern Society
• Globalization and Its Impact on the 21st Century Global Marketplace
• Globalization Issues and Impact on Poverty and Free Trade
• Globalization of Bollywood and Its Effects on the UAE
• Weakened Sovereignty: Globalization and the Nation State
• Globalization and Leadership: Theory and Practice
• Environmental Globalization and Sustainability Laws
• Globalization for Nation-States: Threat or Driver?
• Globalization and Democratization Effects on Libya
• Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization
• “The Globalization of Inequality” by François Bourguignon
• Globalization Concepts and Importance
• The Book “Globalization” by Manfred B. Steger
• The Book “Globalization: A Very Short Introduction”
• Globalization: “The World Is Flat” by Thomas Friedman
• Facebook Network Globalization
• The Concept of Globalization
• Risks of Globalization in Developing Countries
• Globalization Concepts and the World Markets
• Democratic Globalization and Its Benefits
• Thomas Friedman on Globalization and Information Technology
• Fire and Rescue Services and Globalization Effects
• Globalization in Hart-Landsberg’s and Norberg’s Views
• Globalization Benefits and Challenges
• Globalization, Its Opportunities and Threats
• Globalization of the Financial Flows and Market
• Globalization Era and Internationalism Politics
• Mondragon Company’s Globalization and Cooperative Values
• Globalization Impact on China’s Economic Growth
• Globalization in Bentham’s Panopticon and Postman’s “Amusing Ourselves to Death”
• Cross-Cultural Leadership: Globalization Methodological Challenges
• Globalization, Food, and Ethnic Identity in Literature
• Apple Inc.’s Dominance and Globalization
• Globalization, Regulation and Governance
• Globalization in the Gulf Countries
• Globalization and Language Teaching
• Globalization and Sweatshops: Social Responsibility
• Globalization and the World Economy
• Globalization and Nation States
• Public Perception and Globalization
• “Globalization and Its Discontents” by Joseph Stiglitz
• Foreign Direct Investment and Globalization
• Globalization Evolution in the UAE
• Foreign Direct Investment as Vital Tool of Globalization
• Globalization and the Issue of Import in a Store
• Globalization in the United Arab Emirates’ Culture
• Globalization in Thomas Friedman’s Ideas
• India’s Regional Development and Globalization Benefits
• Globalization Impact on Africa’s Democratization Process
• Globalization and International Trade
• Globalization: An Economic Perspective
• Globalization of the Chinese Manufactories
• Old World Long-Distance Trade and Globalization
• Globalization in Economics and International Relations
• Capitalism and Its Influence on Globalization
• Globalization and Income Inequality Relationship
• Globalization, Its Winners and Losers
• Globalization in “The World is Flat” by Friedman
• Globalization, Art and Capitalism
• Is Taobao Company’s Globalization Possible?
• Globalization and Slavery: Multidisciplinary View
• Cultural China in the Context of Globalization
• Views on Globalization: Negative and Positive Affect
• Ethical Leadership in the Period of Globalization
• Globalization and Islamic Societies
• Globalization Challenges and New Arab Regionalism
• Globalization’s Effects on the UAE Development
• Globalization: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities
• The Two Faces of World Globalization
• Globalization’s Impact on China and the USA
• Hyundai Motor Company: Globalization and Environmental Impacts
• Germany’s Philosophy and Politics of Globalization
• Immigrants’ Socioeconomic Issues in Globalization
• Economic Globalization and the State’s Capacity
• Modern Terrorism and Globalization
• Globalization as to Health, Society, Environment
• Globalization and Criminal Justice Policy
• Ecocide, Human Social Evolution, and Globalization
• Defining Globalization and Its Effects on Current Trade
• Globalization Challenges and Countermeasures
• Globalization and Its Significance to Business
• Globalization: Good for People, Bad for Humanity
• “Globalization 2.0” a Book by David Rieff
• Globalization through Alliances: Management Decision
• Globalization and Foreign Currency Exchange
• Human Trafficking: Healthcare and Globalization Aspects
• Globalization vs. Glocalization in Belgium
• How Immigration Relates to Post-Human and Globalization?
• Globalization Effects on Fundamentalism Growth
• Globalization in the New Product Development Context
• Global Business: Licensing and Globalization
• New Urban Inequalities and Globalization
• Globalization: Cultural Fusion of American Society
• Afro-French Expatriate Company and Globalization
• Equality and Globalization: Changing Gender Expectations
• Gender Equality and Globalization’ Issues
• Globalization Effects on Business, Economy and Health
• Globalization and Its Impact on Capitalism
• Globalization Forces on the Asian Economies
• From World War One to Globalization
• HRM Globalization’ Cause and Effects
• Management: Competitiveness and Globalization Concepts
• Globalization Influence on the Computer Technologies
• Globalization Role in International Marketing
• Jeff Rubin’s Economics: Oil and the End of Globalization
• Product Globalization: Toyota Premio Vehicle
• Globalization Negative Effects
• The Anthropological Approach to Globalization Aspects
• The Globalization of Coffee Production and Consumption
• Why Some Former Colonies Fear Economic Globalization?
• Multinational Corporations, Globalization and State Sovereignty
• Facilitating Globalization in Australian Companies
• Globalization’s and Business Relationships and Responsibilities
• Heriot Watts University Globalization Strategy
• Reflective Thinking – Globalization
• Globalization and Gay Tourism: Learning to Be Tolerant
• Gender Role in Sweden Society in Education and Workplace Before and After Globalization
• Globalization and Its Effects on Businesses
• Economical Globalization in the United States
• Globalization and the Issue of Poverty: Making the World a Better Place
• Globalization Has Meant That the Local Is No Longer Important
• Globalization Effects on the Economies of the Third World
• Impacts of Globalization in the World
• Globalization is not a Peaceful Process
• Reaction Paper in Globalization and Its Discontents: Face the Heat
• Disadvantaging Families: Diversity, Inequality and Globalization
• The Effects of Globalization on the Future of Turkish Economy
• Globalization Potential Benefits and Costs
• Globalization and Culture: Possibilities and Anxieties
• Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions: Internationalization and Globalization
• Globalization and Its Implications
• Who Benefits from Globalization?
• Globalization and IT Business
• Challenges to Build Feminist Movement Against Problems of Globalization and Neoliberalism
• Leadership Decisions and Globalization
• Globalization: A Blessing or a Curse to US Middle Class Workers?
• The Challenge of Globalization 5 Years into the Future
• Aramark Corporation and Globalization
• Globalization of Logistics and Supply Chain Management in Wales
• “Globalization and the Unleashing of New Racism: an Introduction” by Macedo and Gounari
• Financial Effects of Globalization
• International Business Environment: The Benefits and Risks of Deeper Globalization for Guidia
• Sharia System and Globalization
• Contemporary Stage of Globalization and Neo-liberalism in Europe
• International Trade and Its Effects on Globalization
• African Diaspora and Globalization
• Williams-Sonoma, Inc. and Globalization
• Why Did Globalization Cause a Demand For Business Process Management?
• Globalization and business IT: ECommerce models
• McDonalds Globalization in America
• Competitive Advantage and Globalization
• Religion, Politics and Globalization: Effect of Middle East Wars on Shia-Sunni Alliances
• How Can We Account for the Globalization of Production?
• The devastating Globalization effects on State Sovereignty
• Globalization and International Approach in Management
• The Efficient Sustainability of Globalization
• Foreign Markets as Means of Expansion and Globalization
• Peculiarities of the Landscape of Unions within the Process of Globalization
• Anti-Globalization Movement Impact on Business Environment
• Business Globalization: Dorchester, Inc.
• Isoftstone: the Globalization of a Chinese IT sourcing and Services Powerhouse
• Globalization of Business and Culture
• Globalization and Cultural Background
• Globalization Effects on Business: Controlling Systemic Risks
• Why Globalization is seen as a Polarizing Factor in the International Community
• In what ways did Globalization affect financial management?
• Globalization Impacts on Developed and Developing Countries
• General Electric Company: Globalization Impact on Business Strategies
• Globalization, Social Policy, and Social Provision
• Globalization and sustainable development
• Globalization Impact on Life Career and Future
• Impact of globalization on the market power
• Globalization and its influences
• World Trade Organization and Globalization
• Negative Effects of Globalization in Developing Nations
• Globalization as a change process
• Effects and Nature of Globalization
• Costs and Benefits of Free Trade and Globalization
• Is Globalization a Threat to US Supremacy and Power in the World?
• Threats to Globalization
• Recommended Globalization Strategies for Moonglow Acres
• The Intellectual Capital in Globalization Practices
• Globalization as a Powerful Aspect of the New World System
• Globalization Negative Effects: Developed and Developing Countries
• The Polarized World of Globalization
• Backlash against Globalization
• Globalization and the Study of International Security
• Globalization and Race: The Black Other and African Diaspora
• Globalization: How can it improve the Quality of Education?
• Globalization and the Economics of Child Labor
• Globalization Effects: The Privatization of Institutions
• International Economics in the context of globalization
• The impact of globalization
• eBay’s Globalization Strategy
• Concept of Globalization and Its Impact on the International Trading Order
• The Effects of Globalization on the World
• Globalization Arguments and Impacts
• Globalization, Survival, and Empowerment in the African Diaspora
• Impact of Globalization on the American Worker
• The Question of the Distributed Workforce under the Impact of Globalization Tendencies
• Effects of Globalization in Health Care Administration
• Globalization, Struggle, and Empowerment in the African Diaspora
• Globalization and Empowerment in the African Diaspora
• African Diaspora: Gender Hierarchies and Global Race
• Globalization Impact on Modern World
• Globalization’s and Culture Relationships
• Contemporary Globalization and the American Worker
• Globalization and Regional Business
• Globalization: a Blessing in Disguise
• Effects of Globalization on Developed and Developing Countries
• Globalization and Racism
• The Core Features of Globalization and Their Impact on State Sovereignty
• Implications of Globalization for Korea
• Contemporary Globalization and its Impact on the American Worker
• Globalization Demerits in the Modern World
• How Globalization Has Affected Americans
• Gendered Globalization and Social Change
• Consequences of Globalization
• Globalization and Internet
• Globalization in Australia
• Indigenous Struggles from the Ages of Conquest to Globalization
• How Technology Has Affected Globalization, International Trade, and Financial Stability
• Globalization of the US Media
• P&G Japan Globalization Project
• Youth Culture Under the Globalization Time
• Globalization and Survival of Smaller Companies
• Modern Globalization in Africa
• Critical Review of Chapter 1 and 2 of the book Globalization: A Very Short Introduction, by Manfred B. Steger
• Globalization Effects on the System of Governance in the World
• Production, Competition and Globalization
• Development and Globalization in Africa
• Globalization and the International Hotel Industry
• Globalization Issues: A Summary of an Article on Local Management and Globalization
• The Role of Globalization and Free Trade in Latin America
• Globalization Theory in Political Economy
• Disasters in the Bangladesh Garment Industry and the Role of Globalization
• Globalization and Its Discontents
• Taming Globalization as Painted by Rodrik
• Globalization and Security Environment: Visions of Prosperity and Peace
• The Reasons of Globalization Companies
• Globalization Process and Its Effects
• Critical Examination of the Impacts of Globalization on National Sovereignty
• Globalization and IT Industry
• Embracing the Entire Globe: Globalization Is not to Be Feared!
• Advertizing and Globalization
• Not Everyone Experiences Globalization in the Same Way
• Indesit Co. Global Operations
• The Impact of Human Right on Globalization
• Challenges of Globalization
• Disasters in the Bangladesh Garment Industry & the Role of Globalization
• Increasing of Globalization in the Contemporary Era
• Globalization and Its Impact on the UAE
• Is Globalization Beneficial or Tyrannical?
• Influence of Globalization on Employment Opportunities
• Globalization of the Local
• Problem(s) Globalization Presents to Your Future Career
• Effects of American Media on Legal and Social Barriers to Globalization
• Globalization Features and Consequences
• Globalization in Today’s Business Environment
• Language as a Peculiarity of Human Geography within the Globalization
• Concept and History of the Economic Globalization
• Youth Culture Under Globalization
• Concept of Globalization
• Globalization in Politics and on the World Peace
• Globalization Sociopolitial and Economic Impacts
• Impacts of Globalization on Strategies of International Businesses
• Financial Globalization in Modern Business
• Politics of Globalization
• Globalization: An Agent for Cultural Conflicts
• Humanizing Globalization’ Professional Analysis of Speech
• Globalization and Administrative Reform: What Is Happening in Theory?
• How Has Globalization Led to Variations in the Standard of Living and Contrasts in the Level of Development in Nations?
• What Has Been the Effect of Globalization on Terrorism?
• Globalization and Health Worker Crisis: What Do Wealth-Effects Tell Us?
• How Are Related Corruption, Globalization, and Development?
• What Are the Economic Benefits of Globalization?
• What Extent Is Globalization in the Late Twentieth Century a New Trend?
• What Are the Main Reasons for Increased Globalization?
• What Extent Does Asian Economic Crisis Occurrence Relate to Globalization? What Were the Causes and Consequences?
• What Impact Does Globalization Have On E-commerce?
• What Are Economic Challenges and Opportunities of Globalization?
• Migration and Globalization: What’s in It for Developing Countries?
• What Is the Future of the Nation-State as Globalization Increases?
• What Was the Role of Globalization in the Global Financial System?
• What Are Sources of Resistance to Globalization?
• How Globalization Creates Systemic Risks, and What to Do About It?
• Does Cultural Globalization Have Mean Cultural Homogenization?
• Globalization What Difficulties Are There in Defining Globalisation?
• What Does Globalization Mean for Indigenous Peoples?
• What Effect Has Globalization Had on Language?
• What Are the Main Challenges of Globalization?
• What Is Budgetary Globalization?
• What Determines Governance Across Nations: Do Economic and Social Globalization Play a Role?
• How Does Globalization Affect Cultural Traditions?
• Labour and the Challenges of Globalization: What Prospects for Transnational Solidarity?
• What Interactions Between Financial Globalization and Instability?
• Globalization, Poverty, and Inequality: What Is the Relationship? How Can Globalization Reduce Poverty?
• How Does Globalization Drives Corporate Tax Rates Down?
• Coping With Globalization: What Are the Driving Forces of Openness and Spatial Dynamics of Innovation?
• What Are the Effects of Globalization?
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549 Excellent Globalization Topics for Writing & Presentations

Not everyone knows it, but globalization is not a brand-new process that started with the advent of the Internet. In fact, it’s been around throughout all of human history. This makes the choice of topics related to globalization practically endless. 

If you need help choosing a writing idea, this Custom-Writing.org article is for you. Here, you will find 549 globalization topics for various assignments and a helpful writing guide.

🔝 Top 12 Globalization Topics

• 🚀 Research Topics
• 🙋‍ Topics for Presentation
• 🗺️ Essay Topics
• 🗣️ Topics for a Discussion
• 🤔 Essay Prompts
• ✏️ Writing Tips

🔗 References

• Archaic vs. proto globalization
• Political drivers of globalization
• Why is globalization inevitable?
• Music’s contribution to globalization
• Is globalization a problem in business?
• Advantages of economic interdependence
• Globalization’s effect on communication
• How is feminism related to interconnectedness?
• Does cultural homogenization destroy diversity?
• International recruiting as an effect of global networking
• Is the COVID-19 pandemic the result of globalization?
• Does globalization enhance teamwork in education?

🚀 Globalization Research Topics

• How has globalization affected women’s economic rights?
• Globalization’s influence on the women’s rights movement
• Research the challenges caused by the power of globalization

• The negative impact of globalization on Polynesian cultures
• Impact of globalization on the economies of the developing countries
• Study the contribution of global cooperation to the fight against serious diseases
• Global networking as a way of sharing experiences between countries
• How has globalization negatively impacted education ?
• Evaluate the positive impact of globalization on education opportunities
• The relationship between globalization and discrimination
• Contribution of globalization to health policies and practices
• Study the relationship between globalization and concentration of wealth
• Basic concepts of the phenomenon of globalization
• Global migration as the end of multiculturalism in the world
• Explore how globalization affected the rise of migration
• Globalization as a means of human trafficking
• Impact of globalization on systematic conflict and state aggression
• Internationalization as a driver of discrimination in education
• Contribution of globalization to the music industry
• Global interconnectedness as a reflection on protests and revolutions in the world
• Globalization as a way of strengthening international communication
• Study the link between globalization and the sustainability of resources
• Globalization as a tool to inhibit small business
• How does globalization affect competition in the global marketplace?
• Globalization and work management in modern organizations
• Enumerate the threats to the existence of globalization in times of increased nationalization
• Can globalization cause wars?
• Modern globalization as a response to the World Wars
• Can specific legislation limit the adverse effects of internationalization?
• Study feminism through the lens of globalization
• The phenomenon of the global village in the modern world
• The development of arts in the context of globalization
• International sport as part of the worldwide interaction process
• The Olympic Games as an outstanding example of globalization
• Relationship between globalization and the development of technology
• How does globalization promote the use of artificial intelligence ?
• Ethical problems of globalization in contemporary society
• The rise of anime as a product of cultural globalization
• The dissemination of environmental awareness as part of global interdependence
• Explain the effect of globalization on modern political systems
• Would COVID-19 have happened without globalization?
• The development of social networks in the era of globalization
• Review the historical issues of the globalized world
• Impact of globalization on the development of European countries
• How has globalization affected the US economy?
• The Russo-Ukrainian War as the consequence of global integration
• Assess the contribution of globalization to relations between countries
• Does globalization exist in the society of the future?
• Global connectivity as a driving force in the spread of body shaming
• The relationship between globalization and imperialism
• Transconglomerates in the worldwide market
• Study what characterizes partnerships in the international political arena
• Evaluate the influence of global interdependence on the emergence of economic crises
• The relationship between globalization and leadership in the workplace
• Attitudes toward cross-border interactions in the movie Captain Fantastic
• Consumer culture as a globalization phenomenon
• Global creativity in today’s world
• The positive impact of globalization on creativity
• Transformation of interpersonal relations within globalization
• How media hinders globalization in society
• Globalization and production as a threat to the environment

Cultural Globalization Topics for Research

• Study alternative ways of developing culture outside of globalization
• American influence on the rest of the world is too great
• Assess the waves of globalization in a historical context
• Autonomy and cultural identity : how to safeguard culture
• Can American dominance hinder the development of other cultures?
• Cultural globalization has changed the idea of world communities
• Write about current trends of smaller cultures moving toward globalization
• Digital communication is the primary means of globalization
• Do Europe and the US dominate the world market?
• Research the ecological effects of increasing globalization
• Freedom of movement as one of the rules of globalization
• Global exploitation of poor regions: effects and problems
• Globalization as the natural development of world communities
• International cooperation is needed to create a diverse world community
• Cross-border interactions help cultures get involved in economics and trade
• Study the historical experiences of countries opposing globalization
• How can we help developing countries integrate into the global community?
• How does globalization help some countries but harm others?
• Indigenous rights in international dialogue
• Institutionalization makes globalization grow
• International economics as the basis of globalization
• Is equality attainable in the context of globalization?
• Is globalization a consequence of European colonialism?
• Is the loss of cultural consciousness possible in the context of globalization ?
• Lack of objectivity as a consequence of cultural globalization
• Threats to small linguistic groups due to the dominance of the English language
• Study the main features of media coverage of cultural stereotypes
• Migration of cultures is made possible by advances in technology
• National stereotypes are fading due to the globalization effects
• Study the possible negative consequences of cultural diversity
• Peculiarities of intercultural dialogue with developing countries
• Possibility of a conservative view of the world in the context of globalization
• Potential adverse effects of urbanization of smaller cultures
• Preserving linguistic diversity is the merit of globalization
• Reasons for the exclusion of developing countries from the international dialogue
• Study the resources for addressing the vulnerability of small cultures
• Shared consumer culture as a product of globalization
• Smaller cultures have become more visible thanks to globalization
• Sources of healthy nationalism for the preservation of a culture
• Assess the problems of cultural appropriation
• Corporate social responsibility as a product of global collaboration
• The current direction of cultural globalization
• The development of cultural communities is achievable through global introductions
• Study the distribution of goods and services in the twenty-first century
• Globalization and the spread of social justice movements
• The impact of international organizations on enhancing cultural visibility
• Research the ways of cultural imposition through the proliferation of products
• How does the openness of the world promote people’s autonomy in their choice of cultural symbols?
• The nature of social interaction between different nationalities
• Evaluate the need for communities to create a unified global cultural space
• Why the phenomenon of cultural diffusion is a subject of debate in globalization
• Study the effects of privatization of cultural structures and goods
• The problem of cultural competition on the global stage
• Write about the rate of growth of globalization throughout the world
• The role of group identity in cultural unification
• The spread of cultures is the merit of globalization
• Suggest tools to preserve national unity in the era of globalization
• Total isolation can lead to cultural degradation
• Trade links are the primary connection between the world’s cultures
• How transport technologies have brought globalization to a new level
• Trends in the changing state of culture today
• Ways of assimilating new cultural spaces and contexts
• What are the threats to the unification of cultures?
• Why is the perception of foreign cultures largely distorted?
• Why do modern people need instant communication with each other?
• Will anti-globalization do any good?

Negative Effects of Globalization: Research Topics

• Globalization and its effects on the exacerbation of inequality
• Job loss as an effect of globalization in the West
• Payment issues and related demands as products of globalization
• Tax havens exploitation due to globalization
• Assess the lack of fairness in multinational corporations
• Globalized setting and the risk of intellectual property theft
• Legal businesses and communities are affected adversely by globalization
• How globalization increased competition exponentially and doomed SMEs
• Internationalization and limited domestic institution options
• The exploitation of labor at the core of globalization-related processes
• Healthcare access in developing nations: unexpected effects of globalization
• Increased infection spreading in a globalized environment: lessons from COVID-19
• When globalization fails: the rise of the fake medications threat
• Inefficient resource distribution in global healthcare : current concerns
• Inconsistency in healthcare regulations in the globalized setting
• Globalization, the rising nurse-patient ratio, and workplace burnout
• When globalization hurts public healthcare: private sector expansion
• Global interdependence, developing countries, and resource leakage in healthcare
• Study the use of globalization to promote the status quo in healthcare
• Rising competition and one-company dominance in global healthcare
• Interconnected setting as the platform for escalating international conflicts
• Assess the prevalence of Western perspectives on politics
• Internationalization and leading states’ dominance in global politics
• Globalization concerns: the failure to embrace political diversity
• Evaluate the challenges of building international policies
• Increased external political control as the side effect of globalization
• Globalization and the inability to prioritize local citizens’ security
• Research the drop in security levels as a result of globalization
• Globalized political environment: an increase in surveillance threats
• Foreign intelligence intervening as an adverse effect of globalization
• Explain how globalization promotes consumerism
• Are globalization and Western ideas stifling the intercultural dialogue?
• Acculturation and globalization: threats to Indigenous cultures
• Globalization and the displacement of local populations
• How the globalized environment enforces cultural stereotypes
• Development of polarized opinions and the resulting cultural divide
• National identity erasure as a result of globalization
• Study the causes behind the global increase in mental health issues
• Personal space erasure as a consequence of globalization
• Focus on consumerism as the main globalization philosophy
• Stifled individualism in the era of globalization
• Challenges faced by ethnic minorities in the globalized context
• Poverty and inequality as increasing concerns associated with globalization
• Inequality in global resource distribution: side effects of globalization
• Failure of globalization ideas anywhere but the West
• The increasing threat of intellectual property theft and copyright infringement
• Challenges associated with controlling laws in the globalized context
• Evaluate the difficulties in identifying compromises between legal frameworks of different countries
• Challenges in developing a homogenous policy for the globalized community
• Globalization and the threat to minority needs
• Diluted priorities in the globalized environment
• Study the issue of control in the global economic context
• Legal concerns in the international setting: homogeneity issues
• Research the topic of incompatibility of diverse legal frameworks worldwide
• Exposure to cybersecurity threats as a result of globalization
• Cybercrime increase in the globalized context
• Challenges in negotiating legal collaboration in international settings
• The threat of terrorist attacks on a global level
• Evaluate the difficulties in negotiating legal policies as an effect of globalization
• Problems with introducing a unified academic approach within the global context
• Challenges adapting diverse educational environments to a uniform framework
• Globalization and the difficulties in controlling policies’ implementation
• Ethics as a control tool in a globally integrated setting
• Problems with challenging power structures within the globalized context
• Evaluate the threat of failing to maintain economic concerns on a global level
• Difficulties identifying business fraud in an international setting
• Globalization and problems negotiating political and cultural differences
• Polarization of opinions as an effect of forced globalization

‍🙋 Globalization Topics for Presentation

• What makes the Alibaba Corporation a business globalization pioneer?
• Smart automation as a feature of Globalization 4.0
• Explain how global manufacturing creates jobs in the low-GDP states
• Study globalization’s effects on the manufacturing costs of essential goods
• Current issues in global geopolitics: increasing non-renewable energy costs
• Explore the adverse impact of Westernization on Asian cultures
• The history of cross-cultural agility frameworks in retail business
• The Millennial generation’s attitudes to globalization: recent trends
• The globalization of football in the 20th century
• Cultural globalization’s positive and adverse effects on local movie industries
• The e-commerce ecosystem’s role in facilitating global trade
• Starbucks’s growth as an example of globalization
• Globalization’s adverse impacts on small retail businesses
• Business globalization’s negative effects on the deforestation issue
• Explain how the Internet has enabled globalized manufacturing
• The IMF’s stance on economic globalization : past and future
• Does the counter-globalization movement rely on empirical evidence? 
• The early history of global interactions: Silk Road trade
• Study the history of the multinational corporation phenomenon
• Political globalization: the rise of intergovernmental organizations
• How global integration has catalyzed economic development in African countries
• The Spice Routes as an early case of globalization
• International investment’s role in business globalization
• The history of polycentric political networks during the 20 th century
• How should the world respond to the “Coca-colonization” trend?
• Does globalization promote the exploitation of a cheaper labor force?
• How the Scientific Revolution of16 th -17 th centuries promoted global connectivity
• The British Empire’s contributions to globalization before the mid-1800s
• Intense railway construction as a catalyst of globalized trade
• Has globalization destroyed a preference for local products in India ?
• Innovative sea transportation technology and global trade in the 1990s
• The WTO’s contributions to promoting global e-commerce
• Cultural globalization and associated threats, as seen by Generation Z
• How global connectivity removes jobs from countries with high production costs
• The Greater Arab Free Trade Area’s contributions to international commerce
• Does globalization make consumer goods more affordable?
• The Great Depression as a hindrance to globalization
• What led to the emergence of international sports organizations?
• Globalized business as a contributor to ocean acidification
• The rise of global governance in the 20 th century
• The Cultural Globalization Index: methodology and takeaways
• Globalization’s effects on natural resource consumption
• 20th-century barriers to economic globalization: the case of the Iron Curtain
• The invention of intermodal containers and their impact on global trade
• How free-trade areas promote globalization in Asia
• The USSR’s resistance to globalization
• Study the effects of globalization of the football player market
• The pros and cons of polycentric networks in global decision-making
• Explain how the current trade facilitation agenda supports globalization
• Global decision-making and its long-term effects on nation-states
• Intergenerational and international differences in attitudes to globalization
• Is business globalization destructive to local cultures?
• Write about the anti-globalization movement’s arguments against trade liberalization
• Can we call free trade a revival of imperialism ?
• The WTO’s achievements in promoting free trade
• The Internet’s role as a catalyst of global connectivity
• Globalization’s effects on cross-strait relationships
• Review the World Bank’s path to power in the globalization era
• Globalization’s impacts on gentrification in the US
• Review the key achievements of UN/CEFACT as a facilitator of global trade
• What characterizes cultural interactions before the 1500s?
• Religion’s role in the development of globalization
• Will globalization promote the cosmopolitan democracy theory?
• Cable technology as a facilitator of global trade
• Cuisine and culture-related globalization: the case of McDonald’s
• How the IMF promotes globalization in the 21 st century
• Globalization’s reverberations on consumers’ purchasing behavior
• How does globalization advance women’s rights in developing economies?

🗺️ Globalization Essay Topics: Different Categories

Globalization topics for high school.

• The world’s interconnectedness and the processes of globalization
• The impact of globalization on culture and economy
• Globalization: confronting threats and opportunities for countries
• Globalization in the modern world: pros and cons
• How the global community is addressing the challenges of globalization
• The Internet ’s role in worldwide integration and unification
• Study the central philosophical and ethical aspects of globalization
• How does the globalization of the world economy manifest itself?
• COVID-19 against the background of globalization

• How did the process of globalization change European countries?
• The leading causes for cultural diffusion in prehistoric times
• Globalization during the Industrial Revolution
• The role of the English language in global cooperation
• Analyze the central idea behind globalization
• Is globalization a cure-all for economic challenges?
• When did globalization really begin?
• Human rights in the era of cross-border interactions
• How does modern-day globalization differ from that during previous centuries?
• How does globalization relate to Americans’ public life?
• What are the worst long-term consequences of globalization ?
• What can be called globalization , and what can’t?
• The continued existence of separate nation-states considering globalization
• Relationship between globalization and healthcare
• Ideological approaches to the concept of globalization
• Is globalization a generally positive or negative phenomenon?
• The impact of globalization on the formation of identity
• Can the era of global integration ever come to an end?
• What will eventually replace globalization , and what will become of humanity in this case?
• How does globalization affect young people?
• Does globalization solve global problems?
• Globalization of higher education: contradictions and innovations
• Study the main technological factors of globalization
• Global connectivity as the leading trend in world development
• Human society: from isolation to international collaboration
• Social isolation and loneliness in the era of global communication
• Sustainable globalization for the benefit of all populations
• Analyze controversial statements about internationalization
• Globalization and religion: what are the concerns?
• Economic interdependence as the removal of barriers to free trade
• Globalization and the problem of income inequality
• Who introduced the concept of globalization?
• Evaluate English as the language of diplomacy, business, and the Internet
• The information revolution caused by globalization
• Terrorism as one of the biggest obstacles to global collaboration
• The US and European states as the proponents of globalization
• Is the opposition to globalization political in nature?
• Global integration as the root cause of humanity’s gravest problems
• Functioning of society in the era of worldwide interconnectivity
• Research the dangers globalization poses to the world economy
• The main contradictions and conflicts of the internationalization process
• Globalization as a sociocultural process
• Study the social benefits of globalization
• How does globalization affect people’s purchasing behaviors?
• Global integration and its philosophical problems
• Globalization, human rights and laws: interconnection and interdependence
• Does globalization concern every person on Earth?
• Globalization and mass culture : trends and influences

Current Global Issues Topics for Students

• The War in Ukraine and the global food crisis
• Review the correlation between global warming and sea level rise
• Global greenhouse gas emissions and their atmospheric impact
• Advancing human rights globally: Qatar World Cup case study
• Global water shortage and contamination: solutions to depletion
• Global energy crisis and the Israel-Palestine conflict
• What are preventative solutions to global water shortage?
• The role of poverty on child labor around the world
• How can we stop the global issue of child labor in the fashion industry ?
• Access to education and resources as a solution to the global child labor issue
• Accountability of multinational corporations for child labor use
• What is the correlation between child labor and global Islamic extremism?
• Global violence and discrimination against women and LGBTQ+ members
• Evaluate the role of social media in preventing global violence
• Global violence and human trafficking
• Military interventions to address global violence
• Analysis of effectiveness in current approaches to global violence prevention
• Evaluate the international poverty line and its implications
• Global poverty and food crisis
• Address the lack of food and shelter caused by the rise in global poverty
• Effectiveness of homeless shelters to address global poverty
• International poverty factors and causes of variation in wages
• Current international initiatives in addressing global poverty
• Study global wealth in relation to income inequality
• Global inequality in health and healthcare
• International stability, development, and global inequality
• Global inequality in social relationships
• Health disparities as predictors of global inequalities
• Global wealth inequality: crime and violence manifestations
• Global terrorism and Islamic extremism
• Prevention of terrorism with military interventions
• Global radicalization and immigration issues
• The role of international networking in recruitment in terrorist organizations
• Conduct a geopolitical analysis of ISIS as a global terrorist organization
• Russia as a state sponsor of terrorism: what are the implications?
• Global terrorism and geopolitical power vacuums
• Global practice of child marriages : insights from Afghanistan
• Legislative solutions to child marriage practice
• Evaluate current international initiatives to address child marriage
• The role of cultural isolation in child marriage practices
• Study the global correlation between inequality and food
• Global population increase and the impending food crisis
• Agricultural solutions for global food shortage : technologies and fertilizers
• Global supply chain vulnerability assessment
• AIDS prevention: effective means to address the epidemic
• Research the effects of climate change on global air pollution
• The correlation between global warming and fossil fuels
• Assess the impact of electric vehicles on climate change
• The effect of the carbon footprint of animal agriculture on global warming
• Global warming as a threat to food production
• Analyze the climate change’s impact on the shift in weather patterns
• Global temperature increase and agricultural output
• Continental evaluation of climate change and biodiversity
• Extreme heat waves in the Global South: climate change implications
• The effectiveness of the UN initiatives to promote human rights
• Evaluate the UN initiatives on clean water access
• Technological solutions for global hunger and malnourishment
• Marine plastic pollution and its effect on human reproductive health

Topics Related to Globalization & Global Economy

• Research the history and evolution of globalization
• How will jobs change in the context of a globalized economy?
• How does globalization impact economic development ?
• What is the role of multinational corporations in the global economy ?
• What is the effect of increased financial inclusion on the worldwide economy?
• The Eurozone crisis and its implications for the global economy
• How do global capital markets influence the national economy?
• Compare the benefits and drawbacks of worldwide free trade
• International Aid and its role in alleviating global poverty crisis
• How does global networking affect labor markets?
• Do international organizations contribute to shaping global economic policy ?
• The role of technology in driving economic interdependence
• How does globalization impact small businesses ?
• The issue of modern trade wars and protectionism
• Study the relationship between globalization and economic inequality
• How does global climate change affect nations’ financial well-being?
• The role of immigration in the global economy
• The relationship between globalization, economy, and national sovereignty
• Is education important for the global economy?
• How do digital technologies transform the global economy?
• Can a global financial system shape globalization?
• Why is energy consumption increasing?
• How do exchange rate dynamics affect the worldwide economy?
• Old age pensions as a social welfare policy affected by globalization
• What is the role of international trade in driving globalization?
• How does globalization increase international investing?
• Why is the crisis in the housing market a result of globalization?
• Has globalization increased the risk of corruption ?
• The role of transportation and logistics in globalization
• Suggest strategies for sustainable development of global economies
• Analyze China’s global economic initiative
• Does the tourism industry benefit from globalization?
• The role of international taxation in shaping globalization
• Is globalization beneficial for the education sector?
• Globalization as a cause of social mobility
• The role of international monetary policy in driving globalization
• Are international relations connected to globalization?
• Benefits of globalization of financial markets
• The impact of globalization on the fashion industry
• Does globalization increase medical access?
• What is the role of global governance in driving globalization?
• Positive and negative effects of media globalization
• Why are global trade agreements vital for globalization?
• How does globalization impact the tourism industry ?
• Does globalization contribute to poverty rates?
• The role of international migration in driving globalization
• What is the impact of globalization on the transportation sector?
• Compare and contrast globalization vs. urbanization
• How are international institutions shaping globalization ?
• Does globalization negatively affect the energy sector ?
• What is the importance of international organizations in driving globalization?
• How can we prevent the negative effect of globalization on the housing market?
• What does globalization mean in international relations?

Essay Questions about Globalization

• How does the War in Ukraine affect globalization?
• What is the role of the Middle East countries in global collaboration?
• Is globalization dependent on global supply chain networks?
• Are there ways to address nationalization through globalization?
• How does the rise of dictatorships affect global cooperation?
• What is the impact of globalization on local cultures?
• Did globalization bring improvements to poorer African countries?
• Has globalization already reached its end?
• Are there any disadvantages of globalization for rich nations?
• How will the development of AI affect global networking?
• Did globalization rates increase or decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic?
• Who will lead globalization by 2030?
• What is the 4th Industrial Revolution’s impact on globalization?
• What were the major phases of globalization?
• Did Globalization 4.0 end in the 2010s?
• Will globalization create international equality?
• Did the global integration process start with silk and spices?
• What are the disadvantages of globalization for poor nations?
• How did the global pandemic affect cross-border interactions?
• What are the benefits of globalization?
• Has China become the centerpiece of globalization?
• How is the global food crisis affecting economic interdependence?
• How is the Russian government halting globalization?
• What are the key drivers of universal connectivity?
• Does economic interdependence improve trade efficiency?
• What characterizes the first wave of globalization?
• How is the global energy crisis affecting internationalization?
• Is globalization vulnerable to human rights violations ?
• How will water shortage impact the international community?
• Is democracy a prerequisite for globalization?
• What role did Great Britain play in globalization?
• What was the role of Islam in globalization?
• Can worldwide collaboration solve the issues of global hunger and poverty?
• Does globalization need capitalism and free markets to function?
• What is the impact of globalization on the US?
• How did globalization lead to the development of modern China?
• How does globalization affect greenhouse gas emissions?
• Is globalization possible without cultural elements?
• How can we find a balance between globalization and cultural heritage?
• Is the rising nationalism a response to globalization?
• Can globalization alleviate health disparities between nations?
• Does worldwide collaboration centralize international power?
• Does globalization only benefit the powerful nations?
• How did COVID-19 expose globalization vulnerabilities?
• Are cryptocurrencies part of Globalization 4.0?
• Is globalization possible without military interventions?
• What is the role of oil in globalization processes?
• Is global terrorism a byproduct of global interconnection?
• What is the possible future direction of globalization?
• How can we balance national autonomy with global collaboration?
• What is the end goal of globalization?
• Can globalization proceed without liberal democracies ?
• How did globalization shape the current geopolitics?
• Will the Russia-Ukraine war permanently stop internationalization?
• What is the role of OPEC in globalization?
• Is Davos culture undermining global cooperation?
• Is glocalization a new form of globalization?
• What is the functionalist perspective of global interdependence?
• What are the benefits and issues of cultural globalization?

🗣️ Globalization Topics for a Discussion

• How does globalization strengthen totalitarian ideologies?
• How does globalization affect developing countries?
• The connection between globalization and human trafficking
• How does globalization contribute to homogenization?
• The impact of globalization on the demand for autonomy
• Diversity as a consequence of globalization
• The importance of cultural diversity in globalization
• Research the struggle for resources in the context of internationalization

• Is total globalization inevitable in the future?
• Contribution of globalization to the field of advertising
• Discuss controversies associated with contemporary globalization
• Study the attitudes towards globalization in postmodern societies
• Transformation of the world system in the process of globalization
• The emergence of multinationals as a consequence of globalization
• How globalization reflects in the global exchange of goods
• How has the global market changed during globalization?
• Mutual dependencies of countries due to globalization
• Transcommunication as a product of globalization
• Review the favorable conditions necessary for the globalization of the economy
• Featherstone’s views on localization related to globalization
• Localization in the works of Friedman , Giddens, and Hannerz
• What dangers does globalization pose to ethnicities?
• Is globalization possible without the phenomenon of localization?
• How does time-space compression contribute to localization?
• Global and local contributors to the fragmentation of society
• What measures can stop the fragmentation of society?
• Does globalization cause local formulations?
• The contribution of globalization to Japan’s bubble economy development
• Differences in globalization between developed and developing countries
• Links between the universal and the particular in globalization
• Expansion of internationalization in Asia and Africa
• Is globalization a threat to hegemony in economics and culture?
• How can we prevent the US from subordinating other countries?
• Does global interdependence threaten the extinction of grassroots culture?
• Does worldwide connectivity contribute to the unification of the social order ?
• How is society changing within the framework of global integration?
• The development of anti-modernist ideology under globalization
• Modernization of health care in globalization
• How does globalization impede the availability of health services?
• How developing states suffer from globalization
• Does globalization mean the end of the nation-state?
• Perceptions of the consequences of globalization in contemporary society
• Marginalization as an effect of internationalization
• Frans J. Schuurman’s research on globalization
• Why is globalization associated with the end of development?
• The role of privatization in the process of globalization
• The crisis of sociological theories in globalization

🤔 Globalization Essay Prompts

Globalization and climate change essay prompt.

• How globalization affects carbon footprint. Study the consequences of interconnected global economy on carbon emissions. Pay particular attention to the effects of trade and transportation on CO2 levels.
• Globalization and environmental justice. In your essay, answer the questions: how does globalization worsen environmental inequality? Which regions suffer from the effects of climate change the most?
• Local initiatives to address climate change. Explore what environmentally-conscious people do to stop climate change in their regions. How do their actions contribute to worldwide efforts.

What Is Globalization Essay Prompt

• The early history of globalization. You can cover what factors led to worldwide connectivity and how it has grown ever since. Your essay may talk about the Silk Road, the spread of Islam, and global trade. 
• The impact of globalization on modern society. Globalization has numerous benefits for the economy and business. You might explore what difference it has made for everyday people. 
• The characteristics of globalization. Analyze what defines globalization. Cover not only the basic features but also more specific ones, such as global product standardization. 

Is Globalization Good or Bad: Essay Prompt

• Globalization is good because it contributes to cultural awareness. Explore how it can strengthen the ties between countries, build cultural bridges, and improve the quality of people’s lives. 
• Ways in which developing countries benefit from globalization. For example, thanks to globalization, resources such as technology and education were brought to developing countries. 
• Downsides of globalization: unemployment rate. Due to technological advancements, many people in developing countries are left unemployed. Explain how globalization also plays a significant role in this process. 
• Globalization’s negative influence on cultural diversity. This is one of the most dangerous threats in the globalized world. How can we prevent the extinction of Indigenous cultures and promote their uniqueness? 

Impact of Globalization on Culture Essay Prompt

• Globalization contributes to the spread of racial stereotypes. Despite America’s ongoing attempts to overcome prejudice, the media still spreads the stereotypical image of non-white races. You can focus on specific examples of such stereotypes in your essay. 
• Westernization of cultures. Western pop icons, brands, and lifestyles are spreading worldwide. What contributed to Western culture’s domination? What makes this influence harmful?
• How globalization promotes the flow of cultural practices. In your essay, discuss how globalization may lead to more efficient management of international organizations. 

How Did Covid-19 Affect Globalization Essay Prompt

• The mechanisms of the COVID-19 effect on globalization strategies. These include consumers’ attitudes, the government’s actions, business’ globalization economics, and the mindsets of stakeholders and executives of multinational companies. 
• The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy. Your essay can touch on the change in capital input, labor market developments, and productivity growth. 
• Globalization’s forecasts after the pandemic. Analyze the post-pandemic prospects in your essay. Focus on how different it will be compared to past flow patterns. 

✏️ Globalization Essay: How to Write

Coming up with a topic is just the first step. After that, you need to make an outline and write your essay. Not sure how to go about it? Check out the handy guide below. 

Globalization Essay Introduction

At the beginning of your essay, there’s always an introduction. It includes three main components: 

• Hook . Start with an intriguing piece of information that makes your audience interested in reading your text. You can cite some shocking statistics or tell a little-known fact.  Only 1 of 7 billion people on the planet live in comfortable conditions. 
• Background information. The next 1-3 sentences need to contain the necessary info about the topic the readers need to know before continuing with your paper.  It may seem like a small number, but it is enormous compared to the situation humanity faced 100 years ago. The world per capita GDP skyrocketed from $680 to $6,500 during this period. 
• After that, you write the thesis statement. Keep reading to learn what it is!

Globalization Thesis Statement

The thesis statement is the key sentence of your essay. It serves several purposes: 

• Structuring your whole work.
• Setting your main ideas. 
• Creating some room for discussion. 

The thesis also needs to be coherent and brief but not too short. Make sure to include all of your essay’s critical ideas into it.

Here’s an example:

Although it has some disadvantages, globalization is crucial for increasing the number of people living in comfort by creating comparable living conditions.

Globalization Essay Body

The body is the central part of your paper. These are usually 2-3 paragraphs, each explaining one of your points.

To build a solid body paragraph, you need to: 

• Present the segment’s main idea in a topic sentence . 
• Expand on it. 
• Use evidence to prove your point. 

Here’s a sample body paragraph for you:

One of globalization’s most prominent positive effects is its effect on people’s living conditions. For most of human history, comparing one person’s salary or social status to those of people living on another continent was impossible. Such personal information was not available to the public. However, with the rise of globalization, people started learning more and more about those living abroad. Citizens of countries with poor living conditions discovered that their lives could be much better. This discovery forced some governments to improve their citizens’ state of being by using rich foreign countries as an example. 

Globalization Essay Conclusion

The conclusion is the final part of your work. Nothing new needs to be added here. Just restate your thesis , summarize your body paragraphs, and finish with a memorable statement.

At the end of the day, people’s lives have improved significantly over the last two centuries. Much of these improvements are thanks to globalization. These positive changes suggest that it is possible to further enhance people’s quality of life through global collaboration. 

You can also use our free essay conclusion generator to save time.

And with that, we end our topic list. Make sure to let us know which topic you like best. Feel free to recommend this article to your friends, and good luck with your assignment!

Further Reading:

• How to Write a Good Introduction: Examples & Tips
• How to Title an Essay: Guide with Creative Examples
• A Complete Guide to Essay Writing—Make it Simple
• Globalization: National Geographic
• What Is Globalization?: Peterson Institute for International Economics
• Globalization in Business with History and Pros and Cons: Investopedia
• What Is Globalization? Globalization Explained: TechTarget
• Globalization: A Brief Overview: International Monetary Fund
• Globalization: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• Globalization Has Rallied and Is Even Working Better – New Report: World Economic Forum
• The State of Globalization in 2022: Harvard Business School Publishing
• The World Will Regret Its Retreat from Globalization: Foreign Policy
• Globalization and Human Cooperation: PNAS
• Globalization: Britannica
• Is Globalization Over?: Project Syndicate
• The Future of Globalization: Center for Global Development
• Globalization and Poverty: National Bureau of Economic Research
• Prepare Now for the New Era of Globalization: EY
• The Complex Dynamics of Globalization and the Financial Crisis: BBVA
• Is This the End of Globalization?: Knowledge at Wharton
• Globalization and Human Security: George Mason University
• Globalization Isn’t Dead, It’s Just not American Anymore: The Washington Post
• Globalization Is Here to Stay: Deloitte
• Globalization Is Over. The Global Culture Wars Have Begun.: The New York Times
• Globalization, Labor Markets, and Inequality: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
• The Pros and Cons of Globalization: Forbes
• Globalization and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence on the Role of Complementarities: PLOS
• Does Globalization Mean We Will Become One Culture?: BBC
• The Globalization of American Culture: American Diplomacy
• The Negative Effects of Globalization on the Global Economy: Bucknell University
• Globalization and the Labor Market: The American University in Cairo
• What Is Globalization?: Indiana University
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The State of Globalization in 2023

• Steven A. Altman
• Caroline R. Bastian

Data disproves the notion that the world has become more regionalized in recent years.

Plummeting flows of trade, capital, and people at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic prompted a wave of speculation about the end of globalization, and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine brought even more predictions of a retreat toward national self-sufficiency. But, according to research for the latest DHL Global Connectedness Index, international flows show no signs of a sustained downturn. The data shows a broad pattern of decoupling between the U.S. and China, but the flows of countries that are geopolitically aligned with the U.S. and China do not — at least yet — indicate a broader split between rival blocs. Nor is there evidence that globalization is giving way to regionalization. While companies do need to adjust for heightened geopolitical tensions, they should not abandon global strategies. Corporate deglobalization, in fact, could be a riskier path than making focused adjustments to mitigate geopolitical risks.

Three key questions lie at the heart of debates about whether global crises and escalating geopolitical tensions have begun to reverse globalization: Has the growth of cross-border trade, capital, information and people flows gone into reverse? Are geopolitical tensions fracturing the world economy into rival blocs? And is globalization giving way to regionalization? The answer to all three questions — despite evidence of U.S.-China decoupling — is still “no.”

• Steven A. Altman is a senior research scholar, adjunct assistant professor, and director of the DHL Initiative on Globalization at the NYU Stern Center for the Future of Management .
• CB Caroline R. Bastian is a research scholar at the DHL Initiative on Globalization.

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ENCYCLOPEDIC ENTRY

Globalization.

Globalization is a term used to describe the increasing connectedness and interdependence of world cultures and economies.

Anthropology, Sociology, Social Studies, Civics, Economics

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Freight trains waiting to be loaded with cargo to transport around the United Kingdom. This cargo comes from around the world and contains all kinds of goods and products.

Photograph by Bloomberg

Globalization is a term used to describe how trade and technology have made the world into a more connected and interdependent place. Globalization also captures in its scope the economic and social changes that have come about as a result. It may be pictured as the threads of an immense spider web formed over millennia, with the number and reach of these threads increasing over time. People, money, material goods, ideas, and even disease and devastation have traveled these silken strands, and have done so in greater numbers and with greater speed than ever in the present age. When did globalization begin? The Silk Road, an ancient network of trade routes across China, Central Asia, and the Mediterranean used between 50 B.C.E. and 250 C.E., is perhaps the most well-known early example of exchanging ideas, products, and customs. As with future globalizing booms, new technologies played a key role in the Silk Road trade. Advances in metallurgy led to the creation of coins; advances in transportation led to the building of roads connecting the major empires of the day; and increased agricultural production meant more food could be trafficked between locales. Along with Chinese silk, Roman glass, and Arabian spices, ideas such as Buddhist beliefs and the secrets of paper-making also spread via these tendrils of trade. Unquestionably, these types of exchanges were accelerated in the Age of Exploration, when European explorers seeking new sea routes to the spices and silks of Asia bumped into the Americas instead. Again, technology played an important role in the maritime trade routes that flourished between old and newly discovered continents. New ship designs and the creation of the magnetic compass were key to the explorers’ successes. Trade and idea exchange now extended to a previously unconnected part of the world, where ships carrying plants, animals, and Spanish silver between the Old World and the New also carried Christian missionaries. The web of globalization continued to spin out through the Age of Revolution, when ideas about liberty , equality , and fraternity spread like fire from America to France to Latin America and beyond. It rode the waves of industrialization , colonization , and war through the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries, powered by the invention of factories, railways, steamboats, cars, and planes. With the Information Age, globalization went into overdrive. Advances in computer and communications technology launched a new global era and redefined what it meant to be “connected.” Modern communications satellites meant the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo could be watched in the United States for the first time. The World Wide Web and the Internet allowed someone in Germany to read about a breaking news story in Bolivia in real time. Someone wishing to travel from Boston, Massachusetts, to London, England, could do so in hours rather than the week or more it would have taken a hundred years ago. This digital revolution massively impacted economies across the world as well: they became more information-based and more interdependent. In the modern era, economic success or failure at one focal point of the global web can be felt in every major world economy. The benefits and disadvantages of globalization are the subject of ongoing debate. The downside to globalization can be seen in the increased risk for the transmission of diseases like ebola or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), or in the kind of environmental harm that scientist Paul R. Furumo has studied in microcosm in palm oil plantations in the tropics. Globalization has of course led to great good, too. Richer nations now can—and do—come to the aid of poorer nations in crisis. Increasing diversity in many countries has meant more opportunity to learn about and celebrate other cultures. The sense that there is a global village, a worldwide “us,” has emerged.

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Globalization →

• 12 Dec 2023
• Research & Ideas

COVID Tested Global Supply Chains. Here’s How They’ve Adapted

A global supply chain reshuffling is underway as companies seek to diversify their distribution networks in response to pandemic-related shocks, says research by Laura Alfaro. What do these shifts mean for American businesses and buyers?

• 17 Aug 2020
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Of Learning and Forgetting: Centrism, Populism, and the Legitimacy Crisis of Globalization

Cycles of liberation and regulation of global finance follow a pattern of learning and forgetting. This essay argues that liberalization and globalization created the instability and inequality that have begun to undermine the system from within.

• 23 Jun 2020

Dignity, Inequality, and the Populist Backlash: Lessons from America and Europe for a Sustainable Globalization

COVID-19 has enhanced already existing fissures undermining some societies’ commitments to globalization. Governments and firms need to act decisively to make the models of capitalism in the United States and Europe more friendly to small- and medium-sized firms, more equal in opportunity, and more meritocratic.

• 16 Apr 2020

Has COVID-19 Broken the Global Value Chain?

4Questions Companies and consumers depend on the global value chain to create and distribute products around the world. What happens when the chain breaks? Insights from Laura Alfaro and Ester Faia. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

• 17 Mar 2020
• Cold Call Podcast

Is There a Winner in Huawei’s Digital Cold War with the US?

Bill Kirby discusses his case study of China-based Huawei’s growth and ultimate confrontation with the United States government, and China's response to the coronavirus. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

• 10 Mar 2020

The Little Understood Problem Confronting Diverse Workplaces

Knitting together a diverse workforce into a common fabric is a difficult challenge for managers—and even more difficult for the workers themselves, say Lakshmi Ramarajan and Erin Reid. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

• 21 Jan 2020

China-based Fuyao Glass Considers Manufacturing in the US

Not many Chinese companies open manufacturing facilities in the US, but automotive glass maker Fuyao is considering just that. In a recent case study, Willy Shih examines factors that go into deciding where companies should locate production centers. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

• 03 Jul 2019

The Controversial History of United Fruit

Geoffrey Jones discusses the overthrow of President Jacobo Arbenz of Guatemala in 1954 in a US-backed coup supporting United Fruit Company and a key landmark in the history of globalization. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

• 15 May 2019
• Research Event

The Unconventional Capitalism That Shapes Business History

Geoffrey G. Jones reports on a business history conference studying the many shades of capitalism around the world and through time. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

• 11 Mar 2019

Branding Sells Cereal, Handbags, and Vacations. Can It Sell a Country?

Countries such as Israel now realize they need to engage in public diplomacy as well as foreign diplomacy, and in place branding, not just political advocacy, says Elie Ofek. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

• 09 Jan 2019

The UK Needs a Bold Strategy Around Competition to Survive Brexit

There is little doubt that the United Kingdom’s separation from Europe will reduce its competitiveness for the foreseeable future, argues Michael E. Porter. Here's what can be done about it. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

• 11 Dec 2018

Free Trade Needs Nurturing—and Other Lessons from History

Global free trade is not the natural order of things, so it needs to be carefully tended to and maintained. Sophus Reinert and Dante Roscini discuss trade over time and what history teaches. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

• 09 Oct 2018

Towards a New Approach for Upgrading Europe’s Competitiveness

Is the EU’s model of European integration a driver or a barrier towards higher European prosperity? This paper analyzes why the integration model that was successful in the past has lost effectiveness, and sets out strategic principles to guide a new approach. Integration remains key for upgrading European competitiveness, but needs to move towards a new form.

• 26 Sep 2018

Shifting Centers of Gravity: Host Country versus Headquarters Influences on MNC Subsidiary Knowledge Inheritance

This study compares how multinational corporation subsidiaries inherit knowledge from both the headquarters and the local context. To do so the authors analyzed seven years of data (2005–2011) of US patents filed by all subsidiaries of the top 25 US headquartered multinationals.

• 12 Apr 2018

Op-Ed: The Trouble with Tariffs

The world's economies are interconnected by globalization, which makes threats of tariff wars doubly dangerous, says Willy Shih. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

• 22 Mar 2018

Trump’s Populism: What Business Leaders Need To Understand

Whether you are a fan of populism or not, it is vital for business leaders to understand the debate around it, says Rafael Di Tella in our latest Cold Call podcast. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

• 22 Feb 2018

The New History of American Capitalism

Historians are taking a new look at capitalism in light of its adoption in most of the developed world. From the edited volume American Capitalism: New Histories, by Sven Beckert and Christine Desan, the authors delve into the evolution of these new historic views. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

• 16 Nov 2017

Language and Globalization: The Mandate to Speak English at Rakuten

Japan’s largest online retailer, Rakuten, is rapidly expanding into global markets and requiring all employees, where ever they are located, to conduct business in English. Tsedal Neeley discusses the strong connection between language and globalization. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

• 18 Oct 2017

How Economic Clusters Drive Globalization

Historical research by Valeria Giacomin shows that industrial clusters, often cited in explaining local economic growth, have had a much wider impact, especially in developing countries. Open for comment; 0 Comments.

• 29 Sep 2017

International Business and Emerging Markets: A Long-Run Perspective

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• December 2014

Market Competition, Earnings Management, and Persistence in Accounting Profitability Around the World

We examine how cross-country differences in product, capital, and labor market competition, and earnings management affect mean reversion in accounting return on assets. Using a sample of 48,465 unique firms from 49 countries, we find that accounting returns mean revert faster in countries where there is more product and capital market competition, as predicted by economic theory. Country differences in labor market competition and earnings management are also related to mean reversion in accounting returns—but the relation varies with firm performance. Country labor competition increases mean reversion when unexpected returns are positive, but dampens it when unexpected returns are negative. Accounting returns in countries with higher earnings management mean revert more slowly for profitable firms and more rapidly for loss firms. Thus, earnings management incentives to slow or speed up mean reversion in accounting returns are accentuated in countries where there is a high propensity for earnings management. Overall, these findings suggest that country factors explain mean reversion in accounting returns and are therefore relevant for firm valuation.

We examine how cross-country differences in product, capital, and labor market competition, and earnings management affect mean reversion in accounting return on assets. Using a sample of 48,465 unique firms from 49 countries, we find that accounting returns mean revert faster in countries where there is more product and capital market...

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Global economic transactions such as foreign direct investment must extend over an institutional abyss between the jurisdiction, and therefore protection, of the states involved. Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), whose members are states, represent an important attempt to span this abyss. IGOs are mandated variously to smooth economic...

Ethnic Innovation and U.S. Multinational Firm Activity

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This paper studies the impact that immigrant innovators have on the global activities of U.S. firms by analyzing detailed data on patent applications and on the operations of the foreign affiliates of U.S. multinational firms. The results indicate that increases in the share of a firm's innovation performed by inventors of a particular ethnicity...

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Multinational enterprises (MNEs) operate across countries that vary widely in their legal, political, and regulatory institutions. One question that arises is whether there are certain minimum standards that ought to guide managers in their decision making independently of local institutional requirements, especially when institutional arrangements are incomplete. This chapter examines what follows if managers recognize two kinds of duties of forbearance in their decision making that are commonly held to be among the most minimal of moral duties: the duty not to harm and the duty not to violate the liberty of others. The chapter concludes that the standards for MNEs may be more demanding than what the minimalist nature of duties of forbearance initially would suggest.

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) operate across countries that vary widely in their legal, political, and regulatory institutions. One question that arises is whether there are certain minimum standards that ought to guide managers in their decision making independently of local institutional requirements, especially when institutional...

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We examine the heterogeneous effects of globalization on the interest rate setting by microfinance institutions (MFIs) around the world. We consider MFIs as a mechanism to overcome the institutional void of credit for small entrepreneurs in developing and emerging economies. Using a large global panel of MFIs from 119 countries, we find that social globalization that embraces egalitarian institutions on average reduces MFIs' interest rates. In contrast, economic globalization that embraces neoliberal institutions on average increases MFIs' interest rates. Moreover, the proportions of female borrowers and of poorer borrowers negatively moderate the relationship between social globalization and MFI interest rate, and positively moderate the relationship between economic globalization and MFI interest rate. This paper contributes to understanding how globalization processes can both ameliorate and exacerbate challenges of institutional voids in emerging and developing economies.

We examine the heterogeneous effects of globalization on the interest rate setting by microfinance institutions (MFIs) around the world. We consider MFIs as a mechanism to overcome the institutional void of credit for small entrepreneurs in developing and emerging economies. Using a large global panel of MFIs from 119 countries, we find that...

Global Initiative

The globalization of business has long encouraged Harvard Business School (HBS) faculty to research international business practices and the effects of globalization. Seminal contributions - Christopher Bartlett on managing across borders , Michael Porter on competition in global industries , and Louis Wells on foreign investment in emerging markets - helped pave today’s global research path. Supported by eight Global Research Centers that facilitate our contact with global companies and the collection of international data, key investigations concentrate on the effectiveness of management practices in global organizations; cross-cultural learning and adaptation processes; the challenges of taking companies global; emerging-market companies with global potential; and international political economy and its impact on economic development.

The Global Initiative builds on a legacy of global engagement by supporting faculty, students, and alumni in their work, and encouraging a global outlook in research, study, and practice.

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HIS 100 - Perspectives in History

Globalization.

Image by Adolfo Felix, retrieved via Unsplash

The world has always been a diverse and dynamic place, and the blending of cultures and ideals is often met with mixed results. If this is an area of interest to you, please select one of the three historical events on the menu to the left for your course work. Below you can learn more about each topic first by clicking on the title. 

Creation of the UN This link opens in a new window

Act Prohibiting the Importation of Slaves This link opens in a new window

Founding of NATO This link opens in a new window

Each of these topics listed above are linked to a Research Starter, which is a  tertiary source . Tertiary sources are great to get background information on a topic, but these are not meant to be cited in your assignment. Once you click on the topic of your choice from the menu, you will find a number of primary and secondary sources to use in your assignment. Read through each source to learn more about your chosen historical event. 

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• Q&A: Exploring ethnic dynamics and climate change in Africa

Q&A: Exploring ethnic dynamics and climate change in Africa

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Evan Lieberman is the Total Professor of Political Science and Contemporary Africa at MIT, and is also director of the Center for International Studies. During a semester-long sabbatical, he’s currently based at the African Climate and Development Initiative at the University of Cape Town .

In this Q&A, Lieberman discusses several climate-related research projects he’s pursuing in South Africa and surrounding countries. This is part of an ongoing series exploring how the School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences is addressing the climate crisis.

Q: South Africa is a nation whose political and economic development you have long studied and written about. Do you see this visit as an extension of the kind of research you have been pursuing, or a departure from it?

A: Much of my previous work has been animated by the question of understanding the causes and consequences of group-based disparities, whether due to AIDS or Covid. These are problems that know no geographic boundaries, and where ethnic and racial minorities are often hardest hit. Climate change is an analogous problem, with these minority populations living in places where they are most vulnerable, in heat islands in cities, and in coastal areas where they are not protected. The reality is they might get hit much harder by longer-term trends and immediate shocks.

In one line of research, I seek to understand how people in different African countries, in different ethnic groups, perceive the problems of climate change and their governments’ response to it. There are ethnic divisions of labor in terms of what people do — whether they are farmers or pastoralists, or live in cities. So some ethnic groups are simply more affected by drought or extreme weather than others, and this can be a basis for conflict, especially when competing for often limited government resources.

In this area, just like in my previous research, learning what shapes ordinary citizen perspectives is really important, because these views affect people’s everyday practices, and the extent to which they support certain kinds of policies and investments their government makes in response to climate-related challenges. But I will also try to learn more about the perspectives of policymakers and various development partners who seek to balance climate-related challenges against a host of other problems and priorities.

Q: You recently published “ Until We Have Won Our Liberty ," which examines the difficult transition of South Africa from apartheid to a democratic government, scrutinizing in particular whether the quality of life for citizens has improved in terms of housing, employment, discrimination, and ethnic conflicts. How do climate change-linked issues fit into your scholarship?

A: I never saw myself as a climate researcher, but a number of years ago, heavily influenced by what I was learning at MIT, I began to recognize more and more how important the issue of climate change is. And I realized there were lots of ways in which the climate problem resonated with other kinds of problems I had tackled in earlier parts of my work.

There was once a time when climate and the environment was the purview primarily of white progressives: the “tree huggers.” And that’s really changed in recent decades as it has become evident that the people who've been most affected by the climate emergency are ethnic and racial minorities. We saw with Hurricane Katrina and other places [that] if you are Black, you’re more likely to live in a vulnerable area and to just generally experience more environmental harms, from pollution and emissions, leaving these communities much less resilient than white communities. Government has largely not addressed this inequity. When you look at American survey data in terms of who’s concerned about climate change, Black Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans are more unified in their worries than are white Americans.

There are analogous problems in Africa, my career research focus. Governments there have long responded in different ways to different ethnic groups. The research I am starting looks at the extent to which there are disparities in how governments try to solve climate-related challenges.

Q: It’s difficult enough in the United States taking the measure of different groups’ perceptions of the impact of climate change and government’s effectiveness in contending with it. How do you go about this in Africa?

A: Surprisingly, there’s only been a little bit of work done so far on how ordinary African citizens, who are ostensibly being hit the hardest in the world by the climate emergency, are thinking about this problem. Climate change has not been politicized there in a very big way. In fact, only 50 percent of Africans in one poll had heard of the term.

In one of my new projects, with political science faculty colleague Devin Caughey and political science doctoral student Preston Johnston, we are analyzing social and climate survey data [generated by the Afrobarometer research network] from over 30 African countries to understand within and across countries the ways in which ethnic identities structure people’s perception of the climate crisis, and their beliefs in what government ought to be doing. In largely agricultural African societies, people routinely experience drought, extreme rain, and heat. They also lack the infrastructure that can shield them from the intense variability of weather patterns. But we’re adding a lens, which is looking at sources of inequality, especially ethnic differences.

I will also be investigating specific sectors. Africa is a continent where in most places people cannot take for granted universal, piped access to clean water. In Cape Town, several years ago, the combination of failure to replace infrastructure and lack of rain caused such extreme conditions that one of the world’s most important cities almost ran out of water.

While these studies are in progress, it is clear that in many countries, there are substantively large differences in perceptions of the severity of climate change, and attitudes about who should be doing what, and who’s capable of doing what. In several countries, both perceptions and policy preferences are differentiated along ethnic lines, more so than with respect to generational or class differences within societies.

This is interesting as a phenomenon, but substantively, I think it’s important in that it may provide the basis for how politicians and government actors decide to move on allocating resources and implementing climate-protection policies. We see this kind of political calculation in the U.S. and we shouldn’t be surprised that it happens in Africa as well.

That’s ultimately one of the challenges from the perch of MIT, where we’re really interested in understanding climate change, and creating technological tools and policies for mitigating the problem or adapting to it. The reality is frustrating. The political world — those who make decisions about whether to acknowledge the problem and whether to implement resources in the best technical way — are playing a whole other game. That game is about rewarding key supporters and being reelected.

Q: So how do you go from measuring perceptions and beliefs among citizens about climate change and government responsiveness to those problems, to policies and actions that might actually reduce disparities in the way climate-vulnerable African groups receive support?

A: Some of the work I have been doing involves understanding what local and national governments across Africa are actually doing to address these problems. We will have to drill down into government budgets to determine the actual resources devoted to addressing a challenge, what sorts of practices the government follows, and the political ramifications for governments that act aggressively versus those that don’t. With the Cape Town water crisis, for example, the government dramatically changed residents’ water usage through naming and shaming, and transformed institutional practices of water collection. They made it through a major drought by using much less water, and doing it with greater energy efficiency. Through the government’s strong policy and implementation, and citizens’ active responses, an entire city, with all its disparate groups, gained resilience. Maybe we can highlight creative solutions to major climate-related problems and use them as prods to push more effective policies and solutions in other places.

In the MIT Global Diversity Lab , along with political science faculty colleague Volha Charnysh, political science doctoral student Jared Kalow, and Institute for Data, Systems and Society doctoral student Erin Walk, we are exploring American perspectives on climate-related foreign aid, asking survey respondents whether the U.S. should be giving more to people in the global South who didn’t cause the problems of climate change but have to suffer the externalities. We are particularly interested in whether people’s desire to help vulnerable communities rests on the racial or national identity of those communities.

From my new seat as director of the Center for International Studies (CIS), I hope to do more and more to connect social science findings to relevant policymakers, whether in the U.S. or in other places. CIS is making climate one of our thematic priority areas, directing hundreds of thousands of dollars for MIT faculty to spark climate collaborations with researchers worldwide through the Global Seed Fund program. 

COP 28 (the U.N. Climate Change Conference), which I attended in December in Dubai, really drove home the importance of people coming together from around the world to exchange ideas and form networks. It was unbelievably large, with 85,000 people. But so many of us shared the belief that we are not doing enough. We need enforceable global solutions and innovation. We need ways of financing. We need to provide opportunities for journalists to broadcast the importance of this problem. And we need to understand the incentives that different actors have and what sorts of messages and strategies will resonate with them, and inspire those who have resources to be more generous.

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China’s Approach to Foreign Policy Gets Largely Negative Reviews in 24-Country Survey

Still, views of china – and its soft power – are more positive in middle-income countries, table of contents.

• Road map to the report
• How views of China have changed in recent years
• Views of China by age group
• How views of China’s international behavior have changed over time
• Most say China does not contribute to world peace and stability
• China seen as interventionist
• How opinions about which country is the world’s top economy have changed in recent years
• Many who see China as the world’s leading economic power also see it as a good thing
• Chinese investment seen as an economic benefit
• How views of Chinese soft power vary by age
• Views of Chinese technology
• How confidence in Xi has changed over time
• How confidence in Xi varies by age
• Acknowledgments
• Methodology

This Pew Research Center analysis focuses on public opinion of China and President Xi Jinping in 24 countries in North America, Europe, the Middle East, the Asia-Pacific region, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. The report explores views of China’s role in the world, including as an economic power, and perceptions of Chinese soft power. This is the first year since 2019 that the Global Attitudes Survey has included countries from Africa and Latin America, which were not included more recently due to the coronavirus outbreak .

For non-U.S. data, this report draws on nationally representative surveys of 27,285 adults conducted from Feb. 20 to May 22, 2023. All surveys were conducted over the phone with adults in Canada, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, South Korea, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Surveys were conducted face to face in Argentina, Brazil, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, Poland and South Africa. In Australia, we used a mixed-mode probability-based online panel.

In the United States, we surveyed 3,576 U.S. adults from March 20 to 26, 2023. Everyone who took part in this survey is a member of the Center’s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the ATP’s methodology .

Here are the questions used for the report , along with responses, and the survey methodology .

Views of China are broadly negative across 24 countries in a new Pew Research Center survey: A median of 67% of adults express unfavorable views of the country, while 28% have a favorable opinion.

Negative views extend to evaluations of China’s international actions. Despite several high-profile diplomatic initiatives by Beijing over the past year – such as brokering a peace deal between Saudi Arabia and Iran and issuing a 12-point proposal for the end of violence in Ukraine – a median of 71% think China does not contribute to global peace and stability.

Most people also think China does not take into account the interests of other countries in its foreign policy (76%) and a median of 57% say China interferes in the affairs of other nations a great deal or fair amount.

Still, attitudes toward China are somewhat rosier in middle-income than high-income countries. Across eight middle-income countries – places Pew Research Center has not surveyed since 2019 due to the challenges of conducting face-to-face interviews during the pandemic – India stands out as the only middle-income country in which a majority has unfavorable views of China. And in three middle-income countries – Kenya, Mexico and Nigeria – a majority even gives China a positive rating.

Fewer in these middle-income countries also criticize China’s global behavior, and many more see China’s “soft power” appeal. Indeed, publics in these middle-income countries offer relatively favorable ratings for China’s entertainment products, its universities and its standard of living – while few in most high-income countries agree.

Across all 24 countries surveyed, however, there is more agreement about China’s technology. A median of 69% describe China’s technological achievements as the best or above average relative to other wealthy nations, with similar shares in high- and middle-income countries. A median of 54% also see China’s military as among the best in the world.

But views of the country as the world’s foremost economic power have faltered somewhat in recent years. More people now name the United States as the top economic power than China (a median of 42% vs. 33%, respectively). Much of this shift has come in high-income countries, where the share naming China has fallen in nearly every surveyed country – including by double digits in Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and Sweden.

In the U.S., where equal shares (43%) called China and the U.S. the world’s leading economic power in 2022, views have shifted significantly over the past year ; now, Americans are 10 percentage points more likely to name the U.S. than China (48% vs. 38%). (For more on American views of China, read “ Americans are Critical of China’s Global Role – as Well as Its Relationship With Russia ”.)

These findings come from a new Pew Research Center survey conducted from Feb. 20 to May 22, 2023, among more than 30,000 people in 24 countries. Below are some of the other findings regarding China’s overall image, views of Chinese foreign policy, ratings of President Xi Jinping, opinions about Chinese soft power and its economic power.

Overall ratings for China

Across many high-income countries surveyed, which are in North America, Western Europe and parts of the Asia-Pacific region, a large majority has unfavorable views of China, as has been the case for multiple years . Indeed, in almost every high-income country surveyed, negative views currently stand at or near historic highs. In most countries, this does not reflect a significant increase over last year; rather, negative views have simply remained high in recent years. One notable exception is Poland, where negative views have increased 12 points during a period of strained bilateral relations , perhaps related to China’s handling of the war in Ukraine.

Views of China in middle-income countries are relatively more positive. Still, negative ratings in most of these countries have also grown since the countries were last surveyed, pre-pandemic. In South Africa and Mexico, for example, opinions have turned somewhat more negative since 2019, and in Argentina, Brazil and India, negative views have even reached historic highs. In India, military conflicts along a contested border may have contributed to the 21 percentage point increase in unfavorable opinion.

China’s role on the world stage

Majorities in most countries do not think China takes into account the interests of countries like theirs. In Canada, France, Israel, Spain and Sweden, around half or more say China doesn’t consider them at all . Only in the three sub-Saharan African countries surveyed, as well as in Indonesia, does around half or more of the public feel like China listens to their country.

A median of 71% also think China does little or nothing at all to contribute to global peace and stability, compared with a median of 23% who say it is doing a great deal or a fair amount. Australians, Canadians, Indians, Israelis and South Koreans are particularly likely to say China is doing nothing at all to help with global peace and stability.

Most also see China as an interventionist power. A median of 57% say China does interfere a great deal or a fair amount in the affairs of other countries, while a median of 35% say it does not do so much or at all. Around seven-in-ten or more in Australia, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Spain and the U.S. see China getting involved in the affairs of other countries – and many of these places also stood out for the high share who said China’s involvement in domestic politics in their own country was a very serious problem in a 2022 Pew Research Center survey .

But the country which is most likely to see China interfering in the affairs of other countries in this year’s survey is Italy (82%). Italy, which was the only G7 country to join China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) , was debating leaving the initiative at the time that the survey was conducted, but treading delicately for fear of stoking possible Chinese retribution against Italian businesses.

Attitudes toward Xi

Few in the 24 countries surveyed have confidence in Chinese President Xi Jinping to do the right thing regarding world affairs. Across most of Western Europe, the U.S., Canada and much of the Asia-Pacific region, around half in each country say they have no confidence in him at all . Indonesia, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa stand out as the only countries where a majority or plurality have confidence in his leadership.

Confidence in Xi is closely related to views of China more broadly. In each country surveyed people with unfavorable views of China are more likely to have little confidence in the Chinese president, and vice versa.

Chinese soft power

When it comes to elements often considered part of a country’s “soft power,” China’s technological achievements receive high marks, though fewer say the same about its universities, entertainment products or standard of living.

In fact, outside of South Korea, nearly half or more in every country say Chinese technological advancements are the best in the world or above average relative to other wealthy nations. And in many of the middle-income countries, around four-in-ten call Chinese technology the best in the world.

Middle-income countries – many of which are increasingly reliant on Chinese companies like Huawei for components of their 4G and 5G systems – were also asked specifically about technology such as phones, tablets or computers made by Chinese companies. Across these eight countries, there is a relatively widespread sense that these products are well-made. Middle-income publics are more divided when it comes to their cost: A median of 50% describe them as inexpensive, while 44% call them costly.

They are also somewhat divided when it comes to whether technological products made by Chinese companies protect people’s personal data (a median of 45%) or make their data unsafe (40%). (Americans were asked a different but related question about Chinese social media companies; large majorities have little confidence that they will use personal information responsibly or follow privacy policies.)

In every country, at least a plurality – and often a majority – also see China’s “hard power,” its military, as one of the best in the world or above average.

Chinese economic power

Fewer name China as the world’s leading economic power than the U.S. (a median of 33% vs. 42%). And, in many countries, the share naming China as the world’s leading economy has gone down in recent years.

Interestingly, China’s image as an economic superpower is stronger in high-income countries than middle-income ones. Italy, for example, is the only country where a majority (55%) calls China the leading economic power.

Still, people in middle-income countries do recognize economic benefits from their relations with China. A different survey question, asked only in these countries, finds that around half or more in six middle-income countries say their nation’s economy has benefited a great deal or a fair amount from Chinese investment. In Nigeria, Kenya and South Africa, around seven-in-ten or more say this.

In the U.S., Americans were also asked to name the country which poses the top threat to the U.S. Not only was China the top answer, by far, but Americans see it as both an economic and a national security threat – in sharp contrast to Russia, which is primarily seen as a security threat. To read more about this related analysis, see “ Americans name China as the top threat facing the U.S. ”

The chapters that follow discuss these findings and others in more detail:

• Chapter 1 looks at overall opinion of China across the countries surveyed, including how perceptions have shifted over the years
• Chapter 2 considers the negative and positive roles China plays in international affairs
• Chapter 3 reviews global public opinion about which country is the world’s leading economic power
• Chapter 4 explores perceptions of Chinese soft power, summarizing how people across 24 countries rate China compared with other wealthy nations
• Chapter 5 examines confidence in Chinese President Xi Jinping to do the right thing in world affairs

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Americans Remain Critical of China

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ABOUT PEW RESEARCH CENTER  Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of  The Pew Charitable Trusts .

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Academic Integrity and Undue Foreign Interference

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Global Engagement Review Program

GERP is a voluntary advisory process created to evaluate potential undue foreign influence risks in the context of maintaining our open and welcoming community. The program coordinates input from multiple offices that advise on various aspects of foreign engagements to assess risks related to undue foreign influence, research security and integrity.

Faculty or administrators may recommend or request GERP review by contacting the GERP Director. When an engagement presents an elevated risk, the director will work with the GERP Staff Committee of subject matter experts to assess risk and develop recommendations that support academic and research goals. On rare occasions the GERP Staff Committee may determine that the risks associated with an engagement are exceptionally high. When this happens, the GERP Staff Committee will refer the matter to the GERP Faculty Committee who will review the engagement and provide guidance and recommendations to the faculty or staff member requesting review. Contact GERP Director Jessa Albertson at [email protected] for more information.

OSTP Guidelines for Federal Research Agencies Regarding Foreign Talent Recruitment Programs. February 14, 2024

NSF Research Security Training.  January 2024

DOD: Department of Defense Strengthening Efforts to Counter Unwanted Foreign Influence on DOD-Funded Research at Institutions of Higher Education. June 30, 2023

DOD: Letter to the academic community regarding risks related to improper foreign interference . October 10, 2019

DARPA: Countering Foreign Influence Policy

Stanford Guidance: Contact with law enforcement 

FGTRPs are programs sponsored by foreign governments to recruit faculty, researchers or students to support the sponsoring county’s interests. Sponsors may include national, regional or local governments as well as non-U.S. universities. Many governments sponsor FGTRPs for legitimate and mutually beneficial purposes. However, some FGTRPs may require or incentivize activities that are contrary to regulations, policies, and core research values. The U.S. government has expressed serious concerns about FGTRPs sponsored by the governments of China, Russia, Iran and North Korea and covered individuals participating in "Malign Foreign Government Talent Recruitment Programs" are prohibited from participating in federally funded research and development. Participation in these programs should always be approved by your School Dean, disclosed to Stanford and federal funding agencies.

The CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 (Public Law 117-167) requires federal research agencies to establish policies requiring covered individuals to certify that they are not a member of a malign foreign talent recruitment program at proposal submission and annually thereafter for the duration of the award.

The CHIPS and Science Act defines "Malign Foreign Government Talent Recruitment Programs" as:

A. Any program, position, or activity that includes compensation in the form of cash, in-kind compensation, including research funding, promised future compensation, complimentary foreign travel, things of non de minimis value, honorific titles, career advancement opportunities, or other types of remuneration or consideration directly provided by a foreign country at any level (national, provincial, or local) or their designee, or an entity based in, funded by, or affiliated with a foreign country, whether or not directly sponsored by the foreign country, to the targeted individual, whether directly or indirectly stated in the arrangement, contract, or other documentation at issue, in exchange for the individual—

(i) engaging in the unauthorized transfer of intellectual property, materials, data products, or other nonpublic information owned by a United States entity or developed with a Federal research and development award to the government of a foreign country, or an entity based in, funded by, or affiliated with a foreign country regardless of whether that government or entity provided support for the development of the intellectual property, materials, or data products;

(ii) being required to recruit trainees or researchers to enroll in such program, position, or activity;

(iii) establishing a laboratory or company, accepting a faculty position, or undertaking any other employment or appointment in a foreign country or with an entity based in, funded by, or affiliated with a foreign country if such activities are in violation of the standard terms and conditions of a Federal research and development award;

(iv) being unable to terminate the foreign talent recruitment program contract or agreement except in extraordinary circumstances;

(v) through funding or effort related to the foreign talent recruitment program, being limited in the capacity to carry out a research and development award or required to engage in work that would result in substantial overlap or duplication with a Federal research and development award;

(vi) being required to apply for and successfully receive funding from the sponsoring foreign government’s funding agencies with the sponsoring foreign organization as the recipient;

(vii) being required to omit acknowledgment of the recipient institution with which the individual is affiliated, or the Federal research agency sponsoring the research and development award, contrary to the institutional policies or standard terms and conditions of the Federal research and development award;

(viii) being required to not disclose to the Federal research agency or employing institution the participation of such individual in such program, position, or activity; or

(ix) having a conflict of interest or conflict of commitment contrary to the standard terms and conditions of the Federal research and development award; and

B) a program that is sponsored by—

i) A foreign country of concern or an entity based in a foreign country of concern, whether or not directly sponsored by the foreign country of concern; Currently China, North Korea, Russia, Iran

ii) An academic institution on the list developed under section 1286(c)(8) of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (10 U.S.C. 2358 note; Public Law 115-232); or 

iii) A foreign talent recruitment program on the list developed under section 1286(c)(9) of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (10 U.S.C. 2358 note; Public Law 115-232). Both lists can be found in DOD's Countering Unwanted Foreign Influence policy. 

A foreign talent recruitment program is defined as any program, position, or activity that includes compensation in the form of cash, in-kind compensation, including research funding, promised future compensation, complimentary foreign travel, things of non de minimis value, honorific titles, career advancement opportunities, or other types of remuneration or consideration directly provided by a foreign country at any level (national, provincial, or local) or their designee, or an entity based in, funded by, or affiliated with a foreign country, whether or not directly sponsored by the foreign country, to an individual, whether directly or indirectly stated in the arrangement, contract, or other documentation at issue.

The following activity is not considered a FGTRP

• Making scholarly presentations and publishing written materials regarding scientific information not otherwise controlled under current law;
• Participating in international conferences or other international exchanges, research projects or programs that involve open and reciprocal exchange of scientific information, and which are aimed at advancing international scientific understanding and not otherwise controlled under current law;
• Advising a foreign student enrolled at an institution of higher education or writing a recommendation for such a student, at such student's request; and
• Activities that are partly sponsored or otherwise supported by the United States such as serving as a government appointee to the board of a joint scientific fund (e.g., the U.S.-Israel Binational Industrial Research and Development Foundation); providing advice to or otherwise participating in international technical  organizations, multilateral scientific organizations, and standards setting bodies (e.g., the International Telecommunications Union, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, etc.); participating in a Fulbright Commission program funded in whole or in part by a host country government; or other routine international scientific exchanges and interactions such as providing invited lectures or participating in international peer review panels.
• Involvement in national or international academies or professional societies that produce publications in the open scientific literature that are not in conflict with the interests of the federal research agency (e.g., membership in the Pontifical Academy of Sciences or The Royal Society).
• Taking a sabbatical, serving as a visiting scholar, or engaging in continuing education activities such as receiving a doctorate or professional certification at an institution of higher education (e.g., the University of Oxford, McGill University) that are not in conflict with the interests of the federal research agency.
• Receiving awards for research and development which serve to enhance the prestige of the federal research agency (e.g., the Nobel Prize)
• Other international activities determined appropriate by the federal research agency head or designee

The following have been identified by DOD as, "Foreign Talent Programs that Pose a Threat to National Security Interests of the United States". These programs are considered Malign Foreign Government Talent Recruitment Programs. Covered personnel in federally funded research are prohibited from participating in these programs. 

1. Changjiang Scholar Distinguished Professorship

2. Hundred Talents Plan

3. Pearl River Talent Program

4. Project 5-100

5. River Talents Plan

7. Thousand Talents Plan

Note: "Malign" talent programs are not limited to the programs listed above. Review the definition of Malign Foreign Government Talent Recruitment Programs closely. 

Georgetown University’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology “CSET” Chinese Talent Program Tracker provides a non-exhaustive list of programs. You can review the list here .

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NPR:  Congress tightens U.S. manufacturing rules after battery technology ends up in China   - January 30, 2023

DOJ. Castro Valley Resident Pleads Guilty To Illegally Exporting American Aviation Technology To Beijing University - January 17, 2023

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2022.  Protecting U.S. Technological Advantage   - 2022

MIT:  University Engagement with China: An MIT Approach - November, 2022

WSJ.  U.S.-China Tensions Fuel Outflow of Chinese Scientists From U.S. Universities - September 22, 2022

NYT.  Russian Scientists Face Isolation Following Invasion of Ukraine -  March 12, 2022

NSF Pre-award and Post-award Disclosures Table - updated January 10, 2022

Guidance for Implementing National Security Presidential Memorandum 33 (NSPM-33) . This document provides guidance to Federal departments and agencies for implementing NSPM-33 on National Security Strategy for U.S. Government-Supported Research and Development - January 4, 2022

Clear Rules for Research Security and Researcher Responsibility, Statement from Dr. Eric Lander, President Biden's Science Advisor and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) - August 10, 2021

NIH Foreign Interference Summary of Findings, Background information and summary of compliance reviews and findings from Dr. Mike Lauer , Deputy Director for Extramural Research at NIH - July 2021

NIH Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Other Support and Foreign Components, New and Updated FAQs

A Renewed U.S. Commitment to International Education, Joint Statement from U.S. Departments of State and Education - July 2021

Recommended Practices for Strengthening the Security and Integrity of America's Science and Technology Research Enterprise, Report from the National Science and Technology Council Joint Committee on the Research Environment (JCORE) - January 19, 2021

NIH Protecting U.S. Biomedical Intellectual Innovation , NIH and the biomedical research enterprise have a long history of International collaborations with rules of engagement that allow science to advance while also protecting intellectual capital and proprietary information of the participating countries. These rules of engagement also are designed to limit bias in the design, conduct, and reporting of NIH-supported research. This page describes actions that NIH, institutions, and researchers can take to protect U.S. biomedical intellectual innovation. The principles described here align with those announced by the  White House's Office and Science and Technology Policy in June 2020 .

U.S. Senators’ Letter to American Hospital Association , emphasizing disclosure requirements to NIH and seeking information about foreign influence measures taken by institutions - January 22, 2020

Science article on Moffitt Cancer Center resignations as a result of failures to disclose foreign relationships, January  19, 2020, and publicly released report of an internal investigation - January 17, 2020

-  Science Magazine Article

-  Report of Investigation

Science and Security Concerts Continue to Grow , NIH - December 16, 2019

NIH Other Support and Foreign Components  FAQ  - August 6, 2019

NSF Director, Dr. France Córdova,  Dear Colleague Letter  on Research Protection - July 11, 2019

NIH, Office of the Director,  Reminders of NIH Policies on Other Support and on Policies related to Financial Conflicts of Interest and Foreign Components (NOT-OD-19-114)  - July 10, 2019

NIH Advisory Group to the Director, Working Group on Foreign Influences on Research Integrity Update  - June 19, 2019

NSF Response to Senator Charles Grassley's Letter   - April 26, 2019

Survey by AAU and APLU of  Actions Taken by Universities to Address Growing Concerns about Security Threats and Undue Foreign Influence on Campus  – April 22, 2019.

Letter from Senator Charles Grassley to the Director of the National Science Foundation  - April 15, 2019

Memo from the Under Secretary of Defense on Actions for the Protection of Intellectual Property, Controlled Information, Key Personnel, and Critical Technologies  - March 20, 2019

New DOE policies would block many foreign research collaborations , Science Magazine – February 8, 2019

Foreign Influences on Research Integrity  - 117th Meeting of the Advisory Committee to the Director of the NIH -  December 13, 2108

Statement by the Association of American Universities  - October 23, 2018

Foreign Influence Letter to Grantees  - Dr Francis Collins, Director, NIH -August 20, 2018

The  FY19 National Defense Authorization Act  includes a provision alluding to the restriction of federal funding to institutions doing business with certain Chinese telecommunications companies - August 13, 2018

NIH Notice NOT-OD-18-160 Financial Conflict of Interest: Investigator Disclosures of Foreign Financial Interests  - March 30, 2018

DOE P 485.1, Foreign Engagements with DOE National Laboratories  –  DOE Office of Science - January 19, 2017

Created: 03.02.2021

Updated: 05.20.2024

McKinsey Global Private Markets Review 2024: Private markets in a slower era

At a glance, macroeconomic challenges continued.

McKinsey Global Private Markets Review 2024: Private markets: A slower era

If 2022 was a tale of two halves, with robust fundraising and deal activity in the first six months followed by a slowdown in the second half, then 2023 might be considered a tale of one whole. Macroeconomic headwinds persisted throughout the year, with rising financing costs, and an uncertain growth outlook taking a toll on private markets. Full-year fundraising continued to decline from 2021’s lofty peak, weighed down by the “denominator effect” that persisted in part due to a less active deal market. Managers largely held onto assets to avoid selling in a lower-multiple environment, fueling an activity-dampening cycle in which distribution-starved limited partners (LPs) reined in new commitments.

About the authors

This article is a summary of a larger report, available as a PDF, that is a collaborative effort by Fredrik Dahlqvist , Alastair Green , Paul Maia, Alexandra Nee , David Quigley , Aditya Sanghvi , Connor Mangan, John Spivey, Rahel Schneider, and Brian Vickery , representing views from McKinsey’s Private Equity & Principal Investors Practice.

Performance in most private asset classes remained below historical averages for a second consecutive year. Decade-long tailwinds from low and falling interest rates and consistently expanding multiples seem to be things of the past. As private market managers look to boost performance in this new era of investing, a deeper focus on revenue growth and margin expansion will be needed now more than ever.

Perspectives on a slower era in private markets

Global fundraising contracted.

Fundraising fell 22 percent across private market asset classes globally to just over $1 trillion, as of year-end reported data—the lowest total since 2017. Fundraising in North America, a rare bright spot in 2022, declined in line with global totals, while in Europe, fundraising proved most resilient, falling just 3 percent. In Asia, fundraising fell precipitously and now sits 72 percent below the region’s 2018 peak.

Despite difficult fundraising conditions, headwinds did not affect all strategies or managers equally. Private equity (PE) buyout strategies posted their best fundraising year ever, and larger managers and vehicles also fared well, continuing the prior year’s trend toward greater fundraising concentration.

The numerator effect persisted

Despite a marked recovery in the denominator—the 1,000 largest US retirement funds grew 7 percent in the year ending September 2023, after falling 14 percent the prior year, for example 1 “U.S. retirement plans recover half of 2022 losses amid no-show recession,” Pensions and Investments , February 12, 2024. —many LPs remain overexposed to private markets relative to their target allocations. LPs started 2023 overweight: according to analysis from CEM Benchmarking, average allocations across PE, infrastructure, and real estate were at or above target allocations as of the beginning of the year. And the numerator grew throughout the year, as a lack of exits and rebounding valuations drove net asset values (NAVs) higher. While not all LPs strictly follow asset allocation targets, our analysis in partnership with global private markets firm StepStone Group suggests that an overallocation of just one percentage point can reduce planned commitments by as much as 10 to 12 percent per year for five years or more.

Despite these headwinds, recent surveys indicate that LPs remain broadly committed to private markets. In fact, the majority plan to maintain or increase allocations over the medium to long term.

Investors fled to known names and larger funds

Fundraising concentration reached its highest level in over a decade, as investors continued to shift new commitments in favor of the largest fund managers. The 25 most successful fundraisers collected 41 percent of aggregate commitments to closed-end funds (with the top five managers accounting for nearly half that total). Closed-end fundraising totals may understate the extent of concentration in the industry overall, as the largest managers also tend to be more successful in raising non-institutional capital.

While the largest funds grew even larger—the largest vehicles on record were raised in buyout, real estate, infrastructure, and private debt in 2023—smaller and newer funds struggled. Fewer than 1,700 funds of less than $1 billion were closed during the year, half as many as closed in 2022 and the fewest of any year since 2012. New manager formation also fell to the lowest level since 2012, with just 651 new firms launched in 2023.

Whether recent fundraising concentration and a spate of M&A activity signals the beginning of oft-rumored consolidation in the private markets remains uncertain, as a similar pattern developed in each of the last two fundraising downturns before giving way to renewed entrepreneurialism among general partners (GPs) and commitment diversification among LPs. Compared with how things played out in the last two downturns, perhaps this movie really is different, or perhaps we’re watching a trilogy reusing a familiar plotline.

Dry powder inventory spiked (again)

Private markets assets under management totaled $13.1 trillion as of June 30, 2023, and have grown nearly 20 percent per annum since 2018. Dry powder reserves—the amount of capital committed but not yet deployed—increased to $3.7 trillion, marking the ninth consecutive year of growth. Dry powder inventory—the amount of capital available to GPs expressed as a multiple of annual deployment—increased for the second consecutive year in PE, as new commitments continued to outpace deal activity. Inventory sat at 1.6 years in 2023, up markedly from the 0.9 years recorded at the end of 2021 but still within the historical range. NAV grew as well, largely driven by the reluctance of managers to exit positions and crystallize returns in a depressed multiple environment.

Private equity strategies diverged

Buyout and venture capital, the two largest PE sub-asset classes, charted wildly different courses over the past 18 months. Buyout notched its highest fundraising year ever in 2023, and its performance improved, with funds posting a (still paltry) 5 percent net internal rate of return through September 30. And although buyout deal volumes declined by 19 percent, 2023 was still the third-most-active year on record. In contrast, venture capital (VC) fundraising declined by nearly 60 percent, equaling its lowest total since 2015, and deal volume fell by 36 percent to the lowest level since 2019. VC funds returned –3 percent through September, posting negative returns for seven consecutive quarters. VC was the fastest-growing—as well as the highest-performing—PE strategy by a significant margin from 2010 to 2022, but investors appear to be reevaluating their approach in the current environment.

Private equity entry multiples contracted

PE buyout entry multiples declined by roughly one turn from 11.9 to 11.0 times EBITDA, slightly outpacing the decline in public market multiples (down from 12.1 to 11.3 times EBITDA), through the first nine months of 2023. For nearly a decade leading up to 2022, managers consistently sold assets into a higher-multiple environment than that in which they had bought those assets, providing a substantial performance tailwind for the industry. Nowhere has this been truer than in technology. After experiencing more than eight turns of multiple expansion from 2009 to 2021 (the most of any sector), technology multiples have declined by nearly three turns in the past two years, 50 percent more than in any other sector. Overall, roughly two-thirds of the total return for buyout deals that were entered in 2010 or later and exited in 2021 or before can be attributed to market multiple expansion and leverage. Now, with falling multiples and higher financing costs, revenue growth and margin expansion are taking center stage for GPs.

Real estate receded

Demand uncertainty, slowing rent growth, and elevated financing costs drove cap rates higher and made price discovery challenging, all of which weighed on deal volume, fundraising, and investment performance. Global closed-end fundraising declined 34 percent year over year, and funds returned −4 percent in the first nine months of the year, losing money for the first time since the 2007–08 global financial crisis. Capital shifted away from core and core-plus strategies as investors sought liquidity via redemptions in open-end vehicles, from which net outflows reached their highest level in at least two decades. Opportunistic strategies benefited from this shift, with investors focusing on capital appreciation over income generation in a market where alternative sources of yield have grown more attractive. Rising interest rates widened bid–ask spreads and impaired deal volume across food groups, including in what were formerly hot sectors: multifamily and industrial.

Private debt pays dividends

Debt again proved to be the most resilient private asset class against a turbulent market backdrop. Fundraising declined just 13 percent, largely driven by lower commitments to direct lending strategies, for which a slower PE deal environment has made capital deployment challenging. The asset class also posted the highest returns among all private asset classes through September 30. Many private debt securities are tied to floating rates, which enhance returns in a rising-rate environment. Thus far, managers appear to have successfully navigated the rising incidence of default and distress exhibited across the broader leveraged-lending market. Although direct lending deal volume declined from 2022, private lenders financed an all-time high 59 percent of leveraged buyout transactions last year and are now expanding into additional strategies to drive the next era of growth.

Infrastructure took a detour

After several years of robust growth and strong performance, infrastructure and natural resources fundraising declined by 53 percent to the lowest total since 2013. Supply-side timing is partially to blame: five of the seven largest infrastructure managers closed a flagship vehicle in 2021 or 2022, and none of those five held a final close last year. As in real estate, investors shied away from core and core-plus investments in a higher-yield environment. Yet there are reasons to believe infrastructure’s growth will bounce back. Limited partners (LPs) surveyed by McKinsey remain bullish on their deployment to the asset class, and at least a dozen vehicles targeting more than $10 billion were actively fundraising as of the end of 2023. Multiple recent acquisitions of large infrastructure GPs by global multi-asset-class managers also indicate marketwide conviction in the asset class’s potential.

Private markets still have work to do on diversity

Private markets firms are slowly improving their representation of females (up two percentage points over the prior year) and ethnic and racial minorities (up one percentage point). On some diversity metrics, including entry-level representation of women, private markets now compare favorably with corporate America. Yet broad-based parity remains elusive and too slow in the making. Ethnic, racial, and gender imbalances are particularly stark across more influential investing roles and senior positions. In fact, McKinsey’s research  reveals that at the current pace, it would take several decades for private markets firms to reach gender parity at senior levels. Increasing representation across all levels will require managers to take fresh approaches to hiring, retention, and promotion.

Artificial intelligence generating excitement

The transformative potential of generative AI was perhaps 2023’s hottest topic (beyond Taylor Swift). Private markets players are excited about the potential for the technology to optimize their approach to thesis generation, deal sourcing, investment due diligence, and portfolio performance, among other areas. While the technology is still nascent and few GPs can boast scaled implementations, pilot programs are already in flight across the industry, particularly within portfolio companies. Adoption seems nearly certain to accelerate throughout 2024.

Private markets in a slower era

If private markets investors entered 2023 hoping for a return to the heady days of 2021, they likely left the year disappointed. Many of the headwinds that emerged in the latter half of 2022 persisted throughout the year, pressuring fundraising, dealmaking, and performance. Inflation moderated somewhat over the course of the year but remained stubbornly elevated by recent historical standards. Interest rates started high and rose higher, increasing the cost of financing. A reinvigorated public equity market recovered most of 2022’s losses but did little to resolve the valuation uncertainty private market investors have faced for the past 18 months.

Within private markets, the denominator effect remained in play, despite the public market recovery, as the numerator continued to expand. An activity-dampening cycle emerged: higher cost of capital and lower multiples limited the ability or willingness of general partners (GPs) to exit positions; fewer exits, coupled with continuing capital calls, pushed LP allocations higher, thereby limiting their ability or willingness to make new commitments. These conditions weighed on managers’ ability to fundraise. Based on data reported as of year-end 2023, private markets fundraising fell 22 percent from the prior year to just over $1 trillion, the largest such drop since 2009 (Exhibit 1).

The impact of the fundraising environment was not felt equally among GPs. Continuing a trend that emerged in 2022, and consistent with prior downturns in fundraising, LPs favored larger vehicles and the scaled GPs that typically manage them. Smaller and newer managers struggled, and the number of sub–$1 billion vehicles and new firm launches each declined to its lowest level in more than a decade.

Despite the decline in fundraising, private markets assets under management (AUM) continued to grow, increasing 12 percent to $13.1 trillion as of June 30, 2023. 2023 fundraising was still the sixth-highest annual haul on record, pushing dry powder higher, while the slowdown in deal making limited distributions.

Investment performance across private market asset classes fell short of historical averages. Private equity (PE) got back in the black but generated the lowest annual performance in the past 15 years, excluding 2022. Closed-end real estate produced negative returns for the first time since 2009, as capitalization (cap) rates expanded across sectors and rent growth dissipated in formerly hot sectors, including multifamily and industrial. The performance of infrastructure funds was less than half of its long-term average and even further below the double-digit returns generated in 2021 and 2022. Private debt was the standout performer (if there was one), outperforming all other private asset classes and illustrating the asset class’s countercyclical appeal.

Private equity down but not out

Higher financing costs, lower multiples, and an uncertain macroeconomic environment created a challenging backdrop for private equity managers in 2023. Fundraising declined for the second year in a row, falling 15 percent to $649 billion, as LPs grappled with the denominator effect and a slowdown in distributions. Managers were on the fundraising trail longer to raise this capital: funds that closed in 2023 were open for a record-high average of 20.1 months, notably longer than 18.7 months in 2022 and 14.1 months in 2018. VC and growth equity strategies led the decline, dropping to their lowest level of cumulative capital raised since 2015. Fundraising in Asia fell for the fourth year of the last five, with the greatest decline in China.

Despite the difficult fundraising context, a subset of strategies and managers prevailed. Buyout managers collectively had their best fundraising year on record, raising more than $400 billion. Fundraising in Europe surged by more than 50 percent, resulting in the region’s biggest haul ever. The largest managers raised an outsized share of the total for a second consecutive year, making 2023 the most concentrated fundraising year of the last decade (Exhibit 2).

Despite the drop in aggregate fundraising, PE assets under management increased 8 percent to $8.2 trillion. Only a small part of this growth was performance driven: PE funds produced a net IRR of just 2.5 percent through September 30, 2023. Buyouts and growth equity generated positive returns, while VC lost money. PE performance, dating back to the beginning of 2022, remains negative, highlighting the difficulty of generating attractive investment returns in a higher interest rate and lower multiple environment. As PE managers devise value creation strategies to improve performance, their focus includes ensuring operating efficiency and profitability of their portfolio companies.

Deal activity volume and count fell sharply, by 21 percent and 24 percent, respectively, which continued the slower pace set in the second half of 2022. Sponsors largely opted to hold assets longer rather than lock in underwhelming returns. While higher financing costs and valuation mismatches weighed on overall deal activity, certain types of M&A gained share. Add-on deals, for example, accounted for a record 46 percent of total buyout deal volume last year.

Real estate recedes

For real estate, 2023 was a year of transition, characterized by a litany of new and familiar challenges. Pandemic-driven demand issues continued, while elevated financing costs, expanding cap rates, and valuation uncertainty weighed on commercial real estate deal volumes, fundraising, and investment performance.

Managers faced one of the toughest fundraising environments in many years. Global closed-end fundraising declined 34 percent to $125 billion. While fundraising challenges were widespread, they were not ubiquitous across strategies. Dollars continued to shift to large, multi-asset class platforms, with the top five managers accounting for 37 percent of aggregate closed-end real estate fundraising. In April, the largest real estate fund ever raised closed on a record $30 billion.

Capital shifted away from core and core-plus strategies as investors sought liquidity through redemptions in open-end vehicles and reduced gross contributions to the lowest level since 2009. Opportunistic strategies benefited from this shift, as investors turned their attention toward capital appreciation over income generation in a market where alternative sources of yield have grown more attractive.

In the United States, for instance, open-end funds, as represented by the National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries Fund Index—Open-End Equity (NFI-OE), recorded $13 billion in net outflows in 2023, reversing the trend of positive net inflows throughout the 2010s. The negative flows mainly reflected $9 billion in core outflows, with core-plus funds accounting for the remaining outflows, which reversed a 20-year run of net inflows.

As a result, the NAV in US open-end funds fell roughly 16 percent year over year. Meanwhile, global assets under management in closed-end funds reached a new peak of $1.7 trillion as of June 2023, growing 14 percent between June 2022 and June 2023.

Real estate underperformed historical averages in 2023, as previously high-performing multifamily and industrial sectors joined office in producing negative returns caused by slowing demand growth and cap rate expansion. Closed-end funds generated a pooled net IRR of −3.5 percent in the first nine months of 2023, losing money for the first time since the global financial crisis. The lone bright spot among major sectors was hospitality, which—thanks to a rush of postpandemic travel—returned 10.3 percent in 2023. 2 Based on NCREIFs NPI index. Hotels represent 1 percent of total properties in the index. As a whole, the average pooled lifetime net IRRs for closed-end real estate funds from 2011–20 vintages remained around historical levels (9.8 percent).

Global deal volume declined 47 percent in 2023 to reach a ten-year low of $650 billion, driven by widening bid–ask spreads amid valuation uncertainty and higher costs of financing (Exhibit 3). 3 CBRE, Real Capital Analytics Deal flow in the office sector remained depressed, partly as a result of continued uncertainty in the demand for space in a hybrid working world.

During a turbulent year for private markets, private debt was a relative bright spot, topping private markets asset classes in terms of fundraising growth, AUM growth, and performance.

Fundraising for private debt declined just 13 percent year over year, nearly ten percentage points less than the private markets overall. Despite the decline in fundraising, AUM surged 27 percent to $1.7 trillion. And private debt posted the highest investment returns of any private asset class through the first three quarters of 2023.

Private debt’s risk/return characteristics are well suited to the current environment. With interest rates at their highest in more than a decade, current yields in the asset class have grown more attractive on both an absolute and relative basis, particularly if higher rates sustain and put downward pressure on equity returns (Exhibit 4). The built-in security derived from debt’s privileged position in the capital structure, moreover, appeals to investors that are wary of market volatility and valuation uncertainty.

Direct lending continued to be the largest strategy in 2023, with fundraising for the mostly-senior-debt strategy accounting for almost half of the asset class’s total haul (despite declining from the previous year). Separately, mezzanine debt fundraising hit a new high, thanks to the closings of three of the largest funds ever raised in the strategy.

Over the longer term, growth in private debt has largely been driven by institutional investors rotating out of traditional fixed income in favor of private alternatives. Despite this growth in commitments, LPs remain underweight in this asset class relative to their targets. In fact, the allocation gap has only grown wider in recent years, a sharp contrast to other private asset classes, for which LPs’ current allocations exceed their targets on average. According to data from CEM Benchmarking, the private debt allocation gap now stands at 1.4 percent, which means that, in aggregate, investors must commit hundreds of billions in net new capital to the asset class just to reach current targets.

Private debt was not completely immune to the macroeconomic conditions last year, however. Fundraising declined for the second consecutive year and now sits 23 percent below 2021’s peak. Furthermore, though private lenders took share in 2023 from other capital sources, overall deal volumes also declined for the second year in a row. The drop was largely driven by a less active PE deal environment: private debt is predominantly used to finance PE-backed companies, though managers are increasingly diversifying their origination capabilities to include a broad new range of companies and asset types.

Infrastructure and natural resources take a detour

For infrastructure and natural resources fundraising, 2023 was an exceptionally challenging year. Aggregate capital raised declined 53 percent year over year to $82 billion, the lowest annual total since 2013. The size of the drop is particularly surprising in light of infrastructure’s recent momentum. The asset class had set fundraising records in four of the previous five years, and infrastructure is often considered an attractive investment in uncertain markets.

While there is little doubt that the broader fundraising headwinds discussed elsewhere in this report affected infrastructure and natural resources fundraising last year, dynamics specific to the asset class were at play as well. One issue was supply-side timing: nine of the ten largest infrastructure GPs did not close a flagship fund in 2023. Second was the migration of investor dollars away from core and core-plus investments, which have historically accounted for the bulk of infrastructure fundraising, in a higher rate environment.

The asset class had some notable bright spots last year. Fundraising for higher-returning opportunistic strategies more than doubled the prior year’s total (Exhibit 5). AUM grew 18 percent, reaching a new high of $1.5 trillion. Infrastructure funds returned a net IRR of 3.4 percent in 2023; this was below historical averages but still the second-best return among private asset classes. And as was the case in other asset classes, investors concentrated commitments in larger funds and managers in 2023, including in the largest infrastructure fund ever raised.

The outlook for the asset class, moreover, remains positive. Funds targeting a record amount of capital were in the market at year-end, providing a robust foundation for fundraising in 2024 and 2025. A recent spate of infrastructure GP acquisitions signal multi-asset managers’ long-term conviction in the asset class, despite short-term headwinds. Global megatrends like decarbonization and digitization, as well as revolutions in energy and mobility, have spurred new infrastructure investment opportunities around the world, particularly for value-oriented investors that are willing to take on more risk.

Private markets make measured progress in DEI

Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) has become an important part of the fundraising, talent, and investing landscape for private market participants. Encouragingly, incremental progress has been made in recent years, including more diverse talent being brought to entry-level positions, investing roles, and investment committees. The scope of DEI metrics provided to institutional investors during fundraising has also increased in recent years: more than half of PE firms now provide data across investing teams, portfolio company boards, and portfolio company management (versus investment team data only). 4 “ The state of diversity in global private markets: 2023 ,” McKinsey, August 22, 2023.

In 2023, McKinsey surveyed 66 global private markets firms that collectively employ more than 60,000 people for the second annual State of diversity in global private markets report. 5 “ The state of diversity in global private markets: 2023 ,” McKinsey, August 22, 2023. The research offers insight into the representation of women and ethnic and racial minorities in private investing as of year-end 2022. In this chapter, we discuss where the numbers stand and how firms can bring a more diverse set of perspectives to the table.

The statistics indicate signs of modest advancement. Overall representation of women in private markets increased two percentage points to 35 percent, and ethnic and racial minorities increased one percentage point to 30 percent (Exhibit 6). Entry-level positions have nearly reached gender parity, with female representation at 48 percent. The share of women holding C-suite roles globally increased 3 percentage points, while the share of people from ethnic and racial minorities in investment committees increased 9 percentage points. There is growing evidence that external hiring is gradually helping close the diversity gap, especially at senior levels. For example, 33 percent of external hires at the managing director level were ethnic or racial minorities, higher than their existing representation level (19 percent).

Yet, the scope of the challenge remains substantial. Women and minorities continue to be underrepresented in senior positions and investing roles. They also experience uneven rates of progress due to lower promotion and higher attrition rates, particularly at smaller firms. Firms are also navigating an increasingly polarized workplace today, with additional scrutiny and a growing number of lawsuits against corporate diversity and inclusion programs, particularly in the US, which threatens to impact the industry’s pace of progress.

Fredrik Dahlqvist is a senior partner in McKinsey’s Stockholm office; Alastair Green  is a senior partner in the Washington, DC, office, where Paul Maia and Alexandra Nee  are partners; David Quigley  is a senior partner in the New York office, where Connor Mangan is an associate partner and Aditya Sanghvi  is a senior partner; Rahel Schneider is an associate partner in the Bay Area office; John Spivey is a partner in the Charlotte office; and Brian Vickery  is a partner in the Boston office.

The authors wish to thank Jonathan Christy, Louis Dufau, Vaibhav Gujral, Graham Healy-Day, Laura Johnson, Ryan Luby, Tripp Norton, Alastair Rami, Henri Torbey, and Alex Wolkomir for their contributions

The authors would also like to thank CEM Benchmarking and the StepStone Group for their partnership in this year's report.

This article was edited by Arshiya Khullar, an editor in the Gurugram office.

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• How It Spreads
• Norovirus Statistics
• Communication Resources
• Lab Testing
• Reporting & Surveillance
• Food Safety
• Foodborne outbreaks

Norovirus Facts and Stats

• Norovirus is the leading cause of vomiting and diarrhea from acute gastroenteritis among people of all ages in the United States.

Each year, there are about 2,500 reported norovirus outbreaks in the United States.

• Norovirus causes 58% of foodborne illnesses acquired in the United States.

Norovirus is the leading cause of vomiting and diarrhea from acute gastroenteritis among people of all ages in the United States. Gastroenteritis is the inflammation of the stomach and intestines.

Norovirus is also the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States. It causes 58% of foodborne illnesses acquired in the United States.

Annual number of illnesses and associated outcomes

Each year in the United States, norovirus causes on average:

• 900 deaths, mostly among adults aged 65 and older
• 109,000 hospitalizations
• 465,000 emergency department visits, mostly in young children
• 2,270,000 outpatient clinic visits annually, mostly in young children
• 19 to 21 million illnesses

Economic impact

Each year, foodborne norovirus illness in the United States costs about $2 billion, mainly due to lost productivity and healthcare expenses.

Who is affected

Norovirus is responsible for nearly 1 million pediatric medical care visits annually.

People more likely to have an outpatient or emergency department visit than people of other ages:

• Children under 5 years old
• Adults 85 years and older

By 5 years of age:

• 1 in 110,000 will die from norovirus
• 1 in 160 will be hospitalized
• 1 in 40 will go to the emergency department
• 1 in 7 will go to an outpatient clinic

U.S. outbreaks

• Norovirus outbreaks occur throughout the year but are most common from November to April.
• In years when there is a new strain of the virus, there can be 50% more norovirus illness.
• Most outbreaks occur when infected people spread the virus to others through direct contact (such as caring for them, sharing food, or eating utensils with them).

Norovirus Outbreaks

Norovirus worldwide

Worldwide, norovirus causes about 1 out of every 5 cases of acute gastroenteritis that leads to diarrhea and vomiting.

Worldwide, norovirus annually causes on average:

• 685 million total cases of acute gastroenteritis
• 200 million cases in children under 5 years old
• 50,000 child deaths, mostly in developing countries

Norovirus illness is a problem in both low-income and high-income countries. Every year, norovirus is estimated to cost $60 billion worldwide due to healthcare costs and lost productivity.

Global outbreaks

Globally, norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks.

Outbreaks are usually more common in cooler winter months. They typically occur from November to April in countries above the equator; and from May to September in countries below the equator. However, in places closer to the equator, norovirus may be less seasonal.

• Since 2002, GII.4 viruses (genogroup II genotype 4) have caused the majority of norovirus outbreaks worldwide.
• However, non-GII.4 viruses, such as GII.17 and GII.2, have temporarily replaced GII.4 viruses in several Asian countries.
• Between 2002 and 2012, new GII.4 viruses emerged about every 2 to 4 years, but since 2012, the same virus (GII.4 Sydney) has been the dominant strain worldwide. Often, but not always, these new strains lead to a global increase in norovirus outbreaks.

What CDC is doing

CDC works with many global partners to identify the burden of acute gastroenteritis caused by norovirus and to prevent norovirus outbreaks.

• CDC Estimates of Foodborne Illness in the United States
• Global Burden of Norovirus and Prospects for Vaccine Development
• WHO Estimates of the Global Burden of Foodborne Diseases | PLOS
• Global Burden of Norovirus & Prospects for Vaccine Development | PLOS

Norovirus is the leading cause of vomiting and diarrhea, and foodborne illness in the United States. Always wash your hands and handle food well.

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Public health.

Summers warm up faster than winters, fossil shells from Antwerp show

In a warmer climate, summers warm much faster than winters. That is the conclusion of research into fossil shells by earth scientist Niels de Winter. With this knowledge we can better map the consequences of current global warming in the North Sea area.

De Winter, affiliated with the Department of Earth Sciences at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and the AMGC research group at Vrije Universiteit Brussel, measured alongside colleagues from institutions such as the Institute for Natural Sciences in Brussels the chemical composition of fossil shells from Antwerp, Belgium. Those shells originate from molluscs such as oysters, cockles, and scallops found during the construction works of the Kieldrecht Lock. The molluscs lived lived during the Pliocene, approximately three million years ago, in the North Sea, which at that time also covered parts of Flanders and the Netherlands. The shells grew layer by layer, much like tree rings or fingernails, and stored very detailed information in their shell during their lifetime.

Snapshot of the seasons

During the Pliocene, the Earth was on average 2.5 to 3 degrees Celsius warmer than it is now. In their study, published in Science Advances , the researchers took a 'snapshot' of the climate at that time to gain insight into the difference between the seasons in a warmer climate.

Rare heavy isotopes

They use the 'clumped isotope analysis' method. With this method, researchers study the composition of shells in even more detail. They do this by measuring the extent to which rare heavy isotopes of both oxygen and carbon occur in the same carbonate from which shells are built. These isotopes are more common in shells that formed in colder waters. As a result, the measurements can be used to reconstruct the temperature in which the shells were formed. This method is more accurate than conventional methods for temperature reconstructions because it does not rely on assumptions about the composition of the seawater in which the mollusks grew.

Summers heat up more than winter

The key insight is that summers warm much more than winters in a warmer climate such as the Pliocene. While winters became about 2.5 degrees warmer, temperatures during summer were about 4.3 degrees higher. The researchers see a similar result in models projecting future climate, which predict roughly the same amount of warming for the year 2100.

The study gives us a glimpse of what the climate in Europe will be like if we continue our current trend towards a warmer world. De Winter: "We will likely experience stronger temperature differences between summer and winter, and the chance of heatwaves during the summer will increase."

• Marine Biology
• Endangered Plants
• Environmental Issues
• Global Warming
• Early Climate
• Early Mammals
• Scientific opinion on climate change
• Global warming
• Global warming controversy
• Gulf Stream
• IPCC Report on Climate Change - 2007
• Climate change mitigation
• Larsen Ice Shelf
• Temperature record of the past 1000 years

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• Niels J. de Winter, Julia Tindall, Andrew L. A. Johnson, Barbara Goudsmit-Harzevoort, Nina Wichern, Pim Kaskes, Philippe Claeys, Fynn Huygen, Sonja van Leeuwen, Brett Metcalfe, Pepijn Bakker, Stijn Goolaerts, Frank Wesselingh, Martin Ziegler. Amplified seasonality in western Europe in a warmer world . Science Advances , 2024; 10 (20) DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl6717

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